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I wixli am ast. j ^,r?pr^e*or8' %n Jiibcjmtbcnt /amflj |tf fospa^tr: /or % promotion of % folrtral, Social, ^gricnltand anb Contmtrtid |nfcrtsts of % jontlj. |$2 pee yeae, in advance. VOLUME 7. YORKVILLE. SOUTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 2,1861. NUMBER 18. ' A Remarkable Speech. W When we consider the man, the place i and Ihe doctrines, the following speech of Wendell Phillips will be pronounced by all the most remarkable and noteworthy. It was delivered on the 9th instant, at New Bedford, Massachusetts, and is thus reported by a correspondent of the Boston Transcript : New Bedford, Mass., April 10,1861. i Mr. Editor:?Wendell Phillips delivered a lecture before our Lyceum last evening, j intensely political in its character, in the course of which he took occasion to comment on the news just received from Charleston. 1 send you a specimen of his brilliant and erratic ideas, in his own language. The lecture was interrupted by frequent hisses : "Ihe telegraph is said to report to-night * that the guns are firing either out of Fort Sumter or into it?that to morrow's breeze when it sweeps from the North will bring to us the echo of the first Lexington battle of the new revolution. Well, what shall we say of such an hour ? My own feeling is a double one. It is like the triumph of ^ sadness?rejoicing and sorrow. I cannot, ^ indeed, congratulate you enough on the sublime spectacle of twenty millions of people educated in a twelvemonth up to being willing that their idolized Union should risk a battle, should risk dissolution, in order, at any risk, to put down this rebellion of slave States. "But I am sorry that a gun should be fired at Fort Sumter, or that a gun should be fired from it, for this reason. The Administration at Washington dees not know its time. Here are a series of States girdling the gulf, who think that their peculiar institutions require that they should have a separate government. They have a right to decide that question without appealing to you or me. A large body of people, suffi cient to make a nation, have come to the conclusion that they will have a government of a certain form. Who denies them the right ? Standing with the principles of '76 behind us, who can deny them the right? What is a matter of a few millions of dollars, or a few forts? It is a mere drop iu f the bucket of the great national question. T 4- 10 fkaiva inof no mnnK oo r\n*D T main. ill 10 tu^uc juou ao uiutu aa uuio. a ujuiu m taiD, on the principles of '76, that Abra ham Lincoln has no right to a soldier in Fort Snmter. But the question comes secondly, "Suppose we had aright to interfere, what is the good of it?" You may punish South Carolina for going out of the Union. That does not bring her in. You may subdue her by hundreds of thousands of armies, but that does not make her a State. There is no longer a Union. It is nothing but boys' play. Mr. Jefferson Davis is angry, and Mr. Abraham Lincoln is mad, and they agree to fight. One, two or three years hence, if the news of the afternoon is correct, we shall have gone through a war, spent millions, required the death of a hundred thousand men, and be exactly then where we are now?two nations; a little more angry, a little poorer, and a great deal wiser; and that will be the only difference. We may just as well settle it now as then. Y"ou cannot go through Massachusetts and recruit men to bombard Charleston or New Orleans. The Northern mind will not bear ^ it. You never can make such a war popu lar. The first onset may be borne. The telegraph may briog news that Anderson has bombarded Charleston, and you may rejoice. But the sober second thoaght of Massachusetts will be, "Wasteful, unchristian, guilty." The North never will endorse such a war. Instead of conquering Charleston, you create a Charleston in New England. You stir up sympathy for the South. Therefore, it seems to me that the inauguration of war is not only a violation of principle, but it is a violation of expediency. To be for disunion in Boston is to be an Abolitionist. To be against disuoion is to be an Abolitionist to-day in the streets of Charleston. Now, that very state of things shows that the civilization of the two cities is utterly antagonistic. What is the use of trying to join them ? Is Abraham Lincoln capable of making fire and powder lie down together in peace ? If he can, let him send his army to Fort Sumter and occupy it. But understand mc. I believe in the ^ Union exactly as you do, in the future.? This is my proposition : "Go out, gentlemen; you are welcome to your empire?take it." Let them try the experiment of cheating with one band and idleness with the other. T i l 1 , T"> 1 J I Know rnai Lioa nas written "oaniiruptcy over such an experiment. If you cannonade South Carolina, you cannonade her into the sympathy of the world. I do not know now but what a majority there is on my side j but I know this, that if the telegraph speaks true to-night, that the guns are echoingaround Fort Sumter, thena majoiity is against us, for it will convert every man into a secessionist. Besides, there is auother fearful element in the problem. There is another terrible consideration. We can tben no longer extend to the black race at South our best sympathy and our best aid. We stand to-night at the beginning of aD epoch which may have the peace or the ruin of a generation in its bosom. Inaugurate war, we know not where it will end. O ' ^ We are in no condition to flght. The South r is poor, and we are rich. The poor man can do twice the injury to the rich man that the rich can do to the poor. Youi wealth rides safely on the bosom of the ocean. All New England has its millions afloat The North whitens every sea with its wealth. The South has no commerce, but she can buy the privateers of ever} race to prey on yours. It is a dangerous strife when wealth quarreis with poverty. r>?nnn tn jtoannir f.hfi Snnthern States may be poor and bankrupt, but the pooresi man can be a pirate, and as long as New England's tonnage is a third of that of the civilized world, the South can punish New England more than New England can pun ish her. We provoke a strife in which we are defenceless. If, on the contrary, w< hold ourselves to the strife of ideas, if w< manifest that strength which despises insul and bides its honor, we are sure to conque ^ in the end. i distrust those guns at Fort Sumter, do not believe that Abraham Lincoln mean war. I do not believe in the madness of the cabinet. Nothing but madness can provoke war with the Gulf States. My suspicion is this: that the administration dares not compromise. It trembles before the five hundred thousad readers of the New York Tribune. But there is a safe way to compromise. It is this : seem to provoke war, cannonade the forts. What will be the first result ?? New York commerce is pale with bankrupt- j cy. The affrighted seaboard sees grass growing in the streets. It will start up every man whose livelihood hangs upon trade, intensifying him into a compromiser. Those guns fired at Fort Sumter are only to frighten the North into a compromise. T C *l,AA/Jty?Iniofvnfinn tMVMTrkl? QQ ch Pfl XI lucauiuiuuuauuu J/IU? v/a^u vtvvuuuw, 'it is a trick?nothiag else. It is the masjterly cunning of that devil of compromise, the Secretary of State. He is not mad enongh to let those States rush into battle. He knows that the age of bulle's is over. If a gun is fired in Southern waters it is fired at the wharves of New York, at the bank vaults of Boston, at the money of the jNorth. It is meant to alarm. It is policy, not sincerity. It means concession, and in twelve months you will see this Union reconstructed, with a Constitution like that at Montgomery. New England may indeed never be coerced into a slave confederacy. But when the battles of Abraham Lincoln are ended, and compromises worse than Crittenden's are adopted, New England may claim the right to secede. And as sure as a gun is fired to-night at Fort Sumter, within throe i years from to day you will see these thirty ! c.ntno oofVinroi-l nnftar u nnnst.it.ntinn twioe UlttlCO ^Bl/IIVIVU UUMV. v. as damnable as that of 1787. The only hope of liberty is in fidelity to principle, fidelity to peace, fidelity to the slave. Out of that God gives us nothing but hope and brightness. In blood there is sure to be ruin!" Serenade to Vice-President Stephens. Last night, at the hour of 9 o'clock, a laTge number of citizens congregated in front of the Exchange Hotel, with the First : Regiment band, and serenaded the Honorable Alexander II. Stephens, Vice-President of the Confederate States of America. The distinguished gentleman was introduced to the throng by Mayor Mayo, and received wilh hearty cheers. In response, Mr. Stephens returned his acknowledgments for the warmth of the personal greeting, and his most profound thanks for it as the rep| resenative of the Confederate States. He spoke of the rejoicing the secession of Virginia had caused among her Southern sisters. Her people would feel justified if they could hear it as he had. He would not speak of the States who were out, but those woo were iu. xxortn t-aronna was out, and did not know exactly how she got out. The fires that were blazing here he had seen all along his track from Montgomery to Richmond. At Wilmington, North ; Carolina, he had counted, on one street, j twenty flags of the Confederate States. The news from Tennessee was equally | cheering?there the mountains were on fire. jSome of the States still hesitated, but soon I all would be in. Tennessee was no longer in the late Union. She was out by resolutions of her popular assemblies, in Memphis and other cities. Kentucky would soon be l out. Her people were moving. Missouri i?who could doubt the stand sh; would :take, when her Governor, in reply to Lin ^coin's insolent proclamation, had said, "You shall have no troops for the furtherance of your illegal, unchristian and diabolical schemes?" Missouri will soon add an other star to the Southern galaxy. Where Maryland is, you all know. The first Southern blood had been shed on her soil, and Virginia would never stand idly by and see her citizens shot down. The cause of Baltimore was the cause of the whole South. ' He said the cause we were engaged in was I that which attached people to the old Constitution of the late United States?it was ! the cause of civil, religious and constitutional liberty. Many of us looked at that j Constitution as the anchor of safety. In Georgia, the people bad been attached to ' the previous Union, but the Constitution which governed it was framed by Southern talent and understanding. Assaults had been made on it ever since it was established?lately, a latitudinous construction had been made by the North, while we of the South sought to interpret it as it was?advocating strict construction State rights, the rights of the people to rule, etc. He spoke of all the fifteen Southern States as advocating this construction. To violate i the principles of the Constitution was to ini;ate revolution?and the Northern States ! had done this. The Constitution framed at Montgomery discarded the obsolete ideas of the old Constitution, but had preserved its better portion, with some modifications, suggested by the experience of the past, and it had been adopted by the Confederate States, who would stand to it. The old Constitution had been made an engine of power to crush out liberty ; that of the Confederate States, to preserve it The old Constitution was improved in our hands, and those living under it had, like the Phcenix, risen from the ashes. The revolution lately begun did not affect alone property, but liberty. lie I alluded to Lincoln's call for 75,000 volun teers, and said he could hod no authority in the old Constitution for such a flagrant i abuse of power, His second proclamation had stigmatized as pirates all who sailed in i letters of marque; this was also in violation ; of the Constitution, which alone gave Coni gress that power. What had the friends of , liberty to hope for ? Beginning in usuri pation, where would he end? You were, i however, said he, no longer under the rule of this tyrant. With strong arms and stout ; hearts you have now resolved to stand in : defeuce of liberty. The Confederate States had but asserted their rights. They be! lieved that their rulers derived their just r powers from the consent of the governed. No one had a right to deny the existence ; of the sovereign right of secession. Our ; people did not want to meddle with the i Northern States?only wanted the latter tc i let them alone AViien did Virginia evei r ask the assistance of the General Govern ment? 1 If there is sin in our institutions, wt a hear the blame?and will stand acquittec by natural iaw, and the higher law of the Creator. We stand upon the law of God and Nature. The Southern States did not wish a resort to arms after secessiou. Mr. Stephens alluded to negociations between Major Anderson and the authorities of the Confederate States, to demonstrate the proposition, History, ue saia, u nguuy written, would acquit us of a desire to shed our brothers' blood. The law of necessity aud of right com; pelled us to act as we did. He had reason to believe that the Creator smiled on it.? (The Federal flag was taken down without !the loss of a single life. He believed that Providence would be with us and bless us to the end. We had appealed to the God of Battles for the justness of our cause.? Madness and folly ruled at Washington.? Had it not have been so, several of the States would have been in the old Union for a year to come. "The gods first made mad those they would destroy." Maryland ; would join us, and may-be, ere long, the J principles that Washington fought for might i be again administered in the city that bore I his name. Every son of the South, from | the Potomac to the Bio Grande, should ralUy to the support of Maryland. If Lincoln jquits Washington as ignominiously as he jentered it, God's will will* have been acjcomplished. The argument was now ex! hausted. Be prepared ; stand to yourarms j defend your wives and firesides. He alluided to the momentous consequences of the |issue involved. Bather than be conquer ed, let every second utau rally to drive back the invader. The conflict may be terrible, but the victory will be ours. Virginians, said he, you fight for the preservation of your sacred rights?the laud of Patrick Honrc?tn lrppn frnin dpQppratinn the tomb of Washington, the graves of Madison, Jef ferson, and all you hold most dear.?Richmond Dispatch. North Carolina Items. | The Legislature.?The Legislature will re-nssemble in this city on the 1st day ;of next month, under a call from the Gov! emor. We trust we may be pardoned for most respectfully making one or two suggestions : 1st. Let the Legislature, the first day it ire-assembles, unanimously pass an act providing for a Convention. Let the Convenjtion be chosen, assemble, and act as soon as j practicable. ! 2d. Let the Convention be chosen with 1 reference to both State and federal affairs, and let it submit all it may d<> to the people at the ballot-box. We not think it will be necessary for the ; Legislature to remain long in session.? iThe Convention renresentintr the oeonle. jaod uDtrammeled by the Constitution, cat) i remain in session and take such steps as | may be necessary to defend the State. N. C. Mutual Insurance Company. I?At a call meeting of the Board of Directors of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, held at the office of the Company, in Raleigh, April 20, 1861, it was Resolved, 1, That all insurers iu this office may enter into active military service against the late United States, on giving notes annually for two per cent extra on the amouut insured ; said notes to be deducted from the amount insured in case of death ; Provided, however, that the insurer may discharge said note at any time by paying one-half its amount. Resolved, 2, That all slaves insured in this office may be employed in the military service against the late United States? the owner paying one percent extra on the amount insured. Resolved, 3, That the regular 6ulary will be paid to any officer of this Company entering the military service against the late United States. Other members of the Board will perform the duties of said officer, without charge. 8ST The Adjutant General of North Carolina calls for thirty thousand volunteers Never let it be said that North Carolina was called upon to draft her sons to fight in this righteous war. Virginia calls to us for aid. She must have it Better to rul ry and neat back the enemy than to delay jand have to fight him on our own soil. The Thomasville Rifles.?We learn i that Rev. Willis L. Miller and A. G. Fositer, Esq., who were Union men up to Lin| coin's proclamation, made stirrring war {speeches in Thoma9ville, Davidson, on Sat! urday last, and the Thomasville Rifles unanimously resolved to tender their services to the Governor. The Rev. Willis L. Miller is Captain of the Company. The war spirit is up in Davidson. Several northern mechanics are in the Thomasville Rifles. We trust that as a citizen of the place we may be pardoned for saying that Raleigh lis responding gloriously in the cause of the country. Three companies will be raised here and tendered to the Governor, compoised of men who will make their mark in j any post of danger to which they maybe called. In addition to this we shall have j an efficient Home Guard, and a Cadet comjpany. But if the three companies mentioned should not be sufficient for future emergencies, we have no doubt that another full company could be readily formed for active service. Our whole people of all ages and sexes, are compacted as one : body for the common defence. The La|dies (God bless theru !) assembled yesterIday for the purpose of making uniforms for [soldiers. Every purse is open, aDd every | heart pulsates for the State and for the !South. The Defences at Fort Macon.?We 'had the pleasure of seeing in the City on iSunday last, Cupt. Junius B. Whitakcr, of | the Wayne volunteers, who informed us j that the works at Fort Macon are being rapidly pressed to completion, and that the J Fort will soon be iri au excellent state ol !defence. Fight cannon have been mounjted. The Governor of Suuth Carolina has | sent some eight or ten inch Columbiads, I which will be distributed between Forts Macon and Caswell. j There are some four or five hundred II troops at Fort Macon But one spirit per ?lvades the people of Eastern Carolina.? Many of the Wayne volunteers who weni j down with Captain W hi taker were unused 'to heavy labor, but we learu that the) ? sprang to their work with the utmost zeal 11 Soft hands will soon become hardened b) service. Wayne, and Edgecombe, and Lenoir, and Greene, and Craven, and Carteret, together with the whole East will perform their whole duty. We await the response ol true men from Caswell to Ashe, and from Lincolnton to the Tennessee line. Chapel Hill for Resistance.?A meeting was held at Chapel Hill on Saturday last, and the Southern flag raised.? i Earnest and eloquent speeches for resls| twice were made by Gov. Swain, S F. Phillips and Sidney Smith, Esquires, and Captain Ashe Old Guilford in the Field.?The Greensborough Guards passed down on locf fn Pnrf TVTonnn THlfi jUUVUIliaj Ul^ui' JUOU lit/ XUIV A'AHVVM. A is a fine company, and will do good service. We learn that another company of infantry and a dragoon company are being forn.ed in Guilford. Two companies from Cabarrus, one from Rowan, and one from Iredell, passed through this place on Suuday evening last, on their way to the Forts on our seaboard. Three cheers for the Western boys ! Col. C C. Tew, of the Hillsborough Military Academy, is in command of Fort Macon. We think it probable that Majoi Hill, of Charlotte, with his Cadets, will be in active service in the course of a week or two.?Raleigh Standard, 24th ultimo. j We learn that Mr. John R. Harrison, by direction of the Governor, is engaged in examining, repairing and cleaning the arms and accoutrements in the State arsenal here and in making cartridges and ball The muskets on hand will be percussioned. Mr. Palmer, the Principal of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind, has tendered to the Governor the services of the pupils in sewing and making cartridges, which the Governor has accepted. Let the zeal of :hesc unfortunate children stimulate others.?Raleigh Register, 24th ultimo. Major Anderson at New York-Statement of Captain Doubleday. The steamer Baltic with Major Anderson and his command on board, reached the Battery at New York on Thursday, at 1 o'clock. The following account of the arrival is given by telegraph, together with a highly colored statement of the valiant Doubleday, one of Anderson's officers : She had as sh* came ud. the flags of Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie flying. Major Anderson, on landing on the battery, was received by an immense crowd and his carriage was surrounded by the people, who expressed in cheers and other demonstration, their admiration of his conduct. He was followed by an immense throng through Broadway to the Brevoort House, where he joined his wife. ('apt. Doubleday says that the demand to surrender Fort Sumter was made on the 11th, but was refused not only by Major Anderson, but by the unanimous voice of the command. Oo Friday morning, at 3 o'clock, the rebels sent word that the fire would be opened in an hour. At 4 o'clock the fire opened on us from every direction, including a j hidden battery. The fire opened with a fvolley from seventeen mortars firing ten I inch shell, and shot from thirty-three guns, mostly Columbiads. We took breakfast very leisurely. Th" , command was divided into three watches, leach under the direction of two officers.? | After breakfast, they immediately went to i the guns and opened fire on Moultrie, Cumjmings' Point and Sullivan's Island Iron Battery. Cummings. Point Battery was of immense strength and most of our shot glanced off Major Anderson refused to allow the men to turn the guns on the paraj pet, on account of such a terrific fire being , directed there. I There was scarcely a room in Fort Moul' trie left in a habitable condition, and sevi eral shots went through the Floating Bat': tery, but it was little damaged. Two guns I on the Iron Battery were dismounted. A ! man was stationed who cried shot or shell I when the rebels fired, and the garrison was ] thus enabled to dodge, j At first the workmen were reluctant to '.help work the guns, but afterwards, served ! most willingly and effectually against the ! Iron Battery. The barracks caught fire j several times on Friday, but were extinguished by the efforts of Mr. Ilart, of New York, and Mr Lyman, of Baltimore, both volunteers. On Saturday the officers' quarters caught fire from a shell. The main gates were burnt and the magazine was actually surrounded by fire, and ninety barrels of powder, which had been taken out, was thrown into the sea. When the magazine was encircled by fire, all our materials xcere cut off, and icc had eaten our last biscuit tico days before The men had to lay on the ground with wet handkerchiefs on the faces to pre vent smothering, and a favorable eddy of wind was all that saved our lives! Our cartridge bags gave out, and five men were employed to manufacture them out of our shirts, sheets, blankets, &o. It will take half a million deli .rs to repair Fort SumI ter's interior. Most of their shot were i aimed at our flag. ! The following was the conversation that passed between Major Anderson and ex Senator Wigfall. The latter said : Gen. Beauregard wishes to stop this, sir. Major Anderson only replied, "Well, well." Wigfall?You've done all that can be done, and Gen Beauregard wishes to know , | upon what terms you will evacuate ? I Mainr Anderson?Gen. Beauregard is already acquainted with the terms. Wigfall?Do I understand that you will evacuate on the terms proposed ? i Maj Anderson?"Yes, and only those." Wigfall then returned. Ten minutes af, ter Col. Chesnut and others came from 1 General Beauregard asking if Major Anderson wanted any help, stating that Wig. full had not seen Gen. Beuuregard for two i days, and had no authority for his demand i ou Major Anderson, to which the Major replied, "Then we have been sold. We I will raise our flag again. But they requested him to keep it down until eommunica. tion could be had with General Beauregard. . The firiug then ceased ana three hours after I! another deputation came, agreeing to the , terms previously decided upon. Fort Sumter had not beeu reinforced on r any occasion. The steamer Baltic arrived off Charleston on the morning of Friday, after the firing on Sumter had commenced. The steamer Pawnee and Pocahontas arrived yesterday. The Powhatan and the transport steamer Atlantic have not been seen. During all the while that the fleet lay off Charleston a heavy gale was blowing. The day Major Anderson evacuated, preparations to reinforce him had been made for an attempt that night. A schooner was seized, and an agreement made to pay the pilot and captain $500 to put men into the fort, but the fort was evacuated before an attempt could be made. Capt. Fox had instructions to attempt to provision tho fort without troops. If fired od, he was to rush in as best he could. But the gale prevented the arrival of the tugs and transport. The Harriet Lane is soon expected to arrive. The Pawnee has gone to Washington. Among the many incidents of the battle is thatnf Mr. Hart, a volunteer, who, when the flag was shot down and the rebel fire was concentrated on the flag staff, gallantly nailed rhn Stars and Strings to the mast amid a deadly fire, the heroic act being greeted by the cheers of the United States troops. The Secretary of War at Washington received the following dispatch from Major Anderson, Thursday evening : Steamship Baltic, off Sandy Hook, April 18, 1861, 10.30 A. M. V via New York. J Having defended Fort Sumter for thirtyfour hours, until the quarters were entirely burnt, the main gates destroyed by fire, the gorge walls seriously injured, the magazine surrounded by flames, and its door closed from the effeets of heat; four barrels and three cartridges of powder only being available, and no provisions remaining but pork, I accepted terms of evacuation offered by General Beauregard?being the same offered by him on the 11th instant, prior to the commencement of hostilities?and marched out of the fort on Sunday afternoon, the 14th instant, with colors flying and drums beating, bringing away company and private property, and saluting my flag with fifty guns. ROBERT ANDERSON, Major 1st Artillery, Commanding. Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, Washington. The Laws of War. The near prospect of hostilities between the Abolition Government and the Confederate States, renders some inquiry into the law of nations, on this subject, appropriate and interesting. What are the legal con sequences, and what the practical bearing, of a state of war udod the individual riahts of citizens of the two Confederacies having dealings with each other, are questions which should be clearly understood. Asa contribution from a standard authority to the general stock of knowledge on the subject, we quote, somewhat at length, some extracts from Kent's Commentaries. We quote, first, from Lecture 3d, on the Law of Nations, vol. 1 : INTERDICTION OF COMMERCIAL INTERCOURSE. "One of the immediate and important consequences of the declaration of war, is the absolute interruption and interdiction jf all commercial correspondence, intercourse, and dealing between the subjects of the two countries. The idea that any commercial intercourse or pacific dealing can lawfully exist between the people of the powers at war, except UDder the clear and express sanction of the Government, and without a special license, is utterly inconsistent with the new class of duties grow ing out of a state of war. The interdiction flows, necessarily, from the principle ali i .1 . . . n * _ _ 11 reaay seated, mat a state 01 war puts an the members of the two nations respectively in hostility to each other; and to suffer individuals to carry on a friendly or commercial intercourse, while the two Governments were at war, would be placing the act of Government and the acts of individuals in" contradiction to each other. It 4 would counteract the operations of war, and throw obstacles in the way of the public efforts, and lead to disorder, imbecility aud treason. Trading supposes the existence of civil contracts and relations, and a reference to courts of justice ; and it is, therefore, necessarily contradictory to a state of war. It affords aid to the enemy in an effectual manner, by enabling the merchants of the enemy's country to support their Government, and it facilitates the means of conveying intelligence and carrying on a traitorous correspondence with the enemy. These considerations apply with peculiar force to maritime States, where the principal object is to destroy the marine and commerce of the enetuy in order to force them to peace. It is a well settled doctrine in the English courts, and with the English jurists, that there cannot exist, at the same time, a war for arms and a peace for commerce. The war puts an end at once to all dealing and all communication with each other, and places every individual of the respective Governments, as well as the . - . i i . . /? 1 government tnemseives, in a state or Hostility. This is equally the doctrine of all the authoritative writers on the law of nations, and of the maritime ordinances of all the great powers of Europe. It is equally the received law of this country, and was so decided frequently by t! e Congress of the United States during the Revolutionary war, and again by the Supreme Court of the United States, during the course of the last war; and it is difficult to conceive of a point of doctrine more deeply or extensively rooted in the general maritime law of Europe, and of the universal and immemorial usage of the whole community of the civilized world. "It follows, as a necessary consequence of the doctrine of the illegality of all intercourse or traffio, without express permission, that all contracts with the enemy, made during the war, are utterly void. The insurance of enemy's property is an illegal contract, because it is a species of trade aud intercourse with the enemy. The drawing of a bill of exchange, by an alien enemy, on a subject of the adverse country, is an illegal and void contract, because it is a communication and contract. The purchase of bills on the enemy's country, or the remission and deposit of funds there, is a dangerous und illegal act, because it may be cherishing the resources and reliev ing the wants of the enemy. The remis- ! sion of funds, in money or bills, to subjects of the enemy, is unlawful. The inhibition I reaches to every communication, direct or j circuitous. All endeavors to trade with the enemy, by the intervention of third persons, or by partnerships, have equally failed, and no artifice has succeeded to legalize the trade, without the express permission of the Government. Every relaxation of the rule tends to corrupt the allegiance of the subject, and prevents the war from fulfilling its end. The only exception to this strict and vigorous rule of international jurisprudence, is the case of ransom bills, and they are contracts of necessity, founded on a state of war, and engendered by its violence. It is also a further conse quence of the inability of the subjects of the two States to commune or carry on any correspondence or business together, that all commercial partnerships existing between the subjects of the two parties prior to the war are dissolved by tho mere force and act of the war itself ; though other contracts exsiting pryor to the war are not extinguished, but the remedy is odly sua pended, and this from the inability of an alien enemy to sue, or to sustain, in the language of the civilians, a persona standi in judicio. The whole of this doctrine respecting the illegality of any commercial intercourse between the inhabitants of two nations at war was extensively reviewed, and the principal authorities, ancient and modern, foreign and domestic, were accurately examined, and the positions which have been laid down and established in the case of Griswold vs. Waddington, decided in the Supreme Court of this State, and afterwards affirmed on error." Burning of the Gosport Navy Yard. The Petersburg Express has the following favorable account of the condition of things at the Gosport Navy Yard, after the fire: It gives us much pleasure to say that the | damage to the Navy Yard is much less than i was at first anticipated. The large brick building which occupies the front of the yard, and is used as a sail loft, riggers and gunner's shop, was fired, and all the wood work destroyed, but the walls are standing land still good. Both of the ship houses in | the yard are burned. In one of theua was the seventy-four New York, which has been on stocks forty years. The ship house at the dry dock was not touched. All the ships in the harbor, excepting the old frigate United States, were set fire to and scuttled. They were the Pennsylvania, J seventy-fours, Columbus and Delaware, 1 steam frigate Merrimac, sloops Germantown land Plymouth, frigates Raritan and Columbia, and brig Dolphin. The Germantown : was lying at the wharf under a large pair I /\f clionr roliinli xravo fHrnorn nnr/lQQ fif*r | decks by cutting loose the guys. The ship j was nearly cut in two, and sunk at the wharf. Many of the cannon, besides being spiked, had their truncheons knocked off, thus rendering them useless. But there are yet more than five hundred heavy ordnance still in shooting order. The brass suns taken in the Mexican war are uninjured. The dry dock has suffered no damage, j except to the gates, which can be repaired jat very little cost. This is a most impor| tunt acquisition, as its construction cost 81,i 000,000. All of the timber shecs, eig-ht in number, and filled with the best timber, are yet standing. These houses are about six hundred | feet long, and the material contained in them | is not worth less than S2,000,000. It is peculiarly gratifying to us to have it in our power to say that the several stores filiprl with nnrk hepf. hrpnrl. henna, whifl | f 7 7 7 7 key, tobacco, cordage, canvass, spades, shovj els, and every other conceivable article, j which is most needed by us at this time, esleaped the incendiary's torch, aud is now in jour possession. The value of the stores at I this crisis cannot be estimated, i The machine shops, smithing, steam saw jmill, officers' quarters, and all other buildings, are left untouched. At St. Helena, j opposite the yard, where the coal and canjnon were kept, a number of houses and I sheds cf little value were destroyed, j The damage done to Gosport amounts to (the burning of eight houses. All those situated on Lincoln street, between Water and Second, and on Water to Henry, were consumed. These were not of very great value, and 830,000 will probably pay the damage. Two ^o^ig men, Degrand and Richardson, wh i w. re in a boat, rowing about the harbor, were taken prisoners. One of the officers, in attempting to shoot at thern, killed a scan^an attached to his own ship These two young men were taken to the yard, and kept in front of tho guard at the gate, so that in case of an attack from the citizens, they might be the first to fall.? They were kept in this position for four hours on Sunday morning, while the work of destruction wus going on, and then sent aboard the ship and taken to Old Point, where they were discharged. The best spirit prevails id rorcsmuiuu. Everybody has gone to work to do what caD be done for our country. It matters not how, they have been divided before, they are now all united in the glorious cause of Southern emancipation from Black Republican misrule. " " ** The Past and Present?The past perpetually reproduces itself for the tuition of the present. New Englanders Blight take a terrible lesson to their minds by recalling the history of the British soldiery in the streets of Boston, firing upon the populace, in carrying out the decree of despotism to crush out the liberties of the people. If they remember what came of that firing upon the populaoe, they will take in other needful lessons. It is now the soldiery of New England, carrying out the decrees of that miserable despot who, without the character of George the Third, would doom the people from the Capitol at Washington. They fire upon the populace of Baltimore, having penetrated, in armed bands, to the heart of a Southern city, for the purpose of subjugating the South ! We shall soon see what will come of that! The proceedings of the North would seem to show that the people were eager to hurry to their destruction. God's judgments, in his own good time, are too slow for them, ind they hasten to the precipice ! Quos Dcus, &c. ! who shall arrest them, now, in their headlong tendency, downward to the >u!ph !?Mercury. Departure of the First Regiment, S. C. Volunteers, for Virginia. On Monday last, 22d ultimo, the First Regiment of South Carolina Volunteers, which has been on duty on Sullivan's and Morris' Islands for over four months, left Charleston by the North Eastern Railroad, to assist Virginia in her hour of trial.? About li o'clock, tbe various companies were called together to receive a beautiful Regimental flag, the gift and workinaDBhip of several patriotic ladies of Charleston.? The flag is of the Regimental size, made of blue silk, with silk tassels, the staff surmounted by a golden cross. On one side is the Palmetto tree, elegantly worked with white floss silk. An oak vine of the same beautiful texture, surrounds the Palmetto, intertwined with laurel leaves. The trimming is also white silk. Two elegaot standards of white silk, with golden fringe, accompany the flag. They bore on them the inscription : "First Regiment South Carolina volunteers, 1861. The following are the officers and companies composing this Regiment: Officers Commanding.?M. L. Bonham, Brigadier General; Col. W. C. Moragne, Deputy Adjutant-General; Col. W. D. Simpson, Division Inspector Ixeneral; Lol. A. P. Aldrich, Quartermaster; Col. R. B. Boylston, Commissary; Col. J. N. Lips comb, Paymaster; Col. J. McF. Gaston, Brigade Surgeon; Major S. W. Nelson, Major E. S. Hammond, Major Sam'l W. Melton. First Regiment S. C. Volunteers.?Maxcy Gregg, Colonel; D. FI. Hamilton, Lieutenant Colonel; Augustus M. Smith, Major Company A.?Richland Rifles, of Columbia.?D. B. Miller, Captain ; John Cor dero, First Lieutenant; James McMahon. Secoud Lieutenant; Ed. Percival, Third Lieutenant; H. C. Heise, Orderly Sergeant: R. E B. Hewetson, Second Sergeant; Jas. Cathcart, Third Sergeant. Company B.?Darlington Guards.? Under f iie command of Lieutenant J. B Mclutosh ; Second Lieutenant, J. W. Nor wood. Company C.?Edgefield Rifles.?Undei the command of Captain Dean ; First Lieu teoant, Read ; Second Lieutenant, Hughes Company E. ? Union District Volunteer o, ?J. M. Gadberry, Captain; J. F. Gist First Lieutenant; R. Boyce, Second Lieu tenant; D. A. Thomas, Third Lieutenant Company II.?Edgefield.?R Merri weather, Captain ; A. P. Butler, First Lieu r\?\ rt f T YT I rr? a.i k nn Qn/.An/) T.lfllltnn tcuaut , tt, i<ici 11 n catuci j ucv/uuu jjicui^U ant. Company I?Monticcllo Guards.?J B. Davis, Captain; D. 11. Elkin, Thirc Lieutenant. Company L.?Rliett Guards, of New berry?Under the command of Captaii Walker; First Lieutenant, Notts; Seconc Lieutenant, Pope; Third Lieutenant, Sigon Company M.?Richardson Guards, Oj Charleston.?Lieutenant Charles Axson Commanding.' The Baltimore Difficulty. The President of the Baltimore and Ohic Railroad has issued formal notification tc other roads that he will transport no rnort troops to Washington over his line. A dis patch has been received in Baltimore, fron the President of the Philadelphia, Wil mington and Baltimore Railroad, saying that he will send no more troops over hif road at present. Among the incidents of the fight in Bal timore, as reported in a long and interest ins letter in the Petersburg Express, w? find the following : ''While the cars containing the troops were standing at the President street depot, a clerk from the custom house went intc one of them and denounced the soldiers in bitter terms. A captain ordered him out] threatening if he did not go, they would fire on him. He replied, they were toe cowardly to fire, when the officer struck ai him with his sword, which blow he received on the left hand, and with the other knocked him down and took his sword from him, as also the scabbard. A private interfered, for the protection of his commander, and he, too, the clerk knocked down with a heavy drawn pistol, and escaped with his prize, (the sword,) the only injury he reI ccived being a pretty severe cut across his hand. "At the intersection of Gay and Pratt streets, while the soldiers were firing upon the crowd, two other clerks from the same place ran into the ranks and each knocked down a soldier with his fist, aud bore ofi their muskets as the trophies of their exploit." Garibaldi to tiie Rescue.?We are told that the Italian guerilla, Garibaldi, has actually been invited from I.aly to this country, to take charge ot the iNorthem hordes which are to be hurled upon the Southern Confederacy. He will be welcome. We, too, have not lost the guerilla breed ; and the sons of Sumter, and Marion, and Pfckens, Adair, Cleveland, Lacy and a thousand more, are ready to teach bim Swamp Fox and Game Cock lessons, such as he never could learn at the hands of Neapolitans and Austrians. But what a commentary is such a call upon the desperate fears of Abolitiondom ; what a commentary upon their own warriors in Yankee land.? What! The United States, with its eighteen millions, send to Italy for an Italian leader of their arms! What an insult to the graduates of West Point; to the great generalissimo, Scott; to the fierce warriors (on paper) Gen. Watson Webb and the Janissaries, Greeley, Raymond & Company. ?Mercury. More Steamers for the Confederate States.?A correspondent of the Charleston Courier, writes from Wilmington, N. C., under date of the 21st instant, as follows: "Yesterday, the steam tug Uncle Ben approached too uear New Inlet without asking the aid of a pilot. The guard-boat hailed her, and on questioning the captain, found that he could give no satisfactory answer. A squad of men was quietly put ou board of her and she was sent up to the city. Last night, she was sent to Fort Caswell with the gun sent us from Charleston. The officers and crew are under guard at the Marine Hospital. "The new steamship North Carolina has been detained here. She is wantedfor our Navy." The Harper's Ferry Affair.?The following is communicated to us as a correct statement of the taking of the Federal post at Harper's Ferry: "Col. Crump, special Aid of the Governor, was dispatched on Wednesday last fn falro FTnmnr'o Whnn ho arri at Strasburg he had 708 men. He gave op that command and went ahead to Charlestown. On getting there he ordered the Jefferson Regiment, of 360 men, and Capt. Asbby's troop of Cavalry to surround the town and cut off all communication, and if a reinforcement was attempted, to burn the bridge. When the regiment got to the edge of the town, the arsenal and armory, containing 14,000 guns, were blown op, and the Carpenter's shop set on fire The citizens saved 4,000 improved arms; the machine shops did not take 6re, and the machinery was saved. The Virginia flag was run up at 12 o'clock at night. Col. Crump surrounded the town with picket guards, declared martial law in the place, and remained in that position until the rearguard arrivea about day the next morning." Cowardly Conduct op the Massachusetts Regiment.?A gentleman who was in Baltimore on Friday, informs us that that portion of the Massachusetts Regiment which was unarmed, was permitted to pass through the city merely with such expressions of nublio oninion as kickinn them?a i r o . process which was performed all throogh . the streets, without their attempting to re* sist it ! Another gentleman, also present, says . that nothing could have been more sneaking | and cowardly than the conduct of the rej treating detachment of the Massachusetts . troops. They ran at the top of their speed, and when compelled by their officers to fire, they crouched upon their knees to avoid the . rooks, and bred so high that the balls struck the second story windows of the houses.? . Richmond Dispatch. r Andy Johnson Saluted in Lynch* burg.?Linchburo, Va., April 22.? . Andy Johnson, United States Senator from Tennessee, passed through here yesterday } on his way from Washington to Tenoessee. . A large crowd assembled and groaned him and offered every indignity he deserved, . including pulling his nose. Every effort . was made to take him off the cars. The demonstrations were first suggested by Tenneseeans. Great difficulty wis experienced in restraining the populace.? ] Johnson was protected by the conductor and others, who begged that he might be . permitted to proceed home and let his owu , people deal t-ith him. 1 He denied sending a message asserting that Tennessee should furnish her quota of r men. 4 > ***** The Letters op Marque.?A Montgomery correspondent says: "The Attorney General, Mr. Benjamin, ' authorizes me to say that the commissions * ' for nrivateers are beinc nrenared. and will J n r - -r / ! be issued as sood as Congress shall declare war, which it will undoubtedly do. Those 1 intending to apply for them bad better be preparing their bonds, &c. The instruc' tions will contain a prohibition on the seiJ zure of cotton from Southern ports, whether in British or American bottoms. The applications for letters of marque are numerous at New Orleans. I understand the 1 blockade of our Southern ports, ordered by President Lincoln, does not include cotton 1 vessels." ' A Spy Hung.?Capt. VVm. Jones, of the ' sloop Isabel, has terminated his brief but J notorious career at the end of a rope. The account wo bear is, that on the arrival of the ( Thursday evening cars at Scooba, a passen' ger on the train pointed out Jones as boasting to him of being the person who "provisioned Slemmer," and that he was then ' oa his way to Washington, with dispatches to Lincoln's Government. He was arrested, and proofs of bis treason found upon him, and he was executed upon the spot by the enraged citizens.?Mobile Advertiser. A New Way op Paying Old Debts. ?A merchant suggests to the Richmond Dispatch the following mode of extrication from a nressinf? Decuniarv liabilitv : -- g or v v "Id consequence of the turn affairs have takeD, the merchants are in a quaodary what to do. I suggest that merchants pay over to Gov. Letcher ail debts due at the i North, taking his receipts therefor, and passing said receipts over to Northern creditors to be redeemed when hostilities cease by the State." The Mails.?Mr. Johnson, of the Charlotte and South Carolina Railroad, has gone to Montgomery, in compliance with the request of Postmaster General Reagan, and the Presidents of the roads connecting East and West, to meet him in MoDtgom- I ery, and arrange for the continuance of the mails over these routes. Mr. Johnson says that the road over which he has control, will carry the mail whethei paid or not, until a further arrangement is made. Such a course, we are persuaded, will be pursaed by all the railroads in this State.?Mercury. Important Movement.?The following gentlemen have undertaken to arm and equip thoroughly, a Flying Artillery Com 1? ???? J in T? ?1 ? pauy, now ueiug ui^u^cu iu iu the amount of 820,000 if needed, viz: Dr. F. J. Haywood, Wm. Grimes, Wm. BoyIan, Henry Mordecai, Jacob Mordecai, A. M. Lewis, W. M. Boylan, and Ex-Governor Manly. We learn, also, that a million and a half of dollars can be obtained here for volunteer purposes, by donation.?Raleigh State Journal. Extra Sessions.?The Legislatures of the following States will meet in extra session at the times specified: Tennessee, Thursday, April 25th; Maryland, Friday, 26th; Kentucky, Saturday, 27th; North Carolina, Wednesday, May 1.