Yorkville enquirer. [volume] (Yorkville, S.C.) 1855-2006, July 28, 1859, Image 1
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ilwism' oeisi'propriotor ) ' An Independent Journal: For the Promotion of the Political, Social, Agricultural and Commercial Interests of the South. j?2peeahhukraadvajtce.
VOL 5 YOEKYILLE, S. C., THURSDAY, JULY 28,1859. NO. 30.
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BATTLE OF SOLFERINO.
The New York Times in addition to a mass
of interesting special correspondence from
*1- Fnllnar! no dsaprin. I
LUC scab Ul YTat J giTVO vuv ivuvntug v*vuv>-^
tion of the battle of Solferino from the pen
of the Hon. Henry J. Raymond :
Castiouone, Italy,
Friday night, Jane 24, 1859.
I came from Brescia early this morniDg,
and arrived just in time to witness the last
half of what I have very little doubt will
turn out to have been the greatest battle the
modern world has seen. Tou will get the
official summary of its results by telegraph
before this letter reaches you, and will be
prepared, therefore, for this statement of its
magnitude. I cannot describe it with any
precision as yet?for it has lasted all day,
and extended over a circuit of not less than
fifteen miles; the noise of the cannonade,
and even of the musketry, moreover, is still
in my ears, and none of those engaged in it,
except the wounded, have returned to give
us any distinct and connected report. But
not less than 450,000 men have been engaged
in it; and of these not less than 30,000
?dead or disabled?lie, on this bright,
starry night, upon the bloody field.
COMMENCEMENT OF THE BATTLE AND POSITION
OF THE CONTENDING ARMIES.
The battle commenced a little before 5 o'clock
in the morning?not far from sunrise.
Just back of Castiglione rises a high range
of hiils?which projects a mile or thereabouts
into the plain, and theu breaks off towards
the left into a wide expanse of smaller
hills, and so into the rolling surface
which makes that portioo of the plain.?
The Austrians had taken position upon these
hills, planting cannon upon those nearest to
Casrisdione, which they could approach, as
the French army was in full force in and
around that little village, and had stationed
their immense array all over the surrounding
plain. As nearly as we can now learn,
the Emperor Francis Joseph had collected
here not less than 225,000 troops, and commanded
them in person. His evident purpose
was to make a stand hero and risk the
fortunes of the war upon the hazards of the
day. Napoleon promptly accepted the challenge,
and commenced the attack as soon as
it was light this morning, by placing cannon
upon the hills still nearer to Castiglione than
those held by the Austrians, and opening
fire upon them on the heights beyond. He
took his own stand upon the highest of these
?a steep, sharp-backed ridge, which commands
a magnificent view of the entire circuit
of the plain, and from that point directed
the entire movements of his army during
the early portion of the day.
THE AUSTRIAN'S RETREAT, PURSUED BY
THE FRENCH.
The French very soon drove the enemy
out of the posts they held nearest to the
town, and followed them into the small villages
of the plain below.
The first of these was Solferino, where
they had a sharp and protracted engagement.
The Austrians disputed every inch
of the ground, and fought here, as they did
throughout the day, with the utmost desperation.
They we;e three times driven
out of the town before they would stay out.
The people of the village, moreover, took
part against the French, upon whom they
fired from their windows, and the French
were compelled, in self-defence, to burn the
town. When they found it impossible to
hold their ground any longer, they fell back,
slowly and steadily, until they reached the
villago of Vosta, which, as you will see by
the map, lies directly southeast from Castiglione,
and it is only about a mile from the
river Mincio, from which, however, it is
separated by a range of hills. Upon these
hills, in the rear of the town, and overlook
ing it completely on the south and southeast
sides, the Austrians had planted very formidable
batteries, and when I arrived upon
the Geld and went at once to the height where
the Emperor had stood at the opening of the
engagement, but which he had left an hour
0 o '
before to follow his victorious troops, these
batteries were blazing away upon the French
who were stationed in the plain below.
1 was too far otf to observe with any accuracy
the successive steps of the action,
but I could dist'nctly see the troops station- j
ed upon the broad plain, and moving up in j
masses towards the front, where the artillery j
was posted, as their services were required. I
But as soon as they reached this point they
were speedily enveloped in the smoke of the
cannon, and disappeared from observation. |
But the general result was soon made evi-1
dent by the slackening of the Austrian tire,
and by the falling baok of their smoke and a j
corresponding advance on the part of that
which rose from the French artillery. The
cannonadiog at that point lasted for over an
hour; but in precisely what direction the
Austrians retreated, it was not possible, from
the position I occupied, to see. I was afraid
to change it, moreover, because, although
I might easily have gone more directly
and closely upon the field, I could not
have found any eminence upon the plain
from which I could have had so sweeping
and complete a view. Part of the Austrian
force probably crossed the Mincio river,
which flows southward from the lower end
of Lake Guarda, and empties into the Po.
A STORM DURING THE BATTLE.
But the battle continued to rage all over
the region northwest of a line connecting
the towns of Castiglione, Solferino, and Volta.
At one point after another a sharp cannonading
would arise and continue for half
or three-auartere of an hour?and after each
A
successive engagement of this kind, the result
became apparent in the retreat of the
Austrians and the advance of the French
forces. During all the early part of the day
the sky had been clear and the weather hot.
But clouds began to gather at about Doon,
and at 5 o'clock, while the cannonade was
at its height, a tremendous thunderstorm
rolled up from the northwest; the wind came
first, sweeping from the parched streets an
enormous cloud of dust, and was soon followed
by a heavy fall of rain, accompanied by
vivid lightning and rapid explosions of rat*
tling thunder. The storm lasted for about
an hour, and the cannonading, bo far as we
could distinguish, was suspended. Then
the rain ceased, the clouds blew away, the
sun shone out again, and the air was cooled
and perfectly delightful. Though the cannon
may have ceasgd for a time to take part
in it, the fight had in the meantime gone on
?aud when I again resumed my post of observation,
from which the storm had expelled
me, the cannonadiog commenced quite
on the extreme left of the entire field and
on the very borders of the lake, northeast
from Castiglione and west of Peschiera.
the battle-field at sunset.
The Piedmontese troops under the King,
who commands them in person, had been
posted there and received the Austrians as
they came around. From about 7 o'clock
until after night-fall an incessant and most
terrible combat was here kept up. The batteries
of the two armies were apparently about
half a mile apart, and at the outset they
were both served with nearly equal and effective
vigor. But the Austrians gradually
slackened their fire, and several times took
up new positions, while the Sardinians poured
a rapid and uninterrupted shower of balls
upon them, suspending only for a few minutes
at a time, and then renewing it again
with redoubled fury. The wind had now
gone down, the air was still, and the scund
of musketry, as well as of the cannon, was
distinctly heard. The former was continuous,
sharp, and incessant, sounding like the
constant and irregular pattering of hail upon
a roof, while the latter was occasionally suspended,
but while it lasted was overwhelming
erand and terrible. Over the Sar
CP * CP
dinian park rose a dense white cloud of
smoke, directly upwards, its sides perfectly
upright and well-defined, and spreading outward
both ways at the top like an enormous
sheaf of wheat.
The sun was making a glorious setting in
the West, and as his light gradually departed,
the vivid flashes at each discharge of
the cannon gleamed through the smoke like
sharp lightning through the breast of an enormous
cloud. Sometimes only a single
flash would be seen, then two or three at
once, and sometimes half-a-dozen would
break forth in instant succession. It was
beginning to be dark when I turned to ascend
the hill, and all the way down I still
heard the roar of the cannon and the clattering
of the guns of the infantry. But the
Austrians were clearly falling back, and
could scarcely have failed to sustain a total
route. It is possible they may be in condition
to make one more struggle in the morning,
but, judging from my own observation,
it certainly is not probable. They have sustained
an overwhelming defeat, and it seems
to me not unlikely that the Emperor may
rinw bp indiippil. b v thp rpnrpspntntinns nf
the neutral Powers, to accept tlic peace
which Napoleon will be very likely to tender
him.
Just before nightfall a tremendous cannonading
was distinctly visible in the direction
of Mantua, and it was supposed by one
or two French officers that Prince Napoleon
was assaulting that fortress as part of the
general plan of the day's operations, while
the Emperor was engaging the enemy in the
open field. But 1 see no reason to suppose
that this is true, as Prince Napoleon could
scarcely have reached Mantua by this time,
as he was in Florence only a week ago.
I have thus given you a very general outline
of this great battle as it came under my
own observation. 1 have mentioned no
names of subordinate officers, because I have
had no opportunity to learn the specific part
which individuals took in the engagement.
All that I must leave for subsequent letters,
or refer you for it to the official reports ,
which we here shall not see for three or four j
nff-or nrn rmhlished in Paris.
?JW ?J r
TIIE KILLED AND WOUNDED.
I am afraid to venture upon any conjecture
as to tbe number of killed and wounded
in this battle; but from the nature of tiie ;
case it must be enormous. 1 am confident i
that not less than ten thousand wounded J
have been brought into this village alone du- j
ring the day?to say nothing of those that!
I were left on the field or taken to other
places. The first intimation we received of
I an engagement having taken place, was from j
meeting three or four carts drawn by oxen j
filled with wounded, before we reached Montechiaro,
on the road fron Bresica. As we !
i heard of no battle, we naturally supposed
that these wounds had been received in some
skirmish. Soon after we met a one-horse
carriage, in which lay at full length an offi-A
* .
cer of rank, whose face wore so ghastly a ;
look as to make it evident he was dying.? i
On reaching Montechiaro, and stopping for ]
a moment to rest our horses, we were told <
that a great battle was then going on in the '
plain before Castiglione; and going at once 1
to the summit of some old fortifications which '
once defended the town, we could see with
our glasses the smoke of the engagement. <
We lost no time in pushing forward, al- J
though we were told that we could not reach 1
Castiglione, because the rt)ads were com- <
pletely occupied by artillery held in reserve. '
We went on, however, continuing to meet ]
carriages and carts laden with wounded, and '
passing the French camps of the previous i
night, came to a point, at about half a mile <
from the town, where a park of artillery wag- ?
on8 was defiling from their camp into the 1
road. Watching our chance, we drove in '
between two of the wacons, and so entered <
the town under cover of the enormous cloud 1
of dust which they raised. The main street '
was densely crowded with carts, carriages,
horses, donkeys, oxen, soldiers, sutlers, and
persons and animals of every description.?
We pushed our way, without hindrance, directly
past the house marked as the Quartier
Generate, or head-quarters of the Emperor,
and were thus within the camp. We
had gone but a short distance when we came
to where the great procession of the wounded
was turning down a cross street to a
church which had been taken for a hospital.
A SICKENING SIGHT.
It was certainly the most dreadful sight I
ever saw. Every conceivable kind of wound
which can be inflicted upon men was here
exhibited. All who were able to do so were
obliged to walk?the wagons and animals at
command being all required for those who
could not be otherwise moved. Some walked
along, their faces completely .covered
with blood from sabre cuts upon their heads.
Many had their arms shattered?hundreds
had their hands tied up?and some carried
most ghastly wounds upon their faces.?
Some had tied up their wounds?and others
had stripped away the clothing that chafed
and made them worse. I saw one man walking
along with a firm step and a resolute air
?naked to the waist, and having s. bulletwound
upon bis side, an ugly gash along his
cheek, and a deep bayonet-thrust, received
from behind, in bis shoulder. MoBt of those
who were walking wore a serious look?conversing
but little with one another, though
they walked two and two?and-few of them
carried upon their faces any considerable expression
of pain.
loose wno were more severeiy mjurea
rode upon donkeys or iu carts?and a few .
were carried upon mattresses on men's shoul- (
dew. But these were mostly officers, and
nearly all I saw carried in that way were so |
badly wounded that their recovery is scarce- ,
ly possible. One had both his legs crushed
by a cannon-ball. Another had received a
ball in his thigh, and was evidently suffering
the most intense agony. Many of those
whose wounds were in their legs were seated
in chairs swung across- a donkey?one
beiog upon each side. Several who were
thus carried, and were supported by soldiers
walking by their side, were apparently unconscious,
and seemed to be dying. Then
would come carts, large and small, crrrying
three, five, and some of them ten or fifteen
each. A steady stream of these ghastly vien
. 1 1 ill _ J J x 1 t_
tim8 or tne oairie or me aay.pourea rnruugn
the town. I stood in the crowd by the side
of them as the sad procession passed along,
and watched it at this point for over an
hour. *' It
was not interrupted for a moment?except
now and then by a crowd of prisoners
?and it continued thus from about ten in
the morning, when it began to flow, until I
left the street long after dark. Every church,
every large hall, every private house in the
town has been taken for the service of the
wounded. Those whose injuries are slight,
after having them dressed, pass at once into
the ranks and mingle with their comrades.
I looked into the church as I passed by.?
All the seats, railings, &c., had been remo- ;
med, matresses of hay had been spread upon ,
the floor, and were completely filled with
wounded men, in every stage of suffering
and of peril, lying side by side. The surgeons
were dressing their wounds, Sisters of
Charity and other women were giving them
wine, and otherwise ministering to their
comfort, but morning, I am sure, will dawn
upon a large proportion of them relieved for- 1
ever from their pain. If anything can be '
more horrible than a soldier's life, it certain- j
ly is a soldier's death.
When we drove into town, we were warn- 1
ed by French gentlemen, who had arrived a
little before us, that unless we placed our
carriage in the stable or grounds of some '
private citizen, it would certainly be seized '
for the services of the wounded, as his had 1
been. As it was all we could rely on for a 1
bed-room, as well as a means of locomotion, 1
we were unwilling thus to loose it. On go- !
ing to a private house, therefore, to make
sach an arrangement, we found it had been I
taken for a hospital, and among its inhabi- '
tants was a vivanderc?a woman of perhaps 1
30, dressed in the style of ot.r Bloomers, who 1
had received a ball in her hand while fol- i
lowing her occupation and carrying water
and wine to the soldiers during the action.
Two surgeons from the Emperor's family j
were dressing her wound?and though pale
from loss of blood she was conversing cheer
fully and even gaily with them. j
I'RISOI* R8. i
Six or eight times while I stood upon the
street watching the wounded, there came 1
along squad.* of prisoners taken at various
stages of the action. Sometimes there would
be ouly three or four?then twenty, fifty, or i
a hundred, and in one company over 400. <
They walked closely together, six or eight
deep?the officers generally being in the <
middle?and were guarded by a single.file
of troops walking on each side. As a general
thiDg they were not bad looking men.
Very many of them were very young?not
over 18 certainly?and only now and then
>- yrnmmks.:- irt.,
you would see a peculiarly brutal and stupid
countenance. There was nothing like anger
or shame on their faces; they seemed generally
wholly indifferent to their position, but
looking about with a good deal of curiosity
upon the crowd which surrounded them.?
They were geneally silent, though now and
then they would talk and laugh with each
other as they passed along. The officers were,
with scarcely an exception, handsome, manly,
and intelligent fellows. All were without
arms. The uniform of the men were
eery coarse brown stuff made of flax, very
plain, and with scarcelvany attempt at or
[lament. Towards night, carts began to'come.
in laden with wounded Anstrians, hundreds
if whom passed along while I stood there,
rod were taken directly to the hospitals,
where they received precisely the same treatment
as the French. Mo.it of them seemed
to be very badly hurt. Among the number,
loth of the wounded and prisoners, were
many Hungarians.
ORDERLY CONDUCT OF THE TROOPS.
The town to-night, as might be expected,
a simply aicamp. The streets, which are
aarrow, ar$ crammed with artillery and provision
wagons, trying, almost in vain, to
make their way through the town; bivouac
Sreslightup the orchardsand fields all around
the village; two streams of troops pour out
in the two roads leading to the field of battle,
extending as far as the eye can reach;
sutlers, fruit pedlers, and small dealers of eviry
kind circulate among the soldiers who
jrowd the streets; an immense train of Piedmontese
artillery aro brought to a stand in
the street while trying to make their way
through the town to their place of encampment;
and thousands of French infantry,
iespairing of reaching their tents have seatid
themselves upon the narrow side-walks,
with the house-walls for a back, and their
haversacks for pillows, they have addressed
themselves in that position to the labor of
ibtaining a night's rest. It is a striking
tcene, most certainly, and the most wonderful
part of it is the perfect order and good
behavior of the troops. I have not seen,
during the whole day, a single instance of
iisorder, or of even rudeness in word or deed;
from any soldier. Not one have I seen in
the slightest degree intoxicated?not one
bave I seen shouting or singing?not a rough
ir rude remark have I seen or heard addressed
to any one; nor have I failed in a
single instance, whenever I have applied to
i soldier for information, or addressed him
an any subject whatever, to receive acourte)us
replv, and the most polite endeavor to
lid my wishes.
Nor have I heard a single cheer over the
victory, nor a single syllable of exultation
over the prisoners as they come in. The
most respectful silence has in every case
been preserved. Expressions of sympathy
with the wounded were constant, and prompt
attention, as far as possible, was always given
to their wants. Private property in the
town, as far as I can see, has been treated
with perfect respect. In selecting fields for
the camp, those which will be injured by it
least, seem uniformly to be chosen. Baker's
shops, and groceries with cheese, bacon sausages,
&c., freely exposed, are open j and I
bave repeatedly seen soldiers bargaining for
supplies at their windows. But I have heard
of no instance and seen no indication of the
slightest interference with private property.
Yet there is no great rigor of discipline enforced?for
the soldiers seem to be quite at
their ease, and wander about town very much
at their own discretion. But they look upon
waras a business?as something to be done,
like everything else, with as little fuss and
excitement as possible. So they look upon
a battle, and the operations attending it?
the care of the wounded, the reception of
prisoners, &c.?as merely pait of the regular
routine?just like cleaning their muskets,
or boiling their soup over theirbivouac
fires.
Letter from "Malakoff."
Malakoff, the Paris correspondent of the
New Ytyrk Times, also witnessed the battle,
in company with Mr. Raymond, and sends
the Times the following description of it:
details of the action.
Castiglione, Friday June 24.
* * * On the night of the 23d the
whole Austrian army moved up to the vicinity
of Castiglione, within a mile of the advanced
camp of the French army. They
came up so noiselessly that the French supposed
it to be their intention to sweep around
and encircle the town. No such attempt,
however, was made, and at 5 o'clock this
morning the battle commenced, but by which
army the first gun was fired no one thus far
has been able to inform mc. It was an understood
thing, no doubt, in both armies,
that the moment had arrived forthe decisive
trial of strength, and it mattered little who
fired the first gun. Both armies were eager
to begin the struggle, and only awaited the
signal of attack.
The Austrian position was in a cressent,
f ? *V t x ! _ _ 1 J
i^as at magenta,; aDout eignt mnes long, ana
was exceedingly strong in every point of
eiew, since the French were obliged to attack
from the plain, in full view, and in a
loncentrated form.
During the first hours of the battle the
French were twice driven back by the superior
numbers and the impetuosity of the
Austrians. But this retrograde movement
was not a repulse, and the ground lost was
immediately regained. It was the first regiment
of Zouaves that suffered most at this
moment. At 1 o'clock I saw two cart-loads
of wounded men of this regiment as they
came off the field, on their way to the hospital
at Castiglione, and they told me that
at that moment not a single commissioned
officer of their regiment was on his feet.?
Their brave colonel, who had been promoted
only three days before, in place of their colonel
killed at Magenta, had received three
wounds, and in fact I saw him carried from
the field soon afterwards on a litter, covered
with blood and dust, and apparently suffering
deeply from his wounds.
The two villages on the line of hills held
by the Austrians offered the greatest resistance
to the advance of the French. One
of these (Solferino) was taken and retaken
three times by Canrobert's division, and
it is said that at this point the dead bodies
actually concealed the ground from view.
Another village nearer to Castiglione, in
which, strange to say, both the men and the
women of the town fired upon the French,
was totally burnt down by Marshal Canrobert's
orders, who was naturally indignant
at such conduct.
The Austrians were gradually driven back
over the plain, and from their strong position
on the hill-sides, till at 4 o'clock they made
their last obstinate stand at the town of Vol
ta, six miles east of Castigliooe. An hour's
work dislodged them from this place, and
then, at 5 o'clock, a violent rain-storm coming
up, attended with lightning and thunder,
the retreat of the Austrians commenced.
During this storm, which lasted nearly
an hour, we took refuge in one of the division
head-quarters of the town, and there assisted
in dressing the wounded as they were
brought in.- The storm which was but a
burst, and which seemed to have been sent
expressly to cool the hot air and to lay the
dust, had no sooner ceased than the thunder
of the artilery was again heard, but this time
around and to the north of the point of hills
in the direction of Peschiera. The battle
had been renewed; or, perhaps, to us at the
village, only drowned by the storm We
hastened to a high bill half a mile east of
the town, to a point near where the Austrian
right rested at daylight in the morning, and
at the very place on which NapoleoD had
stood during the first hours of the battle, and
from this noint we could see distinctlv what
I 9
was going on. Away to the northeast, towards
Preschiera, which was clearly in view,
and, apparently, near the borders of the lake
of Garda, the battle was raging with renewed
fury.
The Piedmontese, fifty thousand strong,
commanded by the King, who had stopped
the night of the 22d in advance of Sonato
and who had come to the field of action in
the rear of the Anstrians in the flank as they
retreated. We could see each discharge of
the cannon as they vomited forth, in rapid
succession, their death-dealing missiles, and
when we shaded our ears behind the crown
of the bill on which we stood, could hear
distinctly not only only the discharges of the
connon, but the sharp, rapid cracking of the
rifled muskets of the infantry. The scene
at this moment was one long to be remembered.
Ten miles north of us, and on the
eastern and western shores of the lake, the
Alps reared their snow-covered tops above
the clouds, ^he storm had cleared away,
and the sunset was never more beautifol in
this coantry of lovely skies. Nearer to us,
on the south side of the lake, where the
shore is nearly level, the battle was raging,
and the movements of the batteries from
point to point could be perceived. The rays
of the sun illuminating the snow-clad tops
of the mountains, rendered their sides dark
and sombre, and threw a shade upon the water
beyond the contending armies which
brought these into strong relief. The Ausfrionfl
/?/\M 1 rl Kn conn afno^ilw fDnorllllff
Ui?U. U. ?VU ? &
batteries of the artillery on both sides were
constantly shifting from one little hillock to
another, and as soon as placed in position a
regular rolling discharge could be heard and
a line of fire seen like a conflagration.?
The scene was alike picturesque and terrible.
The correspondent adds that he feels warranted
in saying that the French must have
had 25,000 men hors de combat. He says
he saw 10,000 wounded men come from the
field on carts, wagons, mules, and litters.?
He further adds:
If I did not already know the result of
the battle, I would be ready to suppose, from
the enormous number of wounded soldiers
at this moment passing my window, that the
French army had been literally destroyed.
I am quite sure, no matter what the French
official report may say, that my preceding
estimation of the wounded is small.
THE PRISONERS.
We saw about three thousand Austrian
nficnnnro Virnncrllt. in FTflW niaDV Were ta
h""*--b j
ken during the day could not be ascertained.
I saw one crowd of GOO, another of 450,
and many smaller squads. The Austrian
wounded were piled into the carts sometimes
indiscriminately with the French.
The most horrible wounds to look at were
those of the face. Two Zouaves of the
first regiment had the whole under jaw
carried away, and yet these brave fellows
walked behind the carts of their comrades
more dangerously wounded than themselves.
Some had their eyes closed from blows with
the butts of the muskets; others had their
cheeks or mouths hanging in lambcauxirom
sword cuts; others the cheeks swollen to
enormous dimensions from balls that bad
pierced their faces through and through.?
The women who had remained in the town
of Castigliono shed tears apparently at the utter
hopelessness of rendering assistance to
such a number of brave and suffering men. |
Yet every house was thrown open, and every
hand was ready to aid in alleviating their
pains.
For the most part they asked but for wine
or water, for the loss of blood creates thirst,
and the fatigues of the day must have been
great from the length of the battle and the
extent of ground to fight over. Many of
the soldiers were naked to the waist, their
coats having been torn to pieces in the bayonet
and hand-to-hand fight, and their shirts
torn up to staunch their blood. All were |
covered with dust, and had their clothes,
more or less torn. Both officers and
men, and presented, even in the absence of
blood-stained clothes, the most pitable appearance.
But all who were not suffering,
had stamped upon their countenances that
quiet, determined look which soldiers acquire
in battle, and which is called in the
French army the "professional air."
ii i i iii
THE ZOUAVES. i
The following description of the Zouaves 1
?the most effioient portion of the French c
army?is taken from the report of Capt. G. j
B. McClellan, who was one of the United
States military officers at the seat of war in
Edrope "in 1855, to collect information on J
military subjects:? 1
The dress of the Zouaves is of the Arab 1
pattern; the cap is a loose fez, or skull-cap, *
of a scarlet felt, with a tassel; a turban is
worn over this in full dress; a cloth vest 1
and loose jacket, which leave the neck un- 1
encumbered by collar, stock, or cravat, cov- '
er the upper portion of the body, and al- 1
low free movement of the arms; the scarlet 1
pants are loose oriental pattern, and are tuck- 1
ed under garters like those of the Foot Ri- ]
fles of the Guard; the overcoat is a loose
cloak, with a hood; the Chasseurs wear a
similar one. The men say that this dress 1
is the most convenint possible, and prefer it !
i - ?
IU duy ucuci.
The Zouaves are all Frenoh; they are se- 1
lected from amoDgst the old campaigners for '
their fine physique and tried courage and !
have certainly proved that they are what
their appearance would indicate?the most ]
reckless, self-reliant and complete infantry (
that Europe can produce. With his graceful
dress, soldierly-bearing, and vigilant at- 1
titude, the Zouave at an outpost is the beauideal
of a soldier. They neglect no opportunities
of adding to their personal comforts; j
if their is a stream in the vicinity, the par- i
ty marching on picket is sure to be supplied i
with fishing rods, &o. If any thing is to i
be had, the Zouaves are quite certain to <
obtain it. <
Their movements are thd most light and
graceful I have ever seen; the stride is long !
but the foot seems scarcely to touch the
ground, and the march is apparently made
without effort or fatigue. The steps of the
Foot Rifles is shorter and quicker, and not
so easy and graceful.
The impression produced by the appearance
of these two crops is very different; the
Rifles look like active, energetic little fellows,
who would find their best field as skirmishers
; but the Zouaves have combined
with all the activity and energy of the others,
that solid ensemble and reckless daredevil
individuality which would render them
alike formidable when attaokidg in a mass
or in defending a position in the most desperate
hand to hand encounter. Of all the
troops that I have ever seen, 1 should esteem
it the greatest honor to assist in defeating
the Zouaves.
TnE Wab Feeling in Germany.?A
correspondent of the Cork Reporter, wri.
a a . <? Y ift / ft. n . i
ting under date 01 J une 13, irom Stuttgart,
pays:
Passing in Southern Germany, amongst
the little kingdoms and principalities and
dukedoms, I find the tone and temper of all
classes greatly changed; while on the Rhine,
people content themselves with caricatures
of the French Emperor; here all are for
immediate war. "Why not march at once,
take Paris, burn it, and annihilate it utterly?the
hot-bed of all European disturbance?"
say they.
In Stuttgart, the widows of the printshops
are filled with pictures of the brave
deeds and battles of the Wurtembergers in
the last war against the French. War songs
appear daily in the papers, calling cn the
Germans once more to rise and defend the
fatherland from the Po to the Rhine. Old
Arndt, the famous writer of as soul-stirring
war songs as ever were written, has now in
his old age, after long silence, written one
more, which appears beautifully engraved,
with a border ofoannons, banners, soldiers
and horses, in every window of the sixty
shops where books were sold.
On Monday next, the Wurtembergersare
to march to the neighborhood of Heilbronn,
where they are to be encamped. For the
last week the mothers, sisters and aunts of
the officers have been hard at work scraping
old linen intoJint for the wounds that their
relatives soon hope to receive. In the windows
of the ironmongers are displayed field
cookery apparatus for officers. I fear that
evil will come of this hatred of the French
by South Germany. It was only yesterday,
on the news that the Prussian Government
had mobilized six corps d'armce, that one
of the newspapers here wrote thus: "God
be thanked, Germany is at last abont to draw
the sword which has too long remained in (
the scabbard." Here nothing is known of
what is going on in Italy?no telegraphic
despatches are published in the newspapers (
?all is Austrian. The fact is, these small (
German States seem to dread the diminu- ;
tion ofAustrians preponderance in the Bund, (
and fear absorption into Prussia. ]
In Bavaria, too, the feeling in quite the |
same as here. The Bavarian corps is to be |
near Forcheim, on the French frontier, while ]
the Prussians, it is said, will be posted to j
the West of the Rhine, in the Prussian j
Rhine province. This, the South German i
ttt.H nroront ttiA Fronrth frnm
papcia uucwij mil |/*v? v?w ~? ,
sending their entire strength to Lombardy,
and thus be a good help to the Anstrians. (
To give the Anstrians their due, they are,
indeed, fine, soldierly looking fellows, and I
am sure can fight well; but I don't think
they have the dash of the French.
Mobilization.?The readers of the cur- ,
rent news of the day frequently hear this
term applied to the Prussian Army. A *
French military journal explains the meaning
of the word as follows: The army of ,
Prussia is said to be mobilized when the (
numbers of the landwehr (or militia) of the |
first levy are called into service in connexion j
with each division of the regular army, and \
as each division consists generally of 24,000
or 25,000 men, it is at once doubled by
the process of mobilization. The regiments
thus mobilized do not leave their military 1
districts until orders are given to that effect, 1
in consequence of future dispositions. By i
the term "mobilization," therefore, nothing i
more is meant than a simple summons of the i
landwehr of the first levy, to muster into the !
anks at their first military poets, where they
lold themselves subject to farther orders in
sonnexion with the regular army.? Ft7.
Herald.
Table op Distances.?The followiug
ables of distances in English miles will be
Interesting to all readers in following the
eports of the war movements, and will serve
x> test the accuracy of different maps:
* Turin to Paris, 350 miles; to Vienna, 450
miles; to Milan, 81 miles; to Parma, 135
miles; to Florence, 200 miles; to Vercelli,
ll miles; to Mortara, 55 miles. Aleaan*
dria to Vercelli, 80 miles; to Noma, 38
miles; to Milan, 47 miles; to Mortara, 24
miles: to Pavia 33 miles : to Voehen. 20
miles; to Genoa, 87 miles.
French Official Report of Solferino?By
the arrival of the Weser, we have
the French official of the battle of Solferino.
[t contains nothing heretofore unpublished,
3ave the acknowledgment that the attack was
30 unexpected by the Allies as to amount almost
to a surprise. The Frenoh loss in the
battle was 12,720, the Sardinian loss 5,520,
and the Austrian loss is estimated at between
12,000 and 15,000. The Allies captured
6,000 prisoners, 30 cannon, 4 colors, and
a great number of ammunition wagons.
Executed.?The Newberry Conaervatist
informs us that Fanny, the woman that administered
the poison to Mrs. Stewart's family
was executed on Friday last. The woman
made a confession before she went to
execution. Her object was to kill no one
else but Mrs. Stewart for the reason that she
intended to visit her summer residence, taking
Fanny with her. The first dose of arsenic
furnished her was aooidently destroyed
dy falling into the fire. The second was
furnished to poison her mistress the,. next
morning, by putting it in her chocolate,j&e
being the only one of the family who<drank
this beverage. Having mixed the liaison
with the single dipper of water' with which
she intented making the chocolate, she was .
called oat of the kitchen. Mrs. WHkes the
housekeeDer entered in her absence and. as
, t * /
she supposed, pat the dipper into the backet
withoat throwing oat the water in it, and
took a drink, thos accounting for the greater
virulence of her case than the others.?
Fanny upon her return to the kitchen, saw
the dipper in the bucket, and supposed the
poison had been thrown away, and proceeded
in her preparations for breakfast, taking
all the water she used from this bucket full,
which had been impregnated from the dipP?.
^ ? #
A Disgraceful Act.?The Weekly Mirror,
published at Lyons, Iowa, states that a
stranger passing through Keokuk, a short
time since, had a child to die at that place.
When he came to pay his bill, be found he
had not money enough by $11, which be
promised to send back as soon as hie*should
reach Burlington; bot the landlord iqauted
upon retaining the dead \ody of the child as
security, which he did. The father went to
Burlington, obtained the necessary funds,
and returned to redeem the body of the child,
which, in the meantime, had beep buried!
He paid the bill, had the body disinterred, \
and started for home, but had not reaohed
the river, when he was stopped by a police
officer, and eight dollars demanded for bury
ing the child. Finding himself under arrest
and unable to proceed, ho paid over the
amonnt and escaped by the first boat that
left the city. Snch an inhuman act-is a
lasting disgrace to the city of Keoltak and
its officers.
How to Avoid the Danger of Lightning.?Daring
thunder storms, persona in
houses should sit or lie in some place aa far
distant as possible from the chimney and
the most exposed parts of the wall. The
middle of the room, if it is large, is the safest
locality. Sailors on 4he tea should keep
as far from the masts as possible, and tarmers
in the fields should never seek shelter under
trees. Horizontal strokes of lightning sometimes
take place, and several persons have
been struck while sitting at an open wiodow
daring thunder storms. Every window of a
room in which persons are sitting, in such
cases, should be closed; a flash of the flnid,
which would pass through an open window
into an apartment, will be conducted down
through the floor and wall to the earth, if
the window is shut.
Freaks of Lightning.?A correspondent
of the Winnsboro' Register says that
at Campbell's Mills in Fairfield District on
Friday last, during a thunder shower* a wagon
belongiug to "Mr. W. Dixon, of Kershaw,
being at the Mil!, was standing within five
feet of the Mill door, with the Mules attached.
The front wheel was struck by
lightning, which tore off the tire, throwing
it some ten feet, without injuring the wheel
in any other way, or doing any damage to
the Mules. Nor did it cause the slightest
shock to three negTos, who were standing
within fifteen feet of the wagon at the time
the tire was torn off.
Charles Sumner Again.?A cotemporary,
evidently an ardent admirer of the
Massachusetts Senator, - thus rejoices at the
happy effects produced upon his shocked
Bystem by eminent surgeons in Europe:
"We are pleased to learn that Hon.
Charles Sumner is recovering. He is in Paris,
where he had his spinal marrow taken out,
scraped, soaked in oil and replaced, his muscular
membranes operated upon, his nerves
taken out, aired and replaced, and is in a
fair way of recovery. He will resume his
Senatorial duties, he says."
How the Rheumatism Affectej>
Well, Patrick, asked the doctor, bow dCyou
feel to-day? Och, doctor, Je&jyl enjoy
very poor health entirely. The rheumatics
is very distressing, iadade; when I go to
slape, I lay awake All night, and my toes is
swelled as .big as a goose hen's eggs, so whin