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T | ^ |f . ?,v - v?^-i-- ,?ll?>l^'^l|l JOt >K? . ?. . ? ? sam'i;w.MEiTON.Editor. . )a ? Indeuendent Journal: For the Promotion of the Political, Social,. Agricultural and Commercial Interests of the South. . . {12peeabxtk advahce, LEWIS M. GRIST, PreprtBtor. j r 4 t . . ; 2 1 " * . - -..? > ( VOL 5 ' -T ^ YORKYlLLE, S. O^THIFESDAY, MAY 96,1859. ~~? ~ " no'.'21. "*? ' ' ' Cjje for kfoilk nqnira 19 J " ISSUED EVEBY THUBgDAY MOEHING, AT Two Dollars jrer^ar, Di Advance, SIX COPIES, $10,A64 TEN COPIES;' $13 00, INVARIABjE^ IN ADVANCE. advertisements Will bo Inserted ttt One DOLLAR per stjuare for the first and Thirtt-sRVIN-aj?-j\-HaLF Cents for eafch subsequent insertion (less than three months.) A Square consists of the space occupied by 12 lines of Brevier type; 100 words or one inch and a ha?j space. No Advertisement counted less than a square. '? * ' Semi-Monthly,. Monthly, or Quarterly Advertisements, will be charged One DollaR per square for each insertion. 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Quarterly, Semi-Annual or Teariy contracts wiR be mode on liberal tenwk?the contracts, however, must in all cases be confined to the immediate business of the firm or Individual contracting. .*Personal Communications, when admissible; communications of limited or Individual Interest, or recommendations of Candidates for offices of honor, profit or trust, will be charged for at from 3 to 10 cents per line. ?k (fapm Mar. THE MEN OP T?E TIME. We condense the following sketches of some of the leading men in the impending struggle, from various sources : The Sardinian Commanders. Victor Emmanuel II., King of Sardinia, which country bears almost the same relation to the pending European war that Turkey did to the Crimean, is one of the prominent actors in the great drama now being enacted on the Eastern hemisphere. The House of Savoy, of which he is the head, descends from the old Counts of Sardinia." The latest news places General La Mamora in command of the Sardinia army, ready to co-operate with Louis Napoleon against Austria at a moment's notice. General La Mamora is an old and tried soldier. When the'Crimean war broke out, and Sardinia joined the Western Powers against Russia, and the Sardinian contingent was raised, he was placed in command, went to the Crimea, and behaved in the noblest manner, making himself famous as one of the generals of flurope. The Marquis D'Azeglio has figured in the quarrel very prominently. He is the Sardinian Ambassador, and one of the oldest families in Piedmont, and one of considerable distinction at the present time. , The firm stand taken by Count CavoUR, the Sardinian prime minister, to compel the admission of the Sardinian government to a in nrnnosed EuroDe&n iCyiCOCUV\?B?VU *u ? w J---| ? 4Peace Congress, and to enforce a recognition of the importance of that Power among the great nationsuf Europe, has marked him as a prominent man in view of the impending war, and of the part in it which is necessarily assigned him/ He was bom in Turin, Aug. 10, 1810, and belongs to an ancient and wealthy family of Piedmont. The name of Joseph Mary Garybald? ?ho who now commands'the ten thousand Italian volunteers in defence of Sardinia a, gainst Austria, is suggestive of liberty, and by many of his countrymen he is revered, almost as a Washington. The Austrian Commanders. Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, who has been so energetically preparing for war, in spite of his youth and inexperience and of the Xapoleon with whom he has to dpal, in connection with the infuriated liberals of Italy, haB undoubtedly been actuated by a determined ambition. He was born in August, 1880, and is consequently but nearly twenty-nine years of age. Field Lieutenant General Giulay is a Hungarian, born in Pesth. He is sixty years of age, yet has had but little active service. In 1848, at the outbreak of the Hungarian war, the government, having no confidence in him on account of bis Hungarian birth, left him at Trieste, with the rank of military commander of that important place. He placed the city in a state of defence, as also Pola, where the dock-yard of the Austrian navy is situated. He thus saved to Austria that navy, which, however, is not powerful now, and was far less so at that time. This wa3 his most remarkable, if not his only exploit. Since then he has been employed in the public offices and on diplomatic service; in the latter his father, Count Ignan Giulay, who died in 1831, had more military experience than him, but did not meet with great success during bis career. In 1809, after having left the important position of Ban of Croatia for the command of the ninth corps, he had charge of covering the retreat of Prince Charles after his defeat at Erntdorf, r but did it very unsuccessfully, and his appointment as field marshal was in consequence thereof delayed till 1813. k at>av ttrvnv tlr ttrcc mvirv nnmrnonfla as Quartermaster General, has had, perhaps, too much service. lie was born iu 1788, and is consequently seventy-two years old. Being a Viennese ho is a genuine Austrian, which is quite rare in the high, but very difficult position which he now occupies.? From June, 1849, to July, 1850, he was Secretary of "War, and during the years 1S55 and 185G he was employed as negotiator at the Court of Russia. His mission related to the Eastern question, which he confused as much as he was able for the benefit o! Austria. He obtained as a reward for this service the command of the Fifth corj)S(l' armec in Italy of the Austrian army, and has the merit of being the artisan of his own military fortune. Since 1805, when he entered the army as ensign, he has successively passed through all the grades. It was f as late as 1842 that he was appointed field marshal. He is looked upon as a good strat egist. Radetsky, whose principal advisei he was for a long time, held him in the greatest esteem, and he shared in the greater part of the old marshals successes; and as the old general is now dead, it is on Baron de Hess that the Piedmontese army will have to take its direct revenge for the loss of the , battle of Novarre. The French Commanders. From French Papers. On Louis Napoleon?alternately th^ Prince, the outcast, the fugitive, the prisoner, the pamphleteer and the Emperor?the , eyes of the world are now fixed, .as upon an arbiter of the destinies of Europe. The Army of the Alps is subdivided into four corps, commanded, the 1st by Marshal Count Baraguay d'Hilliers; the 2d by Count MacMahon; the 3d by Marshal Canrobert the 4th by General of Division Niol, Aid de-Gamp of the Emperor. _ . , Marshal Babaguay D'Hilliebs, a vet-, eran of the wars of. the first empire, distin-guished himself in Africa, where he successively commanded a brigade and a division; then, at the head of'only a "division of infantry, after four days of open trench, he entered Bomarsund, and inscribed on the flag of Franee the first victory of the last war.? The officers of the French army remember their old .commander of the Ecole de St. Cyr, of which the Marshal had formerly the direction. Marshal Baraguiy d'Hillfers, although deprived by amputation of one arm, is gifted with aD extraordinary physical activity. His gray hair covers a volcano. He is one of the firmest and most energetic leaders: His directions arc always quick, and his judgment sound and reliable. Count Mac Mahon, who is at present the chief commander of our troops in- Africa, has proven on the crest of Malakoff that the young Imperial army is possessed of the rude energy of the Cambronnes and the elegant valor of the Riehelieus/ Sinoe 1841, when he commanded a battalion of chasseurs, Gen. de Mac Mafaon has been almost constantly in the field. The soldiers love him, believe in him and will follow him with confidence across the line of the enemy, through which he will pierce with his sword uplifted, smiling eye, the coolness of a leader and the spirit of a .brave soldier. Marshal Canrobert is the friend and the successor in command of the Eastern army, of the illustrious and ever to be regretted Saint Arnaud. We need not speak to France of the deeds of the hero of Zaatchaall the soldiers of the Crimea saw him at work.? His devotion and bravery have recommended him' to the Emperor's choice, General Niel, one of the aides-de-camp of the Emperor, is a General of the Engineers, and his success has won for him the surname of Polyorcetc. He has been present at all the regular sieges which have won fortified cities to our arms, viz : Anthwerp, Constantine, Rome, Bomarsund and Sefcastopol. Gen. Niel takes for the first timeit - J _i* _ 71 ine command oi a curps a urmet. The Army of Observation, the h'oadquarters of which will be at Jptncy, ig not divided in several corps?at least the Monkcytr does not mention it. It will be commanded by his Excellency Marshal felissipr, Puke of Malakoff, for the present our ambassador in London. The Duke De Malakoff.?The persevering and ever lucky soldier of the campaigns of Africa and the Crimea owes to his. high and justly acquired reputation of a man of war, the quite special position assigned to him. To the chief who has proven that he could assume responsibility his Majesty has entrusted the position where responsibility could, in certain circumstances, be most difficult to bear. Marshal Pelissier, since 1815, has witnessed all our Rattle fields in Spaih, Greece, Belgium, Africa and the. Crimea. With such a sentry?firm, ardent and calm?France oan be easy on the Rhine. The sentry's instructions will not be violated. Prince Napoleon will command a corps d'armee, which has already embarked at Toulon for Genoa. The Imperial Guard remain under command of Gen. Reynaud de St. Angely. The four first named officers have received their orders, and have left Paris accordingly for the 'army of the Alps.' The Emperor, whose staff is under official order to be in readiness jit an hour's cotioe, will not be slow to follow, if events hold their present direction. Meantime French troops are pouring over the frontiers in legions. The railway service has been so organized that every hour a battalion of six or eight hundred men could leave Paris.-^Tbree infantry divisions, upwards of 40,000 men, have been dispatched in this manner; and X>n Tuesday the first detachment of the Imperial Guard, consisting of the Zouaves and two regiments of Grenadiers, were similarly forwarded. The occasion produced one of those little incidents which go far in monarchical countries to inflame a warlike enthusiasm. Abattalionof each regiment of the Guards went, with its band, to the Tuilleries to receive the colors. The Emperor, with his little son, was walking in the reserve garden as the Grenadiers passed. Lifting the Prince from the ground, his Majesty approached the railing, when the crowd fell back and the Colonel approached. His hand was cordially shaken by the Sovereign, who, raising the Prince high upon his shoulders, was greeted with the most enthusiastic cheers. The troops passed on, and as they returned, i the Empiess, who had hastened to meet , them, took the Prince in her arms, and, with ; tears streaming from her eyes, waved God [ speed to the devoted columns. The wide [ area re-echoed with their cheers. No one, I think, could havclookffd upon their splen, did array without confidence in the result 1 of the coming conflict. It is said that a better appointed army i never took the field , and you may read with i an ominous smile that at a banquet of officers in Milan the other day, after various toasts i had been drunk in allusion to the impendI ing war, a zealous young officer proposed the following: "To the Austrian army! The French and Sardinian battalions shall break s against it like this brittle glass!" So saying | he tossed the glass which he had just emptied into the air, that it might fall heavily upon the table. It did so, but?without breaking. The young; soldier stood aghast. Three divisions of the French army, amounting to 160,^)00 men, are advancing into Piedmont^ the first, having already reached Chambfery, are perhapsat this moment \n the pass of Ment Cenis. The second, from Grenoble, are marching by way. of Uriancon and Pignerol. The third have embarked for Genoa, to be reinforced by detachments from, j Algiers, also now at sea. The Austrian invading force is estimated at 200,000 men, whom, you will think, 70,000 Sardinians .may be insufficient to keep at bay until the French arrive: ?>:*i 1 The Cause op the War.?Austria claims that she right owds and controls Lombardy and Venice; that she has a right to control them as she sees fit; tliat in order to; this she must maintain with the several neighboring Italian States such an influence as will render her Lombardo-Venitian sovereignty safe.. Therefore she keeps up a partial military occupancy of the oentral Italian -States, and virtually rules in all Italy. Sardinin is the only large Italian province which is an exception. There Austria has no power, and the policy of Sardinia, which is Favorable to ' the establishment of constitutional govern- ' ments iuTtaly, is hostile to that of Austria^ which tends to the maintenance of the strictest military despotism. Sardinia, and France sympathising with her, on the contrary claim that the Austrian occupation of Italy inju- . rious in its effects on the Italian States, prevents the developemer t of that country, and is virtually in violation of the treaties and . compacts of 1814. They demand the abapdonment of the Austrian occupation qf Italy agd the Sardinian frontier, and that Austria shall -cease to exercise any more control in Italian affairs than-the other great powers, i These demands Austria refuses to comply ( with, alleging that her policy in Italy is nec- : essary to her own protection in her cwn dependencies of Venice and Lombardy. These matters have been in controversy for three * years. Franceand Sardinia proposed in 1856 1 the consideration of this subject by the Con- * gress of the European powers. Austria. would 1 not consent to this. Diplomatic negotiations 1 were oarried on, however, between France * and Austria, but the difference has grown ' wider and wider the- longer the discussion ( has continued, until now they propose to ] settle the whole affair by a resort to a rms. . 1 Paris (April 28) Correspondence of the Liverpool Journal, j BOYAL PERSONAL FEELING IN i THE WAR. . , The Peeling in tele Tuilerjes.?The \ Emperor is said to he as impatieDt as a ] schoolboy to depart. The Bonaparte family j are divided greatly ooncerning the measure. < Old Jerome and the Princess Alathilde arc < both of them lpqd in their objeotions; the ] former has always exj>eriened a sort of ser- < vile jealousy at every attempt made by his < nephew to imitate the great Napoleon ; and j he is never sparing in bjs chuckling sarcasm i whenever an expression drops from the Em- ] peror's lips betraying the one wish at his j heart?that of emulating his uncle in any i particular measure which may be on the ta- ] pis. The Princess Matbilde is so decided- . ly averse to this wild goose departure, as she ] calls it, that a day ot two ago" an open rup- < ture with her imperial relative was the con- 1 sequence. In" the intemperance of tongue i to which contradiction will' give rise, even 1 with the greatest of her sex, the Princess is | said to have exclaimed ; "Let him alonp, i he will never be bap^y till he ha3 shown i himself in his jpautalon garancc." The j thrust must have told; for the Emperor, i who Las Forgiven the Princess many a slip ( of the lip, did not forgive her this one, buf ; grew angry outright. As the Emperor once < said himself, none of his own family could j bear the thought of his seeking glory at the j cannon's mouth but Prince Napoleon. It is certain that this,jolly individual hos been j all along very urgent for the war, and not at j all adverse at first to his cousin's rushing tp j glory; but his sentjracntS arp said to be i quite altered sjqpe he has been appointed tp i accompany the expedition. He. evidently \ thought to have remained behind for the \ 1 11-- 1 f* . r "M_ L..1 il- . T7? ueucr aeien^ ot runs, out ine Ximperor, jms si bite, does not moan to lose sight of his relation, and has his own private reasons for judging that Paris will be all the safer without the presence of Prince Napoleon. TLe health of his Majesty has given him so much uneasiness, {is connected with the expedition on which he has set his heart, that, having consulted all his doctors, and finding that the last ODe, even Triat, the professor of gymnastics, had expressed an unfavorable opinion concerning his departure at the present moment. On Friday, on leaving the chapel, he sent suddenly for the black doctor, of whose doings Paris is at the present moment quite full. It is said that the black man objeots entirely to his leaving Paris till the 12th of next month, when the remedies he has exhibited will have had their due effect. Feeling in the Palace of Vienna.? The war upon which the young Emperor of Austria is now entering nas Deen neicner i suddenly nor rashly advised. It seems that i from the very first the Emperor's mother, the Archduchess Sophia, has entertained a decided repulsion towards the Imperial family of France, and has even been sometimes pcrsijlec, by her own family for what has been called her old fashioned prejudice.? The Archduchess is a woman of the most powerful intellect, and still holds her rule over her son as firmly as in the days of his minority. Her penetration is proverbial; ! and she still consults with Metternich upon all subjects connected with the interests of the Austrian crown. Ever since the marriage of Prince Napoleon the suspic ions of the lady have been aroused; and at length, j by dint of artifice and money, of faith in ; themselves and the want of it in others, the ' experienced pair havo succeeded in obtain**V . ?v ^ *? r-,. .--,-inilMOMdiMifllliie ing the fall copy of the letters of PrinceNapoleon and the Emperor of the Fienoh to the King of Sardinia, by which it becomes clear that the war in Italy is Tint a secondary object?th%t the ultimate end is the bestowal of-Lombardy-on King Victor, Rome on Prince Napoleon, Naples on PfElofi Murat, and the overthrow of Austria, which-, leaves the road open to Russia;'and then hurrah -for the long cheerished idea of the attack on England ! k, . , , ^ Every step which tihs hitherto been taken. by Austria has been'the result of mature deliberation amongst fhg' Imperial family, everv mertiher of whinlwftiA vnnno Rmnornr. j ^7 -i-%? J O 'C? ? is regarded as a. precious ohatge confided to tbeir care. * The Imperial; family of Austria assembles at its council board sixteen Arch-; dukes, all in the prime of life, of vigor, and intelligence; all moved by the same interests, and all as friendly and nnited as every family-should be. No measure of vital importance-is ever undertaken without the advice of all and the adhesion of the majority. This assembly, appealed to* on the present oocataon, was unanimous ia its decision?the ArchdnchesafSophia even more urgeiit tbair the rest. How proud and glorious she most have felt when her son, risi ig in the midst of his relations, laid his ha nd Upon bis sword and, in answer to the proposition of France, which had bdeifaisonsSed, exclaimed, "Let the Emperor Lohis Napoleotf Be "toTd'Wat I am as yet too young to abdicate. Ho wants to""plume (pick) tho Austrian eagle; better to try and cat his throat. One thing let bim remember in the coming struggle, that the game is far from equal between us. I risk a province j he stakes his empire on the issue of the war." * THE CAKCPAIGN OPENING. ' The London Times thus sketches the " jpemng of the campaign between France, Sardinia and Austria. To those who wish to keep up with the progress of the straggle it will be found instructive :: "Two courses are open to the Austrian , Government. The one is to do no more ihan enter the Piedmontese territory, and :hns commit a formal act of war,-for the purpose of bringing matten; to a crisis, and forcing France and France's'allies to declare themselves. This step wonld not preclude the general plan of the campaign from being defensive, the invasion being a political and cot a military movement. The other plan is likely to find much more favor with a youthful Emperor and an army sore with provocations. It is, of course, to press on frith every available battalion to Turin ; to destroy, if possible, the Sardinian army beIawa tKn T?wnnn1t nnn nnm/? n */-? *V?a Lutv/ miv x iwuvu vuu vuuixi U|/ ^ lU V/i UOU buo latter as they descend weary aDd disordered From the passes of the Alps; in fine, to carry Dot such a campaign as the Great Napoleon would have done if be had 120,000 men in line, and his enemy's capital had been only eighty miles away. Whether this bold policy will be adopted is more than we oan pretend to say. The Aushfans have shown such contradictory qualities in their military history that we have no means of judging how they will act on the present occasion. They miy exhibit the slowness and pedantry of 1796 or the energy of 1849.? Another week may see them patrolling Turin, or giving orders for the abandonment of Milan. A lew days since they might have struck a heavy blow; but by the Wednesday before Easter, it was knowq that the ultimatum was to b.e presented, and within twenty-four hoars the French began to mftve. Then came the three days of grace;. and consequently the French gained nearly i week, to the disadvantage of their opponents. Yet even now, a bold general might 3o a great deal before a sufficient body of French troops could come to the assistance of their allies. Between the: Austrian frontier and Turin, the country lis a plain; there ire no obstacles to an enemy's march, and Victor Emanuel would be iinde? the cruel necessity of abaodofljflg h\s capitol or fighting a desperate battle with inferior force agftinst one of the most completely equipped Hfloies of the Continent. In the event of such determined taotics, it is probable that the Sardinians will sacrifice everything to the paramount necessity of saving their army. They would, uo doubt, fall baok on AUesandria, and from this base await the assistance of the French, troops, who are being rapidly transported to Genoa. We may presume that by this time some forty thousand Sardinians are concentrated at Alessandria, and that the rest of the army are retreating before the Austrians, endeavoring as much as possible to avoid a collision.? The question of greatest importance, however, is the movement of the French armies; and here we must pay a tribute to the nation which was so lately our ally. Frenchmen may not be superior to Germans, they are oertainly not equal to Englishmen in strength, endurance and those qualities which?courage being supposed equal?are likely to decide the fate of battles. But in the great military quality of promptness they are without an equal. The manner in which the French troops have been despatched to the Alps since Good Friday is a model for the study of our officers. The very act of uuiuuug a runway uuinu^ auu uiapusiug ui bis knapsack and bis musket bas been taught to the soldier as a part of his drill. We may be assured that nothing that energy, science and skill can accomplish for the speedy concentration of French armies at Turin and Genoa, will be neglected. But the difficulties in the way of the Emperor Napoleon's troops are not few. The season is backward; Mont Cenis is covered with snow. The vast army of the French has been pushed forward without preparation, the commissariat is deficient, the country they enter is poor, there is very little of last year's corn to be had, and this year's will not be fit for the hairvest for three months at least. In this case there will be no making the war support the war. Louis Napoleon must, to a great extent, take his provisions with him, or pay for what he re quires out of the funds which his obsequious assemblies have voted. Then there is the loss which inevitably attends rapid marches in. such inclement regions, and it may be predicted that the ambulances which follow in the rear of the army will, have plenty occupants before the plains of Piedmont are reached. But there is, on the other handf a more favorable picture. The French have the command of the sea. It . may be said* with confidence that if France could ?nly? reach Italy across the Alps, the Austrians i might seize the country and crush each division as it emerges from (the .posses. But the town, and harborjof -Genoa, aknoat-impregnable, ace in. the hands of the Sardiofaosj wo may say, indeed,- in the hands ofkV. - r> v -n 1- . ? ?' ? iub xtcuuu. jcrencu troops are arnviDg daily, and in a few days theee will constitute an army which, in conjunction with the "Sardinians, at Alessandriaa, will be too form idable to be left in the rear of an invading foroe. If there be ono thing whioh especially shows the military genins of-the French,it is their -transport of troops by sea. In the Russian war,- while we had our Himalayas and Jasons, theyhad only their own little trading vessels, most of-them engaged in the obaonel 'cabotage.' Yet in every Kttle brig, which probably had, till within a few months before, traded between St: Male and Shoreham -with eggs, the French managed to paok some one hundred and fifty men, atid send 'them two thousand miles to? Sebastopol. Their present- means of transport "are immense, and the distance from Toulon to Ge< noa is hardly three hundred miles. ' We cannot donbt that in'4 few day# fifty thousand French will have joined the Sardinians at Alessandria, and then it is hardly likely that the Austrian commanders will risk a march on Turin. Without venturing to predict the course of events, we may say that, unless there be news within forty-eight boars that the Aostrians are before the Sardinian capital, we shall believe that they have determined to limit themselves to the defen-. sive warfare for which their position gives them so many advantages." * ' THE REVOLUTION IN TUSCANY. The London Times of April 27, publish es the following letter from Florence: Florence has this day been the scene of a drama hitherto, perhaps, unknown in the world; a bloodless revolution*. A week since / , * the throne of the Grand Duke seemed no more insecure than that of most Italian potentates in times of popular commotion; for the last few days, however, the excitement has been gradually rising among all classes, burning to know the oourse the Grand Duke intended to pursue in the now .inevitable struggle. The procrastination of the court has vastly increased this feeling, andrthough a week since, a declaration of neutrality might possibly have checked for the moment the passions of the people, U was felt throughout yesterday that nothing short of an immediate decision in favor of Piedmont could pre-, vent a nonular demonstration, which could have but one issue. General Ferrari, the head of the Tuscan forces, yesterday sent in his resignation, while bands of soldiers and citizens paraded the streets, singing patriotic songs and mingling the names of Victor Emanuel and Italian independence.? Throughout the day emissaries of the national party might be seen posting up addresses to the citizens in the most public manner, urging them to throw off the yoke of Austria and rise in behalf of Italian independenee. At an early hour this morning the people (to the number of 20,000) assembled in the Piazza Santa Maria Antonia. Here the tri-color of Italy was raised amid rapturous acclamations, and bands of men of all classes, soldiers and citizens, dispersed themselves in every direction, each troop led by a bearer of the national standard; In less than an hour the tri-color was floating over the tower of the Palazzo Vcochio and the fortresses of San Giorgio and San Giovanni.? The greater portion of the assembly proceeded at once to the palace of the Frenoh Minister, who thanked the people for their sympathy with the Emperor and France; they then proceeded to the Sardinian Ambassodor's. Amid a thousand vivas and the wav mg of banners be presented bimseir to tne people, reminded them that the eyes of Italy and Piedmont were upon them, exhorted them to respect religion, law and property, and recommended discipline to the army, quiet and order to all. "The moment will come," he exclaimed; "nay, is now at hand, when you will be called upon to employ your arms in defence of your country." lie next announced that the Grand Duke had declared his intention of abandoning Tuscany, demanded in the name of Victor Emanuel and the national honor that respect should be paid him, and trusted that the citizens would obey the government that should be organized to meet the present emergency. He then disclaimed, on the part of Sardinia, any intention of interfering in the affairs of Tuscany, further than to provide fnr the nublic tranauilitv and the exigencies of war. The object for which Piedmont drew the sword was independence, not ambition. Let them remember that liberty was only acquired by great sacrifices, by acts of virtue and entire obedience. Under these circumstances, the Grand Duke at an early hour called upon Don Feri Corsini, Marquis of Lajatico, to aid his counsels. On his declaring that abdication in favor of his son was the only course that could save the succession, the Grand Duke summoned the corps diplomatique and declared that ho perferred quitting the country to condesending to this step. Before the public announcement of this, the scene before the Palazzo Pitti was most exciting. The very guards and servants of the Grand Duke had mounted the tri-color, while thousands were moving to and fro across the Grand Piazza. The most important fact was the perfect command which the leaders of the people seemed to possess over each and all. They might be seen going from group to group recommending order and tranquility. Throughout the entire day no.single act.of turbulence occurred, as iar a* I haver been able to disoover. The cause of this can only be found in the entire unanimity of thcpeople re their hatred of Austria, which, so far from being" confined to Lombardy and Piedmont, is universal throughout"tfie peninsula1. Before 4 in the afternoon, it was knotfh th$t the tfraud Duke would quit Tuscany with all*his'Tamily, rather than abdict^e jn fay,or.of>the here-, ditary Archduke. 4n address; was immediately issued to the people, declaring, that. Leopold III, though his opinions coincided with those of Tuscany-, was on the point of abandoning, his count#y-? second time, with all his family. '- Ib bfdiP t^HrflM allowing the country to run the risk of a-stafb bf anarchy; a Junta was in a pronfeSs" of formation, which, without wishing'in any way to influ-' eflce the future, would undertake to main tain'order and give tip its authority'at the eajrtid&t possible monleht!! Itf the meantime, the wishes oftlfe army of Thscan'y iJroulcfbd' satisfied, and the Dictatorship of Tuscany offered to Victor' Emanuel during the war. Geheral Ulloif (it continued) the illustrious defender of Venice, was already on his way to Florence, seofcby the King .of Piedmont. The Tuscan army would be proud to find hhn at its head. After an exhortation to order, the first and most solemn act of -patriotism, the.addrese wound up with the statement* that the names of the provisional-government would be given at the earliest moment. At 8, the Grand Duke, with his fhmfly and a baud of officers (to see hhn safely to the frontier,) left Floreu'cdby the PortoRomana, and, crossing the iron bridge above the city, made the circuit of the walls, and followed "thd road to Bol'ogha' from the porta San Gallo. At eleven'o'clock, the most perfect trabquilit^ reigned throughout the1 city. Postcript.?-At at early hour this morning (April 28) the following proclamation appeared ; >#.. ? -? r v t The Grand Duke and his Government, rather than satisfy the juSt demands of the country, manifested hi so many ways atidfor so long a time, have abandoned it to itself.? At this crisis the municipality of Florence, the only element of authority that still existsj wishing to mtfet tfte emergency of Tdscany left without a governmerft, have nominated the undermentioned to act provisionally: ' Cav.' TJBALDTNO PEKUZZIT ' Magg. VINCENZO MALENtSTSl.' - Magg. ALE8SANDR0 DANZ1NI. TnE Utter Ticino.?Caesar's decisive step was the "crossing of the Rubicon," and the step conceded on all hands to be decisive I vi puauc vi nui, is ujc /luouiau ui wy a uiuso* | ing the lloino. This stream is a "small river rising at the foot ofMounl St. Gothard in Switzerland, flowing southwardly through Lake Maggiore, and finally entering into the Po near Pavia. During the lattet part of its course it forms the boundary line between Lombardy and" Pie'dmont, and hence its importance in a military point' of view. Is is easHy crossed and not strongly defended^is remote from the centres of Sardinian population and strength, and heuce is naturally chosen as the most feasible entrance for the Austrian troops into Sardinian territory. pkellamiras From the ?partanbnrg Express. DEATH: OP HON. D. WALLACE. It is our melancholy duty to record, in to-day's paper, the death of Hon. Daniel Wallace, a former member of Congress, from the Pinckney Congressional District. He died on Sunday evening, the 15th instant, at hfs residence, near Jonesville, in Union District. As most of our readers know, he had been a great sufferer for more than two years past, from dropsy of the chest, and paralysis; and, during this time, was often considered as at the very gate of death; but for a few weeks preceding the very sudden termination of his life, his family and numerous friends were rejoiced.with the hope of his speedy recovery and restoration to health. On Sabbath evening he took tea with the family, whose hopes were gaining daily strength from the apparent signs of his returning health, and upon leaving the table, he fell a lifeless corpse; thus in a moment every hope was extinguished, and joy and smiles gave plaoe to sorrow and tears. We regret our inability to pay anything like a fitting tribute to the memory of one whose death will be sorely lamented throughout the State, and throughout the country, wherever he was known. In his death, the State has lost a warm-hearted and devoted son ; the South, a bold and uncompromising defender of her rights: his familv a most affectionate and loving husband and father. Gen. Wallace was born in Laurens District, and commenced his life without money, and with very few of the advantages it affords. With-that indomitable energy and will which characterized him throughout life, ho prepared himself to teach the English branches, and remained in his native District for several years, in the capacity of a teacher; neglecting no opportunity all the whilo for improving and storing his own mind with knowledge. He afterwards removed to Greenville District, and married Miss Davis. He merchandised for a length of time in Greenville, and afterwards re turned to the village of his native District, where he continued the same line of business. From Laurens C. H., he went to Unionville, and remained a citizen of Union District to the day of his death. He was successful as a merchant at this place, and soon gained position and influence. In 1832 he was prominent as a member of the Nullification Party of the District. A few years after this, he was elected Commissioner in Equity, which office he filled with credit to himself and with great acceptability to his fellow-citizens. About 1844 he was elected to the Legislature, and again, two years afterwards. As a member of this body, he gave unmistakeable evidence of those high intellectual endowments,. which were destined in after years, tp elevate him to a more distinguished position. Having some years previous, been called to mourn the- loss of the amiable and devoted wife, who had'Shared With him in his joys and pleasures and toils and trials of his early manhood/ he married, about this tithe,1 Mrs. Drmlap, a refined and occotfplWfied lady.? Not 1 J iw? mi ??U1 MilO?jai/C, MJUj UB WUB QlCCtCU Brigadier Generti, which raccesefhny paved the>way for his promotion to higher civildistinction. In May, 1848, (if we are not , mistaken) he was elected to fill the-WMtxpired fcermj made vacant by the death of Hon. James.A. Black, in the moM hotly contested caavass we bare ever known, -beating one of his-opponents, the late H. H. Thomson, of .our town, by a majority of only five votes. He was again elected for tc full term, end served during the exciting sessions of 1850 and '51?even those.op posed to him in the political views which he adyqoated, were fref to acknowldgejiis abit1 ity/and the strength of his arguments, and an accorded to him fidelity and sincerity, as their representative. His history daring this period, might well serve as a theme of j extended comment and just eulogium, hut | as it is a part of. the history of the country, and is fresh in t^e memory of all, we are . content with the simple expression of opin1 ion we have ^just recorded, as compromising aH'fhat is necessary, or perhaps proper to be stffd in this connection. As a crowning honor of his publicMife many of his friends desired to confer npon him gubernatorial distinction, and his name was mentioned with much favor in connection with the office, bnt his failing health prevented"any further canvass of his claims. " After the death of his second wife Gen. W&ll&ce married Mrs. Star, of York Bis trtct, a most amiable and highly accomplished lady, who during his long affliction, watched o^pr him with the utmost tenderness and , affection.' 'This, although a hasty and imperfect sketch of his life, wfil Interest alfffto knew him, and with many regrets that it has been necessarilyhasty and imperfect, we offer it as a very feeble tribute to hie memory, hoping that some one better fitted for the task will furnish a more just and complete biography. For the iomfort and consolation of friends 1 atfd relations at a distance who may not have heard, we would State in addition, that Gen. W&ftace some months previous to his death professed conversion and connected himself with tlfe Methodist Cbarch. We trust, therefore, that however sad may be this be- * reavement, and however much his loss may be deplored that death to him has been a release from pain and the enhance to eternal joys. Those to whbm he was near and dfiar and whn f?annnt Vint vdon hnw?wi?r rich in i promise of a higher and better life may hare been his death, have oar sincere and heartfelt sympathy. N mn A GeoroiA Negress in Aerica.?The ^ Charleston Advocate is publishing a series r of descriptive letters from the pen of the Rev. C. W. Thomas, Chaplain in the United States Navy, now in Africa. We subject a few extracts: 'In passing through the native market next morning in company with Lieut. M., our attention was arrested by a stand of ginger cakes add bear, behind whioh sat an old > black woman in a neat calico dress and white head-kerchief with the unmistakable tie and , set of the low country house girl of the Southern States. 'This reminds me of Georgia,' said one of the party, ?I come from dare! exclaimed the ola lady, rising to he*' feet. .'From where V asked Lieut M. From Savannah.' 'What is your name?'' 'Catharine.' > 'Where did you live ? 'At de 'Our House,' Mo88a.' 'Did you know Col. M. V said I', referring to the father of my companion, an old And distinguished citizen of Savannah. '0 yes, Mossa !' said she, mentioning at the same time the names of several of the family. 'Would you know Julian now,' said I, casting a glance at my friend. 'Dunno, Mossa; Jule belittle boy den.' 'Look at this man,' said I. 'She gazed a moment, and grasping his , l"Hn T Yialn mtr riAAr onnl JJUUU J WAViatlUCU XiWi V* U?l^/ J j/wa uvw^ if this aint Moss Jnle! Tank de Lord!? Praise the Lord, I see some my people one time more !' Then followed many inquiries after old friends, a sketch of her life since she left Georgia, and the touching question, 'Can't you take me back to my people ?'? He explained that this was impossible, and, emptying the contents of his purse into her hand, said good bye with a softened voice. 'Tell mybroderan sister of Andrew Marshall church,' said she 'that I been see heap trouble; but my Jesus been wid me and I try meet urn ober yonder.' 'Poor woman! she had been set free at the age of forty and sent to Liberia, hut her husband becoming dissatisfied, came to this place, where he died, leaving her helpless; but the white residents buy ber cakes, and she makes a scanty living.' ISF' In 1682, a girl near Paris was attaokad with frequent vomitings, at which time she cast up spiders, caterpillars, snails and other insects, and it was finally discovered that, from some extraordinary inclination, she had been in the habit of swallowing those insects, and that they had remained ? . 1 1! ? m her stomach until ejected, sometimes ior seven or eight months. A poor woman of Cobnrg is reported to have entertained, in her stomach, for some time, a snake half a yard long. In 1675, a shoemaker in Europe, who had suffered for many years with pains in his abdomen, died, and after bis death a serpent, the length of a man's arm, was in his voppin. VST Dow, Jr., closes a short patent sermon on matrimony, with the following recommendation. 'My brethren, you should never marry very young. Life is a feast; after you have enjoyed the substantial, let a wife I come in as a dessert." >