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. 5 ~2 " : " ; " 7"~""? ~ : ~ " * ~ : ' Tr^ - - " : ' -. \ mmm~mmmm^mmm+mmm _ g^Bgggg ^jg^ ^ a ??? = SB gSB B MiW,,BMB? lbw 18^**sisi\Eoprietor.} ~ An Independent Journal: For the Promotion of the Political, Social, Agricultural and Commercial Interests of the South. j?2peeahhtw,nr advajcb VOL. 4. YOBKVILLE, S. C? THTJB8DAY, DECEMBER 9, 1858. NO. 49 #ripal oetrg. For the YorkrlUe Enquirer. MY MOTHER. Suggested by the death of Mrs. Abigail M. Femster. 'Tia sweet, my evorliving Friend, "Tis sweet to trasnn thee, When earthly consolations end, And earthly helpers flee. The love that gladdened childhood's days, That smiled on all my years, No more shall cheer life's weary ways, Or stay my rising tears. The friend, to whom in doubt or pain My trusting heart applied, Shall ne'er beside me stand again My wise, my loving guide. The lips that taught me first to pray, That told of Jesus' love, That made me know the heav'nly way, Id time do more shall more. 0 thou, the Teacher all divine, There's none oao teaoh like thee ; Let beav'nly wisdom round me shine, And thoa my helper be. Let thy sweet lore my spirit charm; My soul with comfort fill; - - Oh 1 let thy everlasting arm Be underneath me still. Thou on the gloom of sorrow's night Canst bid the light arise; And thou celestial glories bright Canst pour on dying eyes. My mother dear, not death's sad day Could make thy courage fail: "I find no evil" thou ?onldst say, When walking through the vale. In Jesus thou didst fall asleep, Soft as the sephyr dies ; And He tby treasured du3t will keep, Till Earth's last morn shall rise. The death of all Jehovah's saints Is precious in his sight, The end of sins and snd complaints, The dawn of endless light. The Spirit saith: "The work is done, The soul is sanctified." "Yea, saved completely," eaith the Son, "The soul for which I died." The absent child is carried home? Home to a Father's breast; The pilgrim feet at length are come To everlasting rest. Cj)e $forg Celler. A NIWETEEJi YEARS DUEL. The general attention has been recently attracted to a monstrous French duel. The records of such things in France present another duel quite as absurd, but far less horrible : At the beginning of the present century, the city of Strasbourg resembled Caen, in possessing a certain number of wrong-headed gentlemen who took a pleasure in getting disputes. Soldiers of all ranks had ample opportunities of picking quarrels, whenever they wished it, and often when they did not wish it. In 1794, a captain of huzzars named Fournier, indulged in this amusement to his heart's content. At a later period, his merit and his courage earned him the epaulets of a general of division. His aggressive temper and his address with arms, rendered his name celebrated in the annals of the duel. He was invariably the victor in these unfortunate meetings; and Strasbourg bad to reproach him for the loss of several of her lL A /???!_ A * / I sons on me most iuiue motives or quarrel, and especially for having killed, on very trifling grounds, a young man named Blume ?generally beloved, the only support of a numerous family?whom he had challenged without any plausible reason, and slain without the slightest pity. The death of Blume was regarded as a public misfortune, and sympathised in by a public mourning. On the very day of Blume's funeral, Gen. Moreau gave a ball, to whioh were invited all the members of the high bourgeoise. It was desirable to avoid the scandalous scenes which could not fail to take place between the fellow-townsmen, perhaps the relations of the unfortunate deoeased and the aggressor, who was styled his murderer. Gen Moreau, therefore, desired his aid-de camp, Captain Dupont, afterwards the General who oapitulated at Baylen, to prevent Captain Fournier from entering the ball-room. Dupont stationed himself in a corner of one of the ante-chambers, and he immediately caught sight of him, accosted him abruptly : What are you going to do here ?' 'Ah! That's you, Dupont ? Good evening FarblueJ You see what I am doing 3 I am ooine to the ball/ 'Are you not ashamed to come to a ball the very day of the funeral of that poor unhappy fellow, Blume? What will bis friends and relations say?' 'They may say what they please; it's all one to me. But, I should like to know, what business is that of yours V 'It is everybody's business. Everybody is thiokiqg and talking about it." (Everybody i9 wrong, then. I don't like people to poke their noses into my affairs.? And now, if yon please, let me pass.' 'You shall not go into the ball-room.' And, pray, why ?' 'Because you must take yourself off instead. The General orders you to retire to your apartments.' 'Am I turned out of the house ?' 'Xo j it is merely a precaution.' 'Are you aware of the consequences of turning Fournier out of doors.' (I do not want to hear any of your rhodomontades. Just have the goodness to take yourself off.' 'Listen !' said Fournier, in a fury, I can not have my revenge of the General, because he is my superior officer; but you are my equal; you haye presumed to take your share in the insult, and you shall pay for the whole of it. We will fight!' Listen in torn,' replied Dupont. 'I have long been ont of patience with yon; I am disgusted with your bullying ways; and I hope to give you a lesson which you will long remember.' Fournier passed a sleepless night. He would have gone mad with vexation, had he not been consoled by the hope of killing Dapont. But the result of the combat was not what he expected, for Dupont gave him a frightful wound. You fence well,' said Fournier, as he fell. 'Not badly, as you see.' 'Yes; but now I know your game. You won't catch me another time?as I will show when I am well again.' 'You wish for another encounter?' 'Parbleu 1 That's a matter of course.' In fact, after a few week's nursing, Fournier, for the second time, was face to face with his adversary. It was now his turn. He gave Dupont a home thrust, with the comment: 'You sec clearly you hold your hand too low to parry properly. After you had made your thrust, you gave me time to stick three inches of cold iron between your ribs.' 'This is only the second act,' cried Dupont, 'we will come to the catastrophe as soon as possible.' Fournier would have liked to concluded the third act by the aid of the pistol, but Dupont claimed the military privilege which obliges officers to fight with their swords.? Dupont was wise in maintniniag his right, for Foamier's expertness as a pistol shot is still remembered with astonishment. He had accustomed his servant to hold between his fingers a piece of money, which he sent flying with a bullet, five and twenty paces distant. And frequently one of the hussars of his regiment, as he galloped past smoking his pipe, was surprised to find it smashed between his lips-, without suspecting that Fournier had amused himself by making a target of the tobacco bowl. The catastrophe, since so we must style it, brought about no decisive result; they each received a trifling scratch. Then these two wiseheads, annoyed at so negative a result, agreed to recommence the struggle until one of the two should confess himself beaten, and should renounce all further resistance. They therefore drew up the following little treaty, which still exists in the possession of Col. Berger: 1. Whenever Messieurs Dupont and Fournier shall happen to be within thirty leagues' distance of each other, they shall each perform half the distance, for the sake of meeting sword in hand. 2. If one of the two contracting parties is unavoidably hindered by his military duties, the party who is free shall traevl the whole of the distance, in order to reconcile the necessity of the service with the exigencies of the present treaty. 3. No excuses shall be admissible, except those resulting from military obligations. 4. The present treaty being entered into in good faith, its conditions may be modified with the consent of the parties. The treaty was executed. Whenever the two madmen were able to meet they fought, and the most extraordinary correspondence, in the second person, too, the most familiar form of French speech, was exchanged between them. T ? :?j i? J _ t? I x am luviieu iu u uejuuuer uy mc uiuvcio of the Regiment of Chasseurs at Luneville, wrote one of them. I expect to take a journey there, to accept this polite invitation.? As you are on leave of absence there, we will 1 take the advantage, if you like, of my short \ stay, to have a poke at each other. Or again : Di'or Friend?I shall be passiug through 1 Stratsbi'.jg the 5th of November next, about 1 noon. You will wait for me at the Hotel des 1 Postes; we will have a little fencing. Sometimes the promotion of one of these ( duelists put a temporary stop to the regular 1 course of their encounters. The third nr- 1 tide of the treaty enjoined respect for the ' military hierarchy. There is a letter from ! Fournier to Dupont, as follows: My Dear Dupont.?lam informed that J the Emperor had done justice to your mer- j its, by promoting you to the rank of General of Brigade. Accept my sincere congratulations on an advancement which is no more than the natural consequence of your knowledge and your courage. For myself, there is a double motive for rejoicing at your 1 nomination. In the first place, the satisfaction given by a circumstance so flattering to your future prospects; and, secondly, the ; permission which it gives us of having a turn together at the first opportunity. The singularity of this affair, lasting, as it did, many years, attracted in time the public attention. Dupont and Fournier strictly : observed the clauses of their treaty. Their j ncrsons were marked with numerous scars ; \' they continued, all the same for that, to cut;. and slash at each other in most enthusiastic style; and General Fournier used to observe, now and then, "It is really astonishing that I I, who always kill my man, cannot contrive j to kill that devil Dupont." By-and-by, General Dupont received the order to join the army of the Grisons. Dupont was not expected, and no preparations had been made for his reception. There was no inn on the spot occupied by the staff.? ' The General wasin vain trying to find a lodging, when he preceived before him a chalet, through whose windows the light of a fire J was gleaming. Dupont did not hesitate to go and ask shelter and hospitality of the for- ' tunate inhabitant of the wooden cottage. He \ knocked at the door; he opened it; he entered. A man was sitting writing, in front of a bureau; he turned his head to regard his visitor. Recognizing the unexpected guest who came to interrupt his correspon- i dence, he said, before the other could cross the threshold: 1 <Ah ! that'# you, Dupont. We will have a little bit of a fence.' ' 1 UHBHBnnBBBBnB aMMMBMnaaaaaMHrnaBBii 'By all means; with all my heart/ said Dupont to Foamier, who chanced to be the occapant of the chalet. And they set to work, chatting between the passes. <1 thought you were employed in the interior V said Foamier. 'Tho minister has put me into the fourth corps.' Really ! What a curoius coincidence. I command the cavalry there. And so you are just arrived V I got out of the carriage five minutes ago/ And your fii-st thoughts were devoted to me. How very kind !' At last, General Dupont's sword, after trnversing General Fournier's thrust, struck the wall. 'Sacre, die !' shouted Foamier. You did not expect that?' 'Yes, I did. Directly I left my guard, I saw that I was caught. But 'tis you who ' don't expect what is going to happen/ 'Well, let us see what is likely to happen.' 1 The moment you stir, I shall give you a thrust in the belly. Yon are a dead man/ ' I will ward your thrust/ ' Impossible/ < I won't stir my sword an inch. I will keep you pinned till you throw down your 1 sword/ Do you know that this is a very disagree- ] able position?' said Fournier. < 'For you, especially. Throw down your ] aword, and I will allow you to quit it/ ( No; I intend to kill you/ ' Fortunately, the noise which the two Gen- ' erals made was heard by the officers, who 1 came and separated the combatants. < Dupont, the more reasonable of the two, ' now and then thought of the absurdity of a i quarrel, and still went on after so many 1 struggles, and asked himself whether he < should not be doing right in killing Fournier, I to make an end of the matter. Besides that, < he was to get married. One morning he i called on Fournier. I Are you come to fix a day for the match ?' < inquired the latter, on seeing him enter. ] Perhaps I am; but first of all, let us talk t a little. Listen to this; I intend to get < married ; and before I enter the serious state ( of matrimony, I should like to have done I with you/ 1 Oh ! oh!' ] Our quarrel has now lasted for nineteen < years. I do not wish to continue a style of J life which my wife might consider not exact- < ly comfortable; and therefore, by virtue of t the fourth article of our treaty, I am come to j propose a change in the mode of combat, and so have a final meeting, the result of which shall be decisive. We will fight with pistols.' ?You don'c think of such a thing!' cried Fournicr, in astonishmeut. 'I know that that is your strong point; but, to equal the chances, we will do this, if you like. One of my friends has, at Neuilly, an inclosure planted with trees, and completely surrounded with walls ; there are two doors to it, one at each end. On a day, and at an hour to be agreed upon, we will go to the enclosure separately, armed with two hostler pistols, ready loaded, to take a single shot with each. We will try which can find the other, and whoever catches the sight of the other, shall fiie.' 'That's a droll idea.' 'Does it suit you ?' 'Ten o'clock on Tuesday morning?will that do ?' That's it; agteed. Adieu, till Tuesday.' The hour and the day determined on, they were punctual at their rendezvous. As scon as they were inside the inclosure, the two I ? (*. L il i! antagonists sougncauer eacn oiner cauuous- v ly, halting to listen to every step. Tliey ad- v eanced slowly, with their cocked pistols in i their hands, eye on the watch, and car all at- t tention. At the turn of an alley ihey per- h aeived each other; by a rapid motion they a drew themselves behind the trucks of a \ loupleof trees; in this position they resolv- \ ed to act. At first h<; gently waved the tail af his coat just outside the tree which pro- v tected him; he then protruded half the ( thickness of the fleshy part of his aim, draw- S ing it back again instantly. It was lucky c for him that he did so; for immediately af- n terwards, a bullet sent a large piece of bark c dying. Fouruier has lost a shot. C In the course of few minutes, Dupont t recommenced tie same manoeuvre on the op- s posite side of the tree-trunk, and he embellished his original idea by showing the trip tl of his pistol-barrel, as if ho in turn were v watching for an opportunity to fire. Holding t his hat in his right hand, be displayed it as ^ far as the rim. In a twinkling the hat was D blown away; fortunately there was no head c inside of it. Fournior, therefore had wasted ^ bis second bullet. ^ Dupont then salliel from his fortress, and j, marched up to hie ldversary, who waited t him in the attitude o' a brave man for whom c there is no further hope. When Dupont c was within a couple of paces of his enemy, he said : c <1 can kill you, if I like; it is my right ^ and my privilege; but I cannot fire at a ! r human creature in cold blood. I snare your ! life.' 'As you please.' 0 'I spare it to-day, you understand clearly, ^ but I remain the ma iter of my own proper- , ty, of which I allow you the provisional en- \ joyment. But if over you give me any j trouble, if ever you t ;y to pick a quarrel with me, I shall take the liberty of reminding ? you that I am the kwful owner of a couple of bullets specially destined to be lodged in your skull; and we will resume the affair ^ exactly at the point where I think proper to leave it to-day.' So ended a duel which began in 1704, and only finished in 1813. JSy The Georgia Legislature, now in ses- p sion, has set apart a new county, from { Lowndes and Thomt s, and given it the name i of Brooks, in honor of the lamented Preston 1 S. Brooks, of South Carolina. The county ? Bite is to be called Qoitman. a Piscellammis $eafomg. From the Charleston News. SENATOR HAMMOND-COLONEL MAXEY GREGG. It will be remembered that few a weeks since we characterized certain letters from a number of gentlemen abont Colombia, written in response to invitations to the Edgefield dinner last summer to General Bonham, as an assault cn Senator Hammond, and an attempt to foist the slave .trade question on the State Rights party. They were from Qen.-Adams, and from^roluoel Gregg, Mr. mayor Tradewell, and Col. Allen Grer? of Columbia; and they were evidently prepared in mntural understanding and objects.? Last week there appeared in Columbia a pamphlet embodying these and other letters, to which was attached a Preface by Colonel Maxey Gregg. Copies of this pamphlet were Inirl nn thp taHpfl of nipmhf rfi of the Le^is lature; and th j Preface alluded to, we submit, proves thi.t our estimate of the movement of these gentlemen was in substance correct. We do not propose to make any issue with Col. Maxey G'egg on principles or parties ?as to those we entirely agree; nor to impute to him any improper design, personal ir political. We know and warmly apprepreoiate the st;rn rectitude and manliness if his character, private and public; so, also, of the other gentlemen. But we cannot jpprove of the mode in which he has sought to enforce his views aod policy. We cannot :onsent to a division and distraction of the State Rights party, where circumstances do lot justify it. We cannot accept his estimate of Senater Hammond's speeches and ibjects. We cannot acknowledge his authority, or that of any set of gentlemen, to istracize from the State Rights party many irho have been its admitted leaders and faith ul servants, because they do not see treason >r folly in Senator Hammond; and we, esiccially, discountenance and resist the atempt. In allusion to that statesman's speech's, he says : " The States Right party icere 7stou,ided." Colonel Maxcy Gregg may have >een astounded; but arc he and his friends riie party ? Did the Hon. Messrs. Rhett, McQueen, Boyce, Keitt, Miles and others, >r the Mercury, News and other papers, ex? i . o mi 1 jress such astomsnment: 1 ney may nave liffered with the Senator on some points, bnt hey concurred with him on fundamemtal ninciplca and leading objects; and even on ioliry they were prepared to disapprove his >r suggest another course, however they may iave entertained varying conjectured opin 'om on either facta or the future. Are these alter gentlemen ftnd papers, of known pubic position and service in the State Bights jarty, no longer to be regarded at members >f or exponents in it! Have they become )rr Nationals, or have they ever failed, and n disregard of party, to raise the voice of ndignationaguinst and of action upon Southtrn wrongs? Colonel Gregg is entitled to lis opinions and to express them, but did he Chairmanship of the Central Committee, o manage the election to a Southern Congress during the days of Secession, entitle lim to read these gentlemen out of the State lights party, in whose ranks they were then eading as well as fighting? Who was the eader?the Hon. R. Barnwell Bhelt or Colonel Gregg ? Colonel Gregg sneers at 'moral victoriesbut in the actual or mor,1 advancement of the cause of our slave in?t-j-t J:J .1. l u:_ ututiOD, wmca uia me most service, mo Chairmanship in 1351 or Hammond's letters oClarkson, the exponent of Exeter Hall? Colonel Gregg repudiates all who have gone vith Orr or who approve the State's going nto party Conventions; but in his letter ou he occasion of the dinner to Gen. Bonham, ie lauds the latter gentleman for his course, lthough he was a member of the very Conention held three years ago at Columbia, vbich he denounces in his "Preface." ne complains of Senator Hammond. For That ? For coalescing -with Col. Orr on Conventions? He intimates it; but the Senator in bis Beech Island Speech directly ounselled that the people of the State should tot merge themselves in or be trammeled or aislead by party, and not to go into party Conventions All the reports of it stated his fact and opinion, and Col. Gregg himelf lieord that speech. For his letter of thanks for an invitation o the Orr Craytonville dinner ? Yes. That ras a short note of political courtesy, eonaining no politics; and surely a politician, lowever differing with nnother in opinions, nay be allowed the privilege of civilty and ompliment to him! And, laying aside Col. Orr's preference for Conventions and lis course for party, what have there been a his votes and speeches in Uongress, which ogether did not constitute fair "political onduct," and which Senator Hammond ould not approve? Allusion is made to the influence upon Senator Hammond of the "atmosphere of Vashington." This is so ungenerous, it lay pass for what it is worth. The Senator is assailed for the declaration f his belief that Southern politicians geneally would not go for a severance of the Jnion, in the event of the election to the 'residency of a Black Republican. But he !id not soy that he himself would not go.? le alluded to the probability of their course, s one of the difficulties with which a State lights statesman, like himself, would have o contend} and as he himself would not like o advise or attempt Secession, until four or ive of the Southern States were ready to aove with South Carolina. And did he not dvise that South Carolina should be always eady to move with them ? But does Col. Gregg directly charge or trove that Senator Hammond approved the Jnion as administered, or that he defended t for itself and in disparagement of our po? itical cause, or that he counselled the slightst submission to any wrong upon the South ought to he perpetrated through it? Ho. Not a word to these effects were ottered or can be found in his speeches. It would have been quoted against him, if there was. On the contrary, the Senator advised Disunion if further or oppressive tariff exactions were put upon the country and the South.? He was for Disunion, if no other efficient means could be had to maintain and preserve the Southern slave institution, and our State Rights either over or under the Constitution. He thought there were other means, "whereby and probably we could win victory in the Union; that he was willing to try them, especially as ice were already in the Union ; but that if they failed, he would insist upon severing tho Union. He thought the means were of such a character, tending to the elevation of our cause, that even failure upon them would leave the South, in herself, stronger and prouder than before, and that with her population, extent and resources, on going out of the Union, she would be a great nation. Now what is there in all this, to which a State Rights man should object 1 Is it not the very substance of our position, of the facts, and of what common sense suggests upon them ? Let those who cavil give us something better.? il 1 l J . * ii tuey nave hoc, ana cannot, it is proot that be bas given ns the best. Do they mean, that they would not fight the battle of the South at all, because at present it must he fouyht in the Union ? Do they meaD, that if a victory could he won in the Union, they would reject, because they would have to accept or retain the Union with it ? Even Disunionismyier sc itself?Disunion /or itself and not slavery alone, should be content with such a victory, rather than risk the difficulties of a severance and of the foundation of a new government. Does Col. Gregg, on the other hand, believe that Senator Hammond, in face of the latter's declaration to the contrary, would not at once go with the South into a separate Republic, if J the- South was ready for and desired it?? ' Or does Col. Gregg think that the Senator should now have advised Secession by South Carolina, without any immediate pretext, as was had in 1851, and when not another | Southern State would approve or go ? Would be have bad him to dwarf himself into a lo- ' cal spouter of "blood and thunder," or to < endeavor to gather to himself the legitimate < influence of a Southern Senator and Statesman, whose counsels should be a part of the destiny of the country? These are all ' pregnant points aDd questions, upon which, 1 we think, Col. Gregg bus not sufficiently 1 pondered. If by r. State Rights man is meant one, who, in addition to well known State Rights principles, is not in policy a Unionist per se, but is ready and disposed for a Southern Confederary when a proper and available crisis arrives, then Senator Hammond is a State Rights man. With a firm conviction that he is, we again invoke the State Rights narfv of Sonth Carolina to remain ' under his banner, and confident inJSsleadership. From the South Cnrolinmu 2ud IdhI. THE ECHO CASE. We, yesterday announced that the Grand ( Jury had returned no bill in the echo case. ( We cannot but think that the effect, both at home and abroad, would have been better, had there a true bill been returned, and the ( whole case been brought up for trial. We believe, as a general rule, the law should be j allowed to take its course. The grave doubts j entertained by many, as well among the opponents as the advocates, for a re-opening of " the slave trade, would then have solved, as every law-abiding citizen should desire?by the proper tribunal. If it be not piracy, by j whom should the legal question be decided more properly than by the Judiciary ? The j framers of the Constitution contemplated the ^ probability of the legislative branch of the Government exceeding its power; and a ? check upon any such assumption, invested the Judiciary with the prerogative of defining and expounding the Constitution. The , ?i it.. suuju wi?c piuvioiuu uuuiauiciizca uuiu cue ^ Federal and our State Government. If a . V right so sacred and responsible, that it was deemed necessary to invest in a body supposed, above all others, to be versed in the laws, and so elected as to be above the influence of popular clamor?if this right be assumed . to the Grand Jury, who are part of the peo- ^ pie and must be influenced by every passing . passion?what becomes of this wise provis- ^ ion of our Constitution, for preserving the consistency of our laws? In any case touching the rights ot a State, our State Judiciary j should be called upon for its constructions, ^ and if it be against the act of Congress, then ^ the citizens of the State is justified in resort- t ing to nullfication. If it be a case in which ^ the right of a State is not infringed, but . which involves an excess of constitutional 8 power, then the Federal Judiciary is the , proper expondcr of whether such legislation ' on the part of CoDgress be constitutional. J Such appear to be the points involved in ^ this Echo case. Has the Government juris- ^ diction over its own flag ? If so, then can ^ that jurisdiction warrant it prohibiting our ^ vessels from engaging in the slave trade, and punishing as pirates those who violate this j prohibition ? The points in the case do not 'nvolve any State rights issue, and are of a character that come clearly within the jurisdiction of the Federal Judiciary, instead of ^ the Grand Jury. If each jury decide for itself, then the a uniformity and consistency of our laws would _ be destroyed. The same offence would be t punished in one district and go unpunished a in another, or punished one year and not D another. Justice, instead of being weighed r in equal and uniform scales, would fluctuate a here and there, as if it might be impelled by 0 the drifting tide of popular feeling. But jj even admitting that it was a case in which g the Grand Jury was allowed a discriminating power, yet still an able discussion of the points, such as would undoubtedly have been < had, would have gone far towards instruot- < ing the publio mind. tl Newspaper Literature.?It must, however, be admitted that both the friends of religion and the advocates of temperance consider their respective causes to have been great gainers directly by the popular press. That they have gained exceedingly by the indirect process cannot be doubted. Upon one class of periodical publications it has not been deemed necessary to dwell, those of the newspaper press; sometimes called the public press, as all other works proceeded from private printing offices. The use of these journals is incalculable; their importance both to the legislature, the courts of justice, the police department, is incontestable; and to the rights and to the lesser interests of the community their value is such as can only be duly estimated in countries which either never enjoyed such advantages, or have lost them through their wilful folly, possibly thesr crimes. But in less important respects these publications are of no little value; they are a source of constant entertainment rational, and even UBefol. "Had I all the money," says one writer, "which I pay in taxes to government, at liberty to lay out upon amusement and diversion, I know not whether I would make choice of any in which I should find greater pleasure." Nor are these the words of ao ignorant or an ordmary person; they are these of a great divine and philosopher; they are Paley's, in his Moral Philosophy. He shows how the newspapers "minister," as he says, "to the harmless gratification of multitudes," and adds that "the secTeoy, the jealousy, the solitude, and precipitation of despotic governments exclude all this" He did not live to see that middle staee between entire exclusion and full possession of which the last seventy years have finished in certain countries a signal example. It would be wrong if we did not advert to the great improvement in one material particular of the newspaper press in our time. The papers which made a traffic of slander have ceased from among us. For a while they acted like a drain to carry off the impurities which had before been diffused over other journals; the good sense, both of the public and literary men, has now filled up a sewer no longer wanted, and, to all appearance, that portion of the press no longer exists.?Lord Brouyham. Politeness in Children.?In the Report of Rev. A. Smith, one of a Committee of Public Schools in Ohio, he says, very sicnificantlv:? <7bat more regard should be manifested by the young to rules of etiquette aud courtesy, must be admitted by every observing mind. There is too little reverence-for age and authority; too slight a respect to respect to the law of both man and God. The transition from boyhood is altogether too rapid, as by the sou is often placed above the parent, and the taught become wiser, in their own estimation, than their teachers. Boys in their undue anzity to become men, are neither men nor boys, but form a new, peculair race.' In a previous part of the Report, he says, jf former times:? 'When, going to or returning from school, the children met any persons who were their elders, they ranged themselves in a line upm one side of the road, and made obeisance. A.nd when out in the streets during their rejess, however vociferously interested in their pastimes, no traveller made his appearance vhose approach did not cause an immediate lush of voices, and suspension of exoitine iporta. The tribute of a bow was cheerfully paid, and not till he had passed beyond their mediate neighborhood, did they resume jlays. When they entered or left the schooloom, when they took and retired from the dace of recitation, the bow and the courtesy vere the preliminary and finale of the perormance. 'Although this practice, in itself considsred, was of little wo.*th, yet as a token of espectfulness, as a sign of good-will, it was >f high value. It was an outward manifesation, a symbol, of an inward state or spirit, rhich it would be well for all to possess, and vhich should be assiduously cnltnred in the ninds of the young. The Age of Man.?But few men die of ge. Almost all die of disappointmnet, pason, mental and bodily toil, or accident.? rhe common expression, "choked with pason," has little exaggeration in it; even hough not suddenly fatal, strong passion hortens life. Strong bodied men often die 'oung; weak men live longer than the strong; or they use their strength, and the weak lave none to use. The latter take care of hemselves, the former do not. As it is with he body, so it is with the mind and temper, rhe strong are apt to break, or, like the canHo mn tlio woftlr Knrw nnf Tlin infovinr UVJ AMU ^ %uv nvuo, l/MAH vv?v? X UU iutvitvi inimals which live, in general, temperate ives, have generally their prescribed terms if years. The horse lives 25 years, ox 15 or !0, the lion about 20, the dog about 10 or .2, rabbit 8, the Guinea pig from 6 to 7.-Chese numbes all bear a similar proportion o the time the animal takes to grow to its ull size, but man of all the animals, is the me that seldom comes up to this average.? ' le ought to live a hundred years according o this pbysological law; for five times twen- ' y are one hundred.?but instead of that, he carcely reaches, on an average, four times lis growing period; the cat six times, and 1 nd the rabbit even eight times the standrd of measurement. The reason is obvious ?man is not only the most irregular, and he most intemperate, but the most laborious nd hard worked of all animls. He is also the 1 aost irritable of all animals; and there is eason to believe, though we cannot tell what 1 n animal secretly feels, that more than any 1 ther animal man cherishes wrath, to keep ' t warm?and consumes himself with the re of his own secret reflections. i ' Whose pigs are those, my lad ?'? 1 Why, they belong to that there big sow.'? ; Bat I mean who is their master V <Why t he little on, air?he's a grand nn to fight ' 1 Phenomena of the Brain.?One of the most inconceivable things in the nature of the brain is, that the organ of sensation should itself be insensible. To out the brain gives no pain, yet in the brain alone resides the power of feeling pain in any other pait of the body. If the nerve which leads from it to the injured part be divided, it beeoipcs equally unconscious of suffering. It ia only by communication with the brain that seMotion is prodocod, yet the organ itself is insensible. Bat there isaoiroumstanoa morewp* aerful still. The brain itself may removed, may be cut away down to the Corpus calaram without destroying life. JDhe ani- 5 mal lives and performs all its functions are neeessary to vitality, but no longer has a mind; it cannot think or feel; it requires that the food be poshed into its stomach; once there, it is digested; and the animal will even thrive and grow fit We infer, therefore, that the parts of the brain, the convolutions, are simply intended for the exercise of the intellectual faculties, wheth| er of the low degree called instinct, or the I exalted kind bestowed on man, the gift ci |reason. HOW QUICK THE CHINESE ARE CIVILIZED.?To see the effect of one's surroundings, says the Philadelphia' Gazette, look at the representative of the central flowery land, who sella cigars on the sidewalk, near the o us torn house. The name of this exotic is Mr. Hang Whang. Mr. Hang Whaog has been in the Cigar trade and the model Republic about fbnr weeks. He made his debut with unmentionables nearest his akin, and his shirt outside?the latest style current in Hong Kong. A week afterwarda he laid aside Chinese trowsexs and took to Market street -pants. The next week he left off his blue frock, and oame oat in dress coat?the tail starcbod so stiff that yoi might use it for a boot-jack. The next change was to purchase a Warburton hat, and convert bis former one into a portable money-drawer. We yesterday found him entirely transmogrified into an anti-Celeetkl ?his Chinese boots traded off for brogans, and his pigtail braided np behind his ears like a bird's nest. Yesterday evening we heard hiut indulging in profanity. If all this don't go to show the advantages of civilization, then what does ? Drop op Watp.r tn a Giippu Pt.ap* ? We were shown, while-attending the animal examination of Union Academy, at Pleasant Ridge, by Dr. I!. F. Bouchelle, one of the most interesting Geologia! cariosities we hare ever seen or read of. It consists of a specimen of'rock of the primitive ordosof formation, and of the pentsedral order of cyrstalixation, containing in its centre a globule of water movable and visible. The water is, if there be any truth in Geology, fa*x more ancient than the waters in the flood of Noab. To use the language or Dr. Bouchelle, "it is a drop of the waters that covered in darkness the face of the great deep, when the earth was without form and void; in other words, this little drop is a portion of the first water that was created daring the six days of Geneses, and became entangled among the particles of the rock daring the act or progress of crystalixation. Thorock being primitive, or the first of oreatioo, the water most also be primitive." Any person wishing to see this Geological wonder, can do so by calling on the Doctor.?Eutaw {Ala.) Observer. Use Plenty or Gravy.?Dr. Dixon, in a late number of the 'Scalpel,' in an article on diet, assumes the position that the 'use of oil would decrease the victims of consumption nine tenths and that this is the whole secret of the use of cod liver oil,' and quotes the following summary observations on the subiect made bv Dr. Hooker. Of all persons at between the ages of fifteen and twenty-two years, more than one fifth eat no fat meat. Of persona at the age of forty-five all excepting lesa than one in fifty, habitually use fat meat. Of persons who, between the ages of fifteen and twenty-two avoid fat meat, a few acquire an appetite for it, and live to a good old age, while the greater portion die with phthisic before thirty-five. Of persons dying with phthisic, between the ages of twelve and forty-five, nine-tenths, at least, have never used fat meat. Most individuals who avoid f?t meat, also use little butter or oily gravies though they should compensate for this want, in part, at least, by free use use of those articles, and also milk, eggs and various saooharine substances. But they constitute an imperfect substitute for fat meat, without whioh sooner or later the body is almost sure to show the effects of deficient calorification. The Yankee Everywhere.?In crossing the plains from Mendoza to St. Louis, South America, Lieut. Strain met an intelligent American who bad crossed the Andes and pushed his way thus far into the unfrequented regions of the South. The pursuit of science, Strain supposed, had led an enthusiastic votary to undertake this distant tour into the semioivilized region. Great was his astonishment to find that the traveler was an agent for an American patent medicine. A Novel Idea.?In view of the large amounta of money which Circus companies realise at their exhibitions, a correspondent of the Wytheville (Vs.) Times suggests, that the Legislature should employ a Circus company to make a tour through the State, md the proceeds to be applied to paying off .he debts of the Commonwealth. ISP" "May I leave some tracts ?" asked a missionary of a lady, who responded to his i nook. "Leave some tracts ??oertainly you may," said she, looking at hia over her spectacles, "leave them with the heel to* ivards the bouse, if ywplaaei" .