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_ _ _ - ^?:~r^?i" ' ? 1 ? ?.. j lewis^ oaisr'pro^ietor } Au Independent Journal i For the Promotion of the Political, Social, Agricultural and Commercial Interests of the South. |?2 peb abhbh, i? adtaics vol! 4 YORKVILLE, S. C., THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 9,1858. . ~ NO. 36. (f Jaree f oflrg. Prom the Texas Republican. 1 THE YOUNG WIPE'S GRAVE. BT HER HrSBAXD. I'm sitting by the grave, Sarah, Thy little silent, peaceful home, The tears are stealing down my cheek? My broken heart still bids them come. I'd thought the fountain would have dried, Since these two months have passed away? They told me time would heal my wounds, But not like yott, they all betray. Onr darling hoy Is sitting near. With little sister by his side, And when he tells her Ma is gone, She asks him why sweet mother died. He's learned the song yon wanted sung, When you were laid within-this tomb, And as he hums it new, I feel, ' I would not lire always" from home. I left our little babe, just now, In dreamy slumbers safe entwined, And as I gaie upon its brow, A happy dream did cross its mind ; It smiled, and oh, such blissful smiles, . May heaven's guardian angels keep,? I saw thine image tremble there, Then Tanish into peaceful sleep. i I thought, perhaps thine image came Stealing on its fancy, sleeping, And its little tongue was dumb, i A smile was fit for a mother's greeting; , But soon this happy moment passed, The pleasing charm went fleeting on, It waked to shed an orphan's tears, . 1 It waked to find its mother gone. I would not wish you back again 1 Upon this heartless world?so cold? 1 For angels should not lire on Earth, When God has sanctified our souls; But I would have thy spirit come?? ( Its sweet directions ever giving, i And lead me safely through this earth, To dwell with God and thee in Heaven. Marshall, May 2Gth, 185W. Original f rfick. ; 1 ______ ! For the Yorkville Enquirer. ERRORS EXAMINED. Mr. Editor:?You will recollect sir, that i "A Presbyterian" has affirmed, that "God ] has given to all his creatures laws, in forms i other than written in the Holy Bible;" the ( which he says are as much the laws of God < as is his revelation of the Holy Bible. He ] holds that these arc of equal authority as a j rule for moral obligation on man as is the < Bible. I have denied, and I do now deny the truth of this, bis proposition. , "A Presbyterian" appeals for the proof . of this, his proposition, to the Holy Bible, j to the Presbyterian Confession of Faith, to , the published opinions of some certain Di- ( vines, and to a certain Preamble to a Con- f stitution of a total abstinence Temperance : - t* r\ t _ ... \ Society, dated about tne year or uur ijora ( 1830, as bis witnesses in his behalf. . In my communication to you of Aug. 26, ( I proved conclusively by the Holy Scrip- i tures, by the Presbyterian Confession of ] Faith, and by every Christian denomination among us; that "the revealed will of God J is the rule?the only rule of moral obliga- t tion on man." And in my last of Sept. 2, ] I considered the claims of "A Presbyterian" t for proof from the Scriptures, as quoted by t him, viz: 1. Cor. 11:13, 14; Rom. 2:13, i 14, 15; and Eph. 6:1, together with the s opinion of Mr. Scott on Eph. 6:1. I here j proceed to the consideration of his proof, ( professedly derived from the remainder of t his witnesses, viz: The Confession of Faith, < certain Divines, and a certain Preamble to a c Constitution of a total abstinence Temper- \ ance Society. i 2nd. Confession of Faith. "A Presbyte- i rian" says of my proposition for a moral ob- < ligation thus. "This proposition still re- i stricts duty [moral duty] to <t written rule, < [in the Bible] notwitstanding the Presbyte- ] rian Confession of Faith says,?[says what ?] j there are some circumstances concerning the ; worship of God, and the goveonment of the 1 Church, common to human actions and societies, which are to be ordered according ( to the light of nature [reason in man,] and | Christian prudence." i I answer. True. But, Mr. Editor, in so < saying, the Confession of Faith does not set ^ lirrTif nf mtnrn nnit Phridf.l.in T>ril- 1 "F ?? ?-? - ? r-_ dence" as a rule for moral obligation, equal ' in authority before God as is the Bible ; but ] on the other hand, it goes on to say of this '> <*ordering" in the same connection; that 1 this is to be done [How?] according to the general rules of the word [the Bible,] whioh [ordering] is always to be observed." chap. < 1: seo. 6. Here, Mr. Editor, we have a i rule in the Confession of Faith regulating i the rule of "A Presbyterian," viz: The will i of God written in the Bible. 1 Again. The Confesston of Faith says, i "The very light of nature in men, and the 1 works of God, declare plainly that there is a God; but his word [the Bible,] and his Spirit, do sufficiently and effectually reveal him unto men for their salvation. Larger Catechism, Quest. 2. Again. It says, "The word of God which is contained in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, is the only rule to di- i rect us how we may glorify and enjoy him 1 [God]. Shorter Catechism, Quest. 2. ] Again. It says, "The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the word i of God, the only rule of faith and obedience. 1 Larger Catechism, Quest. 3. So then, Mr. < "Ci ? it. n?nfftflo!An nf fVtftf i JYiltur, llie vyuuic?iuu vt ? ?>- , "the will of God as revealed in the Bible iB the rule?the only rule of moral obligation on man." And proves for me to the very letter, and exactly contrary to the teachings of "A Presbyterian." 3rd. Certain Divines. "A Presbyterian" here has a strange fancy, to quote in very short extracts, from the writings of men, and that too when writing on other subjects than the one here under discussion, as authority sufficient to erect a rule for moral obligation, not found written in th$ Bible; and of equal authority with the Bible. To this end he quotes Mr. Thomas Scott, in his Commentary on Epb. 6:1, (see ScotVi Bible, vol. 6.) which, Mr. Editor, has already passed in review before you in its more proper connection. (See my last communication.) To the same end he quotes the works of Bishop Butler, Messrs. Thornwell, Alexander, Jay, Thomson, Tulloch, and Hamilton in very short extracts. I answer. It is unheard of until now, in the history of the Protestant Churches, that the opinions of men, Synods, or Counsels ; even when expressed at full length, in plain and unequivocal language, be set up as a warrant, for a rule of moral obligation, independently of the Holy Scriptures; and of equal authority with the Scriptures. The Scriptures declare against it. See 1. Cor. 2:5; 2. Cor. 1:24; Eph. 2:20; Acts 17 :11. Every reformed Christian Church nn onrfh ilpnlnrea nwninRt it. fSee all Con fessions.) The Confession of Faith of the Presbyterian Church saj9 of this, "The supreme judge, by whom all controversies in religion are to be determined," * * * "doctrines of men, and private spirits are to be examined" &c., * * * "can bo no other but the Holy Spirit speaking in the Scriptures. Chap. 1: sec. 10; chap. 31: sec. 3, 4. Romanists only'tolerate the contrary. So then, the works of these authors, even though they plainly taught the doctrine of "A Presbyterian," are incompetent on their own authority to erect a rule for moral j obligation, not written in the Bible. Moreover. In all coutfoversios, to be decided by appeals to books, the titles of the books, the names of the authors, chapter, or page, ought to be quoted, so that a cj-oasexamination may be had of them; otherwise, extracts from them are only here-sat/, and is no testimony. In this case, "A Presbyteriin" has rritrpn in the title* nnlv in mrt of the ? ?J ? r ? bookstand he has given in the names of authors for the most part only, without the titlos of the book, or chapter, or page, whence he derived his extracts; his readers therefore, have not his witnesses made competent to prove; nor can they verify the extracts he has made. They do not know often times, nor can they find by his showing, whether the authors quoted do speak in their own books, what they are made to say in your columns Mr.. Editor. Remember Mr. Scott's :ase on Eph. 6:1, where he was made by [<A Presbyterian" to prove what he does not prove. No reliance, therefore, can be placed In his showing of the authors, whom lie has quoted in short extracts in this matter. Mr. Editor, when "A Presbyterian" was nost in need of Scripture proof, and needed tid from the Confessiou of Faith to prove for lim, he said in good faith to you sir, "1 will lot at this point in my examination of the ixtraordinary avowal [of E. A. Crenshaw,] idduce any passages of Scripture, embarrassng only for their number [even to be cited,] ;o confirm the reverse [to E. A. Crenshaw's imposition;] or, refer to the Presbyterian Confession of Faith, and Catechism; but, vill give only a single remark from Bishop Butler." I answer. Well done! Bishop Butler! Bishop Butler!! Amazing. He did choose .o pass by Scripture, and the Confession of Faith, Mr. Editor, for proof for a rule of nl.l!/?nfiAn t?Af txrrifrfon in flit* Snnn. uwiai yju..K?uuu uU, ? r ure; and that too when combatthig one who s a Presbyterian, in order to iutroduce "a lingle remark from Bishop Butler," who is in Episcopalian, and when writing on a diferent subject. How doyou&noic Mr. Edior, that what "A Presbyterian here professid to have extracted from the book, or books )f Bishop Butler, is in fact his language to pou in this matter ? Bishop Butler wrote nore books than one, yet ere "A Presbyte ian" has not afforded to you the title, page, jhapter, nor any thing else about it. True jrou have his word for what he says of it;, ind so you had his word for what he said of Mr. Scott. You cannot Joiotr by his showing here, whether that "single remark from Bishop Butler," stands in his Analogy, bis Sermons, or where else; or whether "A Presbyterian" has made to you a showing jf his oic7i composition, or whether he extracted this out of some Almanac. Mr. Editor, do you believe him about his "passages >f Scripture," and about his "Confession of Faith, and Catechism ?" I do not believe him acre. Had he had one text of Scripture, or vie sentence from the Confession of Faith to prove for him, he was bound as a Christian, ind as a Presbyterian, to give in these, rather than "a single remark from Bishop Butler" in this case. Besides. As for picking, culling, and garbling extracts from non-cited books, I :an so extract from books, as to affirm for al most any thing at all. Thus in Mat. 27 : 5, it is said of Judas that he "went and hanged himself;" now putthisto the words "go and do thou likewise," (Luke 10 : 37,) and we have a better made out rule from Scripture, for the crime of suicide, than (tA Presbyterian" has with his garbled extracts, for his moral rule not written in the Scriptures.? Here we have even the means of finding out this error for a suicide in a cross-examination; but with his extracts we can do nothing, for want of knowing where to find them; at least in almost all the cases. And that is about the sum and substance of the manner of proof he has afforded in his extracts. 4. Preamble. To cap the climax of witnesses, "A Presbyterian" has introduced here, a certain Preamble, to a Constitution of a Total Abstinence Temperance Society, dated about 1830. Unto what end ? I answer. In order to set up a rule for moral obligation, not written in the Scriptures. He plays off largely on the word "duty" as contained in the said Preamble, and calls it "moral duty, moral obligation" &c. Of this I have to say. This is imcompe tent to prove a moral obligation, on men who never promised obedience to its Constitution. Nor is it of itself a rule of moral obligation to any man, for the reason that it | does not express the will of God. Inasmuch as I have no doubt, that this Preamble is offered here mainly in order to convict me, of inconsistency in my views of moral obliga-1 tioa od all Christians, in becoming members I | of a Temperance Society, A. D. 1830, whei i compared to the same thing in 1858, I fui | thersay in good faith, that I became a total j abstainauce man, from and after the day o the death'of Col. Rob.t' Clcndinen,in 1829 ' ; and tbis T did irrespective of all Temperanc : Societies; and I had connection with n Temperance Society for many years afte 1830; and never with that one of which thi I Preamble speaks. So then, "A Presbyteri j an," when he wanted a fact, has inferred I fact on false premises, on which to croak j He should take all this back again, and blusl for shame. So then, all whioh he here ha written for me, has nothing in it for mj benefit. Now Mr. Editor, I have considered tb evidence in both its aspect", for and agains my proposition, that "the will of God as re vcalcd in the Bible, is the rule?the nnh rule of moral obligation on man." If I hav not done this in as able a manner as some oth er hand could have done it; jet, I think have done it in a manner becoming thegrari tj of my subject; and not as "A Presbyte rian" does his work?by round assertions unwarrantable inference, and, abuses o teachings. And until "A Presbyterian' does overthrow what I here have written, J will regard his work demolished. "The se cret things belong to the Lord our God; bu those things which are rem?/ry/belongimtoui and to our children for ever ; that we may d< all the words of this law. Deut. 29 : 29. So then; the "mountain" which at th< first was in hard labor, and brought forth t 'mousehas now Mr. Editor, been fon\ weeks longer in hard labor?in the ven pangs, and at the last, has given birth to no a mouse only, but to a very little, weeny, teeny deformed, dead mouse. Mr. Editor, who is this very smart man? *L: ii ,, k )> luiw iuiiu iu i,ue wwus-"";i x icsujici tun I know not who he is; but I guess he is no one of any of the Christian denomination! among us; nor a Jew, nor exactly of the Devil's church. Who is he ? I guess he L one who has declined the jurisdiction of the visible Church of Christ. I guess he standi alone, *ui generis, (one of his own sort.) 1 guess he is the same person as is ''Poleraon.' I guess he is Colonel . I well nigl said it. E. A. CRENSHAW. [TO HE CONTINUED.] pktJJatM pacing. THE MILITIA SYSTEM. [We take the subjoined well-timed anc sensible article from a late number of the Lexington Flag. It purports to be a peti tion to the Legislature; and we would be much pleased to see a move made in Yorl District, having the same end in view.? This is the only public duty required by the State which we think ouerous and oppressive, and simply from the fact that we regard the System as entirely useless. It is use ful to no class of our citizens unless it be the office-seekers. Why should the manj be taxed for the.few? But read the arti cle.] * We, the undersigned, citizens of Lexington District, respectfully petition your Hon orable body to-free us from the onerous anc odious exactions of the existing Militia sys tern. We have been burdened with its require ments fully long enough to know, most cer tainly, that practically it does not answei the end for which it was originally designed: and are fully satisfied, that instead of fostering a military spirit, it only demoralizes the people, and brings the military into ridiculous contempt. We believe that a simple enrollment 01 our own effective force would be amply suffi cient for all practicle purposes, without an} such mockery as Company, Battallion, 01 Regimental parades, and we earnestly urge upon the consideration of your Honorable Body, the propriety and expediency of, al least, so modifying the System as to dis pense with all parades known as Militic trainings. If your Honorable Body deem it condu cive to the public welfare, and promotive oi State pride, and honor, at home and abroad, ' to create Militia officers of the differentgrudes, we can only express our entire willingness tc -1 - Li .1 ? ?r, elect tueiu, at nui u nuic.-i an jr um uvnumuic Body may deem best; and further, that they shall be empowered to muster themselves, and all who will voluntarily join them, as Jnn<t and as often as they please. In lieu of the present plan, we ask a more perfect organization of the Volunteer System, believing, that with a proper exemption of its members from other public duties, sue! system would draw out a sufficiency of mil itary talent for the State's defence in anj emergency. The cost attending the different paradee under the present arrangement, is at least double that now expended by the State in Free School Education, and leaves to the people no adequate result for good?nc equivalent for the time and money thus uselessly wasted; and we appeal to your Honorable Body, by every consideration of dutj and patriotism, to give us ample and adequate relief: And your petitioners will ever pray &e. t&~ Punch states there are two taxes thai i would be cheerfully submitted to?a tax or Koontv and a tax on intellect. He adds: The beauty tax would be cheerfully paid by all ladies, even by those who might be exempted, either from old age, obliquity ol vision, freckles, or any other qualification j and intellect tax would meet with the same large success amongst men. You would find intellectual dwarfs and pigmies?persons who believe in the lies of quack doctors, 01 put faith in the prospectuses of bubble banks and cheap cloths (the one bursting just at n quickly as tlio other) aD(l the like class of weak niiuded fools and idiots?all paying I- their contributions with a smiling countenf ance, sooner than be suspected of possessing ; no intellect at all. 1 e j ??" ? o Many persons think of Hood only as r a maker of puns, forgetting that the necess sities of his life forced him to the manufac1 ture of what he could dispose of at the a highest market price. Here is a specimen of his genuine poetry: fi BTJTH. 9 DT THOMAS HOOT). j She flood breast high amid the corn, Clasped by the golden light of morn, Like the sweet heart of the sun. * Who many a glowing kiss naa won. 0.1 her cheek rtn Autumn flush Deeply ripened?such a blush, / In the midst of brown was bom e Like red poppies grown with corn. * Round her eyes her tressep fell, ' Which were blackest none could tell, But long lashes veiled a light Which had else been all too bright. > And her hat, with shady brim, f Made her tressy forehead dim? i Thus she stood amid the stooks, Praising God with sweetest looks I Sure, I snid, Heaven did not mean t Where I reap thou shouldstbut glean, Lay thy sheaf adown and come 3 Share my harvest and my "home. j mn STEPHEN GIRARD. } A recent number of the Household Words i contains the following sketch of Stephen i* Girard: j In 1812 Stephen Girard, the one eyed cabt in hoy of Bordeaux, purchased the banking , premises of the Bank of the United States (whose charter was not renewed) and stnrted - the Girard Bank, a large private establish' ment, which not only conferred advantages t on the community greater than the State t institution upon which it was founded, but ? tpbilp flip nnhlin credit, was shaken, and the i Government finances were exhausted by war, i the Girard Bank conld command large pub) scriptions of loan, and put itself in the posi[ tion of the principal creditor of the country. ' In 1814 Girard subscribed the whole of a ? large Government loan from patriotic motives ; in 1817 he contributed by his unshaken credit and undiminished funds, to bring about the resumption of specie payments.? i In 1831 his operations, were so extensive that when the country was placed in extreme embarrassment from the scarcity of money ' by reason of the balance of trade being . against it, he was enabled by a single transaction with an eminent English firm, to I turn the exchanges and cause specie to flow into the States. To add to bis singular and deficient character, he was deaf in one ear, could only 5 speak broken English, never conversed up: on any thing but business, and wore the . same old coat cut in the French style, for , five years together. An old rickety chair, remarkable for its age, and marked with the 1 initials'S. G.,' drawn by a faded borse, wag 1 used when he rode about the city. IIo had no seuse of hospitality, no friend to share , his house or his table. He was deferential in appearance to rank and family ; violent and passionate only to one man?an old and ' faithful clerk named Robergot. His theological opinions were herctodox in the ex. treme, and he loved to name his splendid . vessels after Voltaire and Rousseau. He I was devoted to the improvement of his adop. ted city and country; he was a determined follower of ostentatious charity. No man . ever applied to him for a large public grant . in vain, while the starving beggar wasinvar riable sent from his gate. He steadily rose ; ever morning before tbe lark, and unceasing . was the daily worship of his life, i Stephen Oirard began his remarkable tra ding career with one object, which he steadily kept in view all his long life?the making f of money for the power it conferred. He . .was content, at starting with the small profits r of the retail trader, willing to labor in any r capacity to make these profits secure. He s practiced the most rigid personal economy, i he resisted all the allurements of pleasure; t he exacted the last farthing that wasdue him, . and he paid the last farthing that he owed, i He took every advantage the law allowed him in resisting a claim; he used men just so far as they would accomplish his purpose; f he paid his servants no more than tho mar, ket price; when a faithful cashier died, he , exhibited the utmost indifference, making no ? provision for his family, and uttering no sentiment of regret for his loss. He would higgle for a penny with a huckster in the [ street; he would deny the watchman at his r I bank the customary Christmas present of a great, coat. ! Thus he attained his eighty-second year. . In 1830, he had nearly lost the sight of his i one eye, and used to be seen groping about i his bank, disregarding every offer of assis tance. Crossing one of the Philadelphiaroads, ' he was knocked down by a passing wagon, his face was bruised, and his right ear was i nearly cut off. Ilis one eye, which before ; opened slightly was now entirely closed ; he i gradually wasted, away, and his health dei clined. On the twenty-sixth of December, ? Stephen Girard expired in a back room, on the third floor of his house, in Water street, . Philadelphia, leaving the bulk of his large r fortune, upwards, of a million sterling, to found charities, and to benefit the city and the country in which he had acquired it. ----- , He left his monument in tne ixirara uoilege, that marble-roofed palace for the edu< cation and protection of the orphan children i of the poor, which stands the most perfect model of architecture in the New World, 1 high above the buildings of Philadelphia, visible from every eminence of the surroundf ing country. Eveiy detail of the external i arrangement of his Orphan College was set - forth clearly and carefully in his will; show1 ing that the design upon which he had lav! ished the mass of his wealth was not the hasty ' developed fancy of a few hours or days, but > was the heart-oherished, silent project of hii ' whole life. CROMWELL'S HEAD. A correspondent of the New York R: prc*s writes: Before leaving England I had an oppo tunity of seeing a great curiosity, a relic < antiquity, which few Englishmen have seei You will be surprised and perhaps incredi i lous, when I say I have seen the head of O j iver Cromwell?not the mere skull, but tli head entire, and in a state of remarkabl preservation. Its history is authentic, an there is verbal and historical evidence t place the thing beyond cavil. Cromwe died at Hampton Court, in 1658, giving th | strongest evidence of his earnest teligioi 1 convictions, and of his sincerity as a Chrt tian. After an imposing funeral pagean tho body having been embahned, he w: buried in Westminister Abbey. On th restoration of the Stuarts, he was taken u and hung in Tyburn.. Afterward his hea was cut off, a "ike driven up and throug the neck" and xull, and exposed on Wes minister Hall. It retaained there a Ion while, until, by some violence, the pike ws broken and the head thrown down. It wt picked up by a soldier and concealed, an afterv ?rd conveyed to some frifend, whokej it caiotully tor years, xnrougna successio of families, which can easily be traced, has come into the possession of the daughtt of Hon. Mr. Wilkinson, ex-member of Pai liament from Buchingham and Bromley. 1 was at the residence of this gentleman that saw the head, and his daughter, a lady t fine manners and great culture, exhibited i to llev. Mr. Yerrell, the pastor of the Bron ley Dissenting Chapel, and myself. This head of Cromwell is almost entin The flesh is black and sunken, but the fei tures are nearly perfect, the hair still r? maining, and even the large wart over on of his eyes?such being a distinctive mar on his face?is yet perfect visible. The pik wbieh was thrust through the neck still r< mains, the upper part of iron, nearly ruste off, and the lower wooden portion iu .split ters, showing that it was broken by some at of violence. It is known historically tha Cromwell was emblamed, andneperson thu cared for was ever publicly gibbettcd, exeep this illustrious man. In addition to th most authentic records concerning the hea possessed by the family, and which I hav found sustained by historical works, and eve an old manuscript in the British Museuu Mr. Flanman, tike distinguished sculptoi once cave it as his opinion that this wa none other than the head of Oliver Cron well. Yet its existence seems-almost ur known in England, and only a few yeai ago a discussion in some of the public joui nals, which I have seen, alternately deaie and advocated it. Such a rumor was in cii culation, and as no oue had theu seen th head, it having been kept concealed, non could speak by authority. Recently th motive for concealment has passed away, an permission to see it was carefully granted It is a curious keepsake for a lady, but it i carefully preserved under lock and key in box of great antiquity, wrapped in a nuro ber of costly envelopes, and when it is raise* from its hiding place and held in one's hand what a world of thought is suggested. THE OLD AND YOUNG. A habit which is considerably prevalen in almost every family, of allowing childrci to sleep with older persons, has ruined th nervous vivacity and physical energy of mau; a promising child. Those having dear oh friends, whose lives they would wish to per petnate at the sacrifice of innocent offspring alone should encourage this evil; but ever parent who loves his child, and wishes b preserve to him a sound nervous system with which to buffet successfully tbe cares sorrows, and labors of life, must see to it that his nervous vitality is not absorbed b; some diseased or aged relative. Children, when compared with adults, ar electrically in a positive condition. Thi rapid changes which are going on in thci little bodies abundantly generate and as ex tensively work up vital Dervo-elcctric fluids But when by contact, for long nights, witl elder and negative persons, the vitalizin; electricity of their tender organizations i absorbed, they soon pine, grow pale, langui< and dull, while their bed companion feels i correspondent invigoration. King David the Psalmist, knew the effect of this prac tice, and when he became old, got certaii young persons to sleep with him, that hi days might be lengthened. Dr. Ilufeland the German physiologist, attributes the fre quent longevity of schoolmasters to thei daily associations with young persons. Invalid mothers often prolong their exis tence by daily contact with their children AYe once knew a woman who, by weak lungi and mineral doctors, had been prostratec with incurable consumption. Her infan occupied the same bed with her, almost con stantly, day and night. The mother lin gered on the verge of the grave, her demise being hourly expected. Still she lingered on, daily disproving the prediction of medi ct\l attendants. The child, meanwhile, pinec without aDy apparent disease. Its once fai little cheeks fell away with singular rapidity till every bone in its face was visible. Fi nally it had imparted to the mother the lust spark of vitality, and simultaneously botl died. We saw it recently stated in a news paper that a man in Massachusetts had livec forty days without eating anything, durin? which period be had been nourished by t little cool water, and <by the influence ab sorbed by him while daily holding the banc of bis wife.' Swearing.?The absurdity and utter fol ly of swearing is admirably set forth in th< following anecdote of Beelzebub and hi; imps: The latter went ont in the murderers, an other the liars, and another the swearers etc. At evening they stopped at the moutl of a cave. The question arose among then who commanded the meanest set of men.? The subject was debated at length, but with oat coming to a decision. Finally, his Sa tanic Majesty was called upon to decide r matter in dispute Whereupon, he sa The murderer got something for killing, r- thief for stealing, and the liar for lying,' of the swearer was the meanest of all, he scr i. without pay.' They were his majesty's I x- subjects; for while they were costless, tl 1- name was legion, aud presented the larg le division in his (Satan's) employ. Ie d ORIGIN OP BRANDY. ;0 Brandy began to be distilled in Frai H about the year 1313, but it was prepa; 1C only us a medicine, and was considered a possessing; such marvellous strengthen s. aud sanitary powers that the physicians n: ed it 'the water of life" (I'eau i?Y,)a na ls it still retains, though now rendered, by e cessive potations, one of life's most pow p ful and prevalent destroyers. Raymond L d ly, a disciple of Arnold do Villa Nova, c h sidered this admirable essence of wine to t. an emanation from Divinity, and that it i g intended to reanimate and prolong the 1 is of man. lie even thought that this disc ts ery indicated that the time had arrived d the consummation of all things?the end )t the world. Before the means of determin; n the true quantity of alchohol in spirits w it known, the dealers were in the habit of c ?r -ploying a very, rude method of forming a r- tiou of the strength. 4 .given quantity [t the spirits was poured upon a quantity I gunpowder in a dish and set on tire. If )f the end of the combustion the guupowi it continued dry enough, it exploded, but i i. had been wetted with water in the spir the dame of the alcohol went out withi ? i settinc the Dowder on fire. This was cal! i- the proof. Spirits which kindled gunpowt ?. were said to be above proof. e From the origin of the term 'proof/ it k obvious that its meaning must at first hi e been very indefinite. It could serve only point out those spirits which are too weak d kindle gunpowder, but could not give any i. formation respecting the relative strength it those spirits which were above proof. E\ the strength of proof was not fixed, becai s it was influenced by the quantity of spii )t employed?a small quantity of weaker sj e it might be made to Bindle gunpowder, wh d a greater quantity of a stronger might fi e Clarke, in his hydrometer, which was invi n ted about the year 1730, fixed the strenf if of proof spirits on the stem at the spec: r> gravity of 0.920 at the temperature of 60 < lH grees. This is the strength an which pr i- spirit is fixed in GreatvBritianby act of P i. liament, and at this strength it is no nn 3 than a mixture of 49 pounds of pure alcol r- with 51 pounds of water. "Brandy, rum, g d and whisky contain uearly similar prop r- lions.?Scientific American. ? ? OBITUARY POETRY. Charles H. Smith will be no more. e With us upon his native shore, d lie's left his tender parents dear, | Brothers and sister.- which were near. lS* He to the river did repair a To bathe and for church prepare. Soon, in the water he was found, . j Life was extinct, and he was drowned, d I Friends, and physicians soon wjre therp. Bestowed on him the best of care. But all was done could not avail, Alas! who can with death prevail ? t He was one and twenty years of aire, When called to leave this mortal stage. Of two sisters he had been bereft, 6 He's gone to them a sick one left. j Description of Great Salt Lake. . A letter to the Rome (N. Y.) Sent in f from Salt Lake City, Utah give9 the folio p log description : 'The lake is on the w< 0 side of the valley, 80 miles long, 40 mil } wide, without sink or outlet. The deepi water is 41 feet, interspersed with islam t mostly at the north end, two at the south en p one twenty miles long the other 15. On t cast island brother Parr keeps a head e some fine cattle, a fine ranche, plenty, u water, plenty of wood. The west isla r (Stanbury's) has very little wood and fre . water, but fine grass; cattle summer a . winter on these islands, making the fatti \ beef I ever saw. I have boiled salt at t 1 south end of the lake, called Black Ro( s for five years. There is on a mountain soi 3 40 miles north, bordering on the lake, a i amount of copperas and alum. Three yei } ago ('54") three pails of water made one . salt. The lake has risen seven feet in fi i years. It now takes nearly five pails of wnl 3 to make one of salt?so that not much si f makes on the beach now. Four years ag< . loaded a wagon in two hours, with a9 han r some coarse salt as you ever saw, and as go quality. The water is impregnated wi . glauber salts, lime, copperas, alum, muri . tic acid, &c., &c. The salt springs issue frc 5 the foot of the mountains. There is not I pure fresh water spring on the whole of t t south end. The spring which we use frc . is too much flavored to suit strangers. . is a wild romantic place, but I love it; it > my home?we were driven from our hom I by a band of ruffians, that would give us i . rest day or night. Here we can sleep sweet I amid the dashing of waves, the howl of tl t wolf, and the grisly bear, aud the yell of tl r savage." t Something to Feel Glad Aboet.i Sitting in our sanctum, says the editor of tl Leavenworth Times, now some years pm I on a cold and blustering autumn day, r ; were attracted by the entrance of a brigl l eyed, thoughtful little boy, but thinly cla - who told the story of 'no father?family sn 1 ?out of emplopment,' &c. "We were fii disposed to express a mock sympathy, ai say we could do nothing; but the boy'slarj . eyes were so swimming with tears, and 1 i so trembled from hand to foot, while his co j duct and demeanor bore such an impress truthfulness and sincerity, that we could n . find itin our heart to speak harshly, and fins , ly dismissed him with quite a handsome I i tie sum, contributed in the main by our pri i ters?who, by the way, arc proverbial, t' . world over for their generosity. The next evening we were somewhat at . prised to find the little fellow hanging dil the dently about our office door. This time, id : however, his eyes were bright with happineqs, the and a sweet smile played over and lit up his but handsome features. We asked him to come red in, tut he merely stepped forward timidly, test so as to catch our ear, and earnestly though icir stuteringly whispered, 'Mamma prayed for ;est you last night/ and then disappeared as noiselessly as he had come. Thank God thought we, for that rasher's prayer ! And though years have passed i?fn?? Qce then?though we have hustted through noisy red incidents, and mingled in life's struggles,,** aH we are all forced to da?a remembrance oh l0S 'Mamma prayed for yoa,' still sounds as :ni* sweetas when it first fellftwnthe lips of that me innocent boy. ' ?i' "T er. From the Spirit of the Age. u'* TO MMBMBfl on Of (he Masonic- ffciftciinity in North Carobe Una, South Q<$oUna ami Virginia^ vas ? life Female Nobmal School, Hjok Pojxt, IT, C. qV. Augnst loth, I808. for Brethren:?I would respectfully call of your attention to theabove School, and state [ng that I desire your co-operatiou in ihb work ere of educating such of the destitute f<?B&?le ;tn- orphans, or children df Masons as wish Uffya do- teachers. I am willing to admit tweuty-fire of such young ladies and credit them with the of entire amount of tuition until they can teach at and pay it. I would therefore enquire^ 1st. dcr Whether you can sendany such to my school, f it and give or loan them the amountjDjfeoossary its, for their expenses of board, boohs,Xo%And, out 2nd. Whether 1 could probabl^^'purc in led your vicinity paying pupils, whose pitronage Jer would aid me in accomplishing the abovd work. Any aid you can individually reoder is ip this way will be thankfnlly received. I .u: 1 J IY? aui uuv? aiuiug social ui iuc ucsfivutc ui* to pbans and daughters of' Masons, as well as : to others, and wHl continue to do so, as fur as in- ray means and patronage wiH justify, of Yours Fratgtnally, ren " Wm. J^l&NGDON, Proprietor. ^ 'What's in a Name?'?Everything we !6 may say. Charles Lamb understood this matter, when, speaking of/giving, children ' fl ugly Christian names, he said: ~fDpu't ATro11 ' demus a map,into nothing.' A boy?s name has more to do with his happiness ao?|Drofl. ^ perity than we are apt to imagine. AVjj; j c minative, ill-sounding cognomen has many a poor fellow in the background &U Mg \ 00 days; and an unlncky nickname, applied to \ ar" the wearer by the caprice or malice of his ^ fellows, not unfrequently affects his peace .0 and respectability through life. We once 1D' knew a roan whose real bona-fde name was or* Stoffle Sickle. lie was called'StofF Pickle/ for short. Well, what of him ? He was a 'nobody' of course, and his whole history 'nix.' Reader, if you are young (as we hope you are,) and married (as yop ought to he.') and should have sons and daifchters. ~ " " rp -- ' remember that much depends on naming them properly. Beware of top-heavy names ?such as Byron, and Washington, and Sbakspeare?which only serve to belittle the wearer. Better by half call them all John and Mary, and then number them as they de steamboats in the West, (five them good, plain, manly, spelling-book titles, and tben if any man 'nicknames' yonr child prosecute I him for slander. A Kiss that Didn't Pay.?The Toledo Rrcord gets off a good one in regard to a ~~ citizen of Iowa, whose wife, in his absence, ' had been kissed by a drover, while giving a w" glass of water. When he heard of the outj58* rage, be started at once in pursuit, found es the lover after a hard day's ride, and accused ?st him of the theft. '' } *8? The drover admitted the truth of the soft impeachment?said he had been a long time he from home, was sorely tempted, and in - an unguarded moment of frenzy purloined the kiss, but that lie had not damaged the woDd man in the smallest particular?was very s" sorry?thought it was no matter to make a great ado about, and therefore begged to be ?8t excused. e The husband finally concluded that this !*> was the right view of the matter, and agreed ne to settle it upon the receipt of $5 for bis day's ride. This being satisfactory, the droirs ver handed over a 810 bill and received $5 in change. But when the aggrieved beneve diet returned home and consulted his detec:?r J tor, he found the bill a counterfeit. He 1,1 found be bad suffered tbe indignity of hav} * ing his wife kissed by a nasty drover, passed one day in tbe saddle and lost five dollars, 0(* and concluded that it didn't pay. th - ? ? 1 ~. ia- A New Use foe Cbinoline.?Hoop >m skirt are as useful as they are ornamental, a A youDg lady entered a house in Clinton he Avenue a few days since. She remained im about an hour endeavoriug to obtain money It to build a school-house. During her stay in is the parlor the lady of the house went up cs stairs. When she came back she missed her no gold watch. She charged the young lady ly. with having it. Young lady denied the be charge and offered to 'sink.' No use. Lady' he of the house insisted on a search. Lady of the house went ahead and found the watch on a little hook fastened to one of the youug ? lady's crinoline skirt. Fastened to the same he were three lockets and a little bag filled with it, all kinds of nick-nackeries, whian young lave dy doubtless stole at some other house. Lady niion 1/miLtcad ftia narlat find Ifl IV V. ?VUU UDU1VUB.VU ? d, pmpuit of Capt. Brennan. During her ab2k sence young fkdy lifted a window sash and st made good her escape. Progressive world id this.?Albany Knickerbocker. ^ Saucy Thieves.?Some geese-fanciers q broke into a poultry-yard belonging to a Mr. j, Wtit?, and carried off a dozen fat geese, and . left the following effusion, accompanied by ^ a shilling, tied to the seek the -old gaader, who was supposed ta be tod tough for any market: , ; . "Mr, White, hfr. White, De We bid you good night, For we eannbt stay any longer i ir. , We have boughtwll your gene,