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Scraps # Jfarfs* Complaint is made in some parts of Alabama and Georgia, that the red rust is seriously injuring the cotton. ?;? We learn from the Cincinnati Gazette, of the 17th instant, that Mrs. Harrison, widow of President Harrison, was very ill at the resident of her son, the Hon. J. Scott Harrison, about twenty miles from Cincinnati. It was feared that the venerable lady would not survive many hours. "... I The accounts from some soctions of Virginia and North Carolina, relative to the corn crops are very distressing. The dorn is drying up, and large fields will prove almost worthless,. A good rain would be too late for many fields; bot would save others from utter ruin. The Philadelphia North American says the fall styles of ladies' bonnets will be graced with clusters of artificial currants, fox grapes, cherries and other fruits done in glass of the least possible thickness. The Bew bonnet is an unique affair, resembling a cabbage leaf trimmed with tomatoes. : If is said that one of the editors of the Lewisburg Chronicle, soon afterhe went to learn the printing business went to see a preacher's daughter. The next time he attended meeting, he wa9 considerably astonished at hearing the -minister announce as his text, 'My daughter is grievously tormented'with a devil.' The 16th of August, on which, the first telegraphic message was sent across the ocean, is a memorable day in American annals. On that day, in 1519, Cortez set out on his expedition to Mexico; in 1777, the battle of Bennington, and in 1780 the battle of Camden were fought, and in 1825 the Northern Sea wr.s discovered by Capt. Franklin . _ tv_ ? ? , UT. luuisouvuvr e uovr ajrstcut ui oiwi' ance of Amputation in cases of injured limbs, has been presented to the Acederaifc de Medicine, at Paris,.and is said to have been tried in various hospitals with success. The invention consists in the application of a machine by which the limb is c>:id to be torn from the socket without pain and without the loss of blood, the patient in some cases being completely restored in the course of a few days. f . The Recorder of Chicago, 111., in charging the grand jury, recently, said:? "During the past five years I have held this court, it has been my unpleasant duty to try and sentence to the State prison several hundred persons; and I am sorry to say that while, it is an easy matter to find jurors, who are ready and willing to punish poor offenders without position or friends, it is with great difficulty that jurors can be found who. appreciate the fact that one bad man of position and wealth can do more harm than one hundred poor^meu^an, who are in the humble walks of life.'* A few weeks sinoe says the New Orleans Crescent, we mentioned, as a singular circumstance, the marriage of a German widow in the third district, to her fifth hus/Mnd?no one of the previous four having outlived his weddiDg a year. Well, a few days since the fifth husband took the yellow fever. He died, and on Friday was buried. This singular and most remarkable fatality among the the husbands of one lady would create doubtful talk among that lady's acquaintances, were not she well known and respected, and the causes of the deaths of her different husbands well known to their friends. As it is, it is one of the mo3t *cn? rious instances of fatality we ever heard of. The first steam machine adapted to plowing purposes wliich has ever been tried in this State was exhibited some days since a few miles from the city. The machine was taken to the spot over an exceedingly rough and hilly road, but attained a speed of some four miles per hour. It moved over < the field selected for the trial at about the same rate, and is calculated to work a half dozen plows at a time. Charles Mann, a practical mechanic of Troy, is the inventor, and, while he confesses the machine quite defective at present, is confident that it can be made to operate with entire success.? The trial took place in the presence of Committees of the State and County Agricultural Societies.?New Tori- Herald. One of our city physicians, has han- , ded us the following extract from a letter written to him by a professional brother in the upper countvy, describing a somewhat singular case, we believe of rare occurrence in surgical practice : 'I must put. in a slip, to give you an instance of death from the j rapid accumulation of far. We had a young | man, residing 18 miles from this place, who i was one of the miracles of nature. At the I age of 22 years he weighed 565 pounds; he continued gradually to increase in flesh un- ( til he reached over 600 pounds ; lie was able , to get about with tolerable ease to himself, j and attended io his planting interest. Some weeks ago he commenced increasing in flesh , very rapidly, and gained 11 pounds per day; (hen it was found he gained a little over 2 j ( pounds per day. Last week he died sudden- j j ly in his chaise, I think from the accumula- j tion of fat arouud the heart. Three days j ] prior to his death he weighed 646 pounds; 1t and had he been weighed the day of his j < death, no doubt he would have goue over : 660 pounds. I have often seen him, aud ( visited his family a few months ago profes- i sionally.'?Savannah Neics. Speaking of the disputed question of 1 Gen. Jackson's birth-place, the Lancaster Ledger says: The family of Jackson was 1 Scotch, and emigrated at an early period to the North of Ireland. Andrew Jackson, the | father of Gen. Jackson, with his sons Hugh and Robert left Ireland and landed in Charleston in 1765, and removed to the Waxhaws, there to reside. Maj. Robert Crawford with others of the Crawford family, came over with him and likewise settled in the Waxhaws. Andrew Jackson died shortly after his arrival in this country, and just be-! fore the birth of his son Andrew. The lat- j ter was born on the 15th day of March, 1767. j The Jackson s were m ratner indigent cir-1 cumstauces; but Maj. Crawford was a weal-1 tby man, was by the marriage of one of his ; brothers with the sister of Andrew Jackson's ! (Sr.) wife's sister, somewhat a family con-1 nexion and was the firm and undeviating i friend of the Jackson's. From the best in-1 formation we can gather the mother of Gen. Jackson, had left the place where her husband first settled and was at the time of the ; birth of her son Andrew living on a place,' belonging to Maj. Crawford, and very near to his place of residence. In a very short! time after that event?the birth of Andrew ?Maj. Crawford took her to his own house;! and it was her home until her death. I C|t gorlibilk drapttwr. edited ay > SAM'Xj W. 3MOBXJTOJJ. YORKVILLEj S. C. THURSDAY MORNING, AUGUST 26, 1868. We are very desirous to give particular attention to the local department of our paper; and to this end, we would ask our friends in the various portions of the District, Postmasters and others, to give tts reliable account? of whatever i matters of general interest, that may transpire in their respective localities. Notices of Marriages | and Deaths will be promptly inserted, when acAS*A/J Kw a rocnnnaihlp nftTTlfi. AllDOUDCC" ? wvui^auivu uj tM ?woj/vhw.v.? ? ? ments of religious find temperance meetings will ; be inserted with pleasure, and witbont charge. 1&, Personal Communications, when admissible ; communications of limited or individual interest, or recommendations of Candidates for of- \ fices of honor, profit or trust, will be charged for at from 2.} to 10 cents per line. Oar friends, Clergymen, Postmasters and oth- ; era, can, and'we trust will, aid us materially in i contributing interesting items, of this nature to i our columns. *#* In order to encourage the efforts of all i who are favorable to our enterprise, we propose to~fcend a copy of the Enquirer, gratito any one j making up a club of ten subscribers and sending $15, in advance. To clubs of six, the paper will be sent for $10 50, with an extra copy to the person making the club. " * j faf Wm. P. McFadden, Esq., and M. Jokes, , are authorized to act as agents for the Enquirer, ( receive money and give receipts for the office. , j?p?The absence of the Editor will account for the want of the usual editorial matter. We are requested by Ret. Wm. Curtis, 1 Corresponding Secretary, to state that the Board of the Broad River Association will meet at Euon Church on Saturday next. 28th instant. The roin- ' istering Brethren will continne^the meeting on the 1 Sabbath. * * ! CAMP-MEETING AT CONCORD. Rev. John W. Kellt reqnests ns to state that . the Camp-Meeting at Concord, near Clay Hill, will ( embraop the xeennd Sabbath in September, instead 1 of the third, as heretofore. * VOEKV1LLG FE9IALG COLLEGE. The exeroise* of the Yorkville Female College were resumed on the 18th instant. We are gratified to learn that the session opened under the most favorable auspices. The number of pupils in attendance was unusually large, and it is cheering to see that number increased by the daily arrivals from all parts of this and tkea<\joiuing States. The Trustees havo secured the services of a full and efficient corps of Teachers, with the Rev. J. M. H. Adams still acting as President, pro (em.? Every department is now complete, and the establishment of this, noble institution may be regarded as a decided success." That the efforts of those who have it in charge are well-meant, we have not the shadow of a doubt, and if they continue td be well-directed, there is no obstacle in the way of its continued advancement and prosperity. We might dilate at length on the superior advantages and claims of this institution of learning, but they are so apparent that "he who ruus may read." * Female education is no longer an experiment; "* ?J '1 A.#.kU.1iar1 ito nlaim fn iWinni*. 1 11 una tt3Cin icu auu covauitcucu ivo vmiu< w . tance, and is rapidly extending itself through all I ranks of female society. Man is no longer the sole votary at the shrine of literature and science, but woman claims it as her prerogative to gather bidden treasures in every department of knowledge. The deep-rooted prejudices that once stood as a barrier to woman's intellectual improvement have abated, while a thorough and complete education is regarded as lending additional lustre and < brighter clarms to the female character. But as much as has been done to remove those orude and unjust notioneso dishonoring to tbesex, very much remains to be accomplished, and we very much fear, the due importance of the subject has never yet been weighed. In proof of this, we' may point to the action of our Legislature on this subject. Whilst thousands of dollars are being expended annually for the education of the Sons of Carolina, not a dollar is appropriated to the great cause cf female education. This should noj be 1 so. It is high time that a more liberal and en- ? lightened policy should control the legislation of ( the State. But it is needless to urge this matter. 1 IT.L V C -A ?.1 ??,1 T lue iiuuiucr ui cuugnicu auu nv>vuui|/ticuvu j uuu^ | ? Indies who receive their diplomas in our semina- I n ries of learning angurs well for a better state of j c things. Scattered throughout the State, their influence must be felt, and in process of time will j pffect a salutary change in such unwise and unjust 1 legislation. We may recur to this subject. * r MERE-MENTION. Wc are indebted to some kind friend at Due * West for a copy of the Annual Catalogue of that s Institution. The College is in a flourishing condition. The whole number of Students is put 11 down at-130. It is proposed to erect a monument to Capt. John Smith, of Jamestown, Va. 1 ff nil the Johns will contribute, the thing can be T done without calling on outsiders. The Fay- 0 etteville Observer in speaking of the election for f Governor in North Carolina, says that "returns 1 from 70 counties show a majority of 15,439 for e Ellis, and a gain of 2965. The few remaining jounties gave Governor Bragg a majorty of 120. They cannot now make any material alteration jitherway." The Hon. JohnSlidell, is nominated for the Presidency, by the New Orleans Delta. The following is said to be an excel- t ent remedy against bleeding: Take linen or cot- a ton rags, burn them to charcoal. Put the char- b :oal on the wound, and no more bleeding will en- s sue. The Washington Star pronounces Geu- n 8ral Cass as entirely recovered from his indisposi- p lion. me "iveiit uuurus ia iiie iiume ui a. i Rifle Company recently formed at George's Sta- t tion, and so called in honor of Col. Keitt. a In Lafayette, Indiana, they have a gigantic Indian a on exhibition. He is 19 years of age, stands sev- t en feet seven inches in his moccasins, and weighs i four hundred and eighty-six pounds! Two j t boys in Nashville, Tenn., recently jumped from | s the pier of a bridge, in that place, a distance of ! ninety feet, into the river. They were not hurt r in the least. c Newspapers iu St. Louis are in name and nature 1 somewhat mixed. The Republican is democratic \ and the Democrat is republican. At one of e the public gardens in Cincinnati, where Germans t most do congregate, six thousand glasses of lager ] beer were sold on a recent Sunday. A party f of Chippewa Indians in Wisconsin, recently treat- ? ed a man who had been guilty of abusing bis i wife, to a ride on a rail, and then divested him < of his hair and whiskers. A New Orleans ed j itor wishes to have the word "holler" adopted in- i ; to the family of English words. Mr. Field, j1 has determined to resign the active management j i of the Atlantic cable, owing toimpared health and ! < pressure of private business. An old bach- < elor of Oxford, Miss., worth one hundred and fifty i thousand dollars, recently found a new boru fe- j male babe hanging at his gate. He ha9 adopted i it, and given it the name of "Eureka Gate." j The health Commissioners of New York, have de- i clared Charleston an infected port. The Loudon Times has an article favoring the annexa- : tion of Mexico to the United States. Out i doOr sports?being chased by atiiad oA or collecting Mile for printers. At Birmingham, England, eight tons of wire per week"are made Into hooks and eyes.*-v Cincinnati, containing.over two hundred thousand inhabitants .and doing a larger business than any other Western city, has only fifty thousand dollars of banking capital. The bonking business is done by private bankers It is stated that a disease similar to the cholera in hogs, has broken out amoDg the poultry In India na and Illinois. On the marriage of a Miss Wheat, it was hoped that her path might be flowery and that she might never be thrashed. Hon. John M. Botts, of Virginia, says, he found, during his travels in Europe, that "tho Germans were the best ordered and most intellectually peaceable people of modern Europe." I cannot bear to see a bear, bear down npon a bare, when bare of boir be strips the bare, for1 bare I cry 'for bear.' William Means, a slave, recently bought himself at auction, in Memphis, Tennessee. A man named Carnum, was lately pardoned out of the Connecticut State Prison after a confinement of twenty six years. The wonderful changes and inventions of the twentyfive years, are, he says, all new to him, and are looked upon by him with about the same degree of wonder as if he had just arisen from the dead after a sleep of a quarter of a century. He never until Saturday last, saw a printing press, ft railroad or a train of cars. He was taken to the depot at New Haven, to see the express train come in and was much astonished tit the sight. It is stated that the people of the city of London sent by post 82,000,000 more letters during the last ten yearMhan all the people of the United States, although the population of that country is ten times greater. Of the 95,000,000 letters posted in London, more than 400,000,000 were for jirculation within the limits of that city. BETH-SHILOAH AND BEERSHEBA. The demands recently made on our columns, alone prevented a notice heretofore of the demonstration made by Beth-Shiloah Division, 8. of T., on tho 7th inst. With becoming zeal and industry the Sons brought fogether quite a goodly number of speakers and of people. The exercises commenced ?1 ? MnaamM Ui VTMI U Moon* omijr. lllllT gvuviviuvu; Esq., Wm. D. Warbkv, and Mr. Ben.tamir C. Presslt, and in the order given, in carefully prepared addresses, well delivered, filled with good matter, direct, pointed, and effective, occupied the morning exercises. If the aged - of our district had heard these young?yes, very young men?had listened to their remarks pleading for the cause of order, sobriety, virtue and Heaven, uhetber a blnsh would, have been seen on the cheeks of some, is perhaps a speculation ont of ?ur province. It is sufficient here to say, the assemblage was quite delighted with the performances of the young gentlemen, awl awarded their ?ffort8 with.approving smiles and rapturous applause. We are persuaded the female hetrers, indmore particularly the mothers,who were present, will.not soon forget the day, or those young men. It !b further evident that in less than ten fears from the present moment York will not, ack foy Temperance orators. . After an interval, and partaking of a bountiful ind ueat repast, the evening wa9 filled up whh ad iresees by the Rev. Mr. Darby, Rev. Mr. Borer., i ind Col. Beattt. Wo have also to record, that, on Saturday las^ t like demonstration occurred with Beersheba Division. The day was pleasant, the assemblage espectable in number, and the whole scene furlished quite the usual enjoyment. The Rev. Landy Wood was the principal orator on the ocjasion. Requested arid urged to take the time, le in a considerable degree complied, and the inited verdict was, that ho made a telling and nost searching address. We are disposed to think lis remarks were so treasured up by the hearers, md hence likely to be repeated, that some, who ire noi by any means devoted to the cause of Temperance, mnyhave them to reach their brains, ind, if prudent, they will keep a silent tongue; f otherwise, otherwise. The day's exercises were dosed by a few remarks from some others and a Benediction pronounced by Rev. Mr. Davis, the ?astor of the Church. After partaking of the jood things of life prepared by the Indies, the Division went to work, and we went home. * - [advertisement.] TO THE PUBLIC. Mr. Editor:?In your paper of the 22nd of July nst, I see a communication from Fort Mill, signed 'Eastern York," nominating me for the office of )rdinary in our District. In your issue of the 2th inst., I find another signed "Many Voters of Western York and again on the 10th instant, mother signed "Twenty Voters on Turkey Creek," loncurring in the nomination of "Eastern York." Now, allow me through your columns, to exiress my most sincere thanks to those friends who mve thus publicly manifested such confidence in ae, by their nominations for so important an office; lorcan I be unmindful of the many friends, whose irlvate solicitations hsye been equally as expreslve. I feol it a duty I owe to myself, as well as to ny friends, to accept the nomination ; and at the ame time desire to express my gratitude for the micfa V.orotnfnr? ennfiHerl to me. Should the oters of York District promote me to the office f Ordinary. I hope I shall do nothing in the disharge of the duties incumbent thereon, that will,' a any way, be calculated to lessen me in their steem. JOHN G. ENLOE. Yorkville, Aug. 25, 1858. For the Yorkville Enquirer. THE FREE SCHOOL. SYSTEM. Inasmuch as various plans have been suggested o amend our present mode of common schools, nd as I have given the matter some attention, I ave concluded to give the public my views on the ubject, which if improved upon and carried out, tight be far preferable, iu my opinion, to the resent system, at least for York District. In examining the map of our District, I find hat it measures in breadth, from East to West, bout thirty miles ; in length, from North to South, bout twenty. In order then to lay off our Disrict into School Districts, we would have (allowng five miles square to each) about 24 School Disricts. Now suppose this to be done, and a good chool house erected ou each. The difficulty that would arise according to the ! ecent plan suggested by our Legislature, or some tf the members thereof, would be that within the jouuds of several of the School Districts, there vould not be a sufficient amount of taxable proptrty to support a school, allowing the State to conribute only a sura equal to each School District. Por in some of the School Districts, it would be ouud that the tax payers have only (or to a con tiderable degree) real estate, and inmost instances :hose Districts have very poor land, and consequently the taxes therein would be very small. As an illustration, within the bounds of each School District, there would be about 16,0001 | teres of land, and the land rated say one half as second quality, and the other third. The 2nd quality, say 8,000 acres, at its present advalorem value, according to the State assessment, would amouut to $48; the 8rd quality, 8,000 acres more, to $19 20 ; making the State tax on the land iu j the School District $67.20. Now according to the recommendation of the Legislature, the Commissioners are authorized to assess 25 per cent, on this amount as a school fund, which would make $10.80. Add to this an equal sum of $10.80, the appropriation by the State, and we would have $33.60 appropriated to educate the children of at least some few of the School Districts for one year. It will be apparent from this calculation, that some ! School Districts will not be able to support a school more than too months in the year, while ' many others would have a sufficiency, and a few more wealthy an abundance. ? Agreeable to the'pieseut law of our State, every District or Parish is entitled to $600 as a school ftind for each member or representative, she is en- j titled tosend to the Legislature, and consequently, 1 York District is entitled to $2,400. Now suppose j the Legislature wouliLepact, tli^t each.School Dis- j trict should recoivc an equal destributive share j of these funds and an assessment on each tax paycr of 25 per cent on his State tax be made, the result would be, th&t the poorest School District in York would have at least $115 or $120, o?d school fund, thereby enabling' them to hnve- a school some six months in the year, which would | be as long as they would, desire, owing to the ! necessity of requiring the labor of their children a ! portion of the year at home; whilst many other j Districts would be enabled to employ a teacher the whole year on a very competent salary. B. J. W. [arvketisbnekt.] v TO THE CITIZENS OF YORK DISTRICT. Again the unpleasant task is imposed on me, of appearing before you in the public press. I am called upon by "More than one Constituent," to publish ray views at length, on the subject of the action of the last Legislature io reference to the Banks; and to make any reply I may deem proper, /? nnKliatiod artielft nf Cnl. MoCaw on this snb- I IV j, ........... ? ject. Whilst I dp not feel at libert j to disregard such a public requisition, I must be permitted to reiterate my utter repugnance to keeping alive this controtersy over a past issue. Cut to my Follow Citizens I am responsible for my past conduct in a representative capacity, and to their enquiries touching matters of a public or political nature, I hold myself in readiness at all times to answer; otherwise I should be unworthy of their confidence. Before proceeding to give my opinions relative td the suspension of the second section of the Bank Act of 1840, I will consider very briefly and fairly, some of the positions taken by Col. McCaw, in the article alluded to. In the outset of bis communication, we might infer, from the language employed, that his object was to charge the blame of the late financial revnlsion upon the Legislature, rather than to the derelictions of the Banks; at least the expressions used, are scarcely pusceptihle of a different interpretation. When adverting to the "recent crisis," he uses the folIoVing words: "It will be sufficient to refer to the cause contributing directly to this result, to wit: the large increase and expansion of banking capital for a series of years, beyond the point of redemption in gold and silver, not only in South Carolina, but throughout the United States, and then a too sudden contraction of issues." Now it is generally known, I suppose, that Bank capital is created only by the Legislature, and the amount of the capital of every Bank is fixed by the charter, or a limit of the extent to which it may be increased by the Bank itself, as in the case of the Newberry and. Fairfield Banks. For the expansion therefore, or rather intreasr. of the Bank capital, the Banks are not responsible. It would seem, | however, that this construction is negatived by ; the latter clause of the sentence, "beyond the ! point of redemption in gold" &c., and that Bank issues were meant instead of capital; for to say that the canital of a Bank (i. e. gold and silver,) is so expanded as to be irredeemable with gold And silver, presents n palpable solicism. Suppose, however, the former construction the true one, I must be permitted to remind the author, as well as others, that the Legislature, with the exception of hnvingcharteredthesmallBankofGeorgetownwith a capital of $200,000, has neither increased nor ex ponded the Bank capital in this State since 1852; and if the late monetary revulsion is attributed to the action of the Legislature so far back, in my judgment, something more than mere assertion is required to bolster the proposition. I know that the opinion prevails that the chartering of the eight new Banks in 1852, has contributed mainly to the late financial troubles. It may be true to a great extent; but I regard the great mischief as arising, not so much from the number of Banks chartered, as from the corrupt system of Banking heretofore permitted ; and had -they been properly restricted by the terms of their charters, and confined to the legitimate business of Banking, they wonld never have been instrumental in bringing about the late panic; whilst two or three Banks, permitted to revel in the luxury of issuing ad libitum, any num ber of bills, without being required to keep a sufficiency of coin in their vaults to redeem them, would oertainly bring down, sooner or later, financial disasters upon the oountry. The error of the Legislature was, and always has been, in omitting to provide a more stringent discipline for the rcgmen and regulation of these unscrupulous institutions. I presume that it will hardly be questioned, that the late severe panic experienced in South Carolina, if it was not solely and directly produced, was certainly aggravated by the extravagant inflation and sndden contraction or tne currency, and by the abominable practice pursued by the Banks of shaving, kiting and broking, modeetly ycleped "dealing in Domestic Exchange." A somewhat lengthy transcript of a Bill, looking to a thorough reform in our Banking system, introduced at the last session by Mr. Memminger, is inserted in the article before us, with some comments upon its provisions, and objections to the policy and propriety of its early adoption by the Legislature. Not perceiving the necessary bearing of this Bill upon the question in controversy, to wit: the suspension of the 2nd section of the Bank Act of 1840,.I will not endeavor to discuss its merits; besides I have no inclination to enter the lists with the able progenitor of this measure, for I do not know that I would be likely to bear off any laurels from a mental grapple with Mr. Memminger or even Sir Robert Peel of England, on this subject. If Mr. Mcmminger's Bill and the suspension of the act of 1840 were the only alternatives, then I admit that a propriety manifestly arises for the consideration of the Bill.? This was not the case. The issue before the Legislature was not the adoption of this Bill or the suspension of the law of 1840, and if neither was agreeable to my convictions of policy, I should have voted against both schemes, for it were far better to have done nothing than to have legislofort >inund>1v Tf tintt, nrnieo.ts in the main. had been acceptable to my views, I should have advocated both, with the necessary modification of the one, so as to render its machinery compatible with the operation of the other. "It will not do to argue," says Col. McCaw, "that money has not been more plenty and cotton advanced in price Bince the passage of the Act in December last." Well, I agree that it is entirely useless to argue a proposition, the converse of which is demonstrated by a simple reference to figures. In November last, the total circulation of all the Banks according to the sworn return of their officers, was $6,297,876,00. By the same returns the total circulation on the 1st January last, was reduced to $6,185,840,00, showing an actual decrease of $112,036,00 in one month after the adoption of the great remedial scheme, which K is gravely alleged made money more plentiful, and did in fact give substantial relief to the country from the severe pecuniary pressure. This is a uuiversnl clamor with the Bank party, but they will find the problem hard to solve to the public satisfaction, that there is more money in a roll of one hundred dollars after fifty had been abstract cd from it, than before. To pursue bis argutneut j further, for I must be brief, he says that "thp I specie Banks could not discount" &c./'"and those ^ thit had suspended - could not hare continued to diseonnt and pay a tax of 5.per cent, for tbe pri- | vilege, when they only received 6 per cent, for tbe use of their money." It is evident that if the Banks only realized 6 per cent; on their capital, : and had to pay back 5 per cent, of the same, that , thqy could not afford to do business awl loan their ! bills on those terms. But this is not the fact, as i is well known, and I regard it ns a very disingen- ; uous abatement of the case, and intended to create the impressfion that if the Banks were compelled to pay the penalty of -5 per cent, they could only make one per cent, on their capital. .Gentlemen are certainly aware, that such would pot be the , true result, for the Banks in thia State lwivo dedared dividends ranging from 8 to 20 percent. often having on hand reserved profits, showing < clear gains of 20 or 80 per cent., and according r to the estimate of the Comptroller General, as ' high as dO per cent. Take the suspended Bank of Newberry for instance, with a circulation very ; little larger than the amount of her capital. She I baa made in the first four months after the pas- j sage of the Act of 1857 over 20 per cent. Deduct | 5 per cent, from the circulation, and it will appear ! that after pnying the 5 per cent., this Bank will i have realized about 15 per cent., and it is stated | on good authority, that the Hamburg Bank since j the last 8ession of the Legislature has made, np ! to June, profits, which, after deducting 5 per cent. I on the circnlation, would eqoai 17 per cent, on J her capital. With these facts and flgnres before j ns, we readily perceive how much truth there is in the clamor raised by the Bank party, that the collection of the 5 percent, from the suspended Banks would compel them to stop iheir operations, and in fact, would be tantamount to a forfeiture of their charters. But it has been said that the Banks would" hare been compelled in selfdefence to contract their circulation, and that they could not continue to loan their bills wi^h this burthen upon their operations. I am inclined to think that this is an error, tfor a circulation, I take it, is indispensably necessary to preserve the other parts of the Bank machinery in harmonious action. The kiting and shaving wheels need tlus propelling power to keep them in motion. It is apparent, therefore, that it was very impolitic and . unwise in the Legislature to have relieved the j. Banks from the payment of the 5 per cent, imposed by the Act of Assembly of 1840. In the article under review I find these words: "It Is true that the bills of the suspended Banks were at a depreciation of from 1 to 2 per cent'., bnt for the payment of debts they answered the farmers jnst as well as the virgin gold. The merchant who wanted exchange would lose the amount of the depreciation," kc. With regard ta the depreciation of the suspended Bunk bills, this is far short of the mark. After the suspension of the Act of 1840, these bills fell 6 per cent, below par, and this amount Was lost on a large number of those bills in the purchase of exchange, and I venture to assert that it is a most egregious mistake to suppose that the merchants would patiently pocket the loss rather than exact it back from their customers, by legitimately increasing the priee of their goods and groceries. It is the habit of that shrewd ami useful class of men to count the cost of their merchandize first, and then set remunerating prices upon it. The truth is, the planters, principally, will eventually sustain the loss of every dollar of this depreciation of currency, and 26 per cent, superadded, to the merKonno tlioSA Rliqnpndcd Bftflk bills WOUld be very far from "answering the purposes of the oommunity as well as virgin gold." Again, on the supposition that the contractions by the Banks before their release from the payment of five per cent, affected the price of cotton two cents per pound, Col. McCaw calculates the loss sustained by the planters in Sonth Carolina as having been $1,200,000, and I believe his compution is abont correct. To my mind at least, it wears the seeming of sound reasoning and legitimate deduction; but by what system of logic or ratiocination the -conclusion could be deduced that the contraction since the Act of 1857 would not depress the price-of cotton equally as much as it did before, I am utterly unable to conjecture.? I- have shown that the contraction not only continued, bat that it actually increased after the passage of the Act; therefore, by his own process of reasoning, it is certainly fair to infer that the loss sustained by the planters thereby, would not only to be as great since as before, but that it was considerably augmented; and in all probability far exceeded the sum he has designated. Indeed, I have very little doubt of the fact that the loss oc- J 2 j Vit- thai rli relictions of the I (jshiuucu luiuo |iii?uivio ut ?? ? Banks both before and since the enactment of the law of 1857, did not fall short of two millions of dollars, and when we take into the account the further loss, incurred by the community by the depreciation of the value of the suspended Bank bills?which was mainly owing to the suspension of specie payment haying been legalized by the Act of last winter, together with the loss of the 5 per cent, justly due by the suspended Banks?the probability is, that it has altogether reached, if it has ! i not exceeded, that enormous sum. It is denied by Col. McCaw that England has I gold enough to buy our cotton, and ho says "this ' is a far-fetched idea, and not sustained by any ar- 1 gument of political eoonomy." Not being farail- ' iar with the state of British and French finances, ' I will not attempt to dilate on the question as to 1 their ability to purchase our cotton; hazarding 1 the assertion, that if the prices of cotton were 1 continued depressed below the proper rates for ' a great length of time by our Banks, (which now monopolize the trade,) withholding the funds nec- ' essary for the purchase of the cotton, British 1 gold would certainly find its way to our markets j for that purpose. It was asserted in the Legisla- j ? turc last winter that the gold had then been de- ! i posited in Charlesto to buy cotton, and it was not j 1 denied; and indeed, I have very little doubt that 1 British gold had something to do in enhancing the | 1 prices after the action of last winter, for it is ap- j I parent that our Banks bad tery little agency in j < tn that result. Without doing vio- i < 6 ? lence to List, Ricardo or Adam Smith, I think I 1 may safely say that it is not impossible for EDg land to purchase a portion of our eciton with [ gold, without thereby materially impairing or de-. ' ranging the commercial intercourse or prosperity i1 of the two nations. And I have no hesitancy in i asserting that Political Economists will agree, that 1 often in the commercial trading between two 1 countries, a balance may be in favor of one for a j1 time, which balance, for the want of the exchange- i 1 able commodities in demand then, must be met by : the other with the universal medium of values? 1 gold and silver. But it is objected that if we got i the specie from England for our cotton, we would ! have to re-ship it to purchase our imports, "and I this would have left us where we started." For ;1 what other purpose do we want the gold, but to j i purohase our imports or anything else we needed ; >1 that is, if we should happen never afterwards to : possess such commodities as we could give in ex- i1 change for those imports.' It might be then in the ;1 course of time, this gold might wend its way !1 back to England, and if we should be left where wfl started, it would be precisely at the very place from which we have never yet started. Col. McCaw then proceeds to sum up his reasons i for voting for the suspension of the Act of 1840. !' "1st. To prevent further contractions by which the crop would be delayed in going t? market," : &c. "2nd. Because although the collection of I the fi per cant, may haye enlarged th? public ' i treasury directly, indirectly it would hare inflict- ' s ed a severe blow upon the Agricultural Interest?f | < the country."-. As to the first, I have shown b/ j t the Bank- statement, that the contractions were j ( not prevented; and, therefore, the anticipated re- j lief was not realized. As to the second^ reason, ! e I have not seen it demonstrated, how the Agricul-'t tural interest could suffer the slightest detriment, , by the Bank:/ boing required to disgorge an in- c significant portion of their vast and nngodly gains I s for the payment of their houest debt to the people, j t On the contrary, with the facts and evidence be- | !j fore us, we can scarcely avoid the conclusion that 11 me suapeusiuxi ui luy /\t;v ui low ims yrutvu *v j be a blight upon the farming interest, rather than a blessing. . The impression attempted to be created by the , friends bf the Banks is, that it was necessary to remote the restrictions front thecn in order to extend relief to the country. That their object was not to relieve the Banks, but to save the property of all the debtors in the land from the sacrifice of a SherifTs^pnle, and to enable "planters to realise higher prices for cotton. Is it troe that the Aot of 1857 was intended to.rclieve the people and not the Bauks? A glance at the journal of the debates on this subject in the Legislature, will bring ns to question very seriously the verity of this pretence. If I am not mistaken, the record of the proceedings there, goes very far towards showing that the suspension of the Act of 1840 was not primarily intended as a measure of relief to tho people, but that it was emphatically a Bank measure, mooted by a Bauk party, and carried principally by the votes of Bank men. If the advocates of this measure were actaated by a sole purpose to save the country from a greater financial distress, why did they reject the amendment offered by the Bmk reform party, which provided only, for the suspension of the collection of the 5 per cent, for twelve months ? This amendment would have freed the Banks from the embarrassment of having to pay the per cent, monthly, as required by the law of 1840, which wa9 as much too, as they should have asked ; and the LegisU inpn wnnld still liAve held the reins over the Banks. and could at the expiration of the year, have ex- t acted the 5 per cent, in eaee they had failed to ? carry out in good faith their promises to the coon- < try. But the friends of the Banks did not scruple < to say that they feared the next LegislaturtfVonld i exact every dollar of the forfeiture from the Banks, i and that they, while they had the power, wonld t make a clean sweep of the penalty and turn them ] loose, unbridled upon the country, free from the I last restraint imposed by law. Does this look as ( though relief to.the country only was intended ? I To an unbiased mind* the inference is irresistible < that it was purely a Bank measure. The most 1 popular pretext -for the Act of last December is, < that it was necessary to save the property, of those < indebted to the Banks or others, flrora being sac* t rifieed at nominal prices. The bngbear constant- 1 ly held up was?that, if the Banks were not propi- 1 dated by an entire release from their obligation to pay the people the 5 per cent, on their suspen- i ded bills?they wonld compel their debtors to pay i np, and the/ in turn would force us, the people, I to pay our honest debts! If the object then, of the supporters of this pseudo-relief measure, was I solely to preserve the property, of the citizens of | the State from a ruinous sacrifice, why did they ] not adopt the amendtnent, proposed by the oppo- j site party, to prevent the Banlts foom oppressing ' their debtors by suits for collection so loog&s they < continued in a State of suspension ? There was a I semblance of fairness and Justice in the provisions i of this amendment, inasmuch as the Banks had suspended payment, that the people should have been permitted to suspend payment to them ! This would bare afforded substantial relief or security to the people for a while at least, but it was too much of a concession for the oppressed Banks to make! In rejecting this amendment H Was tantamount to saying that wc will relieve the people by denying them relief. In View of this fact, bow , can it be said that the suspension of the Act of , 1840 was anything less than, a scheme merely to j favor the Banks, and the pretended concurrent re- i lief to the country?mere charlatanism. Again, ; the minority?the friends of the people?in making , one more effort in their behalf, attempted to in- ( corporate in the Act of 1857, a provision reqniring , the suspended Banks to abate from their rates of ( discount whatever per cent, their bills might fall 1 below par, and thus throw the loss which might f be occasioned by their depreciation, on the Banks j themselves, by whom of course, it should be borne, j and not by the community as it has been. To | this honest proposal the majority refused to ac- t cede, and unceremoniously voted it down; in con; < sequence of which the suspended Banks have been t authorized hy law,'to recieve from the planter, 6 I per cent, on every dollar of their paper !n circula- j tion, when in fact, they only loaned him ninety- j fire,cents. I can not imagine how hnman ioge- j nnity conld pervert the meaning of this legislation t into anything else than a plainly expressed purpose to favor the Banks, without any regard to the e interest of the people. I think I have shown <j from the record, so to speak, that the suspension ( of the 2nd section of the Bank Act of 1840 was f simply a Bank measure; that in adopting it, the q interests of the community at large, were not re- a garded ns of paramount consideration. Though j D lV? ??-? Unnaat irnntlpmon who Voted for I a IUCIO ncic UIOUJ uwuvuv ? 0 the Act?and who were actuated by a desire to s lighten the monetary pressure upon the country? i but in their anxiety and zeal to do something, they j, sere carried away with the illusory idea that in p the remotal of the forfeiture of 5 per cent, from s the Banks, consisted the infallible panacea for all j the ills attendant upon the reigning panic. t I will now endeavor to show that the Act of last <3 December did not relax the pecuniary pressure, 11 nor effect an advancement of the price of cotton. ; s [t would be a useless waste of words to attempt a j ti demonstration of the fact that the tightness of, e monetary affairs and the pressure of hard times, | a bare not been removed by relieving the suspended 1 s Banks of the five percent. Everyone knows ! 0 that the pressure prevails yet in the country to a (* great extent. But how could this act favoring a the suspended Banks, have operated as a deliver- a nnee from the financial embarrassments? Un- p questionably, by enabling and iaduolng the Banks ii ?both specie and suspended?to loan oat their u bills freely, and thereby to increase the quantity v of money in circulation, and by this alone ; for to t! induce a suspended Bank to increase its circula- o tion $500, and at the same time to compel a spe- S cie Bank to decrease $1000, would only aggravate I the financial oancer. This I contend, has been tbo ii only effect of the Act. The specie Banks having v to keep on hands coin necessary to redeem their e bills when demanded, could not expand for the ac? , g nf (ha unnnirv when thev were be- ; /i UUiniUUUUUVU V* %MW VVTWM-m J 1 ? - ing constantly drained of their specie by the sob- tl penders, who in turn, refused to pay tliem back n gold for their own bills, as they were authorised 1 to do by the Act of December last. Thus the s specie Banks, from the subordinate position assign- s ed them by the Legislature, were rendered entire- g ly unable to famish a currency to the country, a and forced to continue the contraction of their cir-!t culation; and the favored Banks to which we had s a right to look for the necessary expansion, have a failed to perform their bounden duty to the peo- t pie in this particular. Notwithstanding, they have t been able to realize profits since November last, t ranging from the rates of 8 per cent, to upwards e of 20 per cent, on their capital, while the specie, t: Banks, which have sustained the credit of the currency of the State by refusing to suspend, have e made only from 6 to about 14 percent The effect ( sem^ity of money in the country?to permit the leiinqaent Bunks to make great speculations by heir bod faith to the country, and that too at the ^xpenso of the more honest Banks, and to rob the >eop!e of the fire per cent, which (hey had sol:mnly promised to pay them in case they suspenicd as they hive done. la tue ipse piace, let as enquire u the price or lotton advanced as a necessary consequence'of tbe aspension of the Act of 1840. Wo hare seen that he Banks contracted their eircolatioa more th&a M 00,000 by the 1st of January last; Tbeconraction which followed up to the first of Febraa y was considerably iacreased. According to lay ecolloction, it was more than three-fold greater ban that of the preceding month. I regret I tare not the Bank statement, for that month be'ore me, so that I could give the figures. Upto Jrff astit had'reached about $l;oG0,"(00: Now It s true that cotton advanced about two cents per >ouud in January^ and,not until January. _ If the idvance is to be attributed?to the suspension of he law of 18J0, why was not this reault effeoted n December? By recurring back to the statenents of "prices current, if I mistake pot, it will je seen that the prices of cotton way at Its lpwest ange on or about the first of January, and that it idvonced about one cent by the middle of that nonth. But on what principle can the inference be drawn that the advance in the price was a con?6.quenoe of relieving the suspended Banks?? Clearly on the supposition only, that the Banks bad furnished the means of purchasing it; the cant of which it Is alledged, and very properly :oo, had depressed it solowjn November preceiing. By the sworn statements of the Banks hemselves, they show ns that they hare not contributed, but actually lessened the means neces?ary for the parehaee of cotton. The pretenoe, therefore, that the Banks, by inoreased accommoUtions hare been instrumental in enhancing the price, is simply idle. It Is sometimes suggested jy enthusiastic adroeatee of the measure, that the moral effect and Influence of the Act was to Tstore confidence to the commercial world, and hereby tojraise the prices of produce. Suppose hen it be not ascribed to any material aid affordsd by the Banks, but to eome sort of conjuration jr talis manic effisaey inherent In the suspension >f the Act of 18-4Q per te. Then the hypothesis ie negatived by the conseqaenoee which followed, rot having been in consonance with tbe nature ?f moli a cause; for assuming such a result to b# possible, then the effects and influences on the cotan market would have developed themselves immoliately after the enactment of the law, which was lot the case; as it will be remembered that cotton sontinued to decline until the first of January aferwards, when it attained its lowest price. In ivent, therefore,, can the advancement of the price if nnttnn hi> tnicKi. "dirccflv nr indireotlvto he Act of last December relieving the suspeoded Banks from the payment of the five per cent, on heir circulation. Xhrre are other important points of view in which this Aot of the Legislature might be shown ?p &a highly objectionable and impolitic, b4t 'or the present I must forbear. I have thus given in a plain manner, my opinions j frankly on this vexed subject?free from extravagant representations or hyperbolical diction. My propositions have been based npon the most* reliable statistics I conld on short notice procure, and which I think are correct; and I hope I have succeeded in discharging this duty without seemiag to reflect or cost any imputation upon anyone, II my pnrpoBe has been simply to Attain and exposft the truth. Very respectfully, Your obedient servant, EDWARD -MOORE. For the Yorkvllle Enquirer. FATAL ERROR CORRECTED. Mr. Editor: Permit me a few incidRital remarks as preliminary. E. A. ChenshaW, "for," w he informs ns, "a good reason," brought into the discussion bis "own proper name," his individual acts, and even his motives of action. His s the responsibility; and A Prubyterian cannot easonably be held accountable far what, under >ther circumstances, should be regarded personal emarks. The reason of E. A. Cbexshaw for hi* :onduct in this particular, which by the way lie vas pleased not to give, was necessarily cither food or bad. If good he has no eause of com* >laint. If bad?if from vanity?from the sup>osed influence of his name and adjuncts, or if 'rom a notion "of good policy and not for ooncienoc sake," similar to his acts in joining those 'various" Temperance societies of whioh we enow nothing, then and in such case, he is alone esponsible for the imprudence. A Presbyterian me no desire to obtrude his name or conduct, food or bad, on the attention of the public. He >refers to rely on the forte of truth for sortentaion of bis principles and propositions. That E. A. Cbesshaw should decry the influmce of conscience?"the candle of the Lord," and lisparage its diotates as an arbiter, bestowed by lod on man, of the principles of right and wrong or the regulation of his conduct in, to use Dr. .'robnwell's words, "the countless contingenciee ud diversified oocasions of life," is at the same noment extraordinary and pitiable. That he hould in the face of the world promulgate, in ubstance, the doctrine, abrogating and denying he eternal difference between right and wrong?of idiness and sin; and make the distinction dependent exclusively on a written command -on the overcignty of God irrespective of his holiness, ustice, goodness, and truth, is evidential, (to mploy scriptural terms) either of a darkened anlerstanding, of a strong delusion that he should >elieve a lie, or of a reprobate mind. Bat that he hould roundly and openly proclaim, after a week's leliberation, by way of explanation and clear lucidation, and in a distinct paragraph, numbered ,nd placed as the fixed conclusion of his Undertending and conscience, that "The providence of lod is a manifestation of his government of' (not, j) "his creatures, and reveals no rule for right ction to nan in moral matters, in any given ease," ssuredly out herods deistical philosophy, and, if roved to be true, establishes at once the reign of afidelity. This may be deemed by some, particlarly by theoarelessand indifferent, strong and seere language; but the ig^ctant enquiry is, Is he language true? Do QOt providence, reason, ^ onscience, and the word of God revealed tons in the Icriptures, all concur in pronouncing it the truth. f then it be the truth,we have the right to use it; f it be otherwise and God be no qoral governor, re hope not to escape condemnation; and on being nlighteued, we shall take.pleasure in asking foriveness of our country, Such a. God and a Chris Ian Church can require none; for in such case here can be no Christian Church. "They are the lost dangerous offenders," says Dr. Thornwbll, who lumper nun mo principles vi icvwiuuc helf, who seek to eseape the reproaches of concienceby degrading the standard of moral obli. ption; who pursue peace at the expense of truth, nd extinguish the light that they may not behold he calamity of their state." But if E. A. Cren. haw be wrong, is not a retraction of his gross nd miscbierous errors, as ample and public as heir avowal, due to his God, to the Church, and o his country; and if the retraotion be not mode, he question, how far his offences require the exrcise of Churchy Discipline, is not for the arblrement of theppbllc. Anattwt to prove to an intelligent Christian ommanity the existence of a moral providence of lod, may well be regarded an insult to tbelr WWstanding and religious feelings. But the