University of South Carolina Libraries
... *? > r * iewis h.gbist, proprietor. I An Independent Journal: For the Promotion of the Political, Social, Agricultural and Commercial Interests of the South. {*2 pee abnum, is advance VOL. 4. YORKVILLE, S. C? THURSDAY, JULY 14, 1858. JSTO. 28. Effect l^oefrj). KEEP COOL. A few little acres I have ; In peace I endeavor to live ; I plow and I plant and I sow, I reap and I thresh and I mow; Having made it a rule of my life By Ho means to meddle with strife, "Keep cool,?why differ ? 0 fie! Be happy, be happy," said I. "When I was a lad in my teens, Just living up snug to my means, I whistled and sung like the quail, All jolly and hearty and hail? I hated contention and feud, And chiding tho rough and the rude, ^ "Keep coolwhy differ ? 0 fie ! Be happy, be happy," said I. I saw a man and wife in a spat, A quarrel, a scratch, and all that ; A brother and sister at strife, Sad picture of poor human life! "0 let us have family peace, AH dispord and bickeringpease. Keep cool j=-why differ ? O fie! Be happy, be happy," said I. Shall Christians and neighbors fall out Their doctrinal notions about ? For words and for trifles contend, In spite of all claims of a friend ? Ah ! such vain commotion Never favors devotion. "Keep cool;?why differ? Ofie! ?e happy, be happy,5' said Two farmers once went into law, . V .. B. 1 - - -1 ~ AOUtuen "(wan jaugie uuu juw, Contending, like tigers, for what, To either, was scarce worth a groat! At length their heat died away, And methought I heard both of them say,? "Keep cool;?why differ ? 0 fie 1 Be happy, be happy," say I. A watchman was passing up street, Two rummies he happened to meet, Vto, pacb, by the virtue of blows, Was adorned with a huge, bloody nose! "Avast here, gouging," said he ; "And off to the Police with me!" "Keep cool;?why differ ? 0 fie! Be happy, be happy," said I. See now how political strife, Throughout all the Union so rife, Oft sets a whole host by the ears, With rancorus gibing and jeers! ^by cberiih stfch passiahi such ire, pourtjng retaliation and fire ? "Keep cool;?why differ? 0 fie? 1 Be happy, be happy," say I. So friends, let me ask, where's the good In keeping forever out of mood ? Unsocial, ill-humored, and sour, Returning each smile with a lour? Let's have neither murmur nor scowl ; Serene in fair weather and foul, ?'^e6p pooliihy differ 1 0 fie j Be happy, be happy," say J, Ben Barleycorn. (tvuvavj;* ^roui the Newberry Conservatist. KING'S MOUNTAIN. 'Bring forth the horse!'?such was thi poetic command given, when it was announ ced that I wished to visit the battle-ground o Ring's fountain. {The hotse was brought, ?and although he was not of the Ukraine breed, ' Who looked as though the speed of thought Were in his limbs, Yet, under the rule, that the same catas trophe can result from opposite conditions o: causes, I think I ran the same risk of having my neck broken, through the clumsiness o my steed, as Muzeppa did from the activity gf hi?j in the famous ride tq Tartly. *Jim was a portly roan, with much benignity o countenance, and meekness of demeanor.? Indeed, his head was bowed with such an ai of resignation, that I felt reluctant tomoun him; the more so, when I detected a trem hling in his knees, and found them coverei ?7ith ccara, as if he had suftered from som inhuman treatment. He was bridled with: mild annfflp and sn little was the nrobabilit' of his tossing his head, that martingales wer deemed an incumbrance. Upon his bad was an old-fashioned saddle, ^itha vast are; qf s^irt, ?tting snugly against his s;da, am an elevated pommel, upon which the ride could rest himself, when overtaken by a fi " of laziness or meditation. The stirrups wer of a pattern now entirely extinct. The; were once very costly, and regarded as i friijmph iq invention- They opened 'with i joint, and, by releasing the foot, prevontei the rider from being dragged, when he fel from his horse;?the inventor, no doubt proceeding upon the supposition, that i would bo less revolting to a jury of inquest for a man to have his brains dashed out up on the ground, than to have them kicke< out by an infuriated beast. 'Does this horse stumble ?' 'No, sah, he don't 'cisely stumble; he' poly a moderate tippe?.' Provided with a passport, which Mr. Mont gomery, the obliging Superintendant of th Pearlittle Iron Works, gave me, direotcd t Maj. Borders of the King's Creek foundrj representing me as a person above suspicion and requiring the Major to procure me a intelligent guide, I mounted the roan at nin ^ o'clock. I had scarcely passed the gate, be y fore I was struok with the parallel betwee moderate drinking and moderate tippling.? If the one results in confirmed drunkenness as Temperance reformers assert, the othe surely ends in downright stumbling. Roa candidly displayed his gaits to me, and, a his trqt #as too abrupt and labored, and hi amble an awkward affectation, I selected hi bowed his head, in acknowledg mentof my excellent judgment, and, throw A'? liin T mt lug me reius upuu UID ucu, a. ujj I self for the scenery around m^. L i'he road gradually ascended, until I ai \ tained a height that commanded an exter L sive view on either side. Looking over th ' black jaoks, which have taken the place < | the pine3 converted into coal, for the redut I tion of iron ore, I noticed, on my right, th [ usual broken country common to the uppe districts. But the prospect, on my left, wa eminently picturesque; for at a distance c forty miles from me, the Blue Uidge swep L along like a line of tossing cavalry, and per A etrated a phalanx of clouds arrayed upon th north-western horizon. Besides this blu mountain range, nothing interested me, ea cept a round knob, some fifteen miles ahea ? ??-???? of mc, appeariog now and then through the vacancies in the forest. It was, however, not King's Mountain. After two hours ride, r I began to descend from the ridge, and the abundance of slag, with which the roadside was strewed, convinced me, that I was approaching the foundry, which Maj. Borders supervised. Emerging from a pine thicket, I suddenly came in full view of the King's Mountain Crag. I clapped my hands in ecstacy, and had got well into a train of poetic reflections, when Roan plunged into a stumble the most prolonged and complicated, that ever unsettled a rider. I was pitched over the pommel of the saddle, and caught | with my hands and knees upon his neck, where I sustained myself, in the posture of a crouching Indian, until the old horse righted himself, which he did with a grunt, coming so evidently from the bottom of his?his heart, that I forgave him, although he has, undoubtedly, occasioned a gap of I do not know how many pages in these recollections of my excursion to King's Mountain. Presentingmy credentials to Maj. Borders, whom I found a plain-spoken, kind-hearted gentleman, he said, after reading the part of my passport requiring him to provide me with 'an intelligent guide,' 'J don't know that I can do any better than to go with you myself.' 'Nothing will delight me more, Major. I have no doubt you can tell me about the battle of King's Mountain.' 'Why, sir,' he said, 'I was born and raised near the place, and I have many a time listened to many an old man telling about the battle?men whp were in it, and who settled down and d}ed in the neighborhood, after the war. I think I can give you all the information you waDt.' 'Then, Major, mount your horse and let us be going.' In a few minutes, Major Borders and I i.ii?- a. i J were ciaueriug uver iuw uriuge actuna i\iug o Creek?he upon a freckled gray and J-=~ 4J spc they have given you the roan to ride,' said the Major. 'Yes,' I replied. 'Are you acquainted with him ? 'Oh, very well. You see, these two horses are continually passing from one forge to the other. I hope he hasn't stumbled with you.' 'Why Major, I do not kno.w?'wbetber^? th? word stumbk is exaotly significant of the ?a?' 'Ah, bless my soul!' interrupted the Ma, jor, 'they should have cautioned you. Roan does very well going up a slope; but it requires some management to get him down one without accident : so, while buve an . asfleuding VGu j, i think we had better proceed briskly.' 'I am entirely at your disposal, Major.' We dashed off at our utmost speed, the , freckled gray maintaining a steady sure-footed trot, while Roan made a pot pourrioi his f gaits, without aqy modulation between them i b'or two miles we passed through a poor, uninteresting country, my recompense for the dreary ride being the progress I made in the acquaintance of Major Borders, to whom, I long for an opportunity of repaying his kind attentions to me. At length, we came to an r opening in the forest, and the scene sudden1 lv chanced from black iacks and dwarf pines, r v o ? # to a cultivated valley, across which, at the distance of three fourths of a mile, stood a " prominent mountain, with a spur of half its altitude, setting off towards the east. Some distance to the right I saw the rouud knob r which had, several times before attracted my attention?its clear blue, when I first ' saw it, being now tinged with purple from my nearer proximity to it. e 'What eminence is that over yonder, Maa jor?' P 'That is Henry's Knob.' ? 'And that down there, to the left, is King's Mountain ?' * ?Oh, no sir,' ?eplied the Major, 'that's Browu's Mountain.' t 'I thought we could not be so near to ' King's Mountain ; for, from the glimpses I have caught of it, I suppose it must be ten miles from here, and I fear I will not be able t0 get back tu Mr. Montgomery's toj night.' 'Oh, that's the King's Mountain Crag in North Carolina. JJut the battle wasn't fought ^ there.' 'Where, then, was it fought ?' 'On a little knob, a mile the other side of ^ Brown's Mountain.' 'Oh, Major, you have destroyed all the romance I have been getting up. I thought g surely?' 'Well now,1 continued the Major, 'I've hoard of Napoleon Bonaparte crossing the e Alps with sixty thousand men, but I know he couldn't have got, with as many as five r hundred men, up to the top of what you've ' been catching sight of along the road. Why > .1 1? !_Ji I T 3? .1 i , n mere nam t oeeu un ruaian up mere yet. e 'Well Major, lead on.' )m The road, after passing through the valley, n turned to the right, in order to wind around the spur of Brown's Mountain. In the rear j of this eminence, (that is to the North of it) ^ we again entered the forest. Major Borders then struck into an indistinct road^ lading g up an ascepdjug ridge. This road, he said, ji had been called Ferguson's road, as far back 8 as he could recollect, r. 'One thing is certain he continued, it r. leads right to the battle ground, and nn farj. ther.' * The ridge became every step more elevat. ted, and the ravines on either side deeper, i- A half a mile beyond the point where this e road was gained, we found a cross ridge >f stretching over to Brown's Mountain, : 'Now,' said the Major, <1 have shown you e the route which Ferguson and his army took; ir we will follow this ridge to the left, and take .s a near way to the spot we are in search of. if The high ridge we are leaving, runs towards it the north for a quarter of a mile, and then, i- bending round towards the west, terminates e in the knob known as King's Mountain.? e Besides, we will approach the place in the t- same direction Campbell did.' d v Siding on over hills and through valley^ ' we soon lost 6ight of the elevation along ! which Ferguson moved. Coming intoa road, the Major directed me to prececd him, no doubt with the design of surprising me. A hundred and fifty yards along the road brought me to a small creek. I had my eyes fixed, steadily ahead of me, upon a projection of rocks, and did not observe that a very steep hill was within a stone's throw of me I on the right. Urging my horse forward, I was about to cross the ford of the ereok, when an object, on the opposite bank, not ten paces from me, met my gaze, and caused me to Start DaCK as n is nail seeu u spcuuc. i It was a rough slab of Mica Slate, tottering over, after the almost mysterious mauDer of old grave stones. I tied my horse to u tree, and approached the stone to examine it.? There is an inscription upon both sides of it, and I am not ashamed to confess that I dropt a tear upon it, as I copied the words: Sacred to the memory of Major William Chronicle, Capt. John Mattocks, William Rabb, and John Boyde, Who were killed here fighting in defence of America, On tho 7th Oct. 1780. and on the West side : Col. Ferguson, Au officer belonging to his Brittanic Majesty, here was defeated and killed. 'And this, then, is King's Mountain!' I exclaimed.?Yes, sir,' replied Major Borders, 'up there is where they fought.' I stood for some time, regarding the hil! with a feeling of awe, not from any grandeur of secnery, but from the absolute dreariness of the place. No sound nor sight of human activity was perceptable, except, through the spaces in the forliage, the haziness given to the atmosphere by the coal-kilns in the surrounding valleys, or perhaps a fancied clank at the distant iron-forge. At IMusgrove's Mill and the Cowpens, the roaring of the water, the dusty highways, and the various noises of the neighboring farms rehearse for the imagination the 6bout and shriek of the deadly fray; but here, at King's Mountain, where not a pine tree sighs in the breeze, the mind gathers up those still small sounds, which, though usually drowned in the din of battle, are yet the most appalling :?the blow of the clubbed rifle crushing the skull, the thump of the musket's muzzle against the breast-bone, announcing the home thrust of the bayonet;? the dull tumble of the human body down the mountains side;?the triokling of blood upon the autumn loaf, where the dying soldier has raised himself upon bis elbow, and, with his clumsy hand has clasped his giddy brow. There is a very incorrect notion entertained of King's Mountain. It is not a mountain or hill; but rather tbs abrupt termination of 3 lsDgthy and lofty ridge. I will give a sketch from nature. Standing at the ford of the creek and looking eastward, the visitor sees before him a steep eminance of perhaps, one hundred and fifty feet elevation, the riso in the ground beginning a few paces in front of hira. On his right, the south side, starting up from the bank of the creek, is steep and difficult to ascend. The front or western face is narrow and rounded. It is far from being so precipitious as the south side, and permits a footman to ascend it at a smart run. From the north face, a rolling ridge sets off, and bending round towards the west, comes down with an easy slope to the rocks, I have mentioned, where the read crosses it. A horse can be ridden it full gallow up the slope. Col. Williams was shot upon his horse, on the top of the height, and could not have gained it any other way than by charging along this ridge. Beyond it the declivity is again steep. Between it and the prominent knob there is necessarily a small ravine. It was near the head of this, that Major Chronicle and Captain Mattocks, with their compations, Rabb and Boyde, fell all at the same time. They were from the same neighborhood on the south fork of the Catawba, from which circumstanoe they were called the 'Fork Boys.' In the heat of the battle, during the repulse down the Mountain, Major Chronicle, with defiance blazing in his eyes, cried out 'never let it be said that a Fork Boy run!' They stood their ground, and were consequently overpowered and slain. Major Chronicle was brave to a fault. At the same time, so generous was he, so agreeable in his manners, that to know him was to love him. After the battle, a man by the name of Caldwell, undertook to lead the Major's horse home to old Mr. Chronicle. But so affected was he, when he came in sight of the old gentleman's house that? although thoughout the fight he had exposed his life with heroic fearlessness?he waited until night, and, in the cowardice of grief, left the dumb brute, alone, to tell of his masters fate. John Mattocks was a hero of the noblest mould. It is the traditionary impression of the people around King's Mountain, that he planued the battle in which he lost life. It was just such a plan as a turkey-hunter would propose, and John Mattocks was a hunter and knew every square yard of the wilds of King's Mountain. Certain it is, he did some service, for which he was promoted I a fVtrt r* ^ a 1 n n fa ttt Ua^aha iu tLivJ ^iaut ui v^a^iaiu, a lcyt uuuio UCiUiu the battle was hegqq. His reply to the compliment was as noble as ever came from a Spartan hero, '1 do not knoxohe said 'how to handle a sword, but, with my rifle, I will go ahead of as many men as will follow me.' Ah, I fancy, that I cap see him striding along before his men up the mountain side, tall, musoular, with the sinews of his swarthy neck strained to the utmost in his eagerness discharge his duty. And when enveloped in the return tide of battle, and Major Chronicle's clear voice was heard forbidding the Fork Boys to run, then did John Mattocks grasp his rifle near the muzzle, and describe around his brawny shoulders a deathcircle of ten feet radius. But he fell. They dragged him to the spring, the traces of which can be seen at the foot of the ravine, and, with their powder-blackened hand*, dip pod up the water to his parched lipi. He revived sufficiently to see his companions rushing up the mountain. As they faded away before his glazing eyes, the hiccough ceased for a moment, and he shouted? 'Once more?and the hill?is yours Honor to John Mattocks! Hour after hour I sat upon the summit of King's Mountain listening to Major Borders. He pointed out to me the different positions of the combattants, and the manceuverings of Ferguson's forces. He showed me the spot where Williams fell, and where FerguftAno'o f/%r?f frroo n! f a/4 ' v "Unt ciin Korro n UUO O ICUb Tftxo l/uv vuv cuu u^?u to sink, and we we're compelled to take to our horses. We passed along the crest of the Mountain about four hundred yards when we had to ascend a somewhat abrupt elevation, upon the top of which, commenced the old road, which I have already mentioned ?known as Ferguson's road. We followed it, gradually inclining southward., until we arrived at the ridge running over to Brown's Mountain, to the top of which we ventured, and obtained a fine view of the valley of Broad River, and Gilkey's Mountain. Returning to the foundery, I bade Major Borders adieu, and took my solitary way back to the Iron works, where I arrived sometime in the night, having walked the three last miles of my journey, out of compassion for the infirmities of Roan, and not, as it might be mischievously conjectured, through fear of his stumbling. Ifcllaitfous leairatg. THE PRINTER'S HOHENLINDEN. In seasons when our funds are low, Subscribers are provoking slow, . And few supplies keep up the flow Of dimes departing rapidly. But we shall see a sadder sight, When duns come in from morn till night, Commanding every sixpence bright To be forked over speedily. Our bonds and doe bills are arrayed, Each seal and signature displayed? The holders they must all be paid, With threat of law and chancery. When to despair we're almost driven, There's precious little fun in living, When our last copper's rudely riven From hands that held it lovingly. But larger yet the duns shall grow, When interest's added on below, Lengthening the chain a foot or so, While gaiingat them hopelessly. 'Tis so, that scarce have we begun To plead for time upon a dun, Before there was another one Demanding pay fercciously. The prospect darkens! on, ye brave, Who would our very bncon save, Waive, patrons, all thy pretexts waive, And pay the printer honestly. Oh! it would yield us pleasure sweet, A few delinquents now to meet, Asking of us a clear reoeipt For papers taken reg'Iarly. For the Yorkville Enquirer. THE HOMESTEAD LAW. Mr. Editor:?It is not often I trouble those whose province it is to dispose of matters of publio concern through newspapers, with what may be my lucubrations, for the world has, up to this time at least, done somewhat well without them j yet I exhibit a tenacious partiality in an incorrigible inclination to read, only what is intended for the public, by way of acquiring something like the intelligence which, perhaps, flatter the conceit of those who may more ardently persist with wiserobtrudings; yet still, I sometimes feel a disposition to weigh my sentiments and submit them to public judgment. In thus conoluding, I will do so briefly. At this time, in this District if not elsewhere, there seems to bean incitement for reverting to the action of the late Legislature, in relation to a provision heretofore made against Bank suspensions. It does seem that there would be less occasion for clamor bad that Body merely withheld the collection of that penalty for a time, as was done for the debtors to the Banks. To have its actions resting upon their resumption of active business, or at a time when they were making agreeable dividends, perhaps would not under the then peculiar and extraordinary circumstances of the times, have been more than the Banks, may have with some degree of reason looked for, nor less thaa what the people evidently had a right to expect. But I take my pen to offer no dissertation upon the subject. What I aim at is a matter relative to the action of that Legislature on a subject which has heretofore, perhaps, not been brought into question before the public concerning its propriety; and here introduce it in a cursory manner merely, in the hope that some more plastic pen may uphold it in all its merit to public virtue, and induce a more favorable re-consideration in the future. I allude to the repeal of the Homestead Law. It is understood by some, that the motive which governed its repeal was, that it was not availed of by the people and, therefore, useless; and that in its operations, it was at variance with the credit system, inasmuch as it deprived merchants of collecting their just uues. It is known by all that this is the opinion held by the Legislature that induced its repeal, yet to say that its repeal was obvious on account ol its not being availed of, appears to be frivolous. Hanging is a penalty for murder. If there be no murder is the.G a just cause for x/in/iol ? Tl, ~ i-.O. ic i * ; -LUC UUbU IB) ?/uau bUC IttYY WOO UUb sufficiently known to result in all the good intended. There is scarcely any one, especially "of limited means?and who would sorely miss what they could by misfortune loose?that would not regard it a prudential step to adopt its benefits j and perhaps it is doubtless that merchants, and those engaged in business of precarious issue more than any other class of the community, availed of the Exemption Law. But the Homestead Law deprived merchants of collecting their just dues say they. Now, it is believed, that the merchant poss esses nothing that the little farmer feels absolutely compelled to pledge his Homestead for. In their dealings with merchants, their wants are almost solely fictitious. In most cases, their little necessary luxuries can be compassed through the means of barter, and these would be cultivated when merchauts refused them credit. Nor need the merchant deny him credit who may have it in his power to pay ij? a brief future. If there be scruples, then let the merchant exact a poli cy of Insurance to the probable amount of his wants during the year, and if he lives, and is an honorable man, all will be .right., This Policy is simply in tne character of a letter of credit. The sum of two or three dollars will procure this letter of credit, or Policy, say for one hundred dollars, which the merchant would regard sufficient for his protection to that amount of credit. Why not ? Does not every merchant traffic with and trust slaves. Is the obligation of a poor white man's honor beneath the trust extended to an African ? The repeal of this law also opens the gate of the poor man's little domain, to the ruthless hand of his covetous neighbor. A serreptiotfs environment may be conducted even for years, until when it needs but the extension of the hand to gather the fruits of perfidy. It is not then the prosperity of the merchant, the fraudulent financier or the overreaching neighbor, that needs protection. But I will not, as I have said, Mr. Editor, extend this article beyond a reasonable limit for admission in some column of your paper. The utility of this Law may be, in the vicissitudes of life, a home argument to any one, but it was the intention of the writer to choose its priviledge, when he was informed, a few days ago, that the law had been .?i??<. : rri .1:? ne icpcaicu at tuc last ccosiuu. JLUU puaiujf ui exempting certain property from execution is admitted, perhaps, by every State in the Union. In some States it is much more favorable to the poor man than in others. But, in this State, the remaining property now exempt, perhaps could be bought at any sale for as many cents as are in a dollar. The subject then ought to have been made shameless by an entire repeal. What! draw one with a family of helpless children to the teeth of adversity, to wander without a shelter, and seek subsistence in the wild provision of nature ? And what is all this legislation for ? That the merchant may die shamefully rich ! Would you visit with desolation the little home of your fellow-man, and yet point to the poor Inman's wigwam for genial legislation ? Is it in South Carolina alone that the social ties of our nature are so loose as to substitute all the horrors of want for the commonest comforts of life? But it is not in the spirit of bell-weather to public opinion that I write, nor do I facetiously point at the omissions of others as the result of ignorance. This may be my caprice, and what the Legislature did, was done for the best; yet I cannot but premise that what was done for the best, was done from the best they knew. Had the huge sides of that stale Homestead, now reared at the capital, inspired them with the shadow of its magnanimity or patriotism, the woodman would have spared that tree. Protect one in his vine and fig tree, and you take away nothing that pertains to a freeman, while you leave with him to cherish and adorn it as a source of happiness and comfort A - 1 r ; 1 ? ?A1_ x? A.I 1 J M 10 nis iamuy who emotions mai Diena wun that of his country's love; and the thought of disrupting the ties of childhood's home for one in "the land of the setting sun," will be rendered oblivious and forgetful. J. B. THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH. An able article in the Boston Post happily and forcibly says: 'In looking into some of the papers of the day, one might suppose that the North is one nation and the South another, that the Northern man is bound to despise all below a certain line, and that the Southern man must hate all above the same line?that it is for the interest of the two sections to be separate Republics, instead of being 'one and indivisible.' But in looking at the discovery of the country, we find an argument in favor of its unity. Its settlement, too, pointed towards the same unity. The history of the country, whether in war or peace, has proved it to be but one nation contending against common foes, and establishing a common liberty. The people, too, as a whole, speak but one language, and their interests are sufficiently alike to make a nation in the highest degree prosperous. If the country if afflicted with evils, it may be said, that they are the birthright of all the nations, and that the world itself is but a mixture of good and evil. If we look at the country with a geographical view, we shall find nn Avidenoe in favor of division, hnt, 7 ??much in favor of union. The States, as a whole, whether Northern or Southern, are large States. The North has a peninsula State in Michigan, the South in Florida. If the north has the advantage of the great lakes, the South has the Gulf of Mexico.? If one section has a vast seacoast, so has the other section. If the North has the Pacific oce&n to itself, the South has larger and more navigable rivers. If the South has a better soil and milder climate, the North has more water-falls and more industry, which is strengthened by.a bracing atmosphere. If the South is more agricultural, the North is more commercial and manufacturing-and thus the agriculture of the one and the commerce and manufactures of the other are mutually aided and strengthened. If the East needs the meats and breadstuffs of the West, and the West needs the manufactures, the capital and the emigrants of the East, much more does the North, in one latitude, need the productions of the South in a nartr /HflToranf lnHfiirlo and fViA Smit.h nppdfl TS1J uuw IWtV.VUUV J HUV* vuv ww... what the North has to give in exchange, for similar reasons. The union of these States has, therefore, been established by a combination of causes, io their discovery, settlement, history, geography, and in different climates, soils, oiiowtaaees and pursuit# of the people; and what has been joined together, as by the seal of Divine favor, 'let no man pat asunder.' Truer arguments for union were never uttered. The North and the South by their very diversities, are fitted for intimate union with each other. Each has what the ofter needs. Each is the complement of the other. The beautiful rivers which divide do but unite them, by being common i p t- -4 a\ mi l. a.1 tnorougmarcs Deiween mem. .mougu iuey differ in much, they are antagonistical in nothing. From the Boston Journal. DEATH BY DROWNING. At this season of the year we usually hear of numerous instances of drowning, and this city is no exception to the melancholy frequency of the occurrence. Yesterday we recorded an instance of a young lad who was drowned on Saturday, and to-day we have another. These instances mostly occur while bathing, and the sufferers are generally boys or young men. Dr. Arnott, in his Elements of Physic, states the following reasons why, in ordinary accidents, so many persons are drowned who might easily have been saved: 1. Their 'believing that the body is heavier than water; and therefore that continued exertion is necessary to keep them swimming. Now as'a man cannot retain the swimming position without continued exertion, the body raised for a moment above the natural level, sinks as far below it when the exertion ceases; and the plunge by appearing the commencement of a permanent sinking, terrifies the unpractised individual and renders him an easier victim to his fate. 2. From a fear that water, by entering the ears, may drown, as if entered by the nose or mouth, a wastful exertion of strength is made to prevent it; the truth being, howairor Vint if onn rrnlw fill fVio mifor oar r>r no V.V., ""V v"~ V ? ? I far as the membrane of the dram, and is, therefore, of no consequence. Every diver and swimmer has his ears filled with impunity. 3. Persons unaccustomed to the water and in danger of being drowned, generally attempt, in their struggles, to keep their hands above the surface, from feeling as if their hands were tied while held below j but this act is most hurtful. 4. Not knowing the importance of keeping the chest all full of air as possible, the doing of which has nearly the same effect as tying a bladder of air to the neck, and without other effort will cause nearly the whole head to remain above water. If the chest be once emptied, while from the face being under water, the person cannot inhale again, the body remains specifically heavier than the water, and will sink. Influence of the Piano.?The real secret of the increase of vocal culture, allowing for all other motives, is in the universal dissemination of the piano. Woman and men have learned to sing alone, and not in classes, as formerly. A piano in a house alway develops one or two independent singers. They learn to sing songs; and the learning to sing acceptably two or three songs really involves more training and culture, and vocal development, than the maintenance of an undisputed place in an old fashioned choir for twenty years. This independent musical education becomes the very best possible preparation for the choir; and if the best choirs in New England will trace back the history of their best and most reliable elements, they will find them conquering difficulties singly at tne siac 01 tne piano.? The church may suspect, sometimes, that there is a great waste of effort on frivolous music, but the fact is that this very music, as contributed iudirectly to church music more than all other causes put together. Laws of Divorce.?We have thirty-two States, and there are almost as many different laws of divorce as there arc States.? The reader may see some of these differences by the following statement: 1. In the States of Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, two-thirds of the Legislature must concur with a decision of the Court to make a divorce. 2. In Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, Louisiana and Missouri, no divorce can be granted, but by special act of the Legislature : and South Carolina has never granted a divorce. 3. In the States of Connecticut, Ohio and Illinois, all divorces are total. 4. In Massachusetts, New York and North Carolina, nothing but adultery is cause of divorce. 5. In Illinois, two year's absence only is a cause for divorce. G. In Indiana, we believe, anything is a cause in the discretion of the Court. [ Cincinnati Gazette. A -n r ___ i 1 i t. _ arguing a roiNT.?i you wouia not de fooled by temptation, do not enter into a dispute with Satan. When Eve began to argue the case with the serpent, the serpent was too hard tor her: the Devil by logic disputed her out of Paradise. Satan can mince sin, make it look small, and varnish it over, and make it look like virtue. Satan is too subtle a sophister to hold an argument with him. Dispute not, but fight. If you enter into a parley with Satan, you give him half the victory. The reason is obvious; for we cannot parley with Satan without giving up principle; and whenever we allow ourselves to debate the question whether we will do wrong, it is almost certain that we shall yield. Principle being abandoned, there is little elao to guide but evil passions, which strongly prompt to sin. Death op James S. Scott.?We regret to announce the death of Mr. Jas. S. Scott, long a valuable citizen of this place, and at the time of his death, President of the Exchange Bank. Mr. Scott was emphatically a business man and an accomplished financier, whose loss the institution over which he presided will severely feel. He was for many years a highly respected citizen of Columbia, and leaves many warm friends to lament his death.?Catvtintim. The Drones of Communities.?We suppose every community and every section is cursed with drones in the shape of human beings. You will find them in every place; men who are too lazy to work and too mean to die. Such chaps frequently oontraot debts without any desire or proepect of paying. They are exempt from the force of law by common consent, for it is a familiar saying of them that 'you might as well try to get blood out of a turnip as to get money out of their pockets.' They are a species of gentleman-pauper whp live off of the public in the same way that thoee who are sent to the County Poor House do, with the*exception that they do not get their support hon estly. A man who is in debt h'is no more right to louDge about and waste his time than he has to steal. And what is wanting in the State is a Penitentiary or Work House of some kind, with a law requiring that every man who refuses to work or at least does not make an effort to support himself, (unless physically incapacitated,) shall be confined therein for a certain length of time, or until he is willing to earn his bread by the sweat of his brow. It is no sin or disgrace to be poor, but it is to be lazy and in debt. Probably many a mean loafer will feel secretly inclined to curse the author of this paragraph when he reads it, but we hope he will remember that it was written fpr his eye and consideration.?Charlotte Democrat. ?~ Ol Reform Convention.?A Convention of fanatical men and silly women was held in Rutland, Vermont, week before last. A woman named Julia Branch, of New York, offered the following resolution : Resolved, That the slavery and degradation of woman proceeds from the institution of marriage; that by the marriage contract she loses the control of her name, her person, her property, her labor, her affections, her children and her freedom.' The resolutions was discussed by Mrs. Ernestine L. Rose, Mrs. Branch, and some three of four men. A man named Foster said He cared nothing about "thrJJnion; he would say, rather than a single slibtshould be held in bondage, <Down with the Utoion; down with the Constitution; down wiWMligion; down with the church; down witk the Bible?and let all go to hell and dam-;N^ ^ nation.' : A Quick Quarter.?A boy worked hard all day for a quarter of a dollar. With the quarter he bought apples, and took them to town and sold them on the street for a dollar. With the dollar he bought a sheep.? The sheep brought him a lamb, and her fleece brought him another dcll&r. The next spring he had two sheep, two lambs, and a yearling sheep. The three fleeces he sold for three dollars, and bought three more sheep. He now had six, with a fair p$wpect. Tie worked, where he found opportunity, for hay, corn and oats, and pasturing for his sheep. He took the choicest care of them and soon had a flock. Their wool enabled him to buy a pasture for them, and by the time he was twenty-one he had a fair start in life, and all from the quarter he earned in one day. A Faithful Sentet.?In the early part of the mouth of June, a conflagration broke out in the hamlet of Bard(?k, in Russia, and consumed one hundred and ninety two houses, among which was a house occupied by the Invalids Company in garrison there. Before the house the sentry was posted, whom in the hurry and confusion incidental to the fire, nobody thought of relieving. The private who was here on guard, of the name of Pankoy, remained at his post, though the house was burned down, and then the sentrv box : and it was not till after his own cloak had caught fire, that help came in the shape of a non-commissioned officer, who relieved him. The Emperor has promoted the private to be a non-commissioned officer, presenting him with fifty roubles, and had his name and his firmness immortalized in general orders. National Debt.?On the 1st of July last the debt of the United States amounted to about 865,000,000, including the loan of 820,000,000 recently authorized by Congress. Taking into consideration the present state of the treasury, and the probable extent of receipts during the ensuring year, it is improbable that any payments will be made until after the next fiscal year ending July, 1859. In the meantime, however, the peaceful termination of the Mormon imbroglio, and the probable amicable adjustment of the difficulties with England, will save the country a very large expenditure, the necessity of which was apprehended up till nearly the close of the recent session of Congress.? Washington Star. One's Mother.?It has been truly said that the first thing that rushes to the recollection of a soldier or a sailor, in his direct difficulty, is his mother. She clings to his memory and affection in the midst of all the forgetfulness and hardihood induced by a roving life. The last message he leaves is for her j his last whisper breathes her name. The mother, as she instils the lesson of piety and filial obligation into the heart of her infant son, should always feel that her labor is not in vain. She may drop into the grave ; but she has left behind her an influence that will work for her. The bow is broken, bat the arrow is sped and will do its office. Ladies' Favorites.?There is too much truth in the following remarks of Addison: <1 have found that the men who are really most found of ladies?who cherish for them the highest repeot?are seldom the most popular with the sex. Men of great assur- . ance?whose tongues are lightly hung?who make words supply the place of ideas, and place compliments in the room of sentiment ?are the favorites. A due respects of wo* men leads to a respectful aotion towards them, and respect is mistaken by them for negleot or want of love.'