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^ ' ^^ ^"" ,^__ ' ^?? "~ ^ -- - F rao.l.miliee&co.,proprietor..J An Independent Journal: For the Promotion of the Political, Social, Agricultural and Commercial Interests of the South. {eewish.grist,M>u?h?r. B VOL. 3. YOEKVILLE, S. C., THURSDAY, APRIL 2, 1857. , NO. 13. ^ ? ' ? i ' i i i i - i - i - p <%ia |Mnh I THAT MAN DESERVES YOUR PRAISE. g Know you a man whose early life Had little promise but of care, Whose prospects in this wide world of strife Were anything but fair; Who yet has, step by step, uprose Above the dreams of early days, And smiles upon his youthful woes? That man deserves your praise. ^F Know you a man whose soul outpours V Wild music to melodious spheres ; W Who moves mankind's half hidden stores I Of-joyfulness and tears; Who sings of what is good and fair, And wishes strife and warlike frays Had ceased to canbe mankind despair ; That man deserves yonr praise. Know you a man of wealth and fame k Who kindly lendeth to the poor, j Not seeking to blaze forth his name, I At every rich man's door; . Who daily doeth good by stealth r J!/r a i-:?if. 9 , L in mnajr uiucrcut kiuuij najo . , That maa has lofty moral health? , F That man deserves your praise. Know you a man who aids to teach a True moral worth to fellow men, ( By life and action, time and speech, By payment and by pen ; Who shows unto the rising race, t A thousand pleasing rainbow rays, Throughout this vast created space ? That man deserves your praise. pimtoroits Sforj. ; From Graham's Magazine. sail nran in: "Squire Longbow sincerely mourned the loss of his wife?internally and externally. c Externally, he was one of the strongest ? mourners I ever saw. He wore a weed, float- . ing from his hat, nearly a foot long. It was L the longest weed that had ever been mountH| ed at Puddleford; but our readers must not forget who Squire Longbow was?a magisR| trate, and leading man in community. And while the reader is about it, he may also recollect that the Squire is not the only man, s east or west, who has ventured upon a little ostentation over the grave of the departed ? ?nor woman either. Who was to be the next Mrs. Longbow? That was the question. The public, indeed, ^ asked it long before the Squire. Who was to have the honor of presiding at the Squire's ? table ? What woman was to be placed at the 1 head of society, in Puddleford ? The Swipei ses and Beagles, Aunt Sonora, Aunt Graves, n [ and Sister Abigail, and scores of others, all a I began to speculate upon this important sub- ^ I ject. Even Turtle and Bates indulged in a ' i few general remarks. Aunt Sonora gave it as her mind, "the : B Squire ought to be pretty skeery how he 1 married anybody, kase if he got one of them v flipper-tergibbet sort o' wimmen, she'd turn a I the whole house enside out, and he'd be one a Bfe of the most miserablest of all men." She a said "if he know'd what was good for him- a self, he'd jest keep clear of all the young l' gals that were fussing and figeting round * him, and go right in for some old stand-by of a woman, that know'd how to take the S brunt of things?but, lors-a-me," continued s Aunt Sonora, "there's no doing nothing with these old widowers?they're all like my Cn- ij cle Jo, who married in a hurry, anu repent- c ed arterwards?and the poor dear old soul arn't had a minute's peace siuce." " The Swipeses and Beagles, who, it will SI be recollected, belonged to a clique that had ^ in times past, warred against Longbow & Co., " "tho't it would be shameful for the Squire ^ , to marry at all?it would be an insult agin v the memory of poor old Mrs. Longbow, who 0 was dead and gone. (borne people, you |" kuow, reader, abuse the living, but defend a the dead.) " Aud if the Squire should mar- P ry, they should think for their part, that u she'd rise up out of her grave, and haunt him ! She could never sleep easy, if she h know'd that the Squire had got some other woman, who was eating her presarves, and i wearing out her clothes, and lording it over ^ the house like all possess'd." S! Other opinions were expressed by other " persons?in fact, the Squire's widowhood ^ was the great concern of Puddleford. "He t( was so well on to do," as Aunt Sonora used a to call it, that he was considered a great f( "catch." After a few weeks of sorrow, the Squire G himself really began to entertain notions of a matrimony. It is true, he had passed the g age of sixty, and it required a great effort h i to get up a sufficient amount of romance to " carry out such an enterprise. Symptoms be- c gan, however, to wax strong The first alarm- g ing indication was his attendance at church. . e The Squire had always been a kind of heath-1 ( en, in this respect, and had for many years i ri set a poor example; but people, who want \ t< to marry, will go to church. Whether this j ^ is done to get up a reputation, or simply to it take a survey of the unappropriated female , sj WP stock yet remaining on baud, I cannot say. , si I Tim tttoc <(firDr1 im" utviQ??infrl\r tVio 1 r? JL HV U'j Ukt V II UC AAWXVVft UUIUlillJplJ IlilV U first time 1 saw him at church. His hair ( had been cut, and thoroughly greased. His h i shirt-collar covered his ears; and his boots h shone like a minor. Aunt Sonora said he d looked "eoymost as good as new." Aunt; a Graves was iu the choir that day, and she y sung as she never sang before. She blowed h all the heavy strains of music?strains that i si lifted her on her toes?directly into Squire j d Longbow's face. Whether Aunt Graves had ! r; any design in this, is more than I can say; | " but I noticed some twinges about the Squire's ; s* 1 lips, and a sleepy wiuk of the eye, that look- j d cd a little like magnetism. It was ridicul- j d ous, too, that such an old castle should be ; d stormed by music. Hut the Squire exhibited other symptoms j ? of matrimony. He grew more pompous in 11. his decisions, disposed of cases more sum- a ^ marily, and quoted law-latin more frequent- a ly. It was about this time that he talked ii about the 'mux vomica" instead of "vox ! before the case was half presented; and, in the language of Turtle, "he tore around at a j great rate." Turtle said "the old Squire was getting to be an old fool, and he was goin' to have him married, or dismissed from office?there wam'tno livin' with him." There were a great many anxious mothers about Puddleford, who were very desirous of forming an alliance with the Longbow family. Even Mrs. Swipes, as much as she openly opposed the Squire's marriage in general, secretly hoped a spark might be struck up between him and her daughter, Mary Jane Arabella Swipes; and Mrs Swipes was in the habit of sending her daughter over to the Squire's house, to inquire of him "to know if she couldn't do sumthin' for him in his melancholy condition;" and Sister Abigail went several times to "put things to rights," ind was as kind and obliging, and attentive to all the Squire's wants, as ever Mrs. Longbow was in her palmiest days. On these occasions, Sister Abigail used frequently to renind the Squire of "his great beravement, tnd what an angel of a wife he had lost; md that things didn't look as they used to lo, when she was around, and she didn't vonder he took on so, when the poor thing lied." J Tl_ _ m. Al _ 1 1 3 JiL! dug, reauer, iae xurue nau oraerea inings >therwise. He was determined to strike up l match between the Squire and Aunt Graves. 3o Ike made a special visit to Aunt Graves me evening, for the purpose of "surveying ind sounding along the coast, to see how the vaters laid, and how the old soul would take t," to use his language. I have already given an outline of Aunt craves; but I will now say farther, that she lever had an offer of matrimony in her whole ife. She was what is termed a "touchy" ?ld maid. She professed to hate men, and iffected great distress of mind when thrown nto their society. Aunt Graves was just roning down the seams of a coat that she lad finished, when Ike called. Ike opened the conversation by reminding kunt Graves that "she was livin' along kinler lonely like." "Lonely 'nough, I s'pose," she replied, ' nappishly. "Don't you never have the blues, and get ' orter obstrep'rous?" ! Aunt Graves "didn't know as she did." "Why, in the name of old Babylon, don't ou marry V "Marry ! Me marry?marry a man?a 1 reat, awful man !" and the iron flew throueh i he seams like lightning. "Yes," continued Ike, "marry?marry a j lan?why, woman, you are getting as old 1 nd yellow as autumn leaves. What have ou been livin for??you've broken all the iws of Scripter inter pieces?and keep on 1 reakin' on 'em?adding sin unto sin, and ' rausgression unto transgression, and the hing's got-ter be stopped. Now, Aunt Graves 1 rhat do you think?there's Squire Longbow, 1 s desolate as Sodom, and he's got-ter have woman, or the old man'll run as crazy as ^ loon a-thinkin' 'bout his household affairs; nd you know how to cook, and to wash, and 3 iron, to make pickles and soap; and then, ou're a proper age?what say ?" Aunt Graves ran to the fire, plunged her pose into the ashes, and gave the coals a ( mart stir. She then dropped down in her urge rocking-chair, leaned her cheek upon ?r elbow, fixed her eyes upon the floor, and ame near goiDg off into hysterics. Ike dasheda little water into Aunt Graves' ice, and she revived. After having gained trength, she replied in substance to Ike's uery in a very languishing, die-away air: < She couldn't say?she didn't know?if it ras a duty?if she could really believe it >'as a duty?if she was called on to fill poor | Id dead-and-gone Mrs. Longbow's place? jlks were born inter the world to do good, nd she had so far been one of the most un rofitablest of servants; but she could never ' jarryon her own account?" . "In other words," exclaimed Ike, cutting er short, "you'll go it." Aunt Graves agreed to "reflect on't." 1 It was not long after this consultation that Frc Sfuinoc Koryfin tn (fcmnll o rof " no qVio Aiw? V n ?|/vu VV OlUVtl (A iut| uu ouw lid. She commanded Mary Jane Arabella never to darken the doors of that old hog, longbow, agin; and as for that female crit- r ir, Graves, she'd got a husband living down 'r t the East'ard, and they'd all get into prison >r life the first thing they know'd." Sister Abigail declared "she'd have Aunt t Iraves turned out of church, if she married j f man who warn't a member." This was a s reat deal for Sister Abigail to say, for she I f ad been the bosom friend of Aunt Graves; | ( people out of the church and people in the i a hurch, shouldn't orter jine themselves toether?it was agiu Scripter, aud would get very thing intern twist." But Ike Turtle had decreed that the mar- j1 iage should go on. He even went so far as I( j indite the first letter of the Squire's to 11 lunt Graves. This letter, which Ike exhib- j I :ed to his friends, as one of his best literary j1 pecimens, was indeed a curiosity. I pre-1( nine there is nothing else like it on the face j( f the globe. It opened by iuforming Aunt 11 Iraves that since the "loss of his woman,he c ad felt very grevious-like, and couldn't fix 1 is mind onto any thing?that the world * idn't seem at all as it used to do?that he s nd his woman had liv'd in peace for thirty ( ears, and the marriage state was nat'ral to 1 im?that he had always lik'd Aunt Graves ( ince the very first time he sce'd her, and so ( id his woman too;" and many more declaltions of similar iniDort. and it was sitrned k * o J. Longbow, Justice of the Peace," and ] >alcd too, like bis legal processes, that his ] ignity might commaud, even if liis person s id not win, the affections of this elderly ] auisel. t Aunt Graves surrendered?and all this j ithin two months after the death of Mrs. j 1 icngbow. The Squire cast off his weeds, ! 1 nd made violent preparations for matrimony; !i ud ou a certain night?I shall never forget ' ;?the affair came off. ' There was a great gatheriug at the Squire's i -a sort of general invitation had been ex- i <* tended far and near?the Swipes and Beagles, Aunt Sonora, and all. Great preparation had been made in the way of eatables. The Squire was rigged in a new suit of "home-made," (made by Mrs. Longbow, too, in her life-time,?a white vest, and he wore a cotton bandana neck handkerchief, with heavy bows, that buried his chin, and a pair of pumps and clouded-blue stockings. Aunt Graves' dress cannot be described.? She was a mass of fluttering ribbons, and she looked as though she would take wings and fly away. Bigelow Van Slyck and Ike Turtle conducted the marriage ceremony?the one took the ecclesiastical, the other the civil management. When the couple were ready, Turtle sat down in front of them with the statutes under his arm, with Bigelow at his right hand. Turtle examined the statutes amid profound silence for some time, turning down one leaf here and another there, until he found himself thoroughly prepared for the enlomn nconeirin Pinnlltr Vic arnac nnH I with a gravity that no man ever put on before or since, exclaimed? "Miss Graves, hold up your right hand and swear." Miss Graves said "she was a member of the church, and dar'sent swear." Ike said it was "legal swearing he wanted, 'cording to the staterts?not the wicked sort ?he wanted her to swear that she was over fourteen years of age?hadn't got no husband living, nowhere?warn'tgoin' to practice no fraud nor nothin' on Squire Longbow ?and that she'd jest as good a right to get married now as she ever had."* Miss Graves looked blank. Squire Longbow said "he'd run the risk of the fourteen years of age and the fraud, and finally he would of the whole on't. The staterts was well enough, but it warn't to be presumed that a justice of the peace would run agin 'em. Some folks didn't know 'era ?he did." Ike said "there was something another in the statert about wimin's doing things, 'without any fear or compulsion of anybody,' and he guessed he'd take Miss Graves into another room, and examine her seperately and apart from her intended husband." This 1 was a joke of Turtle's. The Squire said "that meant married ' mimin n AW iV?A AAVAmAnn TTTOP r\TJ C\y Vnf VYJ1UJ1U ill It? A tuc UCI cutvujr TV UO UTVi| mui ere would be very legal and proper." Mrs. Swipes said, "for her part, she thought the oath or-ter be put?it would be in awful thing to see a poor cretur forced into marriage." Sister Abigail thought so too. Aunt Sonora hoped there wouldn't be aothin' did wrong, "so the people could take the law on 'em." Turtle said "that they needn't any on 'em Fret their gizzards?he was responsible for the la' of the case." Bigelow then rose, and told the parties to jine hands, and while they were jined, he wanted the whole company to sing a psalm. The psalms was sung. Bigelow then commenced the wedding process. " Squire Longbow," exclaimed Bigelow?"this is your second wife and.some Folks say the third, and I hope you feel the iwful position in which you find yourself." The Squire said "he felt easy and resigned?he'd gone inter it from respect to his woman who was now no more." "You do promise to take this 'ere woman, to eat her, and drink her, and keep her in things to wear, so long as you and she lives?" "I do that very thing," responded the Squire. "And you, on your part," continued Bigjlow, turning to Aunt Graves, "promise to lehave yourself and obey the Squire in all hings ?" Aunt Graves said "she would, Providence permitting." This marriage ceremony, I believe, is near I i* _1 y wora ior wora. "Then," said Turtle, "wheel yourselves 1 uto Hue, aud lets have a dunce," and draw- * ng out his fiddle, the whole crowd, in five ninutes, were tearing down at a most furious j ate; and when I departed, at about midlight, the storm was raging still higher, the ivhiskey and hot-water circulated freely, Turtle looked quite abstracted about his eyes, i ind his footsteps were growing more and 1 nore uncertain, Bulliphant's face shone like i drummond-light, the voices of the females, / i little stimulated, were as noisy and con- ^ 'used as those of Babel, and your humble iervant?why, he walked home as straight 1 is a gun?of course he did?and was able to listinguish a hay-stack from a meeting-house, 1 inywhere along the road. J Keep Your Sabbath.?Be jealous on Q his point. Whether you live in town or j :ountry, resolve not to profane your Sabbath, ind in the end you will give over earing for ,-our soul. The steps which lead to this are egular. Begin with not honoring God's j lay, aud you will not honor God's house, ] lease to honor God's book, and by-and-by i fou will give God no honor at all. Let any j )oe lay the foundation with no Sabbath,'and [ am never surprised if he finishes with the i t opstone of no God. It was a remarkable c laying of Judge Hale, that of all persons s jouvictcd of capital crimes while he was ] lpon the bench, he found a few who did not ^ onfess that they began their career of wick- [ idness by neglect of the Sabbath. , Steadiness of Purpose.?In whatever I fou engage pursue it with a steadiness of c Durpose as though you were determined to a iucceed. A vacillating mind never accom- ( ilished anything worth naming. There is j nothing likea fixed steady aim. It dignifies 1t four nature and ensures your success. Who j t lave done the most for raanhind ? Who j c lave secured the rarest honors ? Who have r aised themselves from poverty to riches ?? t fhose who were steady in their purpose.? c Ibey move noiselessly along, and yet what vonders they accomplish! They rise, grad- s tally, we grant, but aurely. The heavens t are not too high for them, neither are the | stars beyond their reach. TTow worthy of j imitation. Select Jeabittfl. From the Charleston Mercury. REVOLUTIONARY INCIDENT. The following letter from an Ex-Governor of Virginia, to a friend in this place, gives a minute and authentic account of the transit of the volunteers for King's Mountain through the high range of mountains from Wntjinrwv to Catawba. Tradition has trera. tofore been somewhat obscure in regard to the exact particulars of this march, for the region continues to this day almost entirely uninhabited, as indeed it is nearly uninhabitable. We understand that a party of gentlemen propose to make an excursion to the North Carolina mountains in October, and pic nic on the whole line of march, making a survey of the line, and noting its topography, its vegetable and geological character : Montcalm, near Abingdon, Virginia, March 16, 1857. My Pear Sir : The day you spent part of with us, in conversation about the battle of King's Mountain, you asked me if I knew the route taken by the volunteers under Col. William Campbell, from the Sycamore shoals or fiats on Watauga, across the mountains into South Carolina, in pursuit of Ferguson. I told you I had a statement showing the route, somewhere among ray papers. Since you were here I have found it. It is copied by myself from a manuscript journal kept , by Ensign Robert Campbell, and is as fol- ( lows: In the expedition to King's Mountain, Col. Campbell, Col. Shelby and Col. Sevier rendezvoused at the Sycamore flats, on Wa- ( tauga, at the foot of the Yellow Mountain, j on the 25th of September, 1780. Next day , they ascended the mountain, mostly on horse- , flnnrtmnorl of r?ir*V?f in fV? Ok rrn r\ uaua, auu ?v .u mv v,. ( the mountain on the opposite side. /The as- , cent over this part of the mountain was not very difficult. There was a road, but not ] one on which wagons could pass. No pro- , visions were taken but such as each man could carry in his wallet or saddle-bags.? ( The sides and top of the mountain were covered with snow shoe-mouth deep. On ( the top of the mountain there was about one j hundred acres of beautiful table land in t which a spring issued, ran through it, and ( over into tho Watauga. Here the volunteers paraded. Ou reaching the plain beyond the j mountain, they found themselves in a country covered with verdure and breathed an , atmosphere of summer mildness. The second night (the night of the 27th) they rest- } ed at Cuthay's plantation. The third day (the 28th) they fell in with Gen. McDowell, ( ind that night held a consultation of the of- } Beers. The General was without troops? ^ yet his rank and former services could not easily be overlooked. It was stated in the ( council that they needed an experienced of- < Beer to command them. Morgan was the a man they wanted, and to obviate all difficulties, Gen. McDowell offered to be the bear- ^ cr of their wishes to Gen. Gates. The fourth j aight (the 29th) they rested at a rich tory's, ^ svherc they obtained abundance of every ne- ' cessnry refreshment. On the fifth day (the r 30th) they reached the Catawba, and were f there joined by Col. Cleveland. Here tlicy ^ iespatchcd Gen. McDowell to Gen. Gates. ^ This is as far as 1 copied from Col. Dob- j jrt Campbell's manuscript. I have, however, v diis further memorandum : i The battle was fought on Saturday, the 0 rth of October. On the next Saturday a :ourt martial was held for the trial of certain j prisoners charged with various offences. I have no account of the movements each lay of the forces after the 30th of Septem- n )er up to the 7th of October, further than a vhat is stated in the official account. Most p ruly, your friend, s DAVID CAMPBELL. c List of Officers in command of Col. Camp- I bell's Regiment: u Major?William Edmondson. 11 Captains?James Dysart. Robert Craig, r iVudrew Colvill, David Beatie, William Neil, , I Andrew Edmondson, William Edmondson. Lieutenants commanding pert* of Com- t mnies?Rcece Bowen, William Russell, I Thomas McCulloch. t Lieutenants?Samuel Newell, Robert Ednondson, 2d., William Crabtrec. c Ensigns?Robert Campbell, James Oorry, 1' Nathaniel Dryden, Huraberson Lyon, James o /urd, Nathauiel Guist.. a I have found difficulty in forming the list 1 ?f those in command, as many officers volinteered as privates. I believe the above c s correct. a t AN OLD PORT. p In Florida the old fort familiar called St. v darks, but since the purchase from Spain, t i'ort Marion, is constructed of coquina stone, ii The following Is an interesting description of g t. s This fort is just a century old, having >een built in 1756. It cost immense sums a if money and is strong enough to have with- a tood, in its time, several formidable sieges, a t is probably the most stupendous, and cer- h ainly the most interesting piece of masonry c n the United States. It contains dungeons p vhich are said to have witnessed scenes of ti nquisitorial atrocity, and whose floors have k )een stained by the bloody tyrannies of a t; lark and cruel age. There is also a Chapel c ind numerous guard-rooms for theaccoramo- t; lation of soldiers within its massive walls, c The whole is surrounded by a mote, which p vas formerly crossed by two ancient draw- o )ridges. Modeled after the old feudal forms n if defence, each bastion is crowned by a tur-<^ et for sentinels, and has an air of antiquity, si (ordering on the romantic, as well as being xceedingly picturesque. si Over the main entrance is engraved in a olid rock, the arms of Spain, and an insorip- 8 ion in the Spanish, which informs the stran- o ger that the fortress was finished in 1757, when Ferdinand VI ruled the dominions of the mother country. Don Alonzo Ferdinandos de Herida, was Governor and Commander-in-Chief, and the Engineer of convention was Don Pedro de Brazasy Garoy. It is said that in 1819, when Florida was purchased by the United States, many of the old Spanish records, chronicles arta archives, that could alone shed light upon the obscurity which clouds many portions of the early and eventful history of this regioD, were oonve)*ed in secrecy away to Cuba. From the Home Journal. MARRIAGE. Nature never did betray the soul that loved her, and nature tells men and women to marry. Just as the young man is entering upon life?just as he comes to independence and man's estate?just as the crisis of his beiDg is to be solved, and it is to be seen whether he decides with the good, the great and the true, or whether he will sink and be lost forever?matrimony gives him ballast and a right impulse. War with nature and she takes a sure revenge. Tell a young man not to have an attachment that is virtuous, and he will have one that is vicious. Virtuous love, the honest love o* a man for the woman he is about to marry, gives him an anchor for his heart; something pure and beautiful for which to labor and live. And the woman, what a purple light it A. J I 4.1. . !i 1 l!i?_ X? 1 sneus upon ner pain, 11 maaes me ior ner no day dream, no idle hour, no painted sh:.i! ow, no passing show; but something veal, earnest, worthy of her heart, and head.? But most of us are cowards, and dare not think so; we lack grace; we are of little faith; our inward eye is dim and dark. The modern young lady must marry in style; the modern young gentleman marries a fortune. But in the meanwhile the girl grows into an old maid, and the youth become: a man about town, a man whom it is dangerous to ask into your house for his business is intrigue. The world might have had a happy couple; instead, it gets a woman fretful, ner- ; vous, fanciful, a plague to all around her.? He becomes a sceptic in all virtue ; a corrupter of the youth of both sexes; a curse in whatever domestic oircle he peuetrates.? Even worse may result. She may be de ceived and may die of a broken heart. He may rush from one folly to another; ! associate only with the vicious and depraved; ! bring disgrace and sorrow on himself and all around him, and sink into an early grave. Our great cities show what becomes of men and women that do not marry. Worldly fathers and mothers advise their sons not to marry until they can afford to support a wife, j and the boys wickedly expend double the ( amount in low company. Hence it is, all ( vise men (like Franklin) advocate early mar- ] iages; and that all our great men, with rare ixceptions, have married young. Words- ' vorth had only one hundred pounds a year j vhen he first married. Lord Eldon was so >oor that he had to go to Clare-market, Lon- j Ion, to buy sprats for supper. Coleridge and iouthey we can't find had any income at all 1 it the time of their marriage. We question vhcther Luther at any time had more than ifty pounds a year. We blast humanity in j ts very dawn. Fathers, you say you teach ( our sons prudence?you do no such a thing; rour world-wise and clever son is already j uined for life. You will find him at the j aro-table, and at free-love circles. Your rretched worldly wisdom taught him to a- J roid the snare of marrying young, and soon < f he is not involved in embarrassments which ^ rill last hiin a life time?he is a blaze felow?heartless, false, without a single gener- * us sentiment or manly aim; he has ^ "Xo God, no heaven, in the wide world." c VALUABLE STATISTICS. e We gather from the "Report on the Com- I aercial Relations of the United States with 3 11 Foreign Nations," prepared in the De- J lartment of State by Mr. Flagg and his asistant, some statistics which are not only o urious, but instructive to the reader who I ias a taste for investigation. There are t aauy facts developed which are altogether r icw, and which will surprise persons unfa- t oiliar with the habits and condition of the 1 0 leople to which they relate: a England.?It is assumed by British sta- 3 isticians that the yearly consumption of to- o iacco in Great Britain and Ireland amounts I o 26,000 tons, about one half of which, it f 3 supposed, is smuggled, owing to the ex- 1; essive duties (upwards of 1,000 per cent.) s evied on the article under the tariff system r f that kingdom. The quantity of cigars nd snuff imported does not exceed two or hree hundred weight per annum. France.?The article of cqtton has for a v lumber of years, constituted in value, upon p n average, mree-quaners 01 an our uuuies- i ic exports to France. Our other chief ex- r lort to that country is tobacco, the trade in ii phich is monopolized by the Government, b he exclusive right to purchase imported and fi Ddigenous tobacco being invested in the re- h ie, or commission?an association under the h upervision of the Minister of Finance. n One-half the area of France is cultivable, g nd of this nine parts are meadow; four- ii nd-a-half parts vineyard; fifteen parts woods c nd forests; fifteen downs, pastures, and tl eaths; the remainder consisting of roads, e ities, canals, vegetable gardens, &c. .It p resents every variety of geological forma- o ion, exhibited in almost every variety of tl nown relations. All the departments (cigh- d y-five in numben contain mineral substan- tl eB. There are tnirty-six coal fields in thir- o y departments, and the annuul produce of T oal exceeds 3,000,000 tons. France is sur- ci assed by England only in the production r f iron, twelve mines of which are in ope- ol ition. Three hundred thousand persons cl re engaged in mining, and their operations t< L 1 ?l..~ QUA AAA AAA _ QOW UU UUUUU1 Y <11UC U1 VOVjVUVjVVV. u. Schools are provided for only about one- tl ixteenth of the children, and the aggregate lj nnual revenue from all sources is about p 180,000,000, while the national debt is tl ver $100,000,000. tl .-a Tiie Vine.?The number of acres under vine cultivation in France exceeds five millions, giving employment, in the cultivation of the vine and the manufacture of wine, to about two millions of persons, (mostly females,) and in its transportation and sale to 250,000. The vine disease, now more or less prevailing in all wine-producing countries, has increased the average price of wine from 100 to 175 per cent. The French Government derives a considerable portion of its internal revenue from the manufacture of this beverage, about 90,000,000 gallons of which are annually distilled into brandy, the exportation of which is under special Government restrictions. Next to wheat, the vine is the most important of the vegetable productions of France, and extends over the Southern half of the empire. In 1849 there were produced in France 925,000,000 gallons of wine. Real Estate.?Landed property is more minutely divided in France than anywhere else in Europe, or even than in the United States. In a few departments may be found estates of two hundred acres, but they are rora o?^oilrr vionamlnr* mava ca oq ftin law ioiCj auu uuiijf uctUUilUg uiuic auj ao bub lan divides the realty equally among the children. The greater portion of the farms are now less than twenty acres. Improvements in the methods of cultivation progress languidly, and the methods of manuring and rotation of crops, and of employing machinery, continne to be very defective. Cotton.?The manufacture of cotton was first introduced into France in 1770, and has increased at an enormous rate. The total number of persons now employed in it is near 300,000. The total value of all the manufactures of France annually is 1,600,000,000 francs, and they are rapidly increasing.?National Intelligencer. SPAIN AND MEXICO. Our latest advices from Europe, says the N. Y. Sun, give a greater appearance of earnestness to Spain's threat of war against Mexico. It is possible that the Spanish government, incited by external influences, will become so blinded to the consequence of war as actually to attempt the conquest of the Mexican Republic. Gen. Commonfort has iucurred the hostility of the Church, and its influence is already arrayed against him. England and France bear him no good will, believing that one prime aim in his policy is to bring Mexico and the United States into closer commercial and political relations. An idea has also, of late, been entertained in European diplomatic circles that th?-expansion of the- North AmericanRepublic may be hindered and counterpoises formed by bringing Mexico under a monarchical government, and uniting the Central American and South American States in i common league for mutual protection igainst the filibustering enterprise of North American adventurers. While these resisting forces at the South are consolidated, England's possessions in the North are expected to grow into a great rival power, in illiance with the mother country. The Programme of future policy in the fVestern World has been sketched in outline lomewhat after this fashion. The British Provincess to be united under the rule of a British Prince. Mexico, ultimately to in;lude the Central American States, to be )laced under a Spanish Prince, protected by France. We may smile at these fanoies, )ut they have been gravely discussed in di)Iomatic circles in London, Paris and Mad id. A fear is entertained that the United states may if not soon checked, spread its lominion over the whole Western Hemisshere, and thus become an overshadowing ind irresistible power in the world. By the fastness of its resources, its command of the lommcrce of two oceans, and the restless, nterprising and aggressive spirit of its peo>le, it would dictate law to all other nations, nd cause the downfall of every thorne in Europe. The appearance, within the past few years, if the American Republic on the stage of European politict, rescuing a political fugiive from the grasp of one the proudest tyannies, claiming unhindered entrance into he Baltic, and spreading throughout the ild world its novel doctrines of international nd maritime law, has produced no little larm among the believers in the divine right if Kings. All plans and combinations, lowever, to arrest our progress, nftist prove utile, and nothing could be done more likey to hasten our "manifest destiny" to aborb Mexico than an attempt by Spain to estore monarchy in that country. CAPITAL rUNISHMBNT. The Philanthropists of the present day, rho are so eager for the abolition of capital lunishment, and expended all their sympahy for the hardened criminal, without any egard for the victim whom he has hurried nto eternity, or for the misery which he has li it - ?1 _ 1 rougoi upon ine surviving iamuy ana riends, appear to confine their view entirely o the effect of punishment upon the felon imself. They lose sight entirely of the esessity of protection to society. They foret that every innocent and orderly person a the community,?every man, woman, and hild, who is not in the habit of violating lie laws of God and man?has a vital interst in the question, whether they shall be rotected from the hand of ruffian violence, r designing malice. It is useless to deny bat there are many hardened and wicked ispositions in every community, upon whom le checks of conscience and the pleadings f humanity have no influence whatever, 'o restrain them from the commission of rueltv and crime, some sanction is necessa- ^ f beyond moral suasion, or an imprisonment ( f uncertain duration. Shall the larger ] lass of the innocent be abandoned to the j >nder mercies of those who have neither t lercy nor conscience? or shall the class of ] ie guilty?who, we hope, are comparative- j j the smaller?bo kept in restraint by a unishment far milder than the fate which hey would inflict or have inflicted upon j heir victims t 1 One philanthropist wishes the public mind indoctrinated with the true idea that human life is a sacred trust, of which the Divine Being alone has fixed the beginning, oontinuance and end. But was not the murdered victim's life an equally sacred trust ? And is it not rather a violation of that sacred trust to permit a murderer to escape who may put an unnatural end to ten in- $ nocent persons, than, by a punishment con*sonant with the prevailing sentiment of human justice, in all ages of the world, to nop. at once and effectually, the murderous career. of one who has himself profaned the sacred * trust. Again: a man's liberty, the unrestrained, use of his limbs and faculties, is a sacred trust. A man's personal immunity from the l.A Z J A X mi_ _ - - - insu id a Btiureu trust, ine argument proves too much, and would lead us to abolish every species of punishment or restraint, and allow crime to riot. A general jubilee of thieves, robbers, and murderers, would l>e the result of these mild and philanthropic doctrines. The possibility that a jury may, in some oases, convict an innocent man, is an argu- * ment to prove that human judgment is fallible, but not to disprove the necessity of sufficient punishment. An unjust sentence of imprisonment, or even an unjust censure of an ecclesiastical tribunal, without secular4 punishment of any kind, has, in some cases, shortened the life of the subject of censure, and within less than the time fixed by our laws for the execution of a capital sentenceJ : 7 but no one evefc thought of citing these results as arguments against all jurisdiction ' whatever in instances of similar charge What, after all, is the exercise of the death penalty in a State, but the embodiment in < laws made and executed without passion of j- one of the first necessities and first rights of men in rude societies?that of self-defence? . Tn fnr>t. WA n?A it. fn tlio wmr tinn , -- .WV ; which a civilized government provides, by taking the exercise of this right from the rash hands of the injured and using it judicially, that pseudo philanthropists can find a place to promulgate, or. men to hear their doctrines. The whole of this sentiment against capital punishment for murder is a perversion to unworthy objects of a feeling, which, if properly directed, would be praiseworthy in its nature.?Boston, Courier. . c : "Father is drunk all the Such was the expression of a little child who came to our door a few days ago, begging for Sr. bread and clothing. "Father is drunk all, the timfi." Poor obild 1 what a volume of misery and woe are expressed in those six words. Home, where comfort should have an a- sS biding place, and where happiness should dwell as a ministering angel, is transformed into a hell upon earth by "Father being drunk all the time." Starvation, rags, and all the hideous forms of poverty gather round the house of that father who "is drunk all ^ 0 the time." Mother broken-hearted, children growing up in ignorance and disgrace, unfitted to perform that part on the stage of life which the creator designed for them, arc the result of "Father being drunk all the time." "Father is drunk all the time." This little one knew the fact, could appreciate the" effect, felt the pinching of hunger; had-experienced the horrors of the past, and with emotions of grief, which no pen can describe, looks at the black gathering cloud which nangs over ine ruture, rrom wnicn no gleam ' of sunshine is visible, and from which he has no reasonable anticipation of better days. 4. Poor child! a beggar from door to door,"a dependent upon the cold oharities of a heartless world, with words, of troth and fcrakntte proclaiming the sad news of his own destitu- * tion, misery and disgrace, in order to get bread to sustain life, and clothes to protect * him from the chilling winds of autumn and winter?and returning to his home, if indeed, a home it may be called?his eyes meet the form of him who should be a protector, sup- . porter, and friend?but the vigor of hia " manhood is gone?his intellect is impaired, his form is haggard and dejected, and the whole appearanoe of the victim agailt reminds the suffering child that "Father is drunk all the time/'?Alliance Timet. y ?. \ The Black Race.?-Chief Justice Tt-% ney, in bis decision on the celebrated Dred Scott case, used the following language, in reference to the histoiy and destiny of the colored race: _ '< It is difficult at this day to realise the state of public opinion respecting the unfortunate class with the civilized and enlighted , portion of the world at the time of the Declaration of Independence and the adoption of the constitution; but history shows they have, for more than a century, been regarded as beings of an inferior order, and unfit associates for the white race, either socially, or politically; and had no right which white men were bound to respect; and the black man might be reduced to slavery, bought anc[ sold, and treated as an ordinary artiole of mnc/ibnnj ion tvio .? 41..4 tx UiClVUBUUIl jyj jiuv vpu<vu| my iiwv uutCj svas fixed and universal with the oivilixed portion of the white race. It was regarded is an axiom in morals, which no one thought )f disputing, and every one habitually ac;ed upon it, without doubting for a moment ;he correctness of the opinion. And in no cation was -this opinion more fixed and gen? 2rally acted upon than in England, the subect of which government not only seized ;hem on the coast of Africa but took them, is ordinary merchandise, to where they could make a profit on them. The opinion thUB entertained was universally impressed on ;he colonists this side of the atlantic; accordingly, negroes of the African race were regarded by them as property, and held, and sought, and sold, as such, in every one of ;he thirteen colonies which united in the Declaration of Independence, and afterwards brmed this constitution." WWm. E. Murphy has received the apsointment of agent to the Potto watomle Italians in Kansas Territory. ' >