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Straps & Jfatts. ; We regret to learn that Alexander Noble, a youth of about 15 years of a?e and the oldest son of Mr. A. Noble, of our District, was accidentally drowned, on Friday last, the 27th ult., in the Savannah river. He was oat fishing alone ; and is supposed to have fallen out of the batteau.?Independent Press. It is stated that the British Government have directed the ascent of the river Niger by a screw steamer annually for the next five years, in order to obtain a purfect knowledge of the course and sources of this famous stream. The French have two screw . steamers; one, the Aquitine, of 700 tons burthen, actively engaged in the navigation of the Senegal. On her first trip, she ascended that river with GOO tons of goods and 10(f tons of coal, and safely returned with - *?11 /..mi iri ol.-ine nnd nthpr tt 1UII UUI^V \J I ^UUIj nurtj WAfcAMW MMW articles. Tho Indiana Senate have passed to a second reading a bill providing that every person who shall desire to indulge in the drinking of spirituous or malt liquors shall procure a yearly license or permit from the dork of the court?the clerk to keep a registry of all persons who may apply for permits. All fines or violations of the law to : go to benevolent institutions; all persons | who shall sell to persons who have no permission to drink to be fined in heavy suras, &c. The reading of the bill was received . with considerable mirth. We were pained, yesterday, to learn of the sudden death of Captain Thomas Petigrue, late of the United States Navy. He was on his plantation, in Abbeville Dis trict, when he was attacked with a somewhat severe indisposition on Monday last, and though he rallied and there were hopes of his speedy recovery, he died at about 5 o'clock on Friday morning. He was one of those who suffered under the action of the late board for improving the efficiency of the Navy, and has not survived the opportunity -ofinvoking justice.?Charleston Standard. " The Queen of England's Head Dress has 20 diamonds in a circle, worth 87500 each?two large ones worth 810,000 each ; four diamond crosses in the same worth SG0,000; four large diamonds on the tops of the crosses worth 8200,000; twelve others in flcurs de lis worth 850,000; eighteen small ones also worth 810,000; pearls and diamonds on the crosses aud arches worth 850,000; 141 small diamonds worth 82500; 26 diamonds in the upper cross worth 81500; two circles of pearls which are worth 815,000. All these stones are set in gold, and cost aside from the precious metal 8559,500. If a gentleman wants a wife, he wears a ring on the firet finger of the left hand; if he is engaged, he wears it on the second linger; if married, on the third ; and on the fourth, if he never intends to get married. When a lady is not engaged she wears a diamond ring on her first finger; if engaged, ou the second; if married, on the third; and on the fourth, if she intends to be a maid. When a gentleman presents a fan, a flower, or trinkets to a lady, with the left hand, this, on his part, is an overture of regard ; should ... ahe receive it with the left hand, is considered as an acceptance of his esteem; but if with the right hand, it is a refusal of the offer. Thu3 by a few simple tokens, explained by rule, the passion of love is expressed President Pierce has, during hi* term of office, been a regular attendant at the Four and-a-half street Presbyterian Church. Last Sabbath was a remarkably fine day. The crowd in the city attended church with our citizens. The Four-and-a-half street Church was very much crowded ; all the pews in the house were filled at an early hour except the one occupied by the President. He came in as the service began. Rev. Mr. Sunderland, the pastor, in the course of his sermon, took occasion to address the Presideut. He alluded to the great dignity to which he had been called as President of this great nation; of the success of his administration ; of the cessation of popular clamor, and the prosperity of the nation of which he had been the head; and alluding, feelingly, with tears, to the sorrow of that church and the people at large at the departure of the President from among us. A solemn stillness and many tears bore witness to the truthful statement.? Wushington Union. Iftrrington Thomas, an eccentric and witty collegian, of former days, from Georgetown, in this State, or its vicinity, was arraigned before the Faculty of the South Carolina College, for killing the dog of some citizen of Columbia. On being brought up to the Bull Ring, as the students familiarly termed the bar of collegiate justice, Thomas respectfully asked permission to make his defence ; and the privilege having been accorded him, he addressed the Faculty as fol lows: "Mr. President and gentlemen of the Faculty! As I was taking one of my nocturnal perambulations, for the better - > - 1*1 T 1. C uL. preservation ot my neaun, x met one ui tue canine species, who made an attack upon my outward tabernacle, and lacerated my pedestals; whereupon, I drew forth one of those cylindrical instruments, which were invented by man, for his better defence against the hostility of his neighbor, and excoriated the epidermis of his pericranium ?" This unexpected and humorous defence was followed by an explosion of laughter from the College dignitaries, and the waggish culprit was dismissed with impunity. The President elect reached this city at five o'clock yesterday afternoon, accompanied by his niece, Miss Lane, and other members of his family, and also Gov. Porter, Win. B. Fondney, Eskridge Lane, (his nephew,) and Wm. Carpenter, Esq., and also, the Hon. John C. Breckinridge, the VicePresident elect, and wife. Information that this distinguished party might be looked for in that traiu having been received by the United States Marshal of the District of Columbia, rather thau in the one to arrive two or three hours later, he was met at the Washington depot with an open barouche and four, in which, unaccompanied, except by his immediate family, he drove to his quarters at the National Hotel. We presume that this becoming and characteristic simplicity and unostentatious entrance into Washington was planned by himself. His guard of honor, the Lancaster Fencibles, and other friends who flocked round him, booked for Washington, we take it for granted were duly escorted from Baltimore to these diggins by the guards of honor that left Washington at an early hour yesterday morning, especially to bear His Excellency company over the tedious route from Baltimore here.? Washington (Star. C|e?0rkbilIe inquirer EDITKl) BY SAM'L W. MELTON JOHN L. MILLER. J. H. BLACK. YORKVILLE, S. C. THURSDAY MORNING, MARCH 12, 1857. COURT CALENDAR. NORTHERN CIRCUIT?SPRING TERM, 1857. nnmrrnikT n?T'fl IVJ^l VXVil 1/AIUI UnioD, Saturday, February, 14. York, " " 21. Lancaster, " " 28. Chester, " March, 7. Fairfield, . " " 14. SITTINGS OP COURT, e Union, Monday, March, 2. York, " u......... 9. Lancaster " " 1G. Chester " " 23. I Fairfield, " " 30. ?<3?* As usual, the incidents and accidents of Court week have sufficed to deter us from the perpetration of our accustomed quantum of editorial. This must be so; and wc can only promise that, for the future, we will endeavor to make ample amends. Much of the vacant space has been given to President Buchanan's Inaugural Address. It will be read with interest ; not for anything new or striking or particularly excellent therein, but simply because it is Mr. Buchanan's Inauguinl. We have no quarrel to make with it. As a specimen of English style, the reader will think it quite ordinary: as a political disquisition, entirelycommonplace; as a decleration of the principles which are to shape and control the conduct of the administration, it is plain, direct and, in the main, in accordance with the doctrine of the Southern Democracy. Read the Inaugural, and glance over the names in the Cabinet, and you will be willing, we think, to yield, with us, a ready and confident support to " the powers that be." COURT WEEK. The Spring Terra of Court began its session, for this District, on Monday last., Judge Wiutneb presiding. Thus far nothing has occurred worthy of special mention. Several True Bills, of minor importance. were returned by the Grand Jury, and three cases of Retailing without Licence were presen* * " " ?.;il ted t>y tliem 101' proSCCUWUH. xuc vuun ,,m probably coruinue during the entire week. The following Jurors are in attendance: Grand Jiiiy: John Roddey, Esq., Foreman; Robert Stearns, Jno. T. Harper, Moses Gordon, J. B. Jackson, J. N. Lcssly, Wm, Burris, jr., Jno. Garrison, J. F. Carotliers, R. W. Wilson, Hugh Drenan, II. P. White, Daniel Nivcns, Leander Dobson, J. G. Templcton, J. II. Hill, John Dover, Isaac T. Paries, Jno. S. Ashe, William S. Moore Petit Jury, No. 1 : Alexauder Fewell, Foreman ; Win. Cowan, W. D. Simril, James Fitcbctt, Cupt. W. J. Furies, Andrew ITalfner, A. D. Choat, Robert Brown, J. W. Youngblood, Wni. Barry, Richard Sadler. Jury, No. 2: Archibald Steele, Foreman ; Smith Sanders, II. Ilugans. R. E. Gettys. R. II. i Whiseuant, B. T. Smith, Thos. K. Mc Knight, Matthew Ilarper, J. G. Stephenson, John Whise- : nant, Andrew E. Black, 2. D. Smith. Talesmen : D. R. Jackson, Jere. Moss, B. I D. Rowell, L. P. Brandon, Thos. C. Burris, Jas. ' S. Jones, Robert Collier, Zimri Young, T. P. | Black, A. J. McGill, John Ilammell, Myles Smith, ! Miles Johnson, Calvin Whiseuant. ? <??m CONVICTION OP PRICE, Our readers will, perhaps recollect thai, some j eighteen months ago, James A. Price, was put i upon trial at Union for the murder of a man j named IIccues, in the far-famed "Pea-Ridge" | country. In consequence of the illness of one of i the jurors, a mis-trial was had. Bcforo the set- j ting of the next term, Price escaped from prison j and made his way to Tennessee, where he remain-1 ed until last December. He was then apprehend- j ed, brought back to Union jail, again put upon j trial, last week, and found guilty. The sentence j of the Court was stayed by the motiou of his conn- j sel, Messrs. IIkrndon and Bono, for a new trial, I which will be determined in the Court of Appeals, | in May. FOREIGN ITEMS. It was rumored that tlie i'ersian irouuies were , nearly settled. The Ncufehatel affair is still nn- [ adjusted though another conference is to open in j Paris early in March to settle it. The Russians are waging war with the Circassians and also encroaching upon the Persian territory. The Italian affairs are still in a confused state, with no j prospect of an improvement. It is rumored that | Canton had been totally destroyed. The priuci-1 pal news from France is comments on the speech of the Emperor, to the Legislature. Re speaks enthusiastically of the prosperity of the Empire and its incriasing revenues. His hold 011 French hearts seems more firm and immoveable than I ever. RETURN-DAY IN CHESTER. We learn that the ''Return" in Chester, last week, footed-up near four hundred cases?most of them, however, as in our own District, for small" amounts and comparatively worthless. For a time Chester has appeared to be somewhat "under the weather"; but the wheel has mndc a turn for the better, we think?improvements arc in progress, business more brisk, and men of business more confident and reliable. The Court Dockets will be heavier than usual; but lighter than we had reason to anticipate. So, wc take it, our neighbors are prospering. ORDINANCE. We publish in this issue the first Ordinance passed by our new Council. It treats upon topics decidedly interesting to our community, and ought, therefore, to be very carefully studied. It will be seen that the Council have determined as far as possible to dispense with the performance of patrol duty, and to substitute the services of a reliable marshal. All who are concerned will notice that the commutation-tax must be paid on or before the first of April. Mr. Mahtijj Mullinax has been elected Marshal. A NEW CORRESPONDENT. Wo take pleasure iu publishing a short but Dointed communication from a valued correspon dent, who has been rambling among the mountains. While he has his eyes open generally, he has in special view, the interests of our district and particularly of Vorkyille. It would be well for our merchants 'having eyes, to tee.' We know that the impression is abroad that our merchants do not {**y exorbitant prices, but we think it rather an assumed than a substantiated fact. But bo that as it may, the unfavorable impression is abroad and it would bo well for our merchants to exhibit their enterprising spirit and make new endeavors to woo back the trade to our market. Their own interests and the reputation of the village require this at their hands. The character of its schools, its morality and j urbanity, have already given it a popularity | abroad, and wore the wise heads of the place laid | togther, some effective plan would be suggested to resuscitate its trade I give new life and energy to its drooping commercial interests. But our country friends need not fear the ghost of Intem| perance. The pallid spectre may still haunt our ; streets for a season but under the spreading wings | of Temperance, industry, frugalit}' and contentment will cast a beam of tranquility and happiness over our beautiful village. We should like to receive more frequent visits from our correspondent. We should state, however, that the receipts, both for passengers and freight, on the Kings Mountain Railroad, exhibits a decided increase over the receipts of the same months in 183C;? thus showing that the trade of Yorkville is improving. "TIIE BORDER ROVER." We notice that this new work by Emerson Bennett, author of "The Prairie Flower," and other works, will be issued by the 7th of March, from the establishment of T. B. Peterson, Philadelphia. Copies of the work will be sent free of postage to any part of the United States, on receipt of One Dollar. im, - ? ? "I, N1L.ES JOHNSTON P Ilave you called on Miles Johnston, the indefatigable saddle and harness maker? lie has on hand a fine assortment of everything in his line of business, for he is a tcmporauce advocate and wide awake. Call and sec hiin, nearly opposite ' Stowe's Hotel." ? .mi ? ? THE CABINET. The Cabinet is confirmed, the members of which are as follows: Lewis Cass, of Michigan, Secretary of State. nowell Cobb, of Georgia, Secretary of the Treasury. J. B. Floyd, of Virginia, Secretary of War. Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut* jSecrctary of the Navy. Jacob Thompson, of Mississippi, Secretary of the Interior. John Black, of Pennsylvania, Attorney General. Aaron V. Brown, of Tennessee, Post Master General. EXTRAVAGANCE. Extravagance is the most indubitable characteristic of the present day. That republican sim" ' * * - -? ? 1 1.?U | plicitv, wii'.cn orioc auornea our maimers mm n?vits, lifts passed away, and we have entered on a I now career of action in which wealth is the only security of success, and display and magnificence, the summum bonum of human wishes. Though we have no titled nobility, we are fast tending to that evil. Luxuriant banquets, gorgeous pageants and extravagant displays, rivalling the princely splendor of Lucullus and Crassus, arc ujw the rage at Washington. It is an easy matter to account for the necessity of raising the salaries of cur Congressmen, and also to understand why; not contented with tLis precedent of insubordination to republican principles, they must make a speculation out of the appropriations, made ostensibly for other purposes. But the same spirit of extravagance pervades the whole country. It divides us into castes almost as effectually as the fiat of law could do. Such are the facts; aud what are to be the inevitable consequences ? The first result is an inordinate desire to accumulate wealth, permeating all the lower classes, in order to rise from the democratic ranks into that where wealth is the sole requisite to distinction. This accounts for that fierce passion formoney-making which presses the American people on at such nil impetuous velocity. Whenever the open Sesame to rank ami distinction is placed exclusively within the reach of the usurious, the corrupt, and unprincipled? 'Whose ancient but ignoble blood, lias coursed through scoundrels ever since the flood," the natural consequence is, that cur highest ranks will be but the "guinea stamp," and the lower, while striving to climb to an equality, will likewise emulate their vices, and thus we will not even have in reserve, a virtuous yeomanry, on which to fall back, when profligacy, corruption anil extravagance, shall have emasculated the wealthy nobility. This effect is not yet visible, but wc can sec omens foreshadowing this result, and prominent among these, is the emigration from the Atlantic States, westward. The expense of living decently and respectably (which note means extravagantly) is so onorous and burdensome, that many arc flying to the unsophisticated west, to escape from this moral pestilence and to find once more in the primeval forests?"God's first temples"? a refuge from the conventionalities and artificial nothings of fashionable life. Hut in a few years, the tide of corruption will invade the rural simplicity of the Western States, "As wealth accumulates and men decay," until at last, enervated by luxury and our fastidious tastes, disgusted at the purity, temperance and artlessncss of natural life, we will sink into epicures, and will leave but a monument of our greatness, on the gorgeous page of some future Gibbon. A RAMBLE IN TIIE COUNTRY. Cowpcr but expressed the common sentiment of j mankind when he said, I "God made the country and man made the town." However, we may, like the business and excitement of town-life there arc moments when wc | wish to fly to the country and under the bracing influence of the country air and in view of the pleasant prospects of the tidy farms and quiet dwellings, embosomed in natural groves, to forget ihe bustle and confusion, the straight streets and narrow pavements of the town and the busy countenances and enger looks of merchants and lawyers, and sharpers. Besides we not only escape from the dull routine of every day, but surrounded by fair landscapes?God's own workmanship ?and meeting fair ruddy maidens, pleasant without affection nnd beautiful without pretence, we feel new and nobler emotions rise in ourbosoms? emotions of love for the natural and the true. On Saturday last we paid a flying visit to the Union Division of the "Sons" in company with Miles Johnson, the enterprising saddle and harness maker. The division, although but one month old, already numbers about thirty members, and on Saturday last several ladies were initiated to give a new zest to a flourishing cause u.vprv onternrise must flourish over which woraar sheds her "sclectest influences." Whether she b< the Apostle of truth or error, her eloquence h ever successful?"All orators are dumb wher beauty pleadeth." And it is truly encouraginj to see her exerting her potent influence in the pro motion of a cause, the object of which, is to ele vate the morality and contribute to the happinesi of mankind. It is peculiarly to her interest t< remove the evils of Intemperance. For the ine briate neither respects her feelings, appreci ates her worth, nor cherishes for her those genie home-embalmed affections, which inspire so man^ elevated frying", Wtysspirafions amTundefiled, pleasurable emotions. We never see a victim oi the grog-shop, but what the image of a care-worn, sorrowing wife presents itself, looking wistfullj from her cottage window for the returning footstep, or of a lone sister "bending fjiir within hei locks" over the miniature of a father or brothei Who fills a drunkards grave. Desolate daughters of humanity, pease weeping over the frailties ol man and make him feel ?'Thy love is better thai wine"! Bind up his wounded feelings, scattei along his path the flowers of domestic life whose purifying fragrance shall sanctify the "palace of the soul" nnJ cast around him that potent spell whichmakes him feel, even in this gloomy world, | a foretaste of the felicity of heaven, j No true friend of humanity can witness without | pleasure the piospcrity of the "Sons" in our dis| trict. The progress of the cause, speaks eloqticntj ly in praise of the intelligence and morality of | our district. May it continue to prosper until 1 every portion is enrolled under the "banner of light"! SOUTH CAROLINA COLLEGE. We are under obligations to one of tho officers of the College, for a copy of the catalogue for 1857 ; and we arc gratified to learn front an ncl 11--4 ll... tl.n P?11o.rn | uuiupu^ illg IIVIC IUUI IUC UUIHIO v? wwnijjv are in a healthy and flourishing condition. The i number of students in attendance is 158?not considerably below the average. ! The College has, during the last four years, pas; sed through a searching and fiery ordeal, which ' would test the strength and try the stability of j the most highly endowed institution in the land, j The wonder is, that it has not been involved in utter ruin?that one stone in the consecrated ( structure stands upon another to be a witness still ! of the far-reaching wisdom, the public spirit and | the liberality of our people. All the auspices of her permanent success arc auspicious; the Faculty is complete, ahle, and at work ; and the popular clamor has well-nigh, and, we trust, forever, subsided. The subjoined paragraph is taken from the note to which we have alluded:? ? ."Oar numbers are only fourteen less than those I of last year ; but as our Junior Class is small and ! the internal affairs of the College in every respect | satisfactory, I confidently anticipate that our next i Catalogue will show a larger number of students than we have had in several years. I am gratified to be able to say that the diligence and order in the College arc in every respect satisfactory : and that the new Professors are at their posts, earnest, industrious and successful. Believing that our cherished Institution was never more deserving of the patronage and confidence of the public, nnd the support of the Slate, I look forward to its continued prosperity iu spite of the difficulties which attended the commencement of the present administration." EXPLANATORY. In commenting upou our article in regard to the struggle now pending in the. Ninety-Sis District, Col. Simkins, the editor of the Advertiser, : writes thus:? i "It is indeed to be regretted, that anything should have been done in this matter until the honored remains of our dead Congressman had been deposited in their last resting-place. Vet, while admitting thus much, we must be allowed to deny that the people of the 4th Congressional District were in any wise insensible to their grievous loss in the melancholy death of Mr. Brooks. Be deny that the friends of those gentlemen," whose names h ive been announced as candidates for his vacant seat, were not as keenly alive as others to this painful calamity. In especial, we deny ( ourself) that any such announcement attaches to us the gross charge of inhumanity, or even of any shadow cf disrespect to the memory of the deceased. However it may be with others, wc are not indifferent to the good opinion of our co-laborers of tho South Carolina press ; and we respectfully ask thrsc members of it who have so sweepingly commented upon this matter to read the few last numbers of the Advertiser, and judge of us by that record." As far as our fraud's remarks apply to himself, they arc conclusive, and, without record, entirely satisfactory; and we take pleasure in bearing witness from the record to the very high and delicate sense of propriety which has evidently marked his course in regard to the congressional election. These words of just commendation would have been written at the outset; but, to tell the truth, when wc pennod our article the editor of the Advertiser was not present to our mind. Wc knew, of course, that ho w.is not privy to his own nomination; and we know equally well that, under the circumstances, he would not consent to become a candidate. But in regard to others, wc must be permitted to indulge oar opinion, it is merely a niaucr 01 opinion?to be determine 1 only by the conduct of the parties; and, although the Advertiser's means of information are better than ours, we must continue to think that if the people of the fourth Congressional District were as keenly alive as others to the painful calamity which has just befallen them, they might have chosen a method of manifesting such heavy grief more in accordance with good taste. Tiiere was not the slightest necessity for such hot haste; and to our mind it argued a condition of public sentiment which we thought, j and think, demands bold, direot and painted criticism. | In this connection, wc arc tempted to copy several paragraphs from n late number of the Advertiser, which will serve completely to place its accomplished editor rectus in curia, and at the same time recommend him, in several particulars, to the good opinion of our readers. Referring to his nomination, he saysj "Kind friends (gentlemen of prominenoo and I inilueiiec) have been pleased to place our name j before the public as a candidate for a seat in CouI gress. Others,?some of greater merit than we, and all of equal claims?have also been noraiua! ted by friends of high character and position in | our district. Of course, the prospect is one of j distraction and discord among the people of lidgcI field. Several citizens of intelligence and probity have spoken to us, i i terms of deep regret, of the ' condition of things which has here so suddenly sprung up. We hnvc felt the force of their opinion aud now act accordingly. With the most heart felt thanks to our friends in Edgefield and elsewhere, wc must deciino a place in the Congressional race r.ow about to oc| cur. If thero is any one thing :a political life we would avoid more than an other, it is the being in any wise a party to local aud personal dissensions in the matter of our Federal representation. Our view is (especially now, with the Sad calamity hefore us which necessitates a view election.) to let it pass off quietly and amicably. If either of the two distinguished gentlemen (Col. l'ickcnsor Gov. I Hammond,) who have been nominated for the post in question, will accept, we hold It to bo the duty of their juniors to retire front all opposition to him. It' not, thero may (and probably will) ensue a scramble. We do uot wish to bo n participant in, or an accessory to, any such contest. 'Wc trust our friends will concur with us in this appreciation of matters as they stand. Candidly, we prefer the position of an independent Soutn uuronna Jiuiior 10 a piuce iu i/uugrci>:> uu1 dor the circumstances. "WASHINGTON NEWS. ! The House passed a bill distributing the surplus . revenue among the States; also appropriating $235,000 yearly, f;?r five years, for the removal ot ' obstructions in the Mississippi River, from the Belize to Desmoins. A compromise tariff bill has i passed, reducing the higher schedule to 30 per , cent, and all others to 20 per cent.?the free list being retained in substance. The Senate passed i the army, navy and fortifications appropriation, i with an amendment to army bill, giving to Lt. Gen. f Scott the arrears of pay as claimed. The Ocean ' Mail Bill was passed, and also the Civil Appropriation Bill, including the Kansas appropriations. The city is densely crowded. Congress adjourned 3 finally at noon, ou the -1th, having ncted on all the j important appropriations. There was considerable confusion about the closing stage. The Deficiency Appropriations bill failed on account of not - receiving the signature of this President. 1 The fourth of March was ushered in by the fir'--tiTg"t7f cannon and the ringingof bells. The streets, , balconies and windows were all crowded. The f Procession is discribed as a magnificent pageant, i consisting of military, political clubs, and vari' ous fire companies. Mr. Buchanan delivered the Inaugural from a platform erected on the eastern ' portion of the Capitol. Chief Justice Taney ad" ministered to him and Mr. Breckenridge the oath i of office. Congress has passed a resolution dif reeling medals to be presented to late Dr. Kane i and his Arctic companions. Just before the adjournment,*Mr. Aiken, of South Carolina, moved that the thanks of the House be tendered to Mr. Banks for the able, impartial and dignified manner in which he discharged iiis duties as Speaker. We think Mr. Aiken might very appropriately have omitted this exhibition of his politeness and courtesy. In the first ! place, Mr. Banks was not impartial, and in the | second place it does not become a representative ' of South Carolina to pamper the vanity of a man I whoso principle.) are so notoriously opposed to truth and justice,. An important opinion of the bench was given | in the Supreme Court in the famous ' Ib eJ Scott-' ! case. The opinion was. that negroes have no j rights as citizens,under the constitution of the : United States. The ordinaoe of 1787 is binding, ; as being the act of the general government, cxj ercising powers delegated by the Soverign States ' iui iu iiiu iui ni?ki>*uiI \'i wi<_wuuoii i u i ;i'u. u ?aa ' . I likewise the opinion nfthebenoli that the Missouri i Compromise was unconstitutional?because 110 j such powers were delegated by the States. I The Hon. John Appletoti, of Maine succeeds 1 Judge Nicholson is editor of the Washington Un! ion. In assuming his editorial duties he announces his determination to support the Buchanan administration. Tito following are some of the appropriations ! made by the last Congres3. For the Coast Survey $120,000; for the continuation of the Custom House, in Charleston, $100,000; for repairs of j Fort Sumter, SI00,000, and for fortifications on j the coast of Florida, $048,000. The sum of $30,01)0 is appropriate for the survey of the Keys off Florida coast. MERE-MENTION. The Rev. David Findley, for years the popular pastor of the Presbyterian church, Montgomery, Ala., has become a confirmed lunatic. The supply of foreign wines promises to be very short?the shorter, the hettcr. F. W. Holmes has been appointed Professor of History in the University of Virginia. The fifth volume of Macaulay's admirable history will soon be published. There are in circulation in the United States, So,000,000 cf Spanish coins. The loss by their reduction in value ;s about one million. W. Gilmore Simms, the distinguished, poet, novelist, and historian, is now lecturing in North Carolina. W. II. Garland, ex-Treasurer of New Orleans, has sued the N. O. Delta for defamation of character, laying his damages at $200,000. Col. Augustus M. Smith, of Abbeville, has been elected Major-General of the 1st Division, S. C. SI., vice Gen. SIcGownn, resigned. Congress has appropriated $50,000 to build a Fcdernl Court House and Post Office at Columbia. R. B. Boylston, Esq., declines tho nomination for State Senator from Fairfield. E. O. Palmer, Esq., and J. M. Rutland, Esq., are suggested to fill the vacancy. William Waddell, Deputy Post Master at Selmn, Ala., has been arrested for robbing the mail. J. S. lldch this convicted of forgery last week, in Columbia, and sentenced to one years imprisonment, thirty-nine lashes, and a fiuc of five dollars. There is a proposition circulating in the papers to purchase by subscription, a Southern home for ex-President Pierce. INAUGURATION OP PRESIDENT BUCHANAN. 11 IS IK.AUG URAL ADDRESS. Yesterday, the Fourth March, being the day appointed in the Constitution for the induction into office of the President elect, the ceremonies of the Inauguration wore performed at Washington with unusual heartiness. I3y telegraph we have the following report : Washington, March 4.?The procession started for the Capitol about noon. It was very long, nnd presented a beautiful appcaranoo. The military of the District and our community were fully represented. .Messrs. Duchannn and Ilrockenridge, rode in an open carriage surrounded by the Keystone Club, proceeded by the Military and a representation by a lady of the Goddess of Liberty, mounted on a high platform, drawn by six horses, and followed by a model of a ship-of-war of considerable size, made by the mechanics of the Washington Navy Yuid. Then followed the various clubs, engine companies, &c., according to the programme already published. Mr. Buchanan reached the Capitol about one P. M., and proceeded to deliver the Inaugural Address. The crowd was immense and the cheering very enthusiastic. Twenty-four military companies, seven clubs and associations,and several fire companies participated in the procession. The oath was administered to Mr. Buchanan after the reading of the Inaugural. MR BUCHANAN'S INAUGURAL. Fellow Citizens:?I appear before you this day to take the solemn oatli that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of tny ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. In entering upon this great office, I must humbly invoke the God of our Fathers for wisdom nuil firmness to execute its high and responsible | duties in such a manner as to restore harmony | and the ancient friendship among the pcnplo of the several States, and to preserve our free insti- j tntions throughout many generations. Convinoed that I owe my election to the inherent love for the Constitution und the Uuiou which still animates the hearts of the American people, let me earnestly ask their powerful support in sustaining all just measures calculated to perpetuate these, the richest political blessings which Ilcavuu has ever ' bestowed upon any nation. Having determined not to become a candidate for re election, I shall have no motive to influence iny conduct in administering the government except the desire ably and fait-hfii.ly to serve iny country, and to live in the grateful memory of my countrymen. We have recently passed through a Presidential contest in which the passions of our fellow citizens were excited to the highest degree by questions of deep and vital importance; | but when the people proclaimed their will, the t tempest at once subsided, and oil was calm. The voice of the majority, speaking in tho man- ! ncr prescribed hy the Constitution, was heard, j and instant submission followed. Our own coun- ' try could alone have exhibited" so grand and strik- j ing a spectacle of the capacity of man for selfgovernment. What a happy conception then was it for Congress to apply this simple rule, that the will of the majority shall govern, to the settlement of the question of domestic slavery in the territories, Congress is neither to legislate slavery into any territory or State, nor to exclude it therefrom. but to leave the people thereof perfectly free to form and regulate their domestic institutions in their own way, subject only to the Constitution of the United States. As a natural consequence Congress has also prescribed that when the Territory of Kansas shall be admitted iutothe Union with or without slavery as their Constitu. tion may prescribe at the time of their admission. A dill'erenco of opinion has arisen in regard to the time when the people of a territory shall decide this question for themselves. This is bappi- i ly, a matter of but little practical importance, and I besides, it is a judicial question which legitimately belongs to the Supreme Court of the United ' States, before whom it is now pending, and will, J it is understood, be speedily and fiually settled, i To tbeir decision, in common with all good citi- j zeus, I shall cheerfully submit whatever this may be; though it has been my individual opinion that 1 i under the Nebraska*Kansas act. the appropriate i period will be when the number of actual residents in the territory shall justify the formation of a constitution with a view to its admissionas a Sffite 1 into the Union. But be this as it may, it is the J Imperative and indispensable duty of the govern- ; meut of the United Suites to secure to every resi- ] dent inhabitant the free and indepeudaut expres- ] ( sion of his opinion by his xote. This sacred right of each individual must be i preserved. This being accomplished, nothing can | be fairer than to leave the people of a territory j free from all foreign interference to decide their own destiny for themselves, subject only, to the Constitution of the United States. The whole territorial question beiug thns settled upon the principle of popular sovereignty?a principle as ancient as free government itself?every thing of j a practical nature has been decided, and no other question remains for adjustment, because all agree that under the Constitution, slavery in the States is beyond the reach of any human power, except I that of the respective StAtes themselves, wherein ! it exists. May we not theh hope that the long i I agitation on this subject is approaching its end^ 1 ; and that tlic gcographicnl parties to which it has < j given-birth, so much dreaded by tho Father of i ; bis Country, will speedily become extinct. Most happy will it be for the country when the i j public mind shall be diverted from the question to I . others of pressing and more practical importance, i Throughout the whole progress of this ngitntion, ] j which has scarcely known any intermission for I more than twenty years, whilst it has been pro- 1 ductivc of no positive good to any human being, t it has been the prolific source of great evils to the < master, to the slave and to the whole country; it ? has alienated and estranged the people of the sis- i ter states from each other, and has even seriously ? endangered the very existence of the Union?nor < has the danger yet entirely ceased. 1 Under our system there is a remedy for all mere { political evils in the sound sense and sober judg- t ment of the people. Time is a great corrective, t x ne political subjects wincn out a tew years ago i j excited and exasperated the public raind, have passed away, and are now nearly forgotten?but c this question of domestic slavery is of far greater ? importance than any mere political question, be-' s cause, should the agitation continue, it may n eventually endanger the personal safety of a large t portion of our couutrymen where the institution 1 exists. In that event, no form of government, 1 however admissable in itself, however productive j of material benefits, can compensate for the loss i of peace and domestic security around the family ci altar. Let every Union-loving man therefore ex- c ert his Best influence to suppress this agitation, e which, since the recent legislation of Congress, f is without any legitimate object. c It is an evil of the times that men have under- f taken to calculate the mero material value of the e Union. Reasoned estimates have been presented of the pecuniary profits and local advantages t which would result to different Statesnnd sections, t from its dissolution and of the comparative inju- { ries which such an event would inflict on other c States and sections. Even descending to this low s and narrow view of the mighty question, all such e calculations arc at fault. The bare reference to i a single consideration will be conclusive to this 1 point. 1 We at present enjoy a free trade throughout our 1 extensive and expansive country such as the world < never witnessed. This trade is conducted on rail- i roads and canals, on noble rivers and arms of the i sea, which bind together the North and the South, < the East and the West of our confederacy. An- < nihilate this trade, arrest its free progress by the geographical lines of jealous and hostile States, and you destroy the prosperity and onward march I of the whole nnd every part, and involve all in < one common ruin. < But such considerations, important as they are ] in themselves, sink into insignificance when we reflect on the terrific ovils which would result from < disunion to everv nortion of the Uonfederacv?to i the North not more than to the South?to the East ^ not more than to the West. These I shall not attempt to portray, because I feel an humble confidence that the kind Providence which inspired our fathers with wisdom to frame the most perfect form of government and union ever devised by man, will not suffer it to perish until it shall have been peacefully instrumental, by its example, in the extension of civil and religious liberty throughout the world, tNext in importance to the maintenance of "the Constitution nn^ the Union, is tho duty of proserving the government free from the taint or even tho suspicion of corruption. Public virtue is the vital spirit of Republics, and history proves that when this has decayed and the love of money has usurped its place, although the forms of free government may remain for a season, the substance has departed forever. Our presont financial condition is without a parallel in history. No nation has ever before been embarrassed from too large a surplus in the treasury. This almost necessarily, gives birth to extravagant legislation. It produces wild schemes of expenditures, and begets a race of speculators and jobbers, whose ingenuity is exerted in contriving and promoting expedients to obtain the public money. The party through its official agents, whether rightfully or wrongfully, is suspected, and the charactor of the Government suffers in the estimation of the people. This is in itself a very great evil. The natural mode of relief from this embarrassment, is to appropriate the surplus in the Treasury togreatnational objects, for which a clear warrant can be found in the Constitution. Among those, I might mention the extinguishment of the public debt; a reasonable increase of the Navy, which is at present inadequate to the protection of our vast tonagc afloat?now greater than that of any other nation, as well as the defenoe of our extended sea coast. It is beyond all question the true principle that no more revenue ought to be collected from the people than the amount necessary to defray the expenses ot a wise, economical, and efficient administration of the Government. To reach this point it was necessary to resort tq a modification of the tariff, and this has been accomplished in such n manner to as little injury as may have been practicable to our domestic manufacturers, especially those necessary for the defence of the country. Any discrimination against a particular branch for the purpose of benefitting favored corporations, individuals or interests, would have been unjust to the rest of the oommunity, and inconsistent with that spirit of fairness and eaual I ity which ought to govern in the adjustment of a * revenue tariff; but the squandering of the public 1 money sinks into comparative insignificance, as ] a temptation to corruption, when compared with' the squandering of the public lands. No nation I in the tide of time has ever been blessed with so q rich and noble an inheritance as we enjoy in the , public lands. In administering this important trust, whilst it ' maybe wise to grant portions of them for the improvement of the remainder, yet we should never forget that it is our cardinal policy to reserve these lands as much as may be, for actual settlers, and this at moderate prices. We shall thus not only best promote the prosperity of the new States, by furnishing them a hardy and independent race of honest and industrious citizens, but shall secure homes for our children's children, as well as for those exiles from foreign shores, who may seek in this country to improve their condition, and to enjoy the blessings of civil and religious liberty.? Such emigrants have done much to promote the growth and prosperity of the country. They have ' proved faithful both in peace and in war. After becoming citizens they are entitled, under the Constitution and laws to be placed on perfect equality with native-born citizens, and in this character they should ever be kindly recognized. The federal constitution is a grant from the States to Congress of certain specific powers, and the question whether this grant shall be liberally ' or strictly construed has more or less, divided political parties from the begining. Without entering into tho argument, I desire to state at the commencement of my administration, that long experience aBd observation has convinced me that a strict construction of the powers of the government is the only true as well as the only safe theory of the constitution. Whenever in our past history doubtful powers have been exercised by Congress, they have never failed to produce injuries and unhappy consequences. Many such instances might be adduced if this were the proper occasion. Neither is it necessary for the public service to strain the language of the constitution because all the great and useful powers required for a successful administration of the government, both in peace and in war, have been granted either in express terms or by the plninest implication. Whilst deeply convinced of these truths, I yet consider it clear, that under the war making power Congress may appropriate money towards the construction of a military road, when this is absolutely necessary for the defence of any State or Territory of the Union against foreign invasion. Under the tjoustitution congress has power to declare war, to raise and support armies, to provide I and maintain a navy, aud to call forth the militia ^ to repel invasion. This endowed in an ample man- 8 tier with the war making power, the correspond- ? ing duty is required that the United States shall h protect each of them (the States) against invasion. ? IIow it is possible to afford this protection to Cali- t fornia and our pacific possessions, except by means of a military road through the territory of t the United States, over which men and munitions a of war may bo speedily transported from the At- 8 lantic States to meet and repel the invader? In 2 case of a war with a naval power much stronger c than our own, we should then have 110 other avail- 8 able access to the Pacific coast; because such a 11 power would instantly close the route across the s Isthmus of Central America. o It is impossible to conceive that whilst the Con- 11 stitution has expressly required Congress to defend all the states, it should yet den}' to them by any fair construction the only possible means by j 9 which one of these States can be defended. Be- j h sides, the Government, ever since its origin, has j been in the constant practice of constructing mili- j ii tary roads. It might also be wise to consider S whether the love for the Union, which nowanima- 3 ted our fellow-citizens on the Pacific coast, may v not be impaired by our neglect, or refusal to pro- t vide for them in their remote and insolated coudi- o tion, the only moans by which the power of the I States on this side of the Rocky Mountains can i I reach thorn in sufficient time to protect, them t ' against invasion. I forbear, for the present, from 1 : expressing an opinion as to the wisest and most t I economical mode in which the Government can ] lend its aid in accomplishing this great andueces?ary work. I believe that many difficulties in the way, which now appear formidable, will in a great degree vanish, as soon as the nearest and best route shall -have been satisfactorily ascertained. [t may be right that, on this ^occasion I should make some brief remarks as to onr rights-and duties as a member of the great family of nations. In our intercourse with them there are some slain principles approved by oar own, experience "rom whicb we should never depart. W? epght :o cultivate peace, commerce and friendship .with ill nations, and tbis not raeroly as the best means >f promoting our own national interest, bat in a ipirit of christian benevolencbtowards feUow men wherever their lot may be cast. Our 'diplomacy ihould be direot and frank,?neither seeking to >btain more, nor accepting less than 19 our due. iVc ought to cherish a sacred regard for the ludejendence of all nations, and never attempt to inerferc in the domestic concerns of any, unless his shall be imperatively required by the great I aw of self preservation. 1 To avoid entangling alliances has been a maxim I >f our policy ever since the days of Washington, w m/1 itn mSmlAm n n T*T i 1 1 A tfrt ?V> n t fn AI OVllvta Ttt ui'i uo niauuui nu v/uc niu nvMiiu^v w uicj/uw. ut ^ ihort, we ought to do jastice in a kindly spirit to ^ ill nations, and require justice from them in re* urn. It is our glory, that while other nations lfivc extended their dominions by the sword, we lave never acquired any territory except by fair mrchase, or, as in tbe-case of Texas by the volmtary determination of a brave, kindred and iaiependent people to blend their destinies with our iwn. Even our acquisitions from Mexico form no xception. Unwilling to take advantage of the ortunc of war against & sister Republic,, we pnrhancd the possessions under the treaty of peace, or a sum which was considered at the time a fair iquivalsnt. Our past history forbids that we shall in the funre acquire territory unless this be sanctioned by he laws of justice and honor. Acting on this irinciple, no nation.will have a right to .interfere, r to complain, if, in the progress of events, we ihall still further extend oar possessions.- Hithirto in all our acquisitions, the people under the Vmerican flag, have enjoyed civil and religious ibcrty, as well as equal and just laws, and have jcen contented, prosperous, and happy. Their ir&de with the rest of the world has rapidly ioireosed, and thus every commTcial nation has shared largely in their successful progress. I shall now proceed to take the oath presoribed by the I Constitution, whilst humby invoking the blessing if Divine Providence oh this great people. I JAMES BUCHANAN. Ou concluding his address the President elect turned towards Chief Justice Taney, who anvaa* ;ed and extending the Bible toward-Mr. Buchanm, administered the oath of offich in the terms presented by the Constitution, as follows: "1 do solemnly swear that I will fat fitfully sze~ :ute the Office of President of the Uniltd State* and rill to the best of my ability prestrvc, protect &ud Defend the Constitution of the United State*." ,r Durine thft tfvlrin?" nf i? snlpmn nMoBfntirtW the Icepest interest was manifested, and the molitude vere stilled in the most-earnest attention. When t was concluded, and those upon the platform folowed the Chief Justice in Congratulating the President elect upon his accession to office, the ipectators joined in an enthasiasticiaeoTaitaa of apjlause, whilst the swelling music of half f dozen lands, and the roar of cannon announced that the mportant ceremony was completed and James Buchanan duly inaugurated as die fifteenth Presilent of the United States. After receiving the congratulations of those sur-oanding him the President returned to the ite chamber, and was subsequently conduoted^bjrs:' he Senate Committee to the Presidential-Mansion. The military immediately after re-formed'and narclied up Pennsylvansr Avenue, to the place of lismissal, after which the companies proceeded to heir several quarters. v'~* v ?? ? r+' ' d TO FABHIB. J w (as imitatios or bubvs' "abtok watml") v -t ' * Flow gently sweet Tirza, and marmcrthylays, Co the soft-tinted flower thatbloomopn thy braesFlow gently sweet Tirza?for brighfcie the flojeer, ind sweeter than lily which leaps in the shower. Flow gently sweet Tirza, by thy murm'ring stream, [ steal frae the^rprld, on fair Fannie to dream, 'lor envy the monarch nor king.on his .throne Enriched and enraptured by fancy alone. Pho' sweet be the songsters that sing in thy groves, Tis na' for the burdies my foot-step there roves? Cho' sweetare thy bowers where woodbfnea entwine Tis na' the sweet woodbines that make the divine; Tis Fannie alone, mair enchanting than a* : . rhc bardies and woodbines that ever I saw; Flow gently sweet Tirxa, you hring to my mind, Vly aln fairy tnaiden sae gentle an' kind. * ' ' r ' $3$ Sow aft when the sun glimmerslow in the jrity, Ind on the dark pine-topshis gowden looks lie; iVhen the sheep and the kye are wandering home, i ! blend with thy mariners her musical name! ^ "low gently sweet Tirxa?tby porting iraweet, Ls nft on thy green braes wi' Fannie 1 meetl.nd in thy clear bosom reflected I trace' . . Ake a star fondly clasp'd her beauty and grace. low gently sweet Tirxa, and mariner thy lays, ro the soft-tinted flower that blooms on tby braes? flow gently sweet Tirza, for bright is the flower Ind sweeter than lily which leaps in the shower* The Harp or Scotland. At the Albany Burns-Club Festival, reocntlyleld in that city, Alfred B. Swoet, the'poet, re ponded to the "memories of Ramsay, Tannabill, icott, theEttrick Shepherd, Muir and Aytoun," n the following beautifal speech: , ' * The occasion we commemorate elicits the best eelings of the heart. Not with the trappings of realth or power is it cumbered. It is graced with he harp of poetry, and how golden the radiance hod; how sanctifying the inflnence breathed.? [ his harp may re6t during life in the ehadow of bscurity, with the cold breeze of neglect whisting through its strings, but death is the sunburst hat kindles the gloom, and the breath of* world ? tears down the music through the listening ages, w fA Stately and-beautiful is the harp of Scotland. 4 ts frame is built from the moorland hills?its trings woven from the blossoms of the heather, fhe dash of the linn?the twitter of the bird?the ough of the wind throngh the midnight glen? he tick of the sle it against the lonely shieling? he bleat of the 'iock upon the grassy brae, and he wimple of the burniein thebnshy dingle; these, orm its simple, natural, and expressive music.? from the earliest ages, and sometimes from finders long since forgotten, has this music sounded. :t has lingered in the crouching clachan?along he flowery holm?beneath the frowning scaur, iad on the misty peak. It has been crooned in he smoke of the Hieland hut, and sung by the nglc of the Lowland cottage. Tho chief has ihnunted it as he drew his claymore?the'lover jreathed it to the listening maiden in the hazel ihaw?the seeker of nature has recited it on the iparkling loch and by the oloudy summit How beautiful the fragments that have floated o us. on the nreservintr vnv? nt fi ?i I 0 ? velton's Bunks," by Douglas, whence the plainive song of "Annie Laurie has been taken"?"the 'lowers of the Forest, by Jane Elliot, and "Atdd lobin Gray," by Lady Ann Lindsay?drops of lew are these, distilled from the gowan and the >reckan, and crystalized in the memory of eveiy Scotchman. But this hnrp has waked to loftier minstrels.? A larry, the Rhymer, chaunted upon it the doods of ^ Wallace?Barbour, the achievements of Bruce, .nd from it Allan Ramsay has swept "the gentle Shepherd." Burns then seised it, flung into it lis soul, and how magical the inusie it poured.? low it warbled like the mavis?now trilled Hke he lark?now it was sad as the moan of the cushat ?now merry as the strain of the blackbird, with iere and there an outburst like the scream of the ngry eagle. The timid fingers of Tanuabill hate trayed over it?it has echoed to the untaught ;euiu8 of the Ettrick Shepherd?rung like & larion under the swinging hands -pf Scott?sang wectly to the skill of Campbell, and sobbed bcieath the sorrowiug soul of Motherwell. Its trings have scarce ceased vibrating to the tooch f Muir, and it still sounds at intervals to the aagic of Aytoun. The muse delights to scatter her tongues of fire a lowly places. She wafted one upon an Ayrhire plough, she wingod another to a Paisley ooin. Robert Tannahill was born at the manufactorag town of Paisley, Renfrewshire, in the west of Scotland, in 1774. His father was a silk weaver, nd the son pursued the same occupation. But A ttnle his frame was chained by his daily tasks to * he humble" Beat-tree, his mind soared on the wing f genius in thoradiaut realms of poesy. Touchng us tho sight of Burns balancing his cadences n the furrow, is that of Tannahili jotting his ^ houghtsxf music on a rude board beside his M oom, in the intervals of plying the shuttle. With ^ ho exception of two yoare passed at Bolton, in Sngland, he lived and died a weaver, in his native J