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Disportes& Williams, Proprietors.] A Family Paper, Devoted to Science Art, inquirv, Industry and Literature [Terms----$300 per Annum, In Advano VOL. VII] WINNSBORO, S. C., WEDNESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 22, 1871 [NO. 23 -I TIN FAIRFIELD HERALD 13 PU1niisi wE.Kl Yl y DESP "ORITSICI & 11111.1A1M, Terms.---Tnr. Uiw.Di timblib Weleks in the Town or Winusborr, at C3.00 in warr'i.nits advaynce. MYi All tratsient alvert iements - to be iill i dtvance. Obitutary Notices and Tributcs $1.00 por uare. Speech oif Major T. W. Woulwardl bire the Barnwell Agriculinrn 1 orirly. Air. I'resident, Laies <wd Gen1ln'n /* the Burnwell Ay ri'ult urlr an d , Alech an ica I&S c iell : I am with you to-day by virtue of an invitation from your Excut ive Commtittev to address you. I con csnted to accept the courtesy so com, ilimentally extended only after so rious coiflict,with my, ibetter judg ment. lor if I do know anything, it is myself, and I ant as well aware as the gent'emon upon that Coimmittee, that spchdi m:kitg is io fort. of mine'. Still, I was born al reared 1uder that Ill tt;11oul Of (,:Lolina which I yet love anld honuor, that taught Im, that the polito intvit:tiolt of gentle men i'were not to be disregardled ; and 1 knew I hat if 1 failed to iteet your ex PeeCtatit)ons, upon tde stoulders of ur Co immittee wouil rest the resliolliii lity, for having allowed courtesy to ovorride jtdgmtteit, in the selectionl of an orator. -It is iii this spit it, then, that I have coillo (o you, witih io ef fort at an elaborate Csy;: %, but witI a few agriettureal ideas, suggtd il lby things seen upon mfly -mn plalita.ion, and in the neighborhood int which I resido. Beintg throwi together rudely and without reference to continutity of thouight., I havo enititleI 'them, Scattering Thoughts by . a Rtandom Farmer, and have little doubt but that before I am done, I shall have thoroughly convinced you of the pc culiar'appropriateneis of the appella tiot. The most conspicuous objects upon mny plantation and it my necigh burhood are fields of parched corn and wilted cotton, the result of the uiil)r. cedented drought throughi hich %mv' have just pa.sed. The subject of drought very natur ally suggests the consideration of thre A things. Its catses, the guard ing agailnst its eff'eCts, andl the inipr tation of breadt uf'l necessary to supply deficiency caused by it.. Various caues are amsigned for those certainly more frequeitly oc curring long dry spells that Consume our crops. For it is a fact thatt ma* terial changes have taken place in our seasons since the war. You must have notod an inclination uphn the part of Fi'all to incroach upon Winter, indi cated by the fine weather and the late frosts that have been with us during the cot-ton picking months for two years past ; whilt Winter reluctantly releases his icy hold upon Spring, and Im 00ilSCn tteince the planting month of March is usually colder than Feb ruary, It was the custom of our fathers to plart corn in February, and there was ittle corn imported in those days. I Iavo no doubt but that the dry ness of our Summier is duo to that wanton destrutction of forest., whtich hase been tIhe accompanying evil ge nius of the Southern p)lnter hcreto fore, wvhose whole system of agricul ture was embraced in thbe one idea, wvear out nty fields and1( clear more fresh lands. Who ever heard of- en tire crops beinig consumed by drought ill thte eatlier history of the agricul Lure of thte South T befotre our beauti, fuli wood.s had been felled to marke way for that hard miaster, ''king cot ton." There is no fact bietter authlenticat ed thanm the ono that in countries dles titute of forests, there is little or no rain, whilst in timbered sectiotns they are of frequent occurrenlce. Antd if it were necessary I could prove that the fall of water is evein imn preportion to the extent of wvoods and densaity of foliage. I could go furthor and shtow that rain has been suiperintouced by the planting of a limited . number of trees. Amidst the billy sections of my own District thtere are seome mark ed illustrations' of thto above. Little ltiv'er, a streatim once navi gable for cotton boats as far a1s Kin. (laid's bridlge has bteen rende red iuse less for purpoes of nav ip:tion solely by tile cloat ing up of thIe wo ods utpont the streatmlets that fed it. Whilst, thoe tchools of shad, stod~ trout, red horse and perch, of whtich tho oler scttler.4 delight so -mutich to talk, htave been ban iished from its waters hv the clay al and m that have been swpt fromt surronin ig hiills. Upon thie An:v il ltock plaittat ion that, joints ine, thI.rc is a marked illbist rationi of tho agency'- of woods in re-establ ish - ing the volumnsil of streams. Up On thtis plaeo is a small ocreek upon whlich I have fished and hunted for 20 years. I have co)nsegnontly had Ops portunity for observing tho diminu. tion of its waters as thle lands were clearedl ouot its sources,. and have witnicese the acoumunmlating v'olumte, lnnd the clearing process of its wators, sineo the lands hiavo been tued out andl have grown in pinesu. Why not10 then make it a matter of lecialation beforO our countiy is made a barren waste 7 Require a farimer to plant acornis, or pine mast, or better still, the reed of tho China tree, so thrifty and enriching upon lands that he has turned out. This would at least meet the wants of the next genera tion for fire wood. To devise means for guarding trailist the effects, o" drought has beci, perhalps, the subject of more agricultural thought than has becen cx l.nded llol itNy oth er topic of plantation econotiy. And the com bined wisdom of the country seems to have resolved into the adoption of the pIIacea, deep 'ploughiug. Well now gentlemen at the riAk of being regarded a f'gy; a ii-in of fossil idess, who would go to market with a pumpkin in one'end of his wallet and :t rock in the other because it was d/f's custom ; I mubt be allowed ;o say that I have this year seen eupugh to convince me that it* is not only not a panacea, but I do believe that uider two contingencies it were better to have had recouree to our own miserable nystem of surface scraping. The one is whore we have long wet <pe!1., endit g with those tropical tor rlnts that so often deluge our fields. iweepinrig off the looe i. loughed soil and leaving - those frightful gullies that are only arrested by the hard, clay below. Tho deeper you plough here, the deeper the washes that aro left. The other is where drought 'is .pro traced beyond the usual duration of such spells, as was this year. It is claimed by advocates of deep plow ing that the ralo are enabled to de. seid into the earth ; that the roots can lenetrate farther, tikat moisture is biought up during dry seasons. I grant these proporsitions, and offer the fol'owing facts from observa Lion of rains that fell during the two years in which I was engaged in the experimnent, in substantiation of its merits. Which is this, that not more thnn one rain in twenty was sufficient .o saturate a soil that was deeply ploughed and then have a surplus for washing purposes, provided they came at proper intervals; for it is not argu.d that by this sys. (cm you have advantages amounting to ninieteen to one, for purposes of vegetation over him of the shallow plowing. Uut your advantagerand it is an in18ense one, consists in the ab sorption of all thuee rains that would w-herwise saturate and wash your fields where the plowing was shallow. Unlces, however, these rains fell at. proper 'ntervals and not periodically, therchy interposing droughts of long durati 'n, I see ino advantages from deep 1 lowing to the crop proper. For every one before ine knows that if a ho!y of earth or anything else containitig moisture be stirred or pul verised, the moisture is of course the more readily taken up by evaporation and borno beyond the reach of roots. In fact, there is no quicker nor no more philosophical mode of drying a piece of land whoso soil is tenacious of surface water than by deep plowing, involving as it does this identical idea of bringing the entire soil and sub soil in contact with the air. The idea is then advanced thit if absorption is promnote.d ovaporat ion is perfected, and the advantage of bringing up moisture from below, whilst it .would sustain for a whiile the plant, must in case of long drought the more readily dry the earth. I am at present cutting a ditch in a b~ottom near may house, through which there usually flows a small stream.-. The spring at tihe head of the hollow has never failed to supply water for my bathing htouse, and yct -within a dlist anee of less than three hand red yards De'low and in the bottom of the ditch, three feet below the usual bed of the branch, 1 found the clay cracked by the drought, and only to be removed by the pick. Think you that deep plowing could in any way have contributed to bring up mois ture here ? Again, my surprise was excited by seeing dust three foot be low the sufaoo whilst digging for a fox on a north hillwsido where the sun had not shown for months. What man. noe Qf .plow would you have brought into requjaition sto~ have gotten up mioisturo here ? I have even been un able to get'np a supply of drinking water from aL well that has heretofore afforded an ample stufliciency for all purpotes notwithstanding there is a good pump11 in it. D leep plowing has its advantages, espeviatlly upon the stillf clay lands of niortherni or wvesterni farmers. It is overrated on tihe cotton lands of thle south, and accompanied by a turning over of tho surface, has under my own oye rined somec of tile h)ost grey cot ton lands in tihe state. Did any of you ever see aL cotton tap root that had failed to penetrate to its utmost length even in the hardest clay sub soil to be found under any of our lanids? I never have. I have seen positive advantages to tihe young plant by havin g had unibroken ground im. medtiately undler roots. Deep p low ing is then Dot a cure all, I helieve that a remdoy for drought will oe lon g be found in the discov ery of our ability to make it rain whenever nteeded for purposes of vegetation. The Pasha of Egypt has prod ucid rains upon the lower Nile by the planting of trees, where it was almost unknown biforo. And we all know that in the army wo looked for rain after I cavy fighting and if there was inucli marching to 1)o done wore generally not disappointed in our expectations. L.-.rgo conflagrations are looked uon as infallible causes of rain. I h'ave never witnessed sech torrents of water as deltuged the country immediately after ti buriiing of Columbia by tie 'rchel Gencral Wade Ilhmipt on, a fact that I was not awaro of till I reeestly read Shernian and his campaigns." These facts conbi~hed must prove to an utinbiased mind that tI thing after all is not so impossible. And certainly no more important discovery could enlist the patronage of the general government or engage. the energies of the soientifle citizen. Any farmer who has studied the weather during the past summer has beeni impresbed with three unuUl gl4e. nomona besides scareity of rain. First. An unusually 'longo proportion of cloudy wenther;-denso waterylooking clouds obscui ing the sky for weeks at a time, and yet not rain enough to wet a handkerchief. Second, An al most eitire absenco of lightining and .thunder. 'I hird. The sarecity of heavy dues. The absence of dews attributable more to the inllnenco of the eloudy night, than to a want of moistures in the atmosphere. Wo then have the absence of light ning and thundkr -'..;. which to tic count for tihe deficiency of rain. \Vhich is to say that there was want ing either that electrical condition of the clouds required for the condonsa tion of the vapor or the concussion of the lightning necessary to shake out the water. If it were the former, electricity might hale beep'supplied by wires from the earth, taken up in balloons. If the latter, a barrel of nitro glycerine or gunpowder car ried up by tihe same means and explo ded by fuses or otherwise at the mo ment of entering the 'louds would, it sens to nie have produced concussion enough to have shaken out all the wa ter in that neighborhood. Whether I have accounted for the cause of drought, or whether nit ro-gly crine is to be preferred to deep plow. ing as a remedy, you are at liberty to judge for yourselves. One thing I am sure of. Tho evil effects of it are upon us in full force and must be met. The past season . has added effect to that connon phaee old saying that we have heard from our boyhood, that the earliest corn is always the heaviest, and has convinced ime that with proper diligence at planting t ine and with a sied maturing earlier, we can raise enough for all purposes even with the usual drought. Had we planted see-I that would have matur ed three weeks earlier even this year, there is no doubt but that the State would have made 2,000,000 bushels that must now be imported and paid for from the proceeds of a scanty cot ton c op. I dare say fejw of you are aware of the immense amoun ts of corn impor. ted even of ordinary years. I had o Casion to lhunt up the statistics of Ilmy own District for the year ending 12th July 1870 and was startled to find that we failed to make our bread by 134,544 bushels of corn and by 16000 sacks flour. W hilst it required 1034 hhds. bacon to grease the throats of our hungry negroes and 3931 bales, of North Carolina broom straw to keep alive the miserable skeletons improp .orly classed as horses and mules. All this after we had purchased $03,300 worth of commercial m'anures wit~h which to enrich our lands. Fairtield is considered one of the good farming D)istriets of the State,. and I mighnt argue that what is true of her is true of the whole, with the exception of a very few. But 1 will compute that the 29 Districts only import half as much. (T1here were 29 formerly, I'm not posted in the nmodern geography of the State). We will then have the statement 29 Coun ties--County, as applioablo to Dr.8Seotte domain. Far as Districts, "poe .and plenty cheered the laboring swain,tu enty ni Counties then, importing 67272 bush els of corn will give us 1,950,888, bushels for the State. An amount, that can easily be raised at 11kuledy planting less cotton, whilst the in crease of price consequent upon the diminished area in cotton would of itself pay even if it was not assigneud to corn. I will hero bring to your notice an experiment with corn which I intend to try next year, andl which haus al ready servedl mne most advantageously. Corn was selling at $2.00) and the no groes had stolen the larger half of a miserable little serop of (nubbins that had made its way into the world despite the impediments of bad sea sons and worse cultivation and foresee ing the contingency of having to buy cern with little money to spare, I wrote to a frienid in Baltimore (J. I. Mid dleton, who by dhe by is a chip from our own old Palmetto log) to send mc the hest corn usually planted in Mary. land. lie sent me a beautiful yellow corn, the purest grain that I have ever seen. This was planted at the usual time and early in August furnished me with bread for my people, and with corn for my stock. You can get a white seed that will do au well. The stalks were small and the canr were small, but the yield per acre wa good, and I have never seen a oundet or more compact ear than was raisod thero was not a rotten grain to be seer in a bushel, It is ily opinion that with this weed imported yearly, for it d.-genorates quickly in our elimato, we may not on1ly umeet the deficiency for the next year, but for the future havo our crop so far matured, a- to be out of reach of Julv and Aigust droughts. If ygu arec unwilling to risk your whole crop try a half or third recollecting that with the same eed they make from 25 to 75 buhels-it mnubt be planted closer than' our own seed. On good land 4x2, usually 5x3. You of courso understand the advantages of wieat and .especially of oats. Soon early in the Falliand upon good lahd. I. The dilapitdaded condition of fences has conspiouously met my obigptiou psd olaimed..no smal portion of my deriosus agricultural thoughts. To me, they are typical of the t.)ttering con iion of -.ur eduntry, and stand as mournfiul wittiesqes that our labor is ruined and our energies paralysed. Still the emergeney ii us aInd must be mIet. Ilw it is to be done, ii a ( uestion of A ital im pnrtance to t-:. A recenit writer esti mates that the fencing of the United State:; has cost more than the building of its citie., towns and private resi dences, and yet we go on with no ef. fort to curtail this enormons expcdi, tures that could certainly be mn itiga ted in a largo maisure, by an equita. ble set of fence lawo. The phan of requiring part ies to inciose their stock has met with approbation in many parts of the country. This idea of iiielrsing stock ii.volves imay other considerations besides that of Laving fencing. Require a farmer to prevent his stock from depredating upon the public and he at once reduces the number, and looks about him for the beat breeds, knowing that one good cow, well attended to, is worth a half dozen tcalawags. I mesv' the literal scalawag (for I wouldn't gve one good cow for all the figurative scoundrels in the State). The English dairymen consideis himself compensated een"Ia for the btabbling of cattle by the in creased amount and superior quality of the manure accumulated. A plan worthy ofconsideration in these days of high priced phosphates, and one that involves the idea of being paid for wintering cattle and having the milk and butter thrown in. It seems to ie that considcrations of this kind coupled with the fact that to keep up our fences wo must persevere in the destraction of our forests should make us seriously look about us for a,reme dy. Another matter of serious import to the agricultural future of our State is the fact that a conisilerable portion of the lands have passed uI, der the supervision of the negroc by means of that grand stealing machine the Land Commission ; but mainly through the yielding of the farmers themselves to the exactions of labor conventions and to the iandatee of Union Longues.- Many ills have come upon us that we were unable to avert. In other instances we have not guarded our interests as jealously as we should. .People who contribuite to their own degredat ion, ineed expect. no amelioration of their conditiou. Wec should rememliber that agriculture is a science ; in fact the sciene of sciences. For it is developed am idst the intricate analyses of thu chemis> and based upon01 the immutable laws ol the physiologist ; whilst entomology, botany, mechanics, and somic of the greateat truths of political econonmy combine to make it worthy of the years of toil and1( of the volumes o1 brains expended in bringing it to its present imperfect state, What then is to be the fate of this noble occupation, employing seven-eights of the labor of the world, and furnishing bread for the bodies of hungry humianity every where if it is to be consigned to these savage bands. Look at the destrue tion.of your noble old inatitution3 01 learning, at theoabrogaition of many of .your most important . laws, at the ruslevnd prjpitivp 1qo4 us~ed, and our roads, and answer for yourselves. Without, any objection to the negrc owning hand, provided lie caime by it honeatly, andi as white men comes b theirs, and not th~ough the inachi inationsi of the hog rogues who sit ii our Stateo llouse and1 t ax me to pay for it, I yet. icgard it as the highest duty of the agiculturist to koep coui trol of his lands, ignoring coparit nerships, contracts and rental syston: that curse us. They must result it loss in miost inIstanmce' and( in the ut ter ruination of your hands. BRaide it is impossible to attain a systemat ie arnd a paying plan of agriculturt until labor liko other conniioditios has settled itself withjn proper howt d that must be known' to enable us make delinuito calenlations. 'Ther< is another reason foir retaining contro of our lands., Tfhe.popsessors .of.th< soills~ve invariably ruled the corn men wealth eventually, despite thb impediments of adverse logislatio1 and the combinationi of capitalistt And so it will be hecre, 'f we ea manage to pay taxes yet a little lon; In this connection I would like tc digress so far As to say that my pe.) ple, the moet law abiding in the State are loady to say that lnt 0 more taxe: are to b0 wilng from then by vile rulers who ujuander their substance for purpoSex of personal nggran dizement. Looking to remedies from an agricultural stand point, I advo. Cato a more divoi-itied sYtoit of planting and a more general inclina tion for expeimnilt.. A pooplo are always 1rero prosperous who inost diveraify their pursuits. Plant largely of grain (rops and xperlimuent, thoroughly with the roots and grasseq. Recolleet. that nu aere.in sweet potatoes i4 ealpabille of making more t han three times as inuch food for man and beast than can be bought with the proceeds (if your moist luxq iiant acro of cotton. Curtail your ootton area for many reasons. Cot. ton lands are more liable to wash than any other boop.6o" it requires cleaner etitivition-aid tho'ro- is le-ss of weeds and grass to hold the soil and impodo tie floods. Tho cotton plaiter is more at the mercy of our deiioralizvd laborer, because of tho intricate and long continumed culture necossary for developing the plit. W lilst lie id albsolut-oly bchol'ling to himi for the picking ont of tle crop. Tlio graiui producer has ii:s gang Iows, his Istumip rillels, hi grain drills and guano d istributors, Ii i. reapers mid portable threshing mua chines. Tle grass grower has his mower, his horsoerake and tedder with which ono man is an agricultural hoA within himself. But 110 ru,h advantages appertain to cotton plamit Ing. With all the boasted improve mnits in agriouitural machinery, and amidst, innumerablo patents issued monthly, there are really but one or two cotton machines of aliy merit that I know of, and these aro of a kind less necessary than any others that are needed. I aludo to seed sowers and guaio distributors. This work can be done by hands necessary for the after culture of tile crop and who at this season wmuld searcely e-rrn their bread at anything else. Be. bides what would it amount to if we had machinery that enabled us to cultivato an milimited amount of area ? [low would we gather it I You all know that thrco .bales per hand is now good picking for your law making laborer. And here is a sari. ous impedimnent in the way of large crops ; and unless we can have what has so far baffled the imeclaniial in genuity of the world-a cotton picker, muust so lo.ng as the present regimo remains, prevent us from making largo crops only as has been done, at tl.u expense of corn, u heat, oatS, and bacon. Nor am I one of tho'e who think large crops are best for us. Ixperictioe has already demomtrated that we clear most money on short ones. It istnot our business to clothe the world, but to do as the world does, look to our precuniary advan tage. Wily necd we care whether they havo cotton shirts around those cold beaits thit made thoni stand by carefully counting dollars and ceits, while the South, the custodian of tho gentilities of the world, was bein'r stabbed at by the Coinmmunists of the North. Well gentlemen, I have seen enough to convince mie and I think I have related enough to sati.fy you, that we are not in a prosperous conidi tion. Why is it that we are not buoy ant and happy as in the days of old 1 An agricultural people abould be, anti usually are, the most periim-mently prosperous and thio most joyously happy of the nations of the earth. Is it because of the wanning fertili-y of your soi! 1 Your newly disooredl phosphate beds and imiprovedl plans for making arnd mitilIising t he compost heaps, should have met this. Is it because of your changing seasons ? In all parts of the world are to be -1 seen happy agriculturists, whoswe seasoils are inore unpropitious amnd whose soil responids less pr~om1ptly to the coax ings of tihe laborer. Is it be.. cause the eflicieney of your laborer hs beetn destroyed by the proclama tion of A brahami Lincoln ? who, laok inig the patriotism that should have made him decline an oflico to which he was celled by a minority, and true Sto the usaotlatingiTttinets drtho-bei ty that eleted him i, consideredi more profitable to pocket the presi. dential salary, though it might cost .thle .-oo-tch t housands of mnillions ii money anid the whole country its 1ib erties. I see no reason why thh I hIouldl elog us at this late day. Tlh world from timo immemorial has sub. stedi by free labor ; why cannot w( of the Saouth do the same. This lat. ter, whilst it mnu.-t of necessity lhavV c'ontribuited largely to our temnporary dIis.-onfmiie, shioulId long ago havt beci comipenesited for by theonergy and a daptabjibty thiat have so prcomniinent ly chiaracteris'd our people since the Ftor uipen all hands are to be seem mna borni with silver spoons in thei: I months, and reared in tho lap o >luxury who have gone to work witl a vim oftly to be equalled by th< a common da yl aborer, whilst all fano, a ideas of labor not being hionorabl .have vanished with the necessity fo n taking hold (if tho plow. -Why is it then, that succo~s ha not crowned thlese well direntend ca forts? Why is it that we are still poor and despondent and that your agricnlturo languishes I It is beeauso we aro tyranized over by strangers and aliens, who not only do not sympathize with the agrielitu r'st, but whose every effort has been diieted to the impeding of hiis pro gress and the secininr building up of the negro that they imight. the more easily addle his wooly head and theim. solves pocket the plunder. It is because they have soiled the robes of your oflices and perverted the forms (if your laws, until honest men can take no interest in them, for they were on acted solely for the purpose of plunder iig. It is becauso the brains of your uountry have been legislated into the back ground that they might trample upon the honorable usages and oblit. erate the genteel sentiments of a people, to whose high standard they found it impossible to elevate their o*n miserable inorconary.nature,. It is beon'ie'your laborer has been edu cated to look upon you with suspicion, that they might monopolise his votes and sorviovs. It is because he has been taught to regard service under the hviiito ngriculturalist a.; a new form Of slavery ; that all your efforts to save him from that destruction that awaits his race under the tutelage of the carpet bagger were efforts to re mard hint to his forner condition. These are a few of the lead ing dif ficulties encountered by Soithern og riculturalists, and whether thy si vor, polities or not, are rths ud d truths and must not he overlookel inl our efforts for tle bettering of lie resources of our conitry. That the perfection of the a rts and sciences of people is dependent upon the good or evil influences of their rulers, is as t.'-uo as the favi. that the Romans attained a high degre' of per footion under the patroniziiig Augu. tus only to see their glories depart. under Tiberius his successor. 4m speaking of whose reign TI tler as though he had special refereice to these days of ours, says :"-lo became negligent of the cares of Government. That confusion prevailed in every department of State. That the mag istracies were unsupplied, "and that the Roman name became contempti. ble. Futile then are your efforts at deep plowing ind manuring. Worth. lers your theories about rotations of crops. A nd rid1iculous agriciutunral .eirmons for the reformation of your laborer, whilst these fa' I misguided men lord it over tui. Let them go henee, aid allow thei intellect, the experience and syipa thy of the S-theuirn agriciiIuuaIito again direct the labor and fashi e; tho morals of the docile neg ro. Allow him to realiz.e what. lie is lo-ginning to do though slowly, that the former slave owners of the South are the only frinids of his ra te. .teestablish the coifideiico bie once had in you and bring about that reciproeity of good feeling that eists in all parts of the world between the humane nater and his hirelings. And by a whole cone set of laws restrain his dispesi tion to kill stock anld depredate upon lie crops in hi neighborbhol-tnehi ing him as well as m.any of your own color, that it is .more honorable to w alk between thle plow hiandlIes than to aspire to olies they are incapa le of tilling. I). this, and you will make him even as a freed man whiat lie was oncec, a useful member of societ~y andl t he finest CO1 ton labiorer in the world. It is then necessary that you dis charge the grooims miaipu~tlat ing at the Augcean stables ina Columibia II is tory affords numerous exanmpjles where men who hatve been guiIt y of fewer villianies and who have perpietra\ted lesser ouitrages upon eivil izat ion hiav e met justice upon the gibbet at the hianid ofan outragedl people. Jnhor for thik, as dilligently as you are striving to c on vioe the Northern people of false ty of eharges against your loyalty, by contemptible represen tatives at NaV nl ington and by lieing papers at home and yotu will accomplish it. Then will the inoubus that hangs heavily about the neOks of your men of enter p~rs be0 removed, andi~ the shackles be a riekon from the hands of your ogri btilturalists. Thou will our fichh~ whi ten with cotton, our grun'aries be filled with corn and oats, our smoke house's d rip with greasy bacon of our~ own ralis, ing. Our negroes theta-el vos more hap. py amid prosperous, rejoice in the accu mulating subst ance of their pat rona Then an/ omi/y tin will our men, conscious that truth and honor again prevail-put thieir- shoulders vigo' rously to the wheecls of the car al Goveient and l ift it from ?1he mi re in which it has ,cttled. Theni and only then will eur women, the purest, the noblest, thio-pretticat speci mons of God's hanidiwork-.-haipp) that thieves and harlots can rno loingei elaim Aeoial recognitIon at yomur E.c eitivo Mansion, put off their veils 0o humiliation and withl smnilon, greet re 'turning peace. As a remedy for ouir $lnancial troubles, the (Charleston Courier ad vises repudiation of all the bonds frau r dulenotly issued, Thle Now. adlvisou thme wtiedin s of the taxes t.y the peo-plo iti ii - proper exlmhii of our financedra~tide Th Patn III tihe African Church at bouisville. Those who desired the prayors of t0e church were invited to come for ward. Just then a sound as of a body falling to the floor was heard, followed by a crashing, oraokling 8 17nd, and a man who sat near the pulpit jumped from his seat, and uaid the floor was sjihing, and rushed for the door. The cry was taken up by others and changed to. "THE 11oUSE IS FALLINO." In an intant the entire congrega. tion was panic stricken, and then a torrible and deadly rush was made for the door. The stairways wore S01 blocked, and the narrow, fatal doorway was filled by the frenzied and struggling crowd. Men, eager to escapo from they knew not what, be gan to jostle and pull at each other, and soie, in their eagerness to escapo becamo angry at what to them boomed th snail-like efforts of the fleeing ones, ndi a fight sprung up just in the door and this for an instant checked the crowd and proved the death-knolli of eleven persons, and the wounding of Noventy-five or one hundred others. The gorge caused by the light at door. way renidred the crowd behind more frantic, anu'ithese stumbled and jump ed over the partitions at the heads of those below, and the wcuker were -rn ArtMLE), A ND TON, AKID MA NGsED, beneath the heels and bodies of the stronger. WoInenjand children, and oven strong men, shouted and scream ed in agony, and a scene of terror and confusion and death, utterly inde. scribable, ensued. The pastor tried in vain to quell the panie, and lined out the hymn 1nd began singing, and was joined by some who remained close to the pul pit, atnd seeing no apparent change, and failing to understand the cause of the fright, had remained in their plaesi. But the elffrts of the pastor were of no avail. No human efforts could stay the frightened crowd. The stairway a were soon a strug . gling mass of human buings. Tho benches were broken to fragments, aIld tihe strong doors and woodem partitions at the bottom wore broken as though they had been glass. Finding the stairways b!ocked, tho crowd rushed to the windows and broke the glass with their naked hinds and tore out the s'nshes. On the Voith side of the Church the la horatory of Dr. J. P. Irnum ad joins the windows, which are about fifteen or twenty feet from the ground and fully one hundred persons saved themselves by jumping upon the roof. Many jumped the entire distanco to the ground, but, strange to say, none of them were seriously injured. )r. 1Barnum and his clerk, Mr. Thoinas aFountain, rushed into tho yard, and found Ti)oonWAY 'i'M.ED Ul- win llUDLi, eight or ten deep, and a mass of crushed and struggling humain beings lying in front of the door. Policemen Mmlow and Martin wern n mr by and soon cate to tho spot. and all on. deavored to separnto the crowd, but without effect. A messenger wa dis-, patch to the engine-house for assist anec, but the meossage was misunder. stood, and anr alarm of tire was turned in, and soon the engines cnme rushning t~o tihe scene, followed by the eager crowdl which usually attend fires. Of ooursc this but added to the gencral con fusion, and a scene of terrible ex eit emnent en1.,ued. Tlhne hook and laddler company, how ever, soonl threw their ladders up to the front window.s, and the frantic pecople were passed down the ladders. Tlhc pile of disabled bodies was ro mloved from in front of the the door Immd thle deaid and dyinug wore (disen tamngledi from the fatal vestibule. Thirea or tour dead and wounded were found outside the dooer. They hamd esceaped from the building only jto he trampled anid smothered to death outside. TJhose who had oscaped un hurt were frienzied in their efforts to return. Th'lis one wished to reseoo a chjIbl. another a wife, another a husband and another a sister or broth or. The onger, curious crowd also pre-sed andi crowded andl squeesed around the doorway', anud It required all the e1dertrof the pol~leo, and' a few hum Ane, self-possessned gentlemen to keep themi off. Finally tihe mass was disentangled, and it was found that EL~ivF.N iA I) nEEN KICLED outright, three badly wounded, and seventy-five or one hundredI ulightly injured. .. We have hieard of strange reasons fo.r suicideC, buit that assigned by a younig mian who destroed~ himsielf the other (lay at iCarlisle hasm perhaps hardly been Qmurpalsed for eccentriel ty. Tlhnis rash person dlrowned him, self, and, prior to takiog the talin piluoge, he panid a messenger to take alotter forn him to the nearest pvlice of. f iie,10 Win resolve dthat the wer14 shouild know the reouson for hibset, antd duly set it forth in ihn letter, This was to thne effect thgat MJr, Dar -Winl havinig rorvo4 men to be deioend od from mronkeyu, tme Wrier did nov destire to live lny jnger. TIha .icgo aufferer" ~A bo