The Fairfield herald. (Winnsboro, S.C.) 1849-1876, October 13, 1869, EXTRA, Image 1
IELD HERALD-EXTRA.
VALUE AND USES OF
[Ectracts from letter from Dur. Josepit LeCntc, Proi essor f'( 'hi \tr:.
University of Soutl Carolina, on ihe Coimpairaive t.e). th j
Farmer oj' Cotton eed Cake, as comparuIIIled with, the: Nedci f'ow w.iI /
it was made.]
As MANUatE.-VOry iitll()11n an 'Irtirflly 'oindI itetled eXpei.i
monts in England and Germany piove that oil vake staiils v'ery
high as a Imiature, whether applied by itself' or in combinmtio'n
with other manuros. It is adapted to all kinds of crops, sineo it,
contains all the intgredients necesariy to the growth of, plants;
mid especially since it contains in large quantity of' those mo',st nec
essary ingredients, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash.
The oil in the seed and inl the oil caeo contributes nothing to
its OeliCacy as m1ianiure. Oin the contrary, it is ratlier a lilraIe,
since It rotairds decay. It follown, therefore, that the cake is
greattly tiporior to the seed, and that the more thoroughly pressed
the cake is the better.
Oil cake is (froi the large quantity of nitrogonous matter anid
the ease with which it decomilposos) essentially a stimiulating
iaiurle, like Pruviian Guano. The following table gives the value
of rape soud cako as compared with other valuoid manures. Cotton
seed cake is still richer, both bocause the coLLon seed is more nitro
genoun, and because the cotton need cake is free [roi hull.
1 cwt. rape sood oil cake, equal to 18.20 Cwt. stablo dung.
1i ow t. rapo sood oil cako, equal to 1 cwt. bone dust.
3 cwt. rapo seed oil cake, equal to I cwt. good Peruvian Gulnano.
Thero can be no doubt that the relativo value of cotton seed
cake is groater tham indicated by this tablo.
As PItOVENDERt.-As a iflsh producer, and therofore as food for
growing or for laboring animals, oil cake is probably superior to
the grains.
According to the experiments of Jawes, the distinguished En'1g
lish Agriculturist, the manure derived from stock varies iiineisely
inl value according to the naturo of the food oi which the stoe'k
is fed. The manure of stock fed on cotton seed cake stands first
on his list, being more than thirty times as valuable as the namiure
from an equal weight of' turnips, amd four times moro valuable
thaim the manure derived fromi an equal weight of' I iudian corni.
The iollowing is Mr. Lawes' tatlo, showing the actual gold
value of the manure derived from 1 ton (2,000 lbs.) of' diflerent
foods:
Cotton sood cako, (hullod,) 627 86; rape sood cake, $21 01; lin
sood cako,.$19 72; malt dust, $18 21; lentils, $16 51; linsoud, $16
05; tares, $15 75; beans, $15 75; peas, $13 38; locust beans, $4
81; oats, 87 40; wheat, *7 08; Indian corn, 66 65 ; malt, $ 65;
barley, $6 ;2; clover hay, 69 64; meadow hay, 96 43 ; oats straw,
$2 90 ; wheat straw, 82 68 ; barley straw, 62 25 ; potatoes, $1 50;
mangolds, $1 07 ; swedish turnips, 91.; common tuIripsi, 86e.
carrots,.86c.
Their-actual values are of' course only correct for England, but
the relative values ar.e of' universal application ; and, Im this
reason, this table deserves to be studied by every farmen. The
relativo values soems to be closely connected witl' the amount of'
nitrogenous inatter contained in the food.
It is quito possible that this indirect method o1' using the cotton
secd cake as manuro may prove most profitable to the itnm er. If'
so, the use of cotton seed iimay largely replace the use of corni in
stock feeding.
CoNcI/sIONs.-Tho great valuo of cotton seed, as manure for
corn, is well known to every fiarmer. Its value, also, as iprovenlder,
when stock Will eat it, is also well known. .N ow, there can be no
doubt that for both these purposes the oil cako is greatly supo
rior to the sed. As manure, it decomposes readily, and may be
A applied to all kinds of' crops, alone or in combination with other
ertilizers. As fbod, it is eaten readily by stock, and is easily
digestible. 1 believe that a given quantity of' seed hulled and
pressed into cako, though greatly diminished in weight, will go
arther, both as manuirc and as provonder, than the seed fiom
Which it was pressed.
J OS. L EC OYTE, M.I..
Extract from the Columbia Phwnix of September 21.
CoTToN SEE Oi , CAKE.-As a matter of' interest to mammy of'
our readers, we ro publish the i'ollowing article from the A %ssiiio'i
Democrat, of J aluayl' 9, 1857. The figures in it are, of course,
gold valuos. lortofore, our farmors have only been able to use
cotton sood as a mamuro, for which it is undoubtedly good, as, indeed,
corn or wheat, or any other grain, would bo; but it does not
follow from that,, that using it as manure is not a very great
waste. The kernel of the seed is a highly organized and ext remnely
rich animalfood. When the pianter uses it as Imaure, he attempts
to feed a vegetable upon it, o1 to make plant food of' it. To
accomlish this, the scou must be deconmposed ; and it en be d-on-e
in tw o ways; first, .by r'otting it ini his mat turo pile, andi~ second,
by feedinmg it to his stock, wh'los e digestive organs assimilate it,
and its decomposition in the blood is the life, wam umth and sti'eiigth
of' the aninmal. As soon as this dlecomlpositionI within his mu!scles
has reduced the soed from the highly organiized condition on'
COTTON SEED CAKE.
anlimlal fo6od to the. lower one of phmnt, flood, Lthe animall system
I iscl:-ges i, (in-Iit 41 wit II all tIhI Ie secrtLions of I he body, aind it goes
141.1lit thecopostt ieaip i/te 5trmotES/ .dol/c nanure kioltn inl the 1world,
betig lour tilmies as v'anIiale ats the iii1tinaire Fromt ctorn, 11t,4l thirty
Liities as valhiable as Ihatin. from tn n ips, simply because the kIriel
)1 cot tont o1So I is far rich Ie fod than cilher Coril or turn ips.
E vid nIIIt ly, thenkii, 10 it se co ttonI seed as Inani no- is to throw away
inl tli ewo. a I lie ianiurtt'e pile cheical allinitijies which, if' sitis
tiuI wvithuinI the bodyu of :ti anim11a.l, wot ul hlit! I much lif, st rengirtl
atn(d work. It Is to throw away the diflerenice inl valuie botweena
1o14uVch phantt. I'M)r[ auwl so ituch animnal food. Nature hast workIed
Iot' mt1onths, with sui ait rainn and all the resources of, her labor'It
tory, to take the pluit 1iiod with wilie h t't tiler manumiii red his
grTOtida inl thle sprogl,:and raise it to the mloro0 highly organmized
tnditioni oif ainniitatl iittd; anIld all the chiemiiai atllinities she has
thus stored up to be conveted ito aimal heatt, ait lilo and work
arte. thrown atway inl the ttiatiure pile, or in the g'rotiid, whehre the
seed has to fill back to the cotittioni iin whichi its elements were
a seausoni befote. Illeretolre, iowever, this waste coild not be
avoided, 6hr thle lint, the hll, and the oil of cotton Seed a11re So
distastefid to most. kinds of stock, that, they reftuse to vat it; antd
whenI the it ilndt huh m-e r1emnove(, the oil in the kernel Very
sooni turn n o1. iaIcid, aiml breds wormiis. Tie cakeo ltado by an oil
inill being free folmtt oil. keeps for years, and it will be soon in the
tic'0le sitbjOiied, it Is tstinattt IbI'y some11 ais tirtee times as valuit
bie ats corn lor sotk Ieeding. It has eveti been proposed as
stitable lor breadl. It, is, eitrici alonle or inl i ixed 'ertilizors, a
powerfu l meti auare--probably equal to ial its weight of' guatno
its deompI iositiot ii thte gr'oltumI being aipid, atid supplyiig a great
tilmatiltity of amoitnoIt ia. The oil which the seed has lost is a hydro
catrboti, and entirely valueless as iataure. ]it to use oil cake as
itaUtiine, (or ratw seed, eithe , where it. is po.asible to get it liilled
and pressed,) is atbout, as econtoimical its it would be to iialiure oatts
Wi Uit corn, or cornI With 11our. Not tihat cort1 amid 1lour would not,
be very good tm1amtn 'cs-or, rather, coild not make good manures
-whe they have been chanlged by decotposition frotm aiimal
lood to plant ibod, bu1t. decopilisitioni of atiial food is the sou-ce
of' all atimal lifi e a1d streigtht, and planters never waste it in the
miian-tell(t. pile, or inl the groinii, r 01g ive at bird inl the hand for one
inl the bush, or take this year's 1ood as manure for next year's
food. WhIby should not, cottot sed, te richtest ainial food which
our fields prduce, be treated as the poorer corn and wheat, atid
used as nat'tire iitetided it should be by our stock, and save us
fr'oi having to pbint cor-i-the iliost expensive tind precarious
of all crops? The Columbia Oil Company proposes to offer this
lhility to our planters, over this whole State and Georgia, on
iost advantageous tertms, paying the freight on the seed, and
returning the iltiner the whole of the catko an1d the Value of' one
third of the oil itn cash. We aiticiptte for thetm a v'ery large
piatroiige. Farmers who desire to avail themselves of the
opportunity, should cover their seed jrom the weather, or- send it
f'orward a(t once.
011 , UAK.-We ate glad to learn that the attention of our
fai'ttrs and feeders seems ait last to be drawn, by the very high
prices of hay, grain and fodder, to this most valuablo substitute.
1.1 is at remarkable fitt that only about one-twentieth part of all
the oil cake mitauftettired ill the West has heretofore been used
inl domestic consmtiiption, the remaining nineteon-twentieths find
ing its way to En'liglatiid, who, whilst she is horself the largest
manitctuterl in tle world, is also the largest coniumer; aid in
addition to her ow i Iroduicts, itmports inimeniis quantitis of cake
for the use of hle' farm1ers. Shipped from this city' to England,
the Cost. Lhe 16rm1r t1her1e is about three cents per pound ; while
her0 it, ner exceds thle half of this sum.
Compared with corn, experienced feeders, both inl the old
country and this, agree that, One pound of' oil cake is equal to
Lthree ponllds of CoIt inl tilttitiolts qualities. Wheat bran has
long beon a favorite bed. and outissingault estimates nino pounds
of i. to be only equal to teti poutids prii of hay, while the
comparative vailue of both is only about otie-tenth of' oil cake.
This being the catse, i short, calcuitlion will show that oil Cake at
-$30 per toil is as chieapJ for feeding as cornt at $10 por ton, or
twenty-five ceits per bushel, while the present actual price of'
corn is fr-oimi sixty to sixt-y-five cents per bushel. Againi, oil ce
at $30 pr toi is as cheap as wheat banti at 83, the current price of
which is frt'om $10 to .12 por totn.
Oil cake is undoubtedly tie most conceit triated anid nuiitritious
feied inl ulse, and is to all other kinds of' feed what guatno is to the
iantures. .lorsoes, cattle and sheep will eat it vith avidity, and
thrive ott it w onlderulLilly. It greatly iiproves bite healthy oidi
tiont of tle skini, aid gives tle coat a fino sleek lippearnlice, vlile
it 1attens rr1idly. To supply of beef cattle in the Un ited Sttes
is contantuttg fallitig ofi;, atnd hietnce prices must ritlo high for a long
time to comie; antd while oil, cake cian be bought as it catt, for'
one-half, atnd ofteni lor' oine-thirid, the prico it will bt'inmg itt Etng
a Ind, it is unwvise to suiiet' it to go thtithter to food Br'itisht cattle
and wniebl Britishi soil