University of South Carolina Libraries
VOL..] - WINNSBORO, S. C., WEDNESDAY MORING, DECEMBER 12, 186 N 26 FAIRFIELD HERALD is reni1.1s$1.: w .:I.:a Ity GAILLARD, DESPORTES & -1). ; 't'r~ns. 'rna lima.n i,4 publisheal Week ly inl tile Town of winnusbora), ait 8:.00 in. j 'r14 fI4 in* aI~I~irane. Li-;V W i Iru'ioint. adver'tisemenklts to bo pai1 i in ndvncet. boitatiry Notices andi ri:ibtcs $1.00 per qu IrcI: Ml E SS A (G E ort -rnE. Pi l I lmNT' ( Ti. ; U. .STATES Tw> Houses of. Congress at tho com monoenout of the Seoond Sessibn.. After I brier jinterval the Conigress of the Unitedi States restimi's its an iti:l legislative labors. A n all-W i'se :uld m4ercifil Provideniee hai abated the pestilence which visited our shi'res leavilng the cahimitonls traecs upon me lortionls 6f our country. Penee, order, triinitility , anlld civil aithorit y have beewn formially declar ed to exist, ihr ighout theo whole United States. In1 all (of the States civil authority has stIlposedel the coercion of alrlls, aiin11 the people, by their vol ititary actio11, are Ina int' ainl- their govec rutnil. .nts in) full Smy nd coillete operation. Th-- oil forecen it of tho laws is Ito longer "obstructe.1 iit any State by d imbinationstoo p)owl'fu to be sup pressed by the ord inary course of jili -ial proceeingll-s ;" and 0-he anlimiosi ties enigeidered by tle War are rapil y yieling t4 the henllieenit iniflun'iir'es Iof ori frete ilnstiitLti!)ins, and to Ihe kindly e'fects or nutrestricted sowill tirt restoration of fraternal feeling" .nuist he the earneist wish or .evory pa Ity i riotie Ieart ; itn1l we will have aec comiplishel our granlde'st nat iolm I bIliovelielit when, forgetting the esad renIts of the past, 1d rm bei lyv thir Iistructiv i ssols, wtt re o our onwa'd enreer as a free, I rosperonls, anid unlitedl peole., | .i iv Ii nuissage of, the 4th Deeeh-I her, 1865, ( ongress was iiiformed iiif he incsres wic hadl 141been.instItit eii by tie l eeitive with a viow to tile gradual restorjittioit ft the States ill whtich Ohw insurlractionl Occullrred to their relati-Vis with tle (Iebloral G;ov erillinent. Provisional Governors had been appointed, Coiventions cazlled,t (.overlnoi4rs elected, Legislatures as sil, and RepreIsenltatives chosenl to the C(ongress of the United Stattes, (ourts had been opened for ' the on fircemnii t. of Il 1s lolng inl abeyanliec. The blockade had been removed, cu1s ton-houses re-established, and the in lternal reventio laws put inl force, in order that the peopllo might contrib lite to tle national in om41e. Postal operations lad 11been rellowed, and of fort were being made to restore theiu to their former condition of eflicioey. The States theis.lves lad be(n i asked to t al part in the high fune,| S tion - of anmending the Constltittion, and thus sanctionling tie extinction of Af'rican slavery as one of the legiti mate results of our interneenestrug gle. . Hainig progi'essed thusi fari', the .IRxec utive Deopartmeont fiiund thatt it had atccomnplishecd nenrly atll thal~t w'as wVtith1inl the scopeC of' its conistitut ional anthuority. On(hin ug, howeveor, yet remamedii0( to ho done before theO work of' restoratioln could~ be con) ploted, an id (that was the adinissioii to ( 'ongr'ess of loyald Soltnitors antd Retpresetttives ftromi the States whose .people hiad reo 1hol10( against~ law'fult author'ity of the delOveId uipon thle .respectiv0 Houises, which, by the Constliutiont, are' made. tha judges of the elections~, reOturtns, anid qualihicationsi of thoir own liom.. horis ; and its, considerationi at 00c0 enlgaged tile aitteti on of Congress. In he uoatiiothe Exebutiv'o oparmoh-noother pln havitig bicon pr'oposed( by Conigress-con tin uied Its efforts to perfect,.an far as wans pracltiobl~O; the irestoraitioni of thle jp'o per relatio~ns betfweenl the citizenls of theO respect ive btates, the Stte2s,- and1 the Ftoral Goveornmedlot, extendrlng frin timto to timue, as'the puiblito inlter ests .seomed to require, the0 judliil,I l'gvchge, andlt pos!tal sysiiis of the couintry. With thto advice and( ed11' sent'of the Sonla to the nieceissariy oili corn were appoltited, and ap)ropr1ia tions diade Ji&Cong ress for the pay muent of their stelare 1he proposi tionl to amliend the lio&91 tion, se as to pre~on tQ sinor wI7 ~ithinuithe Unit 'tany place sulbjtOet toI t11 of' Stats', .indon t (;i"a cornhoi',l805, It9 6#'lld 0(d to'ha~vti boeonftid lied asa pa~t o the Constl~ttion~ oftilo TUtpd Ilte' Alr-of'those Statd is' hiah the 1i0ii r'eetioiaA existodprounpt1l tinaddd thecir ConstithLeo f oasjke eac~ 'confte'nitte l IiJand'las oIf sadhe' g '~ etuMt ijl. pr'etenided delts'a'nd obl itlons dion. ted for tile revohibionalry purposes of n res for the protedt itiii anid ailneliora tion of* the condition of the colored race. Coingres, however, yet besitat ed to adiit anv o' these States L re presentat ion ; aintl it was not. until the close of the eighth, moitii-of the ses sion that anl except io wis ide in ra vor of Tenne 1.1, y. the adinisioni of' her Sentators and liepreseitativus. I deemi it ia suhject fi' profounl re gret thu tCoiess has thui ar 1ailed to AdMit to :Ats val Seiniturs and Hliprsentativos frlo1 other Statoes, whiose inht biits. witi those of Ten no0.4see, had uniaged iii te rebellion. le States--ior& -iln one-l',iu'ti of' the whole ine-ean withoutC representat ion ; tlie seals if' lifty mem1 bers in, tle liouse of lepre.iet.atives and of t-wenltv memilbers-in thue Senlate are yet vaeat-inot by lhir own eon ment, not by a fa ilnire ol' eleet ion, .bit by tle refisa1 of' Coigress (o aecept their credentials. Their adimis.iun, it is believed, Wo uld have aeconpished nuch towards t-he rie ewal and stirngthenilig of our i relat ions as. one peopl, And remov'*el seriols cause for discontent on the irt of the iihabi tants or those States. it would have accor~ded w; hI the greCat principle 0tee1inciated il tlie Declaration of Ame.. rieani iiieiniliee, that noi people ought to bear the bnrden of taxation, ainid yeut be deiiied the right of repre sen tat ion. It, would have been in colt soianlce witi the express prUvisiolns of the Constitut ion, tint "cac State shall have -it -least one 1epresentative,' tiil "that no State, wilhout its consent, shal l be. deprived of its equal QlllsI'age ini the Senate.'' h'liese provisions were inltended to secure to every Sb ate, inad to the people of every State, the right or represe.ta t ioi in each Il use rf cungress; al so impoituit .was it de.' emed by ii. f nuer's of' tlie Consti tutiton that 1the eqiality of' the States in the Scitate shoutild ill preserved. that *ot even by ai aamidimit 4 thi ('onst it ution cai anly State, withiou its cimiisoit , he denied a voi'e in that bainch of thie N at i :iml .1 egislature. It is te, it :,s bee a iaI that the existeinen of th Stat. w bS teri Ilatedl bIJ1' rbebellioins acts fi I thir ihinhal.itaits, aind that th iiisu-rect iom Inaving beven suin.w , thy were thienetof wai to be conisi deir ie mer'iv its coniiereI territories. The I,egi. lative, Exsetutibe, -and Judicial .lk1 Irtinients of th (lovet'inoiet have, Ilowever, Willi gr..atoli~tinetness tAnd uiniif'ormi cni.tiecy, ilried to sane tionl tin asSiunplltion so incomp1.1atibleo lVith the nature ii fi our1 repuiblieiain sys tem, and wilh the professed olbjcts ofr the war. Th rouighouit tle recent legis lation of 'onlgres.e, the inen iable 'aet inial-s itself npinrent. that these ten political comminnities Are nothing less thank States i'of this U'nion. At tle very coimiieilceliet of tl reb!.. lion, e'wh 1Illious decliaredl, with. a Linanhniliiit y as reirklableas it was i--. Witieaint, that (hoi wrt was not "wag. irpion ouir part, inlovy Fpirit or oppar. iion, nor ftr any laurpo. of con1piest. )r subnjugat iu,' ,not purpose of over tlrowing or interrerfeing with tile rights ir established iistituitions of, those NItates, 'bit to defie'il ail ilaintain thC Supremacy (if tle t'onstituitiin anI 1l laws mad in luinsu ance thereof, bud to preselrveithle inion with all the Iilinity', quial ity, anid right s of-h 1everal States uiiimipa ired~; and tha t is soon1 as5 tlhese obeats"'~'t4 were "accom pliishe'd the war ought toi cease.'' In somie inistanc~es, Senators were permiit ted to continue thioir legislative fmiic ions, while ini othier instances~ lepre senitativ es were elected atnd admitted :o seats af'ter thiei r Sta tes liad formal Ily leela red thieir iright to .wi id raw ftrom ho I 'nion, anud were endieagringi to uninutain dihat right by force. of arms illI of the Sta tes whose people werei Li'urrect ion, as States, weyie iinclud. l nQ tho~e1apportioinnieint of thle direct Liiax >f' t wenity inill ions of' dolIlaris iiaannua1ly anid uplont theC (nited States by thie tL aipprovedC~ 5th August, 1 8(.1. C(on gross, bcy the act of' March 'I, 180'?, md by thie aipport ionmntil of r'epr'esein dieir prtosionee as St ates in theo Uniion; 'ad theoy liav~e, for juldiciz'l piuriposes, beeni dlividcid into d isticets, as States lonienn be divided . The saime tre sogniition atppoears in th'e r'ecent legis at ion ini referience to TIeiiiesse, which "videnttly rests upo'n the fact. that the iuction's of t he State were hot lest roy 'd by the rebellion, bunt mero~ely sius rgended ; and1 that piipleil is of course ipplicable. to. tQhosaStautes which, 'like I.Oi'4nesso, at toirgted..to ren~iounicO tihelri laces it thie U~nion. iThe ntiion or (h he EnottvE Dpar'imeii )ritho -Governme~nt. tiloer' this subject ha~s iiu pose of jhie wary wits 'dplCileahly died. i hO i'rofaminiit issiiud-hy iiy.predeILes sor on ith '2 1d day AfOp1hi emihe, .'3. 1.I h~atye t'(4f'ore as ho otofore,'o ihe~ wari. wil Yopsooqto4 Yot the -objocL of'- prnf'o iically Eat'oring ti ho ns't jtutloztal rehltin .be' tiQleyQa tsedi o ihioraof,- in whih 8($tate Iy thxe u Id it thepeso f ti teLiio f this e eoub1l nt. happ'l when tle Consoti ittin ftlod t Ih. aw:1 Il.a (r enforced by a vigiain I and liuthat i C:agaess. l'ocha louso is ailnute lie "j uidge ot' tle elections, aeturns, faul I 'nalailiua ions o1 it s own lniotbers," and ninty, ith the onlurent e of itwo-lhirds, exe.l C a iithIeII''.'Vr." W hen a SenatoIr or ibpr'esentaiive presents hIis certilicate of electiota. lie maaly at ance be adinitted or reecto-l ; or, shIutI there be' any <tuestion a1s to hti.' eligibility, his crtAl'ial uts i11ny b reelrreol For inve.t igatiot to Iie agropri ate couittee, It' inaiit tead to a seat, it utot be upon evi'lence sa Iisfactorly to tle Iloimse of which Ile thlus becoinies ta iember. that i tssesses iho recializitea constitutional tanl l'g-il itiilttientlions. I* refused adinis. si6n as t i alne fi or Want of' tui allegitatice to rue Govenmtiient, nitil returned to his coltittlulps. t hey fire adiinonishead that1i lonie hiat perns loyal to lie United Sate4 I will lie allaav.e'l a voice in the Iogi-lative iCineils ' 4),1h0 \ationa, atid the political power :111al maaora'al infliuence of Congr'ess atre thus eltt''aively x0etd iin the interests of loyally to tle Governtnenai land fidelify to [le Union U:on (his qtestiQl, so vitally attin ag Tihe rest rat ion of the Unin'and the prettianICy ot one preseit. rmIa or givernient, ny convictions, heretofore expreSsed, Iave ni erl'gone no change; but otn the contrary, their correctntiess has been confirmed lay reflection amd title. lithe ai nisaioni o' laaul ii hors to seats itt tle respective l vises of' to!ngress was wise nd expealient at year tgo, it is no less wise and expedient now. If this aintalous coniilion is right now-i, in the exntL. time, it is lawfil to exc hide th liron,11 repescui lition, I a- not. see tht tle at.its ion will toy clinig ed lay the ellax o t iie. Ten yeats hOnce, i I thesa States remain aits hey tire. Ith right. of repreent' aiun ill be no :t rtoiger.-the right. ' e-xeluioia will be0 nii) Weatr. The Coanltiiltion of, th't Uital States makes it tle duty o the President to recoum iaend to the consideation of Congrens "uch ineasure'c as lie shall judg.e necess4y' oar espeitlint." i kInow of, no rv:islue miore iliperatively denlontleti by every considlera tion itt national inttarest, sundia policy. tatnd1 aijtil jtsi ite: t han ithe ia-liission of' loyal tuotabi'rs M'om the now unt-epresented Slt ate. This wouh c aintniiate the work of' rei-l'tn i. tat exert a ttiat salutary in fineriif'o iliir lotn- .iishmet of peace.lar lioti y, :1ti t'vatii t n e-itg. It woiuld taud groatly it i-:awwv tle' oifilence oj (lte .\m i.ci1n pe'.e, in the Vigor P:tmit:thility o tl ' i-a ii. Ia woubl bin.d its ':, cl tih a. a nation, and itt ~ i ti 'O-w to t' writ the inherent I :tl ii' alav pow'V;i' oh it Utoyeritinetl l e.l'to, u o i l t he wiitl tat' f ile l pe ple, and14 e lall'himo h nil. of liberty, I ilav inreased -Aretigth .uol enhance1v t prosperily ,woultd i'taefragi!y~ <ba'tmmuiaitae ia letilhui of the iait'". t'inst 'ree ainttions dan I t'"o'i t 1ur te1 n tttital di.der, byo' the cXeItit" of' r-10in gVer'ilent* The rebtiva:Ioan 44 ieopal wa' 5-oin the Statlen it ny extCilde Irt in CIngre's. by allaying doubIIl andl apprehension, woul 13.nrn Capi tal, now iwait ing :at opport'tiuni'y fir inavest mtitat. inlo th< ltua:nels of trale ind indus. I Iy. It would alleviat e ihe presetit rouht 1t. condit ito it to Stat es, And, by iindu ing emvigral.ion, aid in% tiIo settileaent. of lei'tile ret't'itis now untillivale l, aid Jead to 1 11" in cIas'i proa1ite ztcon Of Ith'o st staples which hlite tablilt sa preat ly to the wealth of lie nation-and the cotaimere of ae 'world N' w ielI-Is of eterjrise 0'ouitil tie Opinedl lIa our progressive peolie, and0 s0ool tihe -levistatifns war wotl tie r'paired, aind Ill 1ii aes of our doiestic differences effaccd 'rollt I lie mintis of' onr countlrytiten. lt tar e'torts to presi've '1,110 uify of Goverinent woici c ontst itltes us one peo lo," by resltoring alth States to the wndi. aion which they laeli prior it 11.0 rebellion, 1 we shiut be caut ious,'loet, having vi'escued oa. t-at iota ron perils of thretened disiitteg rat iota, we resort lo Consolidation, and in the end absolute despotism, as a remedy f'or tha! reCirrieuco of similar Lroubles. The war having ttmhiaetd,-and with it till occa- a ion i for t Ihe '(xerciso of powers of' doibi tl constitutionaliy, we shoutild hasten to bring le'gisltion wit-hin lite boititaries prescrib erl by le Cotsit ltutiont, ant, to return to file ancient 1natnilarks established by oilt faith.. Cas for I he g id af I tI oh sifecceitIng geneatifions '"The Conti tutioni wichti at t'n'ay t imte .ists untitil ebatnga'd by~ anl explicit tad at tetict atio of the ii'hole petople, is sacraedly obtliga.. I 01'y upjon tll. "Ifi i hela opaiionm of alto aeopale, thle - disatrli butiot o'a miaiticaitiona of' a le Const itutiioaii powers bo, in talny pti et', wr'iong, tl. iit be vor'rectedl by iin rinametimaent ita ahe way in wrhichi thle Cotuntli tttiota daesignates. thaIit. Y thaet' ho tao ch!~angc lay.tusurtpatlion ;fill" ai isala heaus. Itmtlary wieaiponl by~ wh'ich fr'eo Govier'nments arle aostrtoyed ." .W'atzhngatn . poko t hose wior'ds 'a hais cutryml'1'len,' iwhen't, followed hay their love and grat itudiae, lio v'autatatrfy ret ireal fr'om thea cites tat putblich lf. '''To ktellp' ill thlinags ii ttIhe pa e of ouar clonst ituationat l) pot'rS, andta cherlishi thet F"eeral lUioni nii tile tanly roLck( ot' s.a fety," a wuere pir'eribeid by ,1ielfer'son alt ruiles of} tactiont tom endeia' to his 'acotuntrvmeniaa. the truae tainctiples of' their' Const il ttion4 ,ad pro'mto ni tuitn of' setimehiiit atand acion ettualuly tanspiciouis to theuia' hatppliness tandt safe'y."' Jacksoni buebi ahiat te tactio oll 0 t I lie U(ie'eratl Governmenltt shioulid aliwatys la strlicly contiined to thle spihere aof its appr'o praiaae dtiosza, antd juistly itand f'orcitly iurged ahat. our' Gov'erilnmen is lnot 10 be mitintt.C oat nor1 pur l~Union pr'oe'erve a by inv'asi ots oft athe -rlighit andl1.halit' t power o several States. Ia'a taus tat temapainag to tuiko ottr G~enleral (ioviermaau't sa long, we itmkek it weak. l1l trute hI rong th contsistst ini leavinug IitditidualIs tand Sttes a nmtteoh is plossible ano tomilv~ieii; in maniu a it selft felt, not. ini itas ptoer,e bu ain i its pr'tectionu ; not. inl( bindaintg thle S ala's moaire clo-ely to thle can.r Irle, buit letavintg eachl to miove atuobsi c'uetld ini its 'cotast itutttinal or'bia. J'Thesi ar'e he I I eanahintgs of' meln wihosie deds andt ser'vicest bIav mti'tuade themt ilaustrious,~an tiatwhot lonig sinte wii'ahurauwnt fr'oam trio scenes( of' lifo, hat% left t a lt ' a'i costttry I t ' 'ri::h ' Ie ac~iy ml' Iieir examtaplo, teir'ii w ita, and(I i' a' hi 'ei"t eisoatt, let' t a aialdt t at lahenai in lovie f of efibult t'y tau I'rdspect lot'r hue Contstilluio C raitat hie laws.' -' Ti'rep. . ort of t be Sectrelnr'y of the Tr'eza' the fciotuait a tt commter co of Ithe coutry. Iis 'vioii's tapoat Ilgo. onurani'p~y, sud y'it rdfort nocato a proppi .'ajltitni' f1on1' r'evettuao-yasQu,Jiternsel'as well as imposat, airo cor~ityld (q-Ithe carefnl conaldeation &frgangres.' Tar my last, innun.l nIlossauge I stilhjoide..t. Ineu npornly 411 adetitlion to hy'neosalty of oafrt' Ing ite9over'y d arut.. mnof the overnent, a, systopn 9f l'gid'' 4n~b~lity, .thorough ref ronhibotit,.and nlj ec~ioy. W~Ithu no exceploi'notir ii isnta'tepetIturei~ Ito opprossi'o bitr.C lenla at' taixaition aan bilelie~oned bay such a C nitikajltina of our r'evenne lan-u ats will be oistentt %wit h the pullio faith, and the le, 1 inate and neessary wants Ofhotdovnrn nen'it. The report presents a much more sat. sfactory contdlition of our liuaicas than mie ye..r ago the mlost, sanguine could lave anticip av.ted. DIuruing the iscal yevar maling the 30th Juie, 1865,- the %ast tcUar of the war, the public debt w'A in :reased 2si 1,902,537. and on the 3 I st >f October, 1865. it amotunted to 12,. T10,854,(350.' (- the 31st of October 1866, it had been" reduced to $2,251,. 10,00G, the diminution, during a priod A Firteen montlis, commencing Sep emwr 1, 1865, and ending October 3 1. 1866, having been $206,379,565. In li last ammiai:1 report on the state uf the iniances, it. w :s estimated that durmng the bree-Tuirters of ,the fiscal year cu ling he. 311 It of J ntte' last. the deb, would be ICreaseWd *I 12, 19 1,947. During hat. leriod, howeve'r, it wias .educed $81,. l96,387, the receipts of the year having Jeen $89,005,905 Ulore, and the e.prn litares $200,529,235 less tian the es, i nates. Nothing could more clearly ndicate tian these statements the e.X. cnt. a11nd1 availabihty of tihe national esonrees, aid the rapidity and sfdoty vith which, under our form of govern lient, great. niliitary*and naval estab ishmnts canl be disbanded, and expe, - es reduced from a iWar to a peace (ot. ng. During the fi.eal year ending the 30th >f . lune, 18GG, the receipts were *558, )32,620, and the expendit tres 520, r50, 9.10, leaving an available surlus of 37,28 1, 680. It is estimated th'at the eCeiptsTor the fiscal year endlingi the 1th .une, 1867, ivill be $475,001,386 mnd tImt the expeniditiires will reach the 111m1 of $3116,1123,078, leaving in the Pri'nsiiry' a surplus of $158,631,308. "or the fiscal year ending Juie 30th, [868, it. is esliniated that the recipts sil1 amount ti $136,000,000, and that he expenlditures will be $50,2.4',G4 I, -dhUwinlg an excess of $85,75'2,360 in h vor of the Government. These esti mited recei ts may be dintinished by a edction of excise an'id import duties ..t after al ne'ecessary rediietions shall ave been make, the revenuo-of the ,rent and of following years will lohitle be siitleiient. to cover all legiti' nate charges upol the Treasnr, and cave a h liergo. 1nnalid1 surplus to b. up )]ed to the patylilt of the prictec'a] of lie debt Thero 2eeis n(w i t a 1o ;ood rason why taxes may not; he re. incel as I lite count ry advaices in popn ation and ealti, anld yet t( debt bo xt iishe'd within the ne'xt quarter of century. The report of the Secretary of W'ar urniislis valuable and important infor intion inl refereice to the operations of' is De pai I ient din ing the pa t year. On voluintpers now remain in the ser. ,ice, and they are being dischargedas apidly as they can be replaced by regn. ir troops, The army has been promptly lid, car'tfully provided with iedical reatment, well sheltered and subsisted, Id is to be furnished with breech loa'ld ng small arms. The military strength f the nation has been unimpaired by he discharge of volinteers, the disposi. ion of unserviceable or perishable stores, Od tie entrenchment of expenditure. iflicient. war material to meet any eidrgelcy has been retainedl, and, from he disbanded volumteers-s.tnI iding ready o responki to the national call, large ries cani be rapidly organized, equip n the coeast and frontier have i-eceived, *r aro being prlepare~d for morepoeri rmiaimnts ; lake surveys andl her tbei ndl*river iproivements are in course of nlergel ie prosecution. Preparatipons havo 'een made for theA payment of the addi ional bounties authorized slurin~g the ecent sassion of' (ongress.'lunder nucih egulations as will protect the Govern-. 'ent from fraudi and rnre to the oniorabhly dlischarge~d soldbir the wveli. arned- reward ol his faithfediness anid alhaantry. More than six thon'andi ined sohliors have received airtificid mibs and other surgical apparatus ; and alrty'one national comietries, containing lie r'emains of 10-4,628 Un~ion) soldier2', aver alra~ady been. kstablishied. Thel LMafl esitimtate of i)tary aippropriations It is stated~ ini the repurt.of ihn tecrtavy of the. Nevy tl.hat lhe flavail arce at tIs tIme consists of two hun. red and .seveniy-eight, vesselsh, armied rithi two tho'isande three hunadre~d andl fty-oa.O gnha. Of these, one huind.e oI nid ifteen vesses carryings oneth+ nd( twventy nine gunls, are ini commission istributtedl chiefly -mamogeven squadl. mns. Tihie i nmber of meun in the service lii hirtee'n th.iisandl six hundtiredi. Great etivityi and vigilance have beeni dis layed by all the squtadrons, and their liciently) arrangedl inl suh mnner as ~onld best promote American coannorce ad protect the rmihts anid iuiterest.S. of tir countrymien .,broad. TIhe vosre.s tnemployeti are un dergoing repairs, or ro haid ultp umtil theuir-services may be equtiredl. Most of the irnndad is at eiagnio Isand,-in t he vicinity of Phlila (ilpiibi a place ~ihi, tunitl deLcuISIe etion shoutldbo taken. by .Congress, flas seleCial' by the Scrprtary of' the f'avy as the )post, eligilelo Ication for hat class. of dessels. It. is important thiat anitableipiblic. station shtould bo provi., ed fot' theo iron cliuu fleet. .It 'is inzteol d tliat'fdiese vossaissshalbe ina proper o~nditiont for aniy cinergency, andl it, is esir'ablej that the bill accepting 1seague sland' fornatsval putrposes, whikh passes' the Ifouseof lR firosentalives at. its last Session, slmuld receive finil l action at an early period, in order tmat there unty. be a suitable puidic station for t I l ei'4 la's, of vesseleras asiwon as navy yard of ana sufilirt fir lie wants ol tihe service, on the .Delawarn River. The Naval Penisikp list amotnts to . I 1, 7 50, 000, having been increased $2,750,000 dirimg the year. 'The expenditure's of the Department ror the fical year ending 30th June last were $43,32-1,520, al the estimates -for t he coniing yvar amount to *23, 58,13i0. A ttention is invited to the condition ohfour -eani, an1d tie import iance oflegislative mteas tires for their relief and improvement. I'lic susgstion inl Lelialf of this deserv ing class of outr fellow-ct li ons are earn .tly recommeilln-ded . to the fivorable attention of Congress. The reporL 9f lh Post master-Giineratl presents a most sam.isfactory coutition of the postaf servic, an id suhin rem.Iti mlen~dationls which de'ser-ve theconsidera. tion of Congress. The revenues of the Department for the y'ear ending June 30, 1867, were *11,3!46,0119, and the 1!xpenditures $15,352,079, showing an excess of the latter of' 9G02,0 93. In anticipation of this del'iciney, however, a Special nppropriali' 10n1 was mtade bV Congress in the aet'approved July 28, 1800. lueliding the studing appro priation of *700,000 for' afree mail matter. Its a legit itate potion of the revenees yetremaining IiInx penled, tho acto:1i de'ficieney For ti 11:st year is only 0265,4193-ai snm within $51,141 of IQh amoiwL. astimateI in the a nnual report. of 18G , The decrease of revenne e u. pared with the previous year was oie td onto-fifih1 per cent... anui the inierenl'e of expenditlture, owing principally to Ih, enlargement, of the' n ul service in the Sotwstwe~lve per ent. Oil hite 3Lh of June last, there were in opera tion six th1ou. an d nine h 1t1ndrd and i.hi rty mail routes, With fni aggregateC' lengtih of one humidred and eighty thoncts and nino hitndred an tlweuty-oie miles, an aggregato aninual. ran1siporta'.ion of seventy one Inilli.an eight htunhred allo thir-qsevel tllumiil ltime 1Inuilreid atl fourtetries, and it iiagregate annuaml cost, including till lexpnlilmtres, of *8, 410,184. The lengt h of rilroad roituti is thirty-two thousanil and 11niety Iw: imiles. and the anunn I ranlspallta lion thirty million six hundred atil nini Uhnd four linedirea nul sixt' v.even iniles. The lenglh of stma tna. rout I is fointen thusamld lre-- hundtIi.d nad foriy six mih-, ahd 0 th nmtai transpir tation three million ur hundred -nnI eleven lhlonsand nine hundred and sixt y two mihcs. Tho niil service isalidly increasing thioughow'. lie whole coit ry and its ste.'Ilv ixteniin in the ititl' orn States in'dicats their constantle im proving condilion. Tpe growing it 'por t alee of tle for-i ser'vice also it rit.i attent ion. The l'oitollice Departimentii of Great Britain ail oir own have agreed tipon a prelimiary basis for a now sta (oi 'olini which i!.h bglieved will prove em-inninv h-lici1al to tle conttv-r'ial itest ,t t.hU h 1ici States, in aehlt as it. ont.-mplate~ t a reduction of' IhI, intiernal ional let-t post. age to one-hlf tihe x isting rtes a redntiOn of postage wil h ami other colm. tries to and from which correspondence is transmlitted in the liriti.shI mail, Or ii closed mails throigh'it. the United Kingdom ; IIthe establishmiuent. of ntuiformn and re'asonable chiargne~ for theseaan tert itorial transit of form~~fotien'tce's inl c.losed nnnius ; ad an allowvance to (eaCh Posth'lico Departinwnt, of the right, to use nil miail comntien tos esi abllished'l uster lie authority of the ot her for' thle dispatch -of crespoidi'nt;c4 eitheri itn Qpetn or closed tmaiI'is, on ihe' same ternns as those applicablde to t he infhtabiftaity of' thme cottntiry prioiihug i thei mfeants of Th-~e report of thp .9erelnry of 'the Inuterior e~hbibit th e coniiion 'f Ito-ae -br'anches o'f tie- pitbhli seryicn which tire the. last fiscatl year, (our imiillion six hun.ti dredl antd twienityninem Llthusand thire' hnundrt..d an md tweive necriip of pmublic' huu1 d1red and(I niinety-twio toiisand fiveP hec~n dr ied amti sk'i tei' :tcres of which wieret etere''d muder - Ine hiomtnc ad act. 1Te policy originitaly ado pod 'l re'at i v.to th publmeitc iaaii. hats unde~rgw ats~remiI muodilicatLionli. Iinnsedi.i' rtevetiuit, a inf' nul theti r.rmapit- eeitteiit, wa'is thle ar dilti it ntire ofoumr lanid sy'stemt. ]long 'fepeince tilt. euarnemst discussion bilrv reoulted in thnu convt 'ion thtbe ('ally de'vtlop'titt, of our ne~rlcin ittural ri souircos, amid th~q j;frtsioi of ain energ'tic plOptllatien over otIr Vast, terriito-r, nare objects of far greteir imuportained to t lie htatioitn gr'owth itd (r'osperhc.y tiltnI the proceeds of the stale of thle humtl to I he tiglupst, bidd ter in opent miark,'. TJhi' pre-emtpt ion lia wis confer ttpn the pioineeri who cotmplites with ihi' tcermis thlm-y - im 10040 the' privilege of puirei! a li Iimit Iedl porIti oif '"unol'..reih 6. tai" the milii I4InWi pricP- 'J'to homes'vtead enactoittis. Fehover lIfe- settlc' fronm 'thq paymnent of pswribtso money, aind secn-o hitm ai per. tantltt home, uponi thet conition of tesidenco for a termn of years, This liib. eral policy itnvites otmigration front lho old, gnd fromn ithe n)oro oFd~odportionrs of tiie siow woriti .ts '~pitionms reathlts aure, tndoulbed,' and 'will hiKrmo nighalhly manifested 'whentim ern 1I hko givnit to it a witter.desvelopoinient, Congress b&,t nad'isa;#'gt of publio lands to corppraiions, in aid of the canatrntina uof raiferoals and otha ilmt.. nal inoni enl11.) 'l Ct .- Sh l th ; Ireferprevail. mnorestienprv C 1 ions will 1)1' re(CI' till'rd to sCetIe' at h1to applice tion (of Ow fuil-1. Thit tit: t lit:I il d 81C1,11111, 1' C l'' 11:1.:' N.~ 1 ) '' 1 IC Woh rwise, butreinC t u IiCh . t ovI Cnitit aw C subi ,-t tI, - ;"- I somel( portion ei ihl. ro~eim h:,i,.n: co p nto ,lit n, eri - tC th' w hol' 'I..it v I n I ?lll..C Co v CIC i I !.,IC )I~' m ' 1*jC1 4 t ati.1' II CCC' i I W i - ' ' V 'I I JtCie lliII e I a .i 1 I I p rvenot . t rI tit n w c I ) Mt MIl prI' C Il Co witC I w ' n'C i n n title 1:dil o ai i, Ii I IerC t sCe 'hC g ni. CClC thi: tC'o x l b V 'hI n eeption of a::1odhv subsequent : 'Iv-r Ait breech o p'. th co -Itim hc Should CI I l t'1''C Ill :.,Z 1CC 1, C C' I. CCi I t is Cold i CClI).' Cil CL.p; C 1 C;11 greiv iy l m rl,- i i bi:) 'i! Ow'.C'CC'IC o offI C C O'C'C'.'''I C C I iC tr1w1 but nC'& --mv.' t:ile to h.,' :In. ong r Op ai on oni C tll (--1 1 v r,i 1o b. C C .11 C I 11*1 v I holJI'CCICC I IIC ;I ,. I C I C itvie cnt i le 1'y :! V.~ - gre~~~t\. th nv v'ia w l b bdefore :!-l 1x1ir ton1 f th ti 'IIg IC C IC C ICC I .: T Iit r IS l.'C! I w 11C 1 x C v 'C -a L t.! :1f it I'I CC t . C! - ' N\ 11 ) .It. 11111 pL,14.l to 0 pe llr' ind P- i lSCt.- r ( of f!C: ' (' - I , C l fou'Ir CCC e: an I I I n I nine luit- nd anI d aCC I \ c t I <I I h I C I n ' AAnya All * uC..v., . - lI'elCI:iCCC'., ,htne1, :'), 1 " C CC' f111C4 i Ow. .'e CI maCC 0 1 Ii Ct! l ' I ' I t! I CI I I Ill'ver 4AnIntII lw I1, !,. 1 Ios e Oy-> 1)::. '1r1,n n I vi ' Isti II t I Ia CI t, 11l0vl of, awll I ) St 1'. - l I I tn A 'IIin Cth'e n' x I C I v. I . In'bI) fl' ; I CC ' i - ' n hC , r le kwl:C .l i 'nCf l r t. . ' :nCi~C'j L''Ixt Cp: (IC '. fC -I'h'-e to l 1.C CI (C ' I C' ' C' I CC re'? aIr CC ICYIC' . CIIrIel:IandC.~ I'l en I C'.-- C C rn Cd I woC ICune'ea CC mI C tfI t C'CCI C' roIln t I e I)nCr'iCof.th-- ~CuCtr CI rI C Il''lCC1I C VIICC ''.C M Cll . 1 . stCCps CI hol be~ ICI ,-nC . nC otCI 'CCC''. ICth eli,:iC,-CI ,>fCC~ the ' C barri,'. CC' ' n ~ sl tru ti e ininbi Ion b 's[o niovalC'C'of ICICCCCI Cl.stIe fonsCII'; 'II tIC C Cl 'C Ife CC iC' CICaI iI' of C '- C rC , CC h CCI a ne o C t riule'3 "CCI dI con'CC rC .1 C Th'' e".'Il'~ ie of C'ob'mbin 'IC exi-Ci IO '1,' iIs not. \ en ih' to' 'hn repreCsenI'Ci C enCCar eiCC. ('II'n'CCC i~ C ImCn- '' II CCClI the. iCn CCienioI IC bCt grainCCC C C I ' C wer of C x I9 a CuU~i.ij (lIf"r Ul'el1lo et/ CICCCC Ces1. CI inC~' the Distr (icCt, 1 whoe int--rC I'CICaC'CC IhnC. confCided N'to' theI C'perin'ji. In'n--C'CI h 'I''..' gresI',iceC IjCIl 'n numb' r CC I I - pC II uI I '' fC wICveraCl of ourI~ 111 ' Cer iIIriC CI CC-' 111., IC IhC Clim isC , 1ChC.pCIe e ICiv'C'.'. C 'I'' .CI I local leg laiC IC'' whiC(C I p e-C ' o I C bI . (' ' r' .. j thorCCIiz Ci Ithe 'ClIor.I ' l f IIh lir'C. riC'I I- - .yCi, l' unCICIIL1 i I t IC.-that. thC'' Cs i ofI 11 he'' i III,:1 .C1 CI'C['ICI. dia ll riti I It pr Cny'A. jig 1,.. CC , CL'ei'ty3 of' the' CCI na ional ineC 'Irop'Ci wliCll ' I'. ' of Civongre It oninralICI rev'.iews (hoI open'' irm C of.' hiC' C IIIC - paImentICCC durICing Ch past year .C'111, and.1 asks' thle Cthoseo SCtaCe hi c hI (. seCIntgI I ny~ C warCCII, are'C CLIn of domesI~CCtic industy.'C'. ri i.4 aC .lCnhjr (Cf of~ I(ongratlCer CConIaI nCI pecl'1I nl t safly3, orI ALtr legithnal : infCCCCi. 01nce1 CInonCIg Ch IC ationi111, havCCe been.'I f'ormedI. 0o' af~ Jompted~i. WhilC' 14entiment11C .1 of reco.0C CICli'ICCIC, Ilyal, and1C p1:1ri'ismCI.~ Chavein IniIIfcCte bCCCy forc(ijfC II Lation. C TheCi COInt lII'iresn Cess. oftheo AtialCnti teo.I graphIC between-'lCh LIIcdast? of .IreOlandL andC the0. ProDyin'e of.Newf~'ounlandI 1s' aiC ' ci. nada~'t wv1k'hasI~ boen juiCC g .lrebr it, in bjoh hebphr.sa IIIIIICCO'. e~ Chi~pen In" o-C enoira. 0'ao oepdetf tia g a l enecess:will at.. I OC1CndC Iand even OOIaCCor JI C(s'0 CaCtlIO1the thronlgIa Chd-c'iIo Odoan1by~ p 99lL lino <A Coo riiph boLereon 1 o ec d I~ fLha.i. . estCICpasIions. In Aniri, - n . Xheo'gsol4 (10% of Cougresi fro(rnfIg~ ngaist pardona~f by fnroI~~1 43OVer'lnmenlt1 Condit Cin CigIon' rCCiUIU ft:,O'Cy-, hd bees coentaoa d~tothetaI' ithh'' -e ~ ~ I to ii- b ' n ",11: - lu r ti e :=jitt lilty iht a. l, 11M."mi1-0t I'In ot% . i 'n 111 v".. I t' lilkl . 'rl I u io. hi4.1 :,i:4 : 4 ro,. hlnpe a iiatoniht-i o-n m e ii liIh t ' Clu' ! n 1- 1 coi t e s o . !I I VI.-nis... . 3 w ' "A:-.pr o 141 oit-l The.4444' -4-. Ix ! 04 1. w . Iu - ' 4 .4. , I I o : I. n vy , z.t. it d . p'i -N .1 ih i 7 ee - luni e d.t b ~ ~ ~ ~ .rl i r h, th:wi oe e rn io-e - -'I4 I t.-.: l ::. : a w O w ,h44.' :111.1 ' I I l .i 11144' ! .%! \).4 I v '4.4aI . 1.4.-n mil rum, h - r 44u.4 :u t 4t4he 4're - . - - d.k 11 1 4I 4.,r it C I h ' I'. i e i 4d-0 .' ; I '4 .'4 '' t \ nex.'4' : 4n44.h j4hir4j :.4.4. n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 - , ,- lnnela lu *~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1114 I . . 44 44 . '~ ,il 11 . lirt m 11111 1 t ''tV ' h. .y:e. u -~i it t , il l - 4,, 4.,' 4 V W4 Ih !Ie lil. . - 44 4 4d , 44j. th 4 '' 4 - . I u I Cl' , - - houM 1e atoa ~ to t'l Ii tle I.c le a I I! o 4 ;1 4 4i . Oli - ~ ~ ~ Irta IIVI I -i w l - 1'44-41 hy ' 4:n.t n4. IN I tin 444in1 -4.'v4 I : I I..4 , I- i 4.44. l 4,444 44 1 i ~ ~ ~ ~ i %')0rn w t ll.1.1. 11 Na;. ith the C . inter4 ted in 44 .~' I t'' 1:4:' 444.'t' .4.1 44.4 % ill I I '4. 44It 44 I lol :.iI ...(I4.'lo,'4. Y.4. -1. u i !'I 14 . , n.1 1 1 4 n I t I Oi, . . , I.1 % 1,th :.sn k i .I 4.4. . I . .. 1 , 444 I I I it ' I I,' .re I s I*. ie c N Io. It rt 11 11 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~24. vao4liI 1. , 4 I o 1 . I lit exp-! - u . Ieive.. fromI ' [ (I Frut bI n :I h:I. I0,1 i Inti, ' 4. . .4~.'h 444 4.44 %'I' 4.4 '4 b. w.4. 4 ,44 It h ptI . 4.4. I~ 44 4 Iw.I , .I4,'1.. 44.1k ii lq%. vmu: h My aw 6 sp. i in bit 00.4 -r~ v an b .1 er, I"A t'at~o- .i M li 14 0 a i vo 'lir .1 rl Q ~~ ;- d ir I ( w a . I I . , I 4 4in 4I ,,e m . :, a ke4.I .n to 4 n4 (it I il 444 l 1 q 444, lint- 44U v': \'4 4 . -IIII I.44i4 . 1141 * b i h.-4,44 n4444..4'n . "74.e .4. I. I t hus4 l4'-t'4. li . 41'' 4444 4.44.1~ih n 4. ' t4. oil,. i 4 I i. ' ''i 4 e u p . I i ' L' .li v ' 4 4 m.4 , 4,h.th44.44. .4n.4.4 I \ .- il.'by the'~4 exp44 4.4.n. 4r o .4, 4.' 44ub4,-4 for444 4 . riu 44b4i4 4mw d 4. 44' '.4' T'. exter44444 4... 4.44 the4...4 44 in 4e. - ., ,4 ni in ma44o 'e. 14l'''4W.41.u 4. '' :r.44 4.4444444!V *'4e.4 1 4.1 44 44 '41 of 4.a e 4i.eir 144'4.b 44.ni4ted 4.tates44 .44 ine'l '44.ni 444. ! .e 4 4 i4.'tions4.444 44rn.'4e444 4j4. w.4hi4'h 14-4' by.444 444he 4: 4.4.44 (antl4. 4ih-4444in 4. 4- 4 4.r'im 4.4-a' bellig44,j44j4 4.'t 44.4w4e .44ai4. 4n u i '4.4 no nl4444 conser1i4 ion4 fl4r .he a.44. 444.4eemr '. thi:1 44'4nthient44, 4.4hall.4 bo -r,44d 444..44.4 ::4.' 4.wo.4. on 4' ies44..4'4. TheIi .4 44.i 4,4'4 -i ''4444444 . I have.4 444,<h.n4abt,. h. ruhject of a4 I4. .such ~4444 'laim . il en4. 44.4u4h44 a44 a-' .444.,e44ig44 '?44I 14. . 7 : 4. '4/ i'(egre4' 4. 4. 4.44 44444.4nsider -44 4.Il ' w4 w':i e.44 b .; )i4h 4,4 bj' 4 i s, I in4 ;- . 4'Th.'. ,'.ay, hmvergr, may44 4.'4m44 4i4...4. 4 i er.4 ja no.44. tuil 44l44.'e4. in 4. '4An en4.ire chan.4.'444' ' m 4inistry occur4.. P5 . 4iame. Tho'nit' titinu)4of4t te4)1.('49 - 44444.1 I 'jriendly 4 ii.44 The4 I t ro tno of)44)'4' 40(1 4.. 444.' w 4,44ound o-a4 e'4d444444 he e4J1tablislye.id ua. .i1h an.d 44eUtr. 444 y, shall41 be restored be. reen4.4 tiIbe ro'01 eli(~ c nat.4:4.iorl4.,-4 OnLtho 0th ofL .JunI14 last4in1 violadon. of' r'nn4f r441its 14.4, a moiltey :e~ped4, -o merical.4441 4 t4C'.. w~..44 groico4(ed antl.i at mpij.l(44 t< 4... r:4'j ,' .Whi4 the lerrito ' 44.4.44 uy.4. i'A4II9t Of 41't 1eIi4nited Slates, 4 edion4or44A o theg'~ol!4.ptIop' 1r{n sd upont in Exect. bji' Costih -, t6'ose e1 ith444m4p.11f'&i \4l4y ,Ie eaid, all f1/44444.yt.'J4 wariigid, by. .p'oolia,n Oft'4tpatin -r lding' s'uihun fl4.VaI et~O)'rp t 15 4 9. 4s 'ot44...,. 441 g