University of South Carolina Libraries
-. . WXNNSBORO. haturtia y Norning, No,tpniber 8, 1866. it - T. P. SIDE11, Esq.. is the solo agont for this paper in Charleston S.C. t Mr. JAs. 1. SKITn, formerly of this p Oe, but now residin, in Charlotto,v. Q. is our authorized agent for the Niws 6 Mr. Si-u 'Can be found at the pessage of Governor ffr. * In another column will be found a portion of the Governor's Message, owing to the length, and the lateness of the hour procludes the publication of the whole of it in O'ne isbue. It will bo concluded in our next. DistingallI' Characters. The Illustrated Phrennlogical Jour. talfor September contains portraits, with dbscriptiotis, 4 Coinib Bismark, of Prussia ; Archduko Albert, of Aus tria ; Quen Rinui, of the Sandwich Islands ; Josopir Sturge of Ingland I Horace Vern6t, of France ; F. N. G ib * son, of NewfoundTand ; Cyrus W. Field, of Now York ; and a group of Nativ6 Africans, with articles on An thropology, Physiology, Psychology, Paumiatology and Physijinomy Charactes in Shakspeare, Hamlet, Cassius, etc. ionming dyes, Impros. sions, Large Noses, Prenatal Influ enees, Sins of Society, Whon to Elect, Questions for Debating Societies, Phrenology, by John' Neal ; "Out of Place," by Mrs. Willis ; Truth and Error, "Quack Medicines," Faggin'g aud Flogging, Fomale Suffrage, For eign Airs, etc. A rioh number. Twenty cents, or $2 a year. Fowler & Wella, N. Y. [FOR THE NEVS. J MESSnS. EDo-ntO :---iy request I have pkepared this hurried and condensed re. CApitulation, for the information of all con. aerned. * It does not exhibit the tax sop. rately of oO1 Clas of articles, but is' so arranged that this can very readily be.'As eortained by a little calculation. A fuller rooApitulation would occupy more space and fail to give any more satia4otlon. Respectfully, 1. It. Jaxixs, T. C. F, D. Tax Cofle6or's Reeaphtulation.* Ilute Total No. per VVIUe. Acres. Acre 800 1 $31)0 Titz as ,j5c.peri$ii0. 85 ) 2 710 4 s * 4 4 38,161 " 3 114, 48 " 98,168 0 4 872.663 i- a. " 218,265 "1 h 1,0116,1126 go it t i is 73,267 " 6 439,0212 a 4 a i 17,848 44 7 124,936 s a a 11,71:11 "' 8 9,704 a t is - is .4,282 s i 29,538 a 6& 1 is 8,944 "10 89,440 -, . '' 112 ' 11 1,232 -44 .44 to i 2,831 ''12 33, -7) 4 0 - 44 44 4' 250 2s 5,0 U k01 4 4 . 4 46349l,~Total $2,87TO3. ..Totl pet returned, 2,618. * 40t1,106, lotal No. neres in tho' District, which haye coine to the 'knowledge of the Vaueo town Iota, $207,485, at 15 cents . er $100.. No. of capitation returns including freed men who paid, 991 at $2.00 each. * ~ Employmnei ta apd professions $s,070 at 00 ents per $100.' . No. of dogs returned, 1,264 at 61.00 per head. Sales of goods by residents, $49,413 at 20cents per $100. Sale of goods by trarieint persons $230 at $.00 per $100. tritous Laiquors, $760 at $20, per $100. fire of cotton on hand 1sat October, .1885, $87,067 at $1.00 per $10t) - SAles of ootten from let May to at-Oet., *10,8.78 at $1.00 per $100. tross general taxe", $9,803. Assessment Commissioners of SSo2 Pes' cent less eel.. cor's oimissIons, $2,648,87 Asssment Comnmistioners. of Puli Btjldings, 8 per cent less commissions, 647,01 -Assessment' Commisqionere of Roads,and Bride -16 per 05nt lessoeomaise e', - 1,867,62 I; * Total Net Loeal Asessremt. *4,568140' Net General -Ta patid tale' Tr'easr',6$g116,yg Tit tpaid Te&ear~ * uminlsson ers, $18,67&d Mbmsw. Bmete: A f for the IhERALD a fewm~ atin.rayegof 1a*b1d. refe.toagaialn the coulrse oose m he present 'IM and future prospects of the Districts. Allow nie here to correct an error in the last sentence of the artigle allu ed to. The sentence should read': 4The amount of cotton raised in the State in 1860 was 200 pounds per head, this District no doubt raised more, per haps twice this quantity." Then (1860) we were enjoying a de gree of. prosperity rarely surpassed,, butr how changed I Since that time production has diminished, taxes have increased, the District has lost, accord ing to an estimate, the details of which it is not necessary.to give here, oianoiphtjon out of view, three mil lion:dollars, and many of the most ao tive and udeful citizens have perished, leaving behind them helpless widows and orphans with very slender means of s,upport. In addition to the , niateria) losses many individuals are dispirited to an extent that amounts almost to de spondoncy and, though it cannot be denied that the prospect; all things considered is rather discouraging, do eidedly so in omparison with the past, yet it is well to encourage such a fooling as little as possible, for it will necessarily affect injuriously the. ma terial prosperity.of the country. In avoiding this it is well, in order to avoid likewiso the other extreme to look the subject full in the face anc with both eyes open. What then is the situation, what are the difficulties, and what the r6medy ? A people impoverished by war and invasion, one-half of the improved knds reduced, by 'the syitem of culti vation heretofoyo pursued, to a situa tion in which they are utterly value less, the system of labor to which we have been accustomed completely revolutionized, a country in a measure desolated by the destruction of imn provements, the soclal effect of the occurrences of the war, and finally the crops of 'the present year almost a fail *N iewesehist of 9 .adveree 4a tures of the situation. On the other hand the intelligence and energy of a people among whom personal industry and economy have. become more repu table, a soil yet capable, abused as it has been, of supporting three times its present.population, the facilities natural and artificial, for manufactur ing succeifuily, and-last, though per haps not least, the fact that the hills and valleys among . the rooks and streams of which we sported in child hood, have begotten associations that will operate against 'emigration, and stimulate to 4xertion here ; these are the hopeful features In the case, and these rander it possible that with the poper exertion we may yet surpass our formeor prosperity. COms. TBB E GVERNOR'8.1BSSAUE. Gentlemen of the &nate -and House of Representativese: I have convened the General Assembly in extraordinary session fqr the purpose of recommending suh modifleauions of exist lng laws with referenee to persons of color, as will entitle the tribunals of this State to exercise jurIidtion over thera in all eases; such a :e ~qtIpa of these tribunals as may be best sd'id to titisend; subuh -. actments oswI)ers greater eertainty as well as eooi'bsy'ln the puashment. of crime amongst all classes e d lastly, suech nrea sures of relief as, In tby judgment, aire as. cessary,\a view of the present condition of It is a striking. anomaly that mere than one-half df all the inhabitants ef the State are upt amnenable to 4rial before State tribu nals and ate exempt from all, liability to punishmient under 31ate laws. Ia a majori. *y of the ~Districts neither Provoet nor Freedmen's Courts aus ia exislelsee, sand personsof color gerpstuste sri.e willh Iw punity. .Setaa of their graest oeneue against soctet are tried eirs.3litary Conutaassons, ~the tong ay la '6tlg. lng the orlinia jlo,te uhosewsy often times. of rdoin hm to"a ries.t plase where a Commlson is -relelfor trial, the iIoelig et see : aten t; theme.'p. ere oo4cel r gully o d te s aba a ahd it a short imprisonment, Who our laws ar4 so modified that al'plisonimay be tried be fore the same.tribunal and upon convictior subjected to the Name punishment for . .hi same code of offences, all reason for the in. terfertnce of Fedeial authority with the ad ministration of justice will have ceaeod and- no impediment will exist to the jurisdio tion of the State Courts over all cases, clvi and criminal.' In the series of Acts passed in Deoenbei Last, known as t.he Cofe, there are variou, discrimination against' freedmen whicl shouhl be repealed, and civil rights and lia bilities a to oribae should be aecorded*to al inhabitants alike. The last seetion of the-Act to establid District Courts provde that "the Jufgel elected under this At shall not be oommis, sinned until the Governor shall be satisfiec that they will be peiritted to exercise tim jurisdiction com-nitted to them. The Judg es have not been commissioned, havinj satisfied myself that they would not be per mitted by the military authorities to exer. oiso jurisdicl ion over persons of color, whiol was the main purpose in establishing thi< Court. The DiRtriet Court may, however be made invalnable by increasing its juris. diction in civil and -estricting it, in crimi, nal cases to offences punishable with les than death, thereby relieving t1he Superiol Courts of many. cass which retard the dis patch of more important business. . I therefore recommend that the sittings oi the Court be quarterly, oroftener if neces. sary: that all misdemeanors or felonies nov punishable by.finei imprisunment or whip ping, by 4homsoeter committed be tried by that Court; that felonies punishable b) death be tried by time Court of General Se. aione ; that the offoies of a drand .Jury b< dispensed with in the Distr[t Courts, ant defendant* tried on'idictment without pro. sentmeot ortrne bili that with the consent of the parties in civil eases, or of the defend, ant in-priminal oases, the presiding Judge may hear avd deter4ino any cause or in dlotten't without the intervention of the Petit Jury ; that Abs,-Petit, Jury shall con. list of twelve, and the vevire of. eighteen : that in oses of *thi acqu4tat of the defend ant, the Judge be authorized to certify, i in his opinion the facts justify it,. that th< prosecution was "frivolous or groundless and when such cortificate is given t hat th ptosenutor be liabkor all the costs incur Wd- than no ot4fr ieeurlty to prosecute bN 't'.qu dy a ktofrom a complain 66 ogn that thi jurisdiction of 0urt In divil, eases be extended to, two bandred dollars, and thai the Jury be paid ft)r their services- by a frei trz on each' ase thy may try. Ryt,e, hirteeth section of the "Act t< '.t14tDurts," it is provide( "that in evbry oadeeoivil and arimin al. I which aperson of plor Is a party, or whici affects the person or property of a person o color, po0shn of or shall be, competen witnesses. The iu,9s4 in su04 a criminal case, and the pa es in every such olvi ose,.naybe wit se,-and so may ever3 person We 12 A . WitU8s4S,' &C. The first pr of- the section admit. ting persons of colar to testify in all cape, where t(bemse)yas4 thplr rase are directly interested, and exiluding-themn by Itnplica tion in all ass'es were they are not interest ed, cannot be rec"pelled with sound polio. or jusl discrimination. They are admitted in that class of cases where their interest sympathy, asJooitions and feelings woult be most likely to rvert their conscience and-invite to ti= aring, and are exclu ded from testifying in all dases where n< motive could exist to swear falsely, excepi that of a deprYe4 heart. The distinctiot is illogical and ind'fensible; and it cannoi be denied that it has foundation in a preju, dice againl the cu# of the hegro. If thi rules of evidnce I. all-the courts were s< modiOed as. to. make all persons ind partiei competent witneses in their own and alloth fr cases, no posil4 danger could esul om it. Many of the States of the Union and several of the civilized -ountries o the Old World'tave tried the experiment and the result ptoves thatthe cause of trutl and justice has -lee. thereby promo ed The oWeofrofevery judicial investigation lI to ascertain the tr th, and, when found, to dispense jusce in. ' conformity theretn With intelligent jtadges -and disorimimdatial ituries, correct conelusions will be more cor tainly.attained byjieatig every fact, what ever may be the haracter or color of th witness . In the secoan a3ph of the seetlo already quoted, the General Assembly har reached the samec eeousion; for in al eae were persona of color are allowed t etify, all pes iIncluding parties ar tehaved copt iless Would not be eminently wise to adopt the -eam rule i all Courta ndextend it to allp er ions? In clvii cases the testimony of persons o soor is oftentimes requisite to elucidate th< the facts and secure a jumst decision. The sotnstitnte a majotity of the entire popula ion of the State, eadof necessity are oftei iolo witnesses of oontracts ad transao lion. between wite. persens. Shall th< parties in sah,eases be denied justice bj xeluding the onlf . evidence to secure i begauseof an. apension that it may b< a measuge ia able f Would it not b< more in sceoordane- with an etblished rule to receive the evidence and weigh its rals9 ? In the law of evidence, thes charac ler and standieg of~ witneess to afoel his eredibilit6 .aot his coumpeteney Why not Ia ' o ef the pesnof oeloi follow this vtle a its e oonclnstoe ? In erimia t ee cnsiderations egh with pevjs &ee. The neisl redly deceeerutedea be oemes a g~pejf teto e hlaations el 1heed and ps eaperiene. esehes that he is ebpleyed to exeeute the iscaidishoes'adp4wwith of f P How can society be prgtected agaipst that, - large class of infamous crime now so preva i lent In this'State, unless,- Vy makitig the te. gro a competent. witness, we avail ourselves of all accessible pvidence to convict the of fenders ? And will the laws of the State continue to offer a roikard to the dishonest to firther tempt and - corrupt the negro ? The well-being.of the State materiall de pends upon thI elevation of this class o our population, and it there was no other, argument in behalf of their admissibility to our Courts, the tendency of such a mi;a sure to elevate their moral and iWtellectual J character woAld be rufficient. The dishon;st may object to the exten sion of this right to all cases, because it r reduces tile field for his Niefarious operations but the good and virtuous are protected, J society is amply compensated for the change. Men of probity and integrity have no reason to apprehend tiny evil consequen ces from the clange. The discrimination of intelligent judges and juries will be a shield against unjihst charges supported by fahe awearing, and the same intelligence will bring the really guilty to condign punish ment. The great. inorease of crime among the freedmen, and the inadeqate punish ment. inflicted by existing tribunals, makes it a h.igh and important aduty devolved on you to so modify existing legislation nas Will' securg a transfer of jurisdiction to the State Courts. If the saggestions I have made do not meet the approval of your judgment, I will cordial.ly co-operate with you in attaining the end in any way which your superior wisdom may indicate. The prevelence of crime among the whites as well as the blacks, in. every part of tile State, admonish ts that the critnini! code is defeetive, and that the punishments impos ed by it are itinadequate to deter offenders. The penaties attaching to crime are fine, impriitonment, whipping and death. The death penalty is iinposed on convictIon for murder, arpon, burglary dnd other crimes, but the repugnance of Juries to convict and impose that fearffil penalty except for mur der, and two or three a ier eroneous crimes against society, often e-iables the guilty to escape under the most i ,iling pretett, and even when persons are convicted in such cases, the verdy t is usually accompanied by recommetd on to-.Ezecutive clemency There is no pr6per punishment. under th laws of this State for high misdemeanors and pcity felonies. None of ile jails of the State arn constructed for wo*k-bouses. and . convicts sentenced tb imprisoument spend their time in idleness. - Tite expense tothe State is very great, and in our impoverished condition thd peo. p!e cnnuot well bear the heavy taxations necessar. .to support these convict' in idleness Thera are many convicts who find themselves comfortably housed, and well fed, and who, exempt fron all labor. r do not regard imprisonment as punishment. They are vicious, depraved non-produacers, and the effort to punish them is really a punishment to the honest tax-payer, whose labor in part, at least. is gjven to suppbr them in isWdoleno. Tlie tumber * of cou victs will hereafte he greatly incrqased. andaf the present hystem of punishment be continued, the appropriations to Jailors for dieting prisoners will be great er tItan the expenditure for either of the Departments of the State Government. To remedy all these evils, I respect fulT-y recopmmend that you provide for. the estab lishment of a Penhentiary at Columbia, and appr6priate not Pc - than twenty-thousand dollars to erect a wall around the Peniten tiary buildings, and to make "eolls for con. viots Muh of the 'ibor in erecting the necessary buildings can be perfornred by the convicts themselves. Ifa ftavoralie site should be selected convenient. to sutfficient water-power to drive all the macbine. rythat may be requisite to carry on mann factures in wood, leather, iron, farrs and cloth, the Penitentiary may he made '--rly, if not 'quite .elf suppnrting. Pun:shments may then be imposed according to toh enor. mity of the offence ; juries will have no aversion to convicting the guilty. and .1he convicts, while undergoing purgation for their crimes, will be compelled to earta their clothing and suabsistande. .The completion of' the prison and the in. trodetion of the requisite machinery will, of epurse, he a work of tinec: hut if proper - economny be practiced in building and stock a ing,it, the expense will hardly lie felt, and in the meantime the convicts can be stab. slated as cheaply as in the district jails, , while the labor of finch as are not required on the bnihd ing can be devoted to the vari oteis mnanuftetlare.eof leather, wood and iron, * yielding a fund to the State to meet the ex t pense of their subsistence.' s If you should determine to establish a . Penitentiary, It will be necessary that pun. ishments now imposed by law be so c-hanged as to conform to the new prison system. Before passing from the subject of the c r,iminal law, 'I desire to invite you atten. tion to the necessity for more stringent. legislation for the suappression of vagrancy. .The law should not only provide for the puaishment of idle and dissointe persons, who are permanently dounici!e(, but should extend to transient persons-wandering over te State, and who~ have no visle -means of support ; and the duty of enforcing the law shonid be devolved, under stringent pentsls tIes, upon the, clerks, sheriffs, mnagistrat.e andconsiskbles of the several Distriots., WAeuigo,o, September 5.---The followad~g exhtbits the ptblo geeht. on Septembr 1, 1866: Total debt bearing coin interest, *1,288,822,84.1.80 ; tqtal debs bseaaing currency intereet, *978,-. 771,040.00; total debt bearing no, intey esk $10653,449.82; 4ebt on. fi intea'~ lt oesedl, .*441,568,81*3. Tota), $9,7388188.95. 0oin aviil* is *7O,t85,958.27; drey avuila Cable Dispatches. LiviCRtooL, Tuesday Evening, Sep tember 4.-Cottonl dull, and doliiief td.; middling uplands 1-Wd.; sales 5,000, bales. Breudstuffi nominally firmer. Proviiion.i unchanged. LoNDoN, Tuesday Evening,. Septem her 4.-Consols 89t. Five-twenties 721}. BYar.iw, September 4.-The- treaty of peace has been concluded betweent Prussia andi Hesse-Darmstadt. VIFNNA, September 3.-Affairs in Saxony assume a warlike. appearance. The' Saxon troops have been withdrawn, from the Hungarian frontier, and the army is being provisioned. The treaty of peace between Austria and Prussia pr 'ided tiiat Austria was not to inter. fere in tho South. German journals charge Austria wi.h a breach of the treaty' Wilh Bavaria, in making peace withonl.t he consent, of the latter. SoUTHAMI-TON. September 5.-The Bortissia, from 11:IaRrg,-sailed this day for New York. with Xql.00o anl 2,. 500,000 francs in specie, on American acconit. . BFu.i, September 5-Darmatadt has compli d wit.1 thie demands of Prus. sia, and will pat her 3,000,000 florius, besides ceding some -territory. FLR.oNxCV:, H Ar., Stept';mber 5. Prior to signing the treaty' of peace, Italy will. disband 120,000 soldierq. L[ONDON, Wednesdar, Spt'ember 5 -Noon.-The stitement- shows that the Atlantic cable i. doing business at the rate of E900,000 per year. Opening price for consols -894, for money. Five. .venti(ls 73. ' [ivF.:uooi., Vednesdav, September 5-Noon.--Cot ton market heavy ;.sales will probably be light to day. News Items. Njr.w 'oitK, Sepitenber 5.-At the Vermont ehection, Dillingham' was re. electe-l by ai increased majority. In the Third I 'on-rosssional District, there was no political. oice, there being.two Republican candidates. T(e other two Districts elect- Republicans. * * PullLAnt.vn1A, Septembe- 5.-The convenijonists have, been wrangling over the negro suffrage question, and adjolirned until to-morrow, ith6int pre. sentatitin of resoluticus'or address. ' The minority report favors negro sifr-age. A resolution offered by Moss, of Vi-in ia, i.o instruct Congress to provide for th. enfranchisementof the blackt, led to much cot-fu'sion and great excite. ment; durimg th debate, it was finally referred. The Northern and Southern Conven tio>ts - fuse to-nighit and hold a mass meeting. Speeches were made in the. firmer by Sutler, Schenck and Senator Wilson,' bitterly denun-:iatory of the Presidt-nt. JAcKSON, Michigan, Sepsember 5. The Piesident and party passed here to-day. Tuesday morning, a reception was tendered him at Elytia, Ohio; but it was marred by several inatilts. A black flag was displayed, and the band dIrawni up to receive the party played a (lirge instead of a nutional air. At. Oberlitn, no reception was tendered. A e F'remonit, a very enthusiastic deinonstra tioni took'place. A t Toledo, the radi ins.aredthai .proceedings by Insult ignterruptions; but with these .excep tig~ns. the aiffhir passed oft'well. . A great crowd a ssenmbled' at Detr'oit, where Gen. Gratnt received the "party in person. The crowd was so overpowering. that arrangmnents for a processioni c0 be effecially carried ouC. . The Presi'dent's speech ptt D, one of the most reitarkable dehtv him. A person in the c:o'wd inul ly alluded to the salary paid. the Presi. dent, who, tht's intergupted. addressed, the itrtruder.as one cif the radical hounds, who had been barking at him. for eight months past, aind taking.u~ the allusion to his -sa?ary as his text, .he poured a broadside of'ivective and ridi cule into the radical Congres, which he called the 9ongress whicl kad'doub,led isown pay and give~n the mnainied eol diers, of.the war a mieagra fdtanice of' .fty dollars bnusly for their services.' Geh. Granzt- ha. rejoined Ahe party. Secretary Seward, in his speed, alluded to the effors being made to se'perata Grant'and~ she beides, ebaracterizing them as tutihe.. ALO0 * '~AL8SA . ET3cmN. N Af & CO