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WINNSBORO. Stitrday Morning, lay 96, 1866. g T. P. S.IDFII, Esq., is the solo agent for this paper in Charleston S. C. We continue from the- Constitutional ist tie argument of ex-Gov. BRowN of Georgia, on the test oath. We availed ourselves yesterday of the privilege to visit the Free School of which we gave notice some weeks ago. The want of tiie before going to press precludes any remarks upon it. We will do that- in our next. The North overcome the South by the force of arms, on the charge of violating the Constiration.. Will that same North allow the Radicals in Congress to overcote them without arms, in viola tion of tbe Coistitution ? Tit .i. STV NS says "the pcople of "the Sbuth1 ought to be confined by "bayonets in the penitentiary of hell." Never mind, TjIAn. -your day is coming. We don't wish the rebs inay again burn down your foundry, but we do hope your constituents will leave you at home next election to build up one that was burnt. The Tax of Five Cents per pound on Cot toll. Congress is agitating a question now which iII its bearing will tell materially upon Southern agricultural int.erests. This scheme- is a tax of live cents a pound on the production of cottor. this is one of the variouls indications of radical hatred towards the South, and its ultimate purpose is to gritid her down to powder. Coming as it (oes now at. a tune when the most'itlomita.h'e ener gy will be necessary to keep the cotton planters from going down, it is not only a gross violation of the Constitution, that there shall be no taxatioi without representation, and "no tax or ditty laid on art.iles exported from any State," bit it is an evidence otmnalignant hate. The worst feature in the case is that while Congressnen are exerting them. selves to lay heavy burileis, atnd grie-v. ous to be borne, ont tike Southern people they are trying to remove as itlI as possible the weight of taxation from the Northern. If it is meant by this to' make the South bear the onlus of the war debt, (ho by all means wait tuntil she is in a condition to ieet taxes. If we must be bled to death, let us at least have the satisfaction of secing where the blood is to come from. The figuring up of a tax of live ceits a pound ott cottoi is enlough to appal thie most, enthuisiastic planier. Jitst take tihe tax as it would iave been iin 180, sup. p0ring it, then to have b)eeni imposed. 'The crop that year was in round numbers, Tales', : : 5,000,000 No. pounds, ::2.000,000,000 5c. tax, : $00,000,000 Now the expenses of the Govern mont i!is 1860 wits about, eighty-sevent mihlions of dollars. S) here are less tlian one third of all the States whtichl wvouldl have been paying entoughi t axes ott one article to suplport the entire gov ernment of the Uniited Stat,es, and leave nearly fifteen millions balantce in the f,reatsury. But how will it he this year ? The dobt,of-the conttry for the hiscl year ending int Juno 1867, counting the cur rent expenJses and t,Jie it.terest ott the standing debt, will ntot be likely to fall short of two hundred millions of dlollarst. Counting t.he crop of ni.xt fall at I ,500, 000 bales this would give say 600,000), 000 poundtls of c2tton, theo tax at five centts a pounditi on whlich would be thirty milliotns of dollars. TIre -internal rev etue tax niow in 0operat.ioni would ma~ke up1 at least thirty miillion mtore, s that hero would be less thant one third of the States pIayinig about otto third of tho ex penses of dlie governrnent when thieir repreentationi is zero. Now as to tihe ability of the~ cotton Sftte to stand snch a tax. Asunming that I he cot ton crop tlis-year wil-' bring twenty-five cents a pontid, this would put the South in possesil of on0iu. dred and fifRy millions of dollars. Sev enty-five per cent of thi .ay ili no#sa ry to,make.ltho millioJ,4nd o bales. This would leave a not profit of twenty-five per cent on hand thatj thirt-y seven'million five h6fndrd thbus anl d6lla6." -Biit here~ebmio iound the tax gatherers, and gobble up thirty muil lions for taxes, leaving seven and a half million dollars of profits among abopt as many millions of people. or a dollar to every one, to start preparationt for tie next crop. RECAPITULATION. 13Bale, .: 1,500,06O Cotton, :00000,00 a150,000,009 Cost, :112,500,000 ProAt including tax's due, .: $37,500;000 Taxes, 30,000,000 Balance. : 7,500,000 If the tax be imposed, it may bogath ered this year mt I hereafter when the planters will not be so badly off for money they can in a groat moasure con. trol the price of cotton. For they will not be obliged to sell the article as they will he this year. Itence even with the heavy tax they will realizo a greater profit. Phrenology The hest System of Mental Ph ilbsephy. Under th-9 caption will be presnted sub cots relating to phrenology. The assent )f inany of our readers to the facts or it least to some of the iats,' aid their knowni interest in the science of phronolo ;y, induces the introduclign of this depart nent in tece columns. Tha is a wise policy to adopt as one of the standards of a m:n's conduct, never to assail an existing :l,w, regula tiol or system without ie line a better one to offer in its place. The main ob jection to tihe system of 1mental Philoe phy promtlgated by the Schools has been briefly not.iced. anl objection nrged not against that system in its n494, as a imeans of at,taining ai end, but as tie end itself. Now what advantnge Ias Phrenology over that system ? It is only by its fruits that the ailvantago canl be tjpreciated. Tl most incompre linsible, abstruse and subtle arguments are adduced by the. metaphysicians to explain the thousand and one mental phentuomna. Phrenology throws a light upon those phenomena thut makes it perfectly refreshing to investigate them in t hat light.. Where will the inquirer finld in metaphysics a solution of such guestions as the following ? Why does ono man excel another in paitinlg, in poetry, in writing, in speak. ing or in singing ? Whby does otno writer use the pr~ontOinf "1' a hiundired tinres where another does not, use it, hatlf a dozen times ? WVhy is one man enabled to over u-onm two great obstacles where another rinails hefore a smnll one ?. What, is the cuuse of fear 7 Whentce arises prejudice ? Why does otne mian read Paradise Lost with ani enchanted interest, while another sees not one partieo of beauty nit ? \V hy will one-fronm'his childhood imi Late alnost every sound he hoars, or every motion 11e sees, while niuother is ahnitost wholly incapable of reproducing either ? Why will a~ ru fail in his efforts Z,o become a merchunt and succeed perhmwa to the amna4etigrt' 6hirnseJfiNid if ini the:departupenttof mathtematied ? Why will: a Aubecom' a pmdf ruid scholhir, and yet, Ae sunable to. empre hendi the scienceo"of numbers ? In line, whly il that,. no Mivo'br viduails in the world 'have enle-Ws~ foundtr to agree in aill oirtits'uoii iSh samne sutbjects ?. irn~ answer~ to any Ono of glye,'qIitsoA mf tall- the books written -by all t&'nt t p)h ilein8. They regard existing,fa~ anid as the. ingniring mithd natistillf ieeks the caidse.A'of sneh., it i 'a vr a the1 attpeVWf doubt, a nd will not be relieved until it is reasonably removed. Thes8 facits are not inexpicablo when bro Ia to the philosophy of Phre The Quaint Sermon, Rdi Dodd, Professor of Uam. bridge Cotlege in England, was a strong Advoeate of the cause of temperance, which brought, him often in contact with those of .thp students who were less scrupulous than the Doctor, in not only touchingtbut tasting the forbidden drug. On one occasion when the Doctor was taking.his usual morning's walk, he was met by a few of these students who were just return-ing from their cups, and accosted with, "Good morning Doctor." The Doctor returned the salute and was about to pasp by when with apparent determinatign they told him that he MUST preach to them a sermon from a text they would give him, as soon as lie ascended into the nidst of a hazel bush which th. y then pointed to. The.Doctor remonstrated on the un. reasonabletness of expecting a man to precli without consideration, but to no avail ; so he ascended his allotted pulpit awaiting the text. They then told him that he must preaOh from the word "Malt." Ile thus spbke., "Beloved I I am a little man, come at short notice, to preach a short sermon, fromil a sh1ort teXt, to a Ithini Congregationl in an iworthy pu!pit. Beloved, my text is Malt. I cannot. divide.it into 4entences, thero.being tone; nor into words. there being but one.. I toust therefore of necessity divide- it into letters which I find- in my- text to be these four, M-A-L--!. M is moral, A is allegorical, L is litoral nd T is theological. The moral teaches you rustics good manners,. therefore M, my masters,-A, all of you,-L, listen, -T,' to my text. The allegorical' is when one thing is spoken of, and another meant. The thing spoken of is Malt. Thu thing meant is the spirit ot Mialt, which yournstics mrke M,-your meat, A,- you apparel, L,-your liberty, and T,-your trust. The literal is according to, the let ters, M,-much, A,-ale, and. L,-.-little T,-irust ; the theological i1i according to the etfects it works-in some, , mnurder,1A,-adultery, L,-coseness of life, and in many, T,-treachery. 1 shall conclude my subject, first by way of application. ,-my masters, A, all of you, L,-leavo off, T,-ippling. Secondly, by way of exortation. M, my masters, A,-all of you, L,-ook for, T,-the truth. Thirdly, by way of communicating the truth which is this: The drunkard is the annoyance of mod. esty, tie spoil of civility, the robber's agent, the ale-house's benefactor, his own shame, his wife's sorrow, hia clii dren's trouble, a walking swvill.bow;, the picture of a beast, and the muonster of a man, who drinks to another's good health. Tihe root of all those evils is Drunkiness. ** Tr.arinom IAL. TO CAPTAIN MAUR . -- oi wilt, perhaps, h)o surprised to learn that. no less a som than Afteen thousand dollars has already been raised in England as a testi momual to Captain Md. F. Maury, the former superintendent of the Wahington Obsorva 19ry, in acknowledgcsnatiand,appreolst on of tho eminent and disinterested services, Yrhich, through forty years'of Incessant labinr. Capt. Maur-y hits retid'ei-d to science and mankind." The Duke of Southerland headsq tbo list, and the- ohher names are chleily thtose of men who apnpatisptd with e Suthdurngthe 'Nrr.-Loedon ( r. Kingstreb BLas -safi *Dlu'ring last week, this Distrlot was visit. ed wNth the heavlegt, fqil .frai ever beforo 4x periencod by te 'ohtest, Jnhabitants." ~leVet''istuUqr thiahag heqfor ten yat We hear :frdv' .all dh'eotlons -of bridges.being Wuildt .away, and the bad oenditon of roads. The growing.,.drops have bees mtpr y u'4,and In sOse places toIl, do fJohn'A keels was electe~ to ti 95atlature from this "Vhe,sMAM'-r--An .English josprotel opees 14:e - opinion, that the '.'C/onl' nimain spqs #f the A.meri ean .newaanap .han14 1v t,im ...-d TE L EGRA 11PIC. Congressional. WASHINGTON, May 23.-In the Sen ate to-day, the deba'te on the Constitu tional amendment was progressing A House bill proposed to oxtend the dura tion of the Freedmen's Bureau three years. From Washington. WASHINGTON, May 23.--In compli. ance with the President.'s instructions, Dr, Cooper, of the United States Army, reports the condition of efferson Davis. He is considerably emaciated, the fatty tisues having almost. disappeared, leaving his skin shriveled and his mus eles small, flacid and very soft; conse quently he has but little mu.ciilar strength. Ile is quite weak and debili tated; consequently his gait is uneven and irregular. jis digestive organs are at present in comparatively good condi. tion, but become quickly deranged un. der aRything but the most. earefully pre. pared food. With diet disagreeing with him. dys. pepsin symptoms promptly make their appearance, followed by vertigo severe facial and cranial neuralgia, erysip.lous inflamntion of pos'erior scall, and right s11 of nose, which quickly affects his right eye and the only sound one he now has, and extends through tle nasal duct into the interior of the nose. I Is. nervous system is greatly deranged, be. ing much prostrated, and exCeOsively irritahb. Slight noises, -which are scarcely- perceptible to persons in robust health, cause, him much pain ; the des cription of the sensation being as of one Rayed and having every sentient nerve exposed to the waves of solund. A want of sleep has been the great and almost the principal causo of his nervous excitability. Tlis has been produced by the tramp of the creaking boots of sentinels on post around hi prison room, and of tie relief guard at the expiratioii of every two hour. which ailmost invariably awakens him. Mr. Davis states that lie has scarely enjoyed over two hours of sleep unbre en at One Lime sinco his confinement. Means have been taken by placing mat ting on the floors for the sentinel to walk on, to alleviate this source of distur bance, but with only partial success. His vital condition is low. le has but little recuperative force. Shoull lie he attacked by any of the severe forms of disease to which the tide water region of Virginia is subject, Surgeon Cooper, with reason, fears for the result. Senator Wright of New Jersey is dead. It is reported that thl) Governo'r will appoint A. J. Chattell in his place. Secretary Seward's Speech. Ni-:w Yoni, May 23.-Secretary Se ward delivered a speech at Auburn on Tuesday evening, lie said the s"lici tudeo which pervades the country wuhld perhapsjustify hiim in addressing the pe~ople upon politicah topics candidly and patriot.ically. Whien good Uniion men were suspicious of chango in die views of thle defeated rebe!s and their support of the President's policy, lie, from die first, rejected the idea, that the change was accomplished for treaisonab,le pur poses. Rteconstruaction is not tneeded, because d.he country as constructed long since has noir been destroyed. Whlat, is needed is reconst,ruction betwLWeen the Senators of the United Stattes now act ig and those whlo beig Joyal, have been or may bo elected he'reafter fronm the Southern Statea. With. fiw excep tions the Southerni people could justly be accepted as fellow-citizens. The Southern States for the last four years have beon merely disorganized. They are now organized and nothing is needod but conciliation.. The iPresidenit's plan of reconst,ructioti is that, so far atid so fast( as unrepresented Southern States present themselves in a, loyal attitudo by represetat,ives iin.quecstioitably loyal, they are entitled to representation. Thfh plani it pracitieable. . No plan. pr9posed by Congres so for Is Immedu4tely prac-. ticable. Hle wa~ awyp~ herews differenice between' Congr.. amnds di.'rddetfer-nre would not cal.,( the Unio prty to losu its great influence in guiding the country to perfect restoralitn. ron Europe. NEW YonK, Mny 2R.-Ititiligonew by EUtiropeans papers received by the steamer Ca v of New York. repor dwt war on tho Coutinent is mnevitnble. There is no confirmat.ion of a ituro. penn Congress or signs of meliation. Earl Chrendon In the IIouse of Lor<,; said thn iEnglish Government would not. engago in war directly or in directly. Nnpoleon at Anxero said : "I detest tos treaties of 1815, which it is sought to male the solo crisis of our foreign policy." This declaration is con. sidered a signal,for war, and the Boursa was panic-stricken thereon. Tho London Tines, commenting thereon, says only Napoleon can pre vent war,. but niforttinately tio arbiter of the vontinent spealks only to spread disnay on every exchange, by sono donbtfil litteranlce. An attempt was inade to assassinato Couint. li4iark, in Berlin, by t.h son of a Replifican refugee, Carl 1llin1. l10 fire<I five shots, which were ineff4ctual, and 1ismark seized hiiii and gave hin, into custo<ly. The South American Revolution. NEw YOHK, May 23.--lavana cor r-spondence alleges that forndablo preparations for a revolution are le pectedi in aid of South American Re pu1bliec. The Governiment monopoly onl tobac. co for1 Uba is abolished. A nother revolution is progressing iii - IInvti. Items. An Antwerp letter states that the ship )ue do Brabant has just arrived there fiom India, with 3,500 bales. of cotton. For the last eight or nine ytars not a single balo has reached that port direct. A train of ears was precipitated from the bridge at Clarksville, Tennessee, on the - 13th. a distance of one hundred feet, into the wat or. One life was lost. Captain Thomas Joynes, the first white mate horn in Loisville, died in that city, on. FridAy, in his 78th year. We catnot, censure a manI in business who does not advertise, if lie has nothing worth advertising. "To-maorrow" Is the day oi which lazy folks work and fools reforn. Tie New York World is not in the least nollitied by the recent conversion or Stan ton, the Divine. The editor say-: *The mien who really ought to be ) anged for th'e Sutfering at Andersonville were men, not like Wirz, but mon like Stanton, whose despotic antd arbitrary ntatutro stop pad the exchange of prisotnirs. As it was the interest of the Confederates to exchange.. we assume that they wanted to ; for though iuiptilso may be inistaket, and reasoning may be wrong, inteiest can always be trust Naw SarM or WxioTrS AND MFSUR1s. -Mr. Kasson reported to the Ilotiso of ipresntativem, on Thursday, a hill and twojoint resolutions, which will pave the way for the introdnotion of the mletric sys. tent of we'ghtts and ameasutres. Tbe Iloutse P.ased thtem at oncee, after a brief explana tion by Mr. Kasson, who has drawn up a report, otn the stubjeoct, which will be e valuable conttributIon to political science. Glen. S'eedma'u Investigation at thte Sen, Islatnds of South Carolina reveals the-fact that freedmen are over-charged for provi sionis andi tho necessaries of life, anid are ' only half ptaid for their work.j The following we elip froma th~ .Kingm,;ree Star:. L*anox BJiAn KtL.-.--r. Charles Le. sesne, a few days ago, killed a huge bear, near Murray's Ferry, on SantOo ifver. This animal, we presume, hadl been driven out of the swamp by the recent. freshiet. It. is supposed that It would have weighed six or seven hundred pounds. It Is very fat and Its flesht most delicious. RU...E TO PL EA D. Time State of Southa Car'oiiaa, PAIRFIELD DISTRICT. IN Tii *oM)toli PiLVAs. 8. A. Boylsion, Extrz, John Adger. j WIIEIWA S the J'1a I,l 414 on t he 28d day of My, A.i -80(, file a D)eoe ration against the Detedaan, wne (as It, is said) Is absent, fio ihu the limit, of thie-8tte, and4e neither wife nor at torney, knowsgihin the same upon whom a eopy of Abe said declaration may be serv.. ed. I&Lf diretbre ordered that the said De ft544t, do appear Ahnd p lead to the said do. 61ttino or before the 24th day.of May, A.D.. 1887, otherwIse gnal andc absolute judgeieitwill then be given ucI awarded for the Plaitif~ agint hm. .~.I Clerkc's Offlee, Paitleld Dhatrlet, MIay 28d, 1800. 7aa 26'66-le3mly