University of South Carolina Libraries
WINNSBOIR Tuesday Aforning, May 12, 1866. Up" T. l. SU.:in, Esq., is the sole agent for this paper in Charleston S. C. Phrenology The best Systen, of Mental 1hilototphy. Under tW caption will be presented sub. jects relating to phrenology. The assent of many of our readers to the fagt; or at least to sone of the facts, nAna their known Interest in the solence of phronolo. gy, induces the introduction of tnis depart.. neut in these column. It cInnet be donied that the sciencen of the mind whence emanate, nil that makes man great here, should be the chief of all sciences. But that high po. sition of it should rot bi characterised by the perplexing mysteries thrown around it, but by its ilhuininattion and its practicability to the iffirs of lie. For examiple,. why does one man excel an other in the study of asironomy, or of painting, of music, of - matheimatics, of mechanics, oven when both are subject. ed to the same rigid training ? The most prodigious effort to get an answer to the'inqniry from the schools will in. evitably be baffled. Nothing can exceed the subtilty with which they have treated of mental phe. nomena,'and yet no ibor among all the sciences has resulte in such barren fruits,-not to the laborers thiemselvee, however, but to their disciples. Suppose a man to undertake teaching a people ignorant of it, the science of agriculture with a view to their practic ing it. He goes into an elaborate ex planation of the constituent elements of grain and esculent roots. He tells them that by the laws of affinity certain com binations produce a grain called corn, which by the laws of vegetation will, when brought in certain relations to earth. air, water anil heat, prodce a vigorous plant that will reproduce its.(lf. No one will deny that. his study of the chemistry of plants will do him good, in training his mind and enlarging his store of knowledge. But if he leaves his hearers just there, he will be sadly disappointed if lie looks for a successful application on their part of his instr-c tions. Now this is just where the schools leave the mind of man in its ef. forts to profit by their science of its phie. noma. They speak learnedly of the elements of thought, but that grand truth that the immaterial of man acts ab. soltitely and explilsively through the material, is left clear out of tho connt, and its absence is attempted to be sup. plied with a subtle theory dhat, like at ray of light thrown into a volune ot darkness, only makes it doubly dark. Indeed their efforts arc what Sir IsaAC NEWTON'S would have bieen had he tnn. dertaken to advance the science of as tronomy by investigating thme rntunre of gravity instead of its effects. So: the Schools have ndeitakeni to explain the nature of mind, of spirit, aind the conseqnence is they ha ve run into all kinds of extravagances of Idealism and Materialismu. The one seeing the ab surdity of the other, to avoid it. ran into ate opposite extreme. Phrenology goes into neither, but steers a middle course. The Trial of air, Davis, There are some indications that Ji:F FER8ON' DAvzS will befo long be brought to his trial on the ebargo of treason.- No event can engage the in terest of the South more than this. It. is said thmat l.is ehtof.point of defence will be based on the subject of Stiate Rights, and the prcerogamtive grantted every citizen of a State to eaistain the cliolal action of such State. In oth,er words, the whole.sa~ of the matter is, that Mr. DAvis will .BRen his defence upon the principle thaE.the al legiance of the citizen is first to'his, State, and then to the National Govetn. ment. We do not attempt to predict, but, we4 t'o argue that if Mr. DAv1ate tried lie skil be opnvicted of treesen. WVhother upon Lite U. r- I han claracterimg tlib revolution.ry party im power noi. Th.era0 no dotnb v can in tilmt Stroig and so, q g to I b draitro,i the Contitrit a offSeto t1 above 241ce, argument as will be drawn will suffice to decide the jurors in the e caui. Abd the argiment,will. indeed bo-s(o*fraWe: thit'while even & friend of Mr. DAVts must papse-at its bearing! ie could igt give it bis sanctiou bevnse,. from the elementary opinions which entergd ino tihe formation of lite Constittion, and from the irregular constructive adlininis. trationi of the powers granted in that in striment, ho could not condemn a mah A)r treasoln when' he might be; doing a thing to condenn himself. This, we believe, vill be' thel nit.of Mr. DAvIs's trial. It being tihi fist trial of tihe kind, and the convictibn 14 ing based upon a doub(ful ground, Mr. DAvis will be banidhed or pardoned, nnd then will be grafted on the Conti. tution an aniendment precisely defin ing treasnon. As for treason itself, there caln be no dioubt now of tho definition of it con tained in tihe Conptitution, but it is the loose practice of constrinihg the Con. stitutionl inl the past that would indnco rt jtistjniror to gire the benefit of that laxity to the arraigned. Our Early Politicol History. It should not surprise any rensotnaible man that the South and North diiffered widely in their respective constructionm I the Consituitionls, and that snch di versity o' opinion shionild gradually widen the breach betweeni them that 'ounld, only be Closed ip with blood. Governor R ANDOI.'n, of Virginia, who was nl of the neiblers of the Conven tion which framed the Constitntion, de dined to pit 'his 'namo to that iiFtrni menit. Among the reasons given fk r his counrse os al publip representative, conitained inn a letter froin him to the H1onuse of Debateof f Virginia, written in Richmiondi and dated October 1Oth., 1787, are the following : He wanted Virginia to take the ini tialive, and hoped sine would be second. ed by a majority of all the Statet, 1. "Ia causing all nnbignitius of ex "pressmrni to be precisely explained." 2. "In drawing a line between tie "powers of Congress and individual "Siates ; and in defining the lorner.'so "6;l. to lt:1%ve no1 clashing of jurisdictigns "nor dangerous disputes ; and to pre. 'vent the one froin being- swallowed lip '"I)v the othor, under cover of general "words, and implicatior.." Now it is a fact that some of the ablest, men in the Convention fetred that State governments would swallow up tine general governmient. In tine counrse oi a debate on t.hc qunestion whiether the national legislatur~e should :onnsist of two branchnes or of onne, Mr. IaorsnSO wino took tine firat, said in the :onirse of his remarks, "I apprehend thne grea,.est danger is "fnrm the enceroachmnont of tine States on "the national government." Aind when Mr. WrI.soN, or Pennsy I vania, said "let us: try to ,degignate tine, powers of each'-that is of States and af general government, Mr. MADISON in hnis reply stated that "To drnnw .tine line ,between theQ two, "is a diffilenh tak.' I believe it cannot ''be donec, and t,heref'ore I anm for.a gen. "eral governnmnt,"-and by a "general governient Mr. MADDISON ineant a ~trong federal Ltverinment," as 'he else. whore oxpredses it, Ott tine qunestion~ aa.to wihethner or not each St,ate abnouki have an.eqiual-vote in the Sonante, as they hind done itt the old~ Congrdss, Mr. Mainson who took thq negative satid,, "Thi 'great .danger to our genersl' "gover.nr.n, is the .great Southrn&Va4sd ".Northrn inbterests of the Coninnt b&p "ingq opposed to each otherA Look te th. 'Wotei i,n COongtes. amnd tuosep( %4p 'atand divided by the geogabhp~ "co0unrtry, rnt accordiog to the 0 ( heln States.' we * 44 - iepoiia histor of a f Statp~i is4 copuan wd uilllhmnttf nothing less than war could destroy. that interest. The preot ongresa seblind to facts. e j On FdAy morai 1 nth dr chee t a ' skyana a chaing -At mosphere. The main incident of the Isty' iertaiment wns,a dinner, sump. JAQW.4nd.raoierale, to a,company of gentlemen fron. which the round sum of *95, was r. alized. During the. day the ladies were unflagingly engaged in re inircing the depleted array of viands, in learing the debris and. preparing for the store vigorous night attack. During the day, also, the faney articles received a tasty and opportune accession from Richmond, Virginia. At an early hour after dark the com pany re assembled- and for two (r three bours the hall continued throng(d with visitors. his night witnessed a repe. tition uf the incidents of the night pre. vious, the same bustlo snJ animation of movement, and conversation, and merriment-the vendors at the tables Serving the reetiperated dishes as b.fore all the various' departments perforrng their prescribed functions while we re marked that the raflie lists c'rciilated even more liberally, and the noise re ceived an audible reinfor-.ement roni the voice of the auctionedr, vending cakes and other arteles. Oin Saturday it closed. The exact re turns havo not beeni made. but the gross proceeds are estimated proximately at. about $1,150, and the nett profits at from M50 to $700, asuccessful result in view of the stringency of the times. To the ladies who inaugurated the scheme and worked it to its succe a-ful resilts are richly due the gratitude of all interested in the acconplislhnent of the latudable object of these effort,.. For over two months past under their exeellent organization. they have devot. 4 d.heir time and atteition and tnst.'e zealotisly and cheerthlly to the prosecu tioii of thie enterprise and have succeed. ed in establioking a substniltial fund upon which to baso futirro oollections. We cannot close without adverting. though iiaderuately to the assistance contributed by the radies of every other denomination and faith in our communi Iy. Though noi. primarily involved, theso ladies united in most unselfish and active co-operation. From among t.hem we could designate the names of some of th1- most effective and siccessfal vendors at the tables, also of several who came from the country to contrib ate their personal supervision and skill in the various preparations. We are sure these generous amenities aild cour tosies are duly appreciated by the prop. er parties. In this coniection we cheerfully pub. hli tho followving notices: Mrs. A. Latta, and the ladies of Yorkville--who contributed to my ta ble at the fair will acce*pt my thanks. C. LAuD. The Ladies Aid Associationt acknowi. edge a doniation from Mr. Jas. McEli roy of $10 Our association will give a. Concerd on Friday the 22d of Junue. Mase. C, L ADD, Manager. Anitagonisio Mottoes. The war gre w ont of prmncip1es not wrong in themselges, bus. wrong in their aipplication. Tihe North rallied around the motto "All men aro oreatddeejtal," 5ad ther& ror, oontend for the .iright ot golf-govern TIh. South raise fte q , "We have the Jg of !(-government, beo&un.e all men drrat eqima. Partyism in th~e T.nited States has not contended so tpu4 fqge ~9htitu. t.ion as it.lIas forditepeculIiar tenet,s. It has insiated less upon enforeihg the Con. stit.htion, and vmorb op0ui ewVf 'ng th ose tenets. TIhe copase e~d be'been that t,he C ngtitg J ftool nml. 15 vltto party rather ikatfunda, uiental law of thEIs,*4 e" 'Hence the bro~I fus erous and MgWahiihout gtheb war, seIpt its, each Aaqn (et mpWnprinui p1es rigt im' 10h M t drawa from the Declaration of Indepeiindnce, and ,not from the CoW00tj11. And the same n*gnanimity should onate dhe vi0oPi's,linstpad of that vipdiotiWe, rag wih chpr4cterises them. Aceir position is out and out pliaraskical. They have dered, anvi why not we ; we have discarded forever our error, and why not they thoirs. EX-Governor Brown's Argr,ment on the Test Oath. We publish to-day from the A ugusta Constitutfonalist*a part or G.v. DROwN'S argument before the U. S. Circuit Cturt in the District of Georgia. We will continue it until all is reproduced. The argument is one well worth reading. As a defence of constitutional law it is unanswerable. It establishes beyond contadiction the unconstitutionality of the test oath. When read, it ought to be clipped out and put into the scrap. book. We especially urge upon our young men to read it. wibh care. They should not think because they do not intend studying law. that t here is no advnntage in such readi.g. Every yonag man in onr country ought to be educated in constitutional law. For from it is de rived all the powers exercised over them in whatever trade or profession i tl(.y follow.. And our comiary ains been ruined as mnuch for the want of kinowl edge of this kind, as from a.ny other cause, it not more thn any other. Ex. tremists North ndt South were a law unto t.hemselves, and their followers were educated in this Felf-made Inw, Mid ruin, disaster ani death followed in its wa4,(. The Crescent Mothly. The May ntn)er of this periodictl we have seen. There is a story-nov. filette-from the pen ot Miss CLAHA V DARoAN-1idndaUbledly tho best sho has ever published. Tho plot opens. pr . gresses and closes with the most natural ease. Indeed two words wi' describe the story very compreheiisively, it is natural and complete. The Crescent is pub}ished in New Orleani by Mr. W. Evitmx, at $5.00 per annum in adrance. We are re q'ested to open a subscription list which may be found on our table where we will recetive tho naies of those who desire to aid in establishing and elevat. ing Southern Literaltire. Sherman denies having burned Columbia. Hampton proves conclusively that ho did. But H11npton ptippens io bo a Sotthern man. Here is evidence from tie other side: InoRToN, Oto, May 9. 1806. Editors Commer?eitd: Oil reading your ar tiele in .the .Commercial, ot th 8th, a. to whether Sherman or fiampton burned Co lumbin, S. C , brings to mind an incident ihat occurred here at the tine Sherman was resting his grandarmy at iavannah. It was underiood.that he was to march through South Carolina. A petition was drawn tup, auddresse'd io him, (and It was signed by nearly all who saw It,) regnesting him, i'n case be marched througih Sa Cavalina, 'o desolate the wh,oe State by tire amnd sword, as far as the rules of war would alluw bim,. I knmow not whether the petitionm ever roach od thme gallant, soldier or not, but it, s& that I.e'need shrink from not hing ho did on i,bp piarch. I heard the opinion expressed a hundred times at that tme. ihat every. t.inig in South Carolina should be reduced to as hes, and her chivalry 'compelled to wander, beggars over ihie face of the earth. Yours, &O., .. . Sherman "need shrink from nothing ho did on the nmarch." Whimt a confession! ROCx SArLT.-On Petite Antie Island, in the Southern part of Louisiana, there is a bed of rock salt coveritng one hun dred acres, which. dturing the late wva, snpplied nearly the wvhole of the trans Mississippi district. Twenty one millions pounds were taken from it in three r,onths, yet it Is reported that but a very snmall portion of t,he deposit has beetn cut awvay, Immediate steps are now taking to develop the mine. SOr.ID MArTo:.-The Commercial Bullejin, j,reply to a correspondent of. fering to rend! "soinething to fill up with," says: "Thap's just what we want. Sup.7 pose you t9wore. ):owv with aim roasting piee ef. bipf. and ab flonr." - The Bnlletia tb%rsfrom ma lhtrs in thjus p1,ring. 'toid n Wtiut The "hymal" (a uItin the "ermog t i% oh) lates 5 t tp TEL E.GRA I PiC. Confirmation of #he Masslere. SAN FRANCISCO, -May 1G.-A letter frcn,a Charles lHam*lton, <1itted William'.s Fork, Arizon., 'April 30th, seems to. :onfirm the massacre at Fort Goodwil. fio states that the massacre occurred ten days previous, and that of the two com. panies of regilars, the third battalion of the fonrteenth regular regiment, con.. sitiug of one hundred men, only seven, escaped. The remninder were muirdhr.. ed and scalped. The Apaches renpedUa' r ch harvest, carrying off arms and am. mimition, commissary stores, &u. A number of supposed friendly Indianns were admitted into the fort and surprised. the gnrrison. The( tribe of Indians called Huolapes had murdered one man and committed other outrages in the vicinity of Wil. liam's Fork. Lieutenant Cervantes, of compainy A, with twenty-six men, attacked the Apa. ches forty miis east of Camp Lincoln about March 24th, killing twenty two, and wmi,iding five aid capturing t,wo The same day it party was pl-inning alothier attack. licet t of the Liberals. SAN FRANCISCO, Mny 10.-Tho Im.. perinal CGnsul has received official de: patches,.va Acapulco, amnouncing that. the Liberal, after their defvat at Michoacan. endeavored to rally, bit. were_ suppressed anm comph-tely roue d.. The oeipalion of Tarristora by tihe i. perials is officially reported. From Washington. WASHiNOTON, May IS.-In thm1 S'nt!lle, to1-day, Mr. Sumner .pre.lentedV the petit i'i of sundry colored ci:izens, ;lskinlg that Ihe second clause of the pending constiintional ameniment bo strickeii out, and ono substituted for it, declaring that no Congr-s.mon from tihe Stom It be allowed to at. in the House of Repr-esentatives who is not chosen b)y nt. least half the loyal men, withot:t regard to color. He also presented a petition, for the trinl of Jeffirson Davis by a court-martial. In conntection with itis,. lie said thnt the trial of Davis nt. Rich nmiln, at. tile present line, would be onn of thos. great comedies which woul hereafter excise tihe derision of the world. The. petition. wits referred to. the Committee on Military Affairs. Tile business of tHie House, to.day, was mainly confined to the coisideratiou, of tile t:x bill. "To the Ladies." At a recent. dross ball, given by tle ultra fa:4ionable of lnris, Asia was represented by a 1issinn lady,'whose hair, arins, and dress blazed with the light of diniouds.. lHer entire outfit cost,$80),000. At a ball, at the Duohess of lojano's, in. Pal-is, recently, heor stster, tile l'rinceess ot' St. Elia,,appoaredl as thle press, in a robe oarvered wyith tile pages and titles of' severaL, journals, printed Oin satin. "uv"OF BwNNss-Th fij's cor reslpondenit of' thle London Tele r~t es: "The 0one great object of may ad iNton in Paris is the bonnet-Its evo--.chmanging shape, Its splendor., Its disappearance and its 'dark days of nothingness.' What do you thin1k bonnets were yesterday ? Not - cepe, nor tulle, nor silk. nor satin, nor velvet, nor strawv. No, nothing butt flowers, Ssaw one ladyv pith a beonnet of dashes, and aohrwho had on her head a handful of' lilies of thte valley, festooned with greena riobon. If' It really Is anything, a bonnet can scarcely be less than a few llos of' the valley, whIch at Florence routld cost half at.. Paul, Another lady had a wreath of wall flowers." Time Princess Bimeski Korsakcoff has made a sensation I Many people opver:hteir4$ of lier before; but she Is,'-nsvertheless, the wife of Prince Korsakoff, Ivho Is,wip*obably, . of ltussIan affRnities. He-Is 'Inly very 1, rond of having bi. wife.~ - R gorgeous dIsplay, nd,. lt.kefor her a dress. costing hio uitlhfo* -.equal to about 6400.000O in gold - . Idh she appeared -a the grand inn leeently given by Nap@loue itf State. I. lronyn de Lbu bttous dress enabledt her to i NAI~ he G reaL Empress of * ben' earifully elaborated. potritto te empress now ,preserv intfylce.Thme skirt was of' .,et, -etabroidered with silter and AgUo irlU10tif *ur'of the Slberiasn mar tis. The train *as only -thmree yard(s in en hjr%b s' for suich ani enormous ou~~y,J4nthis glori Ons robing was on.. u peda a veil of old Venemiarnlace, which o'endedkfom the cap. General Pi I ~b een sentenced to bm lo.; hue. con 1* I.in: Aodh. will pr", el bad:about it.