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T TW EEkLY 1^6.Ew.o ByGallrd&Depoteo WNNBOO S Cl AT-;PDA ORIN, PIL 28, 1866- [VOL. III.-NO. 388 TIHI TRI-WHERIY NEW BY GAILLARD AND DESPORTES. IATHS OF SUBSCtIPTION: ."TIlE NI-WS" is published on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at $6.00 per au buin. invariably in advance. Single copies ten cents. ADVI:RTISINo RATES: Ordinary advertisements, occupying not more than ten lines, (one square,) will be inuerted in "'ins Niws," at. $1.00 for the first insertion and seventy-flve etnts for each subsequent publication. Larger aivertiscncnts, when no contract is made, will be charged in exact propor tion. Contracts will be made in accordance with hile following schedule column1 mo. $ 20. ,} column 1 mo. $ 75. 1 " 80. I " 6 " 100. 1 " 1 " 45.11 " 0 " 120. 3 " " 45. } " 1 year 100. A " 8" 60. " 1 .' 120. 8 " 7. " 1 " 200 Contracts will also be made for smaller spaces and for all perioiis over a month. For annouicing a candidate to any office of prolit, honor or trust $10.00. Marriage, Obituary Notices, &e., will be Charged the same as advertise,nents., Notes on the Constitution of the United States. BY D). 11. N1M.0oT. No. 5. S.CTio- 3d. CLAus. 2nd. "Imnmedi. "iately after they (the Semitors) shall "be assembl d in coniseipence of the first 4vlection, they ;iall be divided as "equally as imay be into three classi-s. Tlhe s(at. of the Senators of the first "6class siall be vacated at the expiration ".of the(, second year, of the second class .'at the expiration of the foturth year, "and of the third class at the expirationl 6.f the sixth year ; and if vacaeCWs 'haplpetin by resigination, or otlherwise, "duinig the recess of the Legislature of any State. the Executivo thereof nav "make temporary appointnimits until Ihe 4.next iee ting of the Legislature, which "shall tholn fill such vacanlcies." The effect of the power granted in this claust. is to arrange the election for Senators throughont, the United States inl such a manner that one third of the Senate shall be newly elected every two years. There is thus given both popu lar and State sovereignties the opportt. nity of endorsing at. the ball%-box what their delegates to Congress do. 'I'here isjtust ahead of uis a chance to see the workimgs of the provisions in this clause. Congress has by a two-third vote in both .of its brarches enacted a law over and .above (te vi%to of the President. It re mains to be seen whether the people of .the States themselves, satiction this act. of their delegates- It can hardly be ius. sible the sanction will be given. Observe the manner in which vacan cies in the Senate are to be filled. In the clause providing for filling vacancies in the House, the order is emphatic to the Executive of the State. But here it is said he "may make temporary ap pointments," until the Legislature of his State meets again. If it mean that the matter is left to the diseretion of the Governor of the State, then it is a privi. lege which ie may or may not use ; but ifit iean that for that one time the Constiutiont permuts hinm to exercise theo prerogatives of the Legislature, then it is his duty to fill the vacancy, or &aeant tiiea, ats eoo,n as possible. And this would appear to be the true construc tion. C,Au8r.3d. "No person shall he #'Senuator who shaull not have attained to b"ie age of thirty year., and ben rine nyea~rs at ciZtize of the UnitedI States, "'and( who sha.1 not when ,dlected, be an s'inhiabitant, of that State for which he t'shall be chosen." From the natatre and contihtution of' t,lre Seniate, calmnesy, gravity and digni ty aro expected to chiaractorize that body. Moro years of experience, and a longer idetntiflcation with theo ite~rests of thei country, are required to fit a ciii. zen for meombership thtere. It is dtesign ed that they sthl be men too grave to b.e dIriven by evptr.y. wind of political doctrine. and calmrnonglh to gnide tlan ship of State safely through the storms and shallows of denagogneism. Note the three classes into which the Constitution divides the people. Per. son-Citizen-Inhabitan t. The first may be wholly represented, partly, or not reprosented at all. The second is wholly represented, and the third may repro-ent. C.Ausr 4th. "The Vice President of "the United States shall be President of "the Senate, but shall have no vote, un less they be equally divided." If there is one office creited in the whole Con.ztitution where greatness is needed, but. where it is ex officio kept under, it is that of the Vice-Presidency. That officer is comparatively a cypher in the administration of Government. and yet a contingent necessity demands that he should be capahlo of all things. It rarely happens X.at the Senat.e are eually divided, and an occasion arises for his cast ing a vote. CLAUsK 5TH. "The Senate shall "choose their other officers, and also a "President pro tempore. in the absence ''of tho Vice Prvsident. or when he shall '"exercise t he office of President of the United States." It has happliened three times that the Vice President succeeded to the Presi. -lency by the death of that officer. John Tyler succeeded General Harrison Millard Filniore succeeded General Tay. lor, ar.d Andrew Johnson- succeeded Abraham Lincoln. Perhaps but one Vice President has died during the term of his office, and that was William Rufus King, under the administration of President Pierce. C.AUsF OTIr. "The Siate shall have "tie sole power to try all impeachments. "When sitting for that purpose, they "shall be on oath or affirmation. W hen "the President of the United States is "tried, the Chiof Justice shall preside. "And no person shall be convicted with "out the concuirrence of two-thirds of "the tmembers present.'' it has been seen that impeachments must isAuo from the House of Represen tatives. And when made the party impeached is tried before a Court com posed of the Senate. For fear the Vice-President from bad motives of am bition may prove partial in the trial of the Presilenit, he is reheved from duty, aud his place supplied by the Chief Jus tice of the Supreme Court. "Two thirds of the members present" can cotn. vict. For the first time in t.he history of our Government, .he powers granted in this clause of the Constitution are likely to he exercised so far as they relate to the impe'achnent of the President. To all appearances there is nothing that the present Congress could do with a great. er apparent sanction from the Constitt tion. Not that they have grounds upon which to base an impeachment, but that it will accord so well with the hatred towards the President, and if they can devise or concoc any charge, they have already the two-third vote of the "mem hers present." Here is one vote which the Senate can take without any refer ence to the representation of every State. The only obstacle in the way of a full swing of the prejudice against the President on the part of the Senate, is t hat npon his trial they are all "on oath or affirmation." They cannot be so lost to all honor and justice as to sustain atny charge of "treason, bribery or other high crimne or misdemeanor" against Andrew Jojmnson. Cu.ausa 7Tu. "Judgment in cases of "imnpeauchtment shall not extend furthter "than to removal from office, and disa "qualldicatiton to hold and enjoy any of. "flce of' honor, trust or profit under the "United States : but the party con vict. "ed shall ne~vertheless be liable And sub "ject to indictment, trial, judgment and "pumnishumentg according to law." This clause"defines how far the Seu, ate of the United States shall punish those wvho may be qotwinind upon :.t peachment. "Removal from o oe" is all that th'e Radicala care to do with President Johnson. He is in their way in making encroachments upon the Constitution, and hence they would remove him. SHOTlN 4 CL.AUSE IST. "The times, "places, and manner of holding elections "for Senators-and Representatives. shall "be prescribed in each State by the "Legislatare thereof ; but the Congress "maY at any time by law make or alter "such rogulations, except as to the places "of choosing Senators." State sovereignty and United sover. eignty are clearly defined in this clause. As to the "times" and "manner" of "holding elections," State sovereignty has granted the United sovereignty the exclusivo dictation ; but as to the "places" of holding them, State sover eignty reserves the right to control. CLAusS 2ND. "The Congress shall "assemble at least once in every year, "and such meeting shall be on the first "Monday in December, unless they "shall byjaw appoint a different day." The timo for the meeting of Congress, that is its regular meetings, is still on the first Mfonday in every December. The civil iffairs of a country so large. ro quire the attention of the administra. tors of Government "at least" once in every year. The Cholera. NK.:w OIL:ANS, April 7, 1866, To the Editors of the A*cayune : I extract the following from the An nual Scientlfic Discoverj for 1865, be. lieving that it will be of interest to the public at this time, and perhaps per. form an important use: NEW THEoRY RESPEOTING THE CHOLERA. A work of considerable importance has been published in Germany during the past year (1865) by Dr. Max Pet. tenkober, bearing the title "Investi. gations and Observations in regard to the Propaganons of, Cholera, with Re filections on the Proper Means of Arrest. ing its Progress." The author is Pro fessor of Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Munich, and has been employtd by the Government during the whole of last year, investigating the progress and mode of propagation of the disease m the prineiple towns of Bava. ria. The present work is the result of his and other physicians' researches, in the form of a report to the Government, and has given such complete satisfaction that its gratuitous distribution has been ordered throughout the kingdom at the expense of the Government. The author advances no now theory,. but pruduces a volume of facts of a most positive and conclusive character. These facts could hardly have been as certained with the same precision in any other country ; for not only would it have been impossible to ascertain the age, condition, Mode of life, etc.,. of the sick, but the patients themselves would not willingly have subjected themselves to a similar control. Observations were made in Munich, Nuremburg, Augs burg, Wurzburg, Ebracl, I ngolstadt, Gamersheim, Rattisbone, Framstein and Freysing, and the author compares his resilts with the "report ofthe mortality of cholera in England, 1848-49," and t reports on the cholera in India du ring the years 1817, 1818 and 1819, by James Jameson. He shows conclusive. ly that there is no contiadiction in these reports; th)at the facts asce!rtained in India are precisely those which have been observed later in England, and bnt last year in Bavaria; that any apparent contradiction is due solely to accompv ning circumstances by which the results were modified, and which in part are mentioned by the authors themselves. TIhe facts which Dr. Pettenkober claims to have fully established are a* follows: 1. That it is not contagious in the usual sense- of the word ; but that it can, nevertheless, bo carried from one place to an9ther. 2. That it always follows the usual rout es ofi commerce.. 3. That no elevation above the level of the ocean furnishes, a guaranty against the disease, nor Is any 4epth necessarily exposed to itt ravageq. 4. That no contag~ons cholera mat. tsr la floating in the atmosphere, e,n4 that consequently the diapass is, npt propngatedl IVg e,pge~pq.4*,, *5 'That it is'not piitefthrough the water., 6. That it is propagat'ed throngh the oarth. 7. That the earth reeblves and ae Velops the choleri contagidn from the excrements of dis6ased persons. 8.. That exotments from a diseased person thrown intb a link dr privy, are capable of transforting the whole mass into a hearth of cholera contagion. 9. That the gasses disengaged by the decomposition of organic substances, especially of ex0renjents, pbnetrate the earth, rise to the surface and become then the cause of fevers and of cholera. 10. That there has not been a en gle cae-ofcholera observed in Bavaria that could not be traced to that species of infection. 11. That the stools of persons alct ed with cholera, or that peculiar species of diarrhea which usually pre edes cholera, are more infectious than those who are actually seized with the disease. 12. That cholera is always carried to a p!aco where it has not yet appeared, by a diseased person, and communica ted through excremeitts brought in contact with the estth ; and that therb is no other way of propagating the disease. Immediate contact with the patieft; in haling the air of the sick room, washing of the dead body, nay, evei dissecting it after death, doer not cdmmunicate the disease. 13. Not every species of earth acts on the process of decomposition in like manner, and the capacity for spreading the contagion in the marner above stat. ed varies, in consequence, with the com position of the soils Un which dwellings are build. On rocky foundation, gran. ite or sandstone, cholera never becomes epidemic. An alluvial soil, underlaid with lime or clay, or any other cause which keeps the ground moist, may be come a teeming womb for the cholera contagion. 14. The cholera'poilon may be in a persory from one to twenty-eight days without manifesting itself. This fact furnishes a measure for the distance to which it may be carried from one place to another. 16. The disease which is not com. municated by co-itact is carried to the inmates of houses. sleeping in rooms exposed to the cholera poison as abova engendered. 16. If the cholera, as proved in London, is more inytense and fatal in the plain than on elevations, it will, on investigation, be found that it is owing to the better drainage, by which filth is removed before it is decomposed, or before it enters, as in damp and wet soil, into process of fermentation. Dr. Pettenkober found some of the worst cases of cholera on hilse where the priv. ies of houses still higher si.uated empti. ed into sewers or sinks of improper fall. Tht upperhouses were generally exempt 17. To prevent contagion, the stools of cholera patients nmt be disinfected before they are emptied. The best dis. infecting agent is vitrol of iron (green copperas). Chloride ofthme only puri. fies the air, but does not destroy the cholera poison. 18. When strangers from cholera districts are expecting to arrive, the privies of hotels and boarding-hoiises where they are expected' to put up ought to be disinfected with vitrol of iron-say onee a week. In the rooms and corridors of hosritals turpentine may be spread on paper and exposed to the atmosphere. The ozone (electrified oxygen, thus given out is the best puri fier of the atmosph ere. 19. Care must be had net to allow an~y linen to be washed which is soiled with the excrements of a cholera patient. The p recess of maceration, to which soiled clot hew are usually subjected, is capable of developing and commnunitat. mng the disease in its worst form. Jamne son fonnd the same truth in 181IT?'18 and '19 in India, without t racing it to its mouroe. 20. Thor, are no other sanitary regulations capable of preventing' or at resting choler# in its progress, than- those which' have refer.nce to .cleanMg and purifffng those paces whiehV serve t ti onveyhliman. excmits. If the 'ab6ya ere f*ets, as blaimied, h9w important that advantage should be tlten or. the ignowledge of.thetb, par ticulrly in N~ew,Orleans, where 61thy gutters aide the rule, apd faculent mattel fernments in theai M411I times. Hoew poor a prUotion-iW a guatailtine, 'ha ii pyeensregulatedi- ',dhloled is' etisani nicated and _propagated as aboe, and that iu s so. Ido' not doubt. 9 v.YKLA. The Chureil eastelliNellcch, D EVOTED to the Interests of the Pro testant Episcopal Church, is publish ed at Charlotte, N. C. Terms of ulscilp tion; cash it advance. For six months, $2 00 For one year, '4 00 TE:n!s e A+ERT11i!N0-F1ftP_aen% ecnts As line, or for the space of a line. Td ;arl advertisers, a liberal deduction on tl'e above will be made. 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