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It UUtt.Ol Sti*XlN£L, BAKKWELL, 8. 0. Hhc vinced that “war 1 imo comli- J5 ivmyelt Sentinel, ()#c r.i ipi 1.1 lYl.: . Ii. d l v-Ty i' I. u fp 1 1 -I j By T/Ib NEW bEYHNta IMi IOM BAN Y / ft '■ T — AT— A. BARNWELL, S,C. 1 V CnAfl. Ca’rr yi. Siiin/s, - PrcR'dtMU' Jno. K. Snkm imL/m i'.:Tr-b». m.d (ivn- er>U Jytaiiakftr. „ ■■■..,.•■ i i" •/ tions” eovotVH niultiiudf* of (it- foCts that could ho remedied. ,ItT fund-hes ail over ready ex ilic. for, uliiee dr firm tluO, have delayed to sent] oi^t t^ie dt‘~ii;<.d nrUrlcjS' When they. cover their * DEATHS IN THE COUNTY. ■7 ’ "" _ ' M. RUPERT ASHLEY. After,/'<\\y (\X*~ p/ ‘ be used as such, and not as pantries - stoiY-rooms. Require regular ~ and - weekly batbihg while prisoners are in the 'jail, „an<] give the pris on: rs th,ivo merfhl a day instead ' of . ./ , . tv. giving. them v. heat’.bread b»x-e L m ^f' "hVn w^pks; daily aiuf fresh-’ nfeat/or. tish at IH ir | Iryio pneuiii<)ui?i, M r. M . lio|Jt»rr I twice a week. - " *• l >y With# you thaU^ili v, ot W-iltis'i'oi), died-',at ' " the Maine imgd be la id on \v;ir , j,;, v ; A4enOe ot Ms* inoihci Skilled x. / <. / / .hi L r~ llOtTiieHlco 'IV. M ./JONES, Editor Entered as secmid-c ass inaipOEtU^Kjrr^b ruary liv 1905, nth he I’ostefHce^ft [Barn ; well, S 0.; udder the Act of'CongreS: n .. n n s< > 0 * <?• rr c< ,d ..r e H t< ir \ n b; y»- B rj w I \ f> If u tl ei St' II cl tl tl w Bl P r» ~ tr n V f< «b “1 } <x h* si cl i i> w y< » jr< Cl ti O’ w cr w ni h. cl tl igress of March 3. lHTft Legal mlvertic'ii'g at the rate of $1 00 per inch first ins* rtioiiv and fifty cei t- each mffe« qwei.lf insertion Obitnar Xribi.t *» of Respect. Iteao-. luteins of / RA^-ct. Cards of Ttnia-ke and all othr r r> ading i ot ce« not n^w*, wilt tie edaTtf-'d for at the raie of Hf-ty oents prr inch, or one cent p r word, wich i* i»- rtion, with a mininmm clui'c* of 25 c/nU,j. All cbufiges of advertising i nd all oommuincaiions must te a(hlresi*(‘(l to The Barnwell Scu t nel and mart be in thi* < tlice not later iliap difMay .mqrnirg to insure publication tn the current i«Mie. \ ^ All communication* inui t 11* signed / by the writer; not for publication, but •Sftri nvidence of g od faith, ai d. topro- tect the newspaper. .. St'BSC RIPTION RATKS, One year 1150; Six month a Three month* 50j. > in aovanck' 1 90c; time, toimHi-ioiis, r;itli</r tlum on ] a -t -FiitFftv Mp A their deJiiy,.ymi must *ii r at •that. Thev t A1 h \«»jl thiit they jtflya malMyour package we eks stjjo, tuu lulls m thelarger cities, niercluiiits whose htisiiiess liave de^toided on gotHt mail facilities, liave - not believed tlirtt \Var time con ditions are ^solely to hlai.ne.. The jiost dflice (lepartnietit in laThAyears has come in.for niucli pTiiirittg fit tiie hand of ~ it* high - officials. TUe'ir aim has been to make it self-supporting To do this they have greatly reduced the working force; Pos- h fl leV had for. s'fveial iijo^.Ujshe«.»li •eih}>l>»y<>1 in Aumista, 1 .('lav He i- u do :L Mr.. J. Aillcn C^ve• hjif Superintendent. Visited April 0 t ' f918,. by Assisttint Secretary Rroyles. Paujiers present, 3 white males, 3 White females, 2dne . MU hi.Afaihi rV >i<|.- of AO'’> males, 3 nc-trro females; total l.f, aih dyoiir package weeks ago, t j |(> .\shjey and Wrather-l>m> Tlie 8 v «T»Re; daily popuj^'ion in the i.l if you never revive it, you f, : l„sUdr?, of k !iV/:i eve .v.-ll J «“"?**» for-the pnst . ij^tn’t Itl.Mno them, Into pourlion.vVe.l toonly. I iis ' y "; ,rs “ h *" hi ^^en 15. ' ail facilities. In a niimbeiy^f; ... .1. ' j f n i-'MiW n * In th^s Almshouse, six of the eleven o-dat oet- c-iti,,. IllerclittllO * ■ d.L , J,„ . i! 0 " ' ere w,.men, but the- ftiun.y- . .dial lepton, lainilv,. He w as the has hired no matron to care fdr4hem. only ciii.d <tf his mother, his , The ’superintendent is the only re>;u- fatln r irivfng died several lnrly employed,person, and it follows years ago; Tin* > remains were- that many necessary attentionsV'wlyyh take.ii. to Charlesto'iifor t in* only 4 "woman,couTdgive, are hot'rtqw 1 termeiit. 1 /’ - r ! — j divert the female inmates. The super- j intendent is sympathetic and kind, Mr. C, J. Hay Head. { an d all the inmates were happy and .. , , ., v „ ... 1,lj / -.// -y XKToNr-E'T WALH BOA 111) takes the place of wooden trimming-, paneling,- w'aiiksgoting, • or plaster. May be painted aii.y color,wo is eminent'v ladapfed -for , use oimppper w-ails-andyeilings. Anyone Can put it on. Neponset.Wall Board ('oml)iiK'sieeoifofny and attractivem >•>. Its dura- h'ility is lon<^rihai^dast-er. It’ca.nno't crack or' fall. \\ e have the width or finish for ypuivneed. tal clerks say they are too few' The many friend-of ;Mr. C. J. Hay contented except one old lady, and her, were saddened Monday to^earn of his attitude was constitutional. Next to death, which occurred Sunday- nitfht .to the lack of a matron, the most of his sis- strikin^ feature of the Bamweil Poor ter, Mrs. ('has. J. Colcock. Mr. Hay ^ard is the pivinp of rations weekly la remitting cbeekR nr money. unJerr mate psyablc to ThK NkW SKNTINKt. I’i HI ISHINfi Co. The County Paper. Wlmt do you think of it? You probably feel that it deserves ii great deal ef censure because it never tells anything a4x>ut you or your <<)niiniinrty>- \’is- itors come andrdeparl. Your people make visits to. otlmr places, i'here are marriages and deaths in votir communitv. v *■ Your selmolor church is <loing splendid work. Others are men tioned, hut not yours. .Some body is surely to blame for this condition. The county paper may be owned bv a ..board of directors, hut it belongs to all the people. It is more than glad to receive news letters from every Lection of the county,^ H your-section ire 100 lew ' • * 7 *’“• " , i ”7“*^ to haydle the imimmse volume Wils G5 Jf ]rs & a «e- About two years to the paupers, and lett.n* them cook f n%M ; 1 „ v *. .. , 1 ,1 • M^o, while living in Barnwell, he suf- m tneir own rooms. Lach inmate re- of mil tliat pass tliroi gb piein fcrcll a stroke (lf para . |ysi ’ s , from ceive S , the followi„ K supplies weekly: hands Ol else be jumbled l*i.| which he never fully recovered, "al- 3 ,bs - bacon, 8 Jbs. meal, 2% lbs rice hopeless confusion. 1 here though at titnes he appeared to im- or 3-Vi lbs prits, 3 lbs. flour, 1 lb. supar, a 1,1 elliciencey that costs ^nore prove. Several weeks a^o his con- Vi lb. coffee, 1 lb. lard, 1 qt. kerosene hall it saves. We rejoice heart- dition took a turn for the W'orse, the °*b t box jrnatches, 1 plu^ tobacco, 1 ily at the reduction all unnec- *end coming Sunday nipht. har soap, salt when needed. essary expense, hut we wouldM Mr. Hay made his home in Barn- The Commissioners have screened far lather see an efficient pof- wt ‘d f° r many years and enjoyed the the superintendent’s house'gince our tab service than to see a debt friendship of young and old. At one last* inspectioh, and the Superintend- free department There is no| tirnc he was ma Kistrate here and for ent is- paying more attention to the valid r.-asbii for giVitlff nn'hicf- y ™f s scned “ cl " k »"<• tre “ urer of “’"'•K* and <» the pJr- lU'U-iit or undermiiMiied ,,-rvicc “ f , ,ho tow ’-, He .‘k* S ’ 7, b# 5 h . ■ , - nal organizations, beinp a member of 01 which he is to he commended. In ill order that Uw department ^ Qth the Masons and the Knights of onlc r that the paupers may be bet- may lx* self-supporting. . | Pythias. j ter caret! for, and the score of the His body was taken to his old home almshouse raised further, we recom- At the* TvfjiU'st of the -1»ank at Boiling Springs Monday and laid mend that the Commissioners recover f Western Carolina f Barnwell rest, the following morning with the superintendent's house and repaint branch’), we are reproducing the M ason i c honors, after funeral sen-i-_ itjnside. The present system otf giv- following letterT "*'' - - & [Ws conducted by the Rev. Sam Hay mg a week’s supply of rations to the ■i'-rf o Mantels, 'rile»;(Grates, Metal Roofing Hte. ■ - -».- t 607 Broad St. - T Augusta, Gu r -" / ' - . y: '■ v- £ . Yl>ri l 1 * I 1<|| 8 I a t the-Boiling Springs Presbyterian paupers is very wasteful, ar\d we rec- Dear Sir • I Church. He is survived by three ommend that this be stopped. Em- J /- . ♦ j brothers, Messrs.* W. H., R. Mi and H. Pi°y the negro who now cooks for oni^ lJ_ U I C ‘ r S °j )a i ra0 Cl,)V< 1 1 a,n C. Hay, and four sisters, dVIrs. C. J. or two of the paupers to give her/ull laiing ni.ined to e\er} bank Colcock, Misses S. E. Hay, May Hay time at the almshouse, and ^dfitre- m till* State I bird Liberty and Gertrude Hay, who have the sin- ber to cook for all the inmatyVfixing Loan Sifbscribcfs (.’ertifleates. | cere sympathy of many friends. On the face of each cortificah is- a place upon which should be inserted the subscriber’s mune, Milt jtliefe certificates <110111(1 4 be issued only to those "subscribers who have ytj least made the it/ initial payment. If is very desirable that a complete list of every snbsciber be made, and at the close - irf INSTITUTIONS OF THIS i COP NT Y IN GOOD ORDER lias not been represented in itB columns for some time, the fault is yours . You are tin , ' i VY , • ‘ , •, , , ,i JJM‘ campaign forwarded to this on! v i.ersons who kilow Hie lie.wsT* My J 1 U ' • office, tmtt the present gencr- lu vour community. W rite us . , kati<»u and liiture generations the news on one side ot the na-J , ■ . ^ . , .... 1 1 may know tin 1 names of the loyal -oils and daughters of South (’anditia. t is orr ]>ur- ]>er, sign vour name and post- office. We will publish the news but not voir* name. THi« latter we will treasure in the archives of the office. Claim a place m our columns for vour local news. , ■ State Board of Charities and Correc- tions Makes Report. Following an inspection of the Coun ty Jail and Poor Yard on April 5th and Oth, the State Doant of Charities and Corrections.has made iwreport'on these .institutions that is viry compli up a common kitchen and/buying ju good stove and proper utensils for it. One room of the storehouse might be used for this purpo^f The saving in j rations will moiV than pay the ex pense of cook bfre. Vary the diet of j the paupers/hy giving them fresh 1 meat at leafst twice a week. Pay the superintendent’s wife a salary* to as- sist hfm with the females, and let her hav!e charge of the weekly bathing of i women. Finally, the Commission ers. and especially the Supervisor, To those unable to pay cash, we will lend up to ninety per cent of your subscription,atsix per cent from May the 4th. 7 •—— Notes ter be secured* by bonds and X i ^ d . made TTiivable rNovember 1st, 1918, or- huS/^qual monthly instalments. > ve ri^ht will be .given to repay these notes in full or by partial 'payments' at any time before thev fall due. ■4- * 4 sanitary, besides being liable to hide vermin in the holes that generally tear in them. Finally, eijforce the Poor .Mail Service \ Gradually wti that wm have diift>di»ii/t of the Way^ of peace. T h9 nu^<7tnk- "tittf v v i(tenre- nf Thi -r —' po>( r to have a c.-molctc record ol ail sul)»i , ribcr< to-this loan alphabeticai v lis'c l according to co:mtii-\ and ju v co])y li-led-in th«* State Lilirarv in the Cap itol' in Coljunjb'a. and a copy ! placed in every public college ; or sviaud ldu-arv in tin* State, are -realizing ln\voars to conn* it v ill not mentary to Jailer G. My‘Main affd Superintendent J. Allen Owcns^/The almshouse, and each time should in report shows that the jail ka^scored spect the rooms, the food, and the ! a total ot-6(>4"poiYits oilt oGa possible general conditions of the place. . The \ 1,00(1, with the Almshousy'a close sec- ffofy of* caring for the^e people-rests 1 health, whether marrie^l, single, or widowed, date of discharge and how discharged. If discharge is by death, t _ ... the record should show the cause of rules,strictly requiring a ‘hath upon death as far as it is known. We fur- ; entrance, and 11 regularly once a week ther recofnmehd HTaTthe superintend- | thereafter so long as the pauper re- ent have.the floors scoured regularly -mains tit' the almshouse, once a month and all blankets washed ; Carrying out these recommendations regularly* ewry—thre^ months. r Dis-i will make for the .better care and car.! all quilts, , even those belonging health of the inmates, and consider- luc oupervisor, to the paupv+s tlu*mselves. They can- j ably raise the score of the almshouse should make frequent-visita_.±o_the' - not ^ washed, and are therefore un- besides ond with (101 points/^ The report, * which is quite interesting, rs'as fol lows; iffi'. G. M. Alain, ydler. Visited April 19Hg by Assistant Secretary Broyles. Prisoners day of inspection, •1 ncgroYmales, 3 females, of whom two yfiwn and two women were go/ernmerit prisoners. One of the ne- Vo meq was downstair’s doing the lx* o.f^iujUMvsf. bur ii will be ‘■oui'cc -of great prhh* kXo\v ‘wnstairs do era go daily in the un-ettled laborcpn<litioiis, and higlior pi ic *s for Bflu.i.t wo luiy find Avh-af wo -C11*. Sun <\ familiar hteo-- an* rhiT-Yi the iiei'ghh(Tyh'oud>/:."S..cin| -cj,r tlio-t naiin s and to t rai/' our liceti<>u to thou* lovuTpeople, iii'l Niini t hero fore j^k.ing that _ , vqu . iiiaRs^t lii.s 1 i>r w.ith care. i fro^j'TT.ijtiJi a.-. to Tths^ri'pcr '•pej.ltng "I -ill' Haino/aiaiY^ilio ]rr(X'iit addn -■<, Ki\/v.*' r v:/hi-i*rr4W t 4 »ieas-A a.i 1 v ix * cooking. The average daily popula- tion in'jthis'jail foV the past two and a half years lias been lo.f.—— ~ squarely upon, these gentlemen, and especially the Supervisor, and they cahnot intelligently provide !&>r the needs of the inmates without being in •close personal touch with the home I and the inmates. We recommend that the superin- 1 tendent secure a suitable book, and keep-in it a complete record -of the j paupers. He should rule the book in i columns, ; mi in it show the name, sex, j age, race, date committed, state of now and , . "•**«• r* a present of. its total cost Or year that cl os 11 a \ (• I x e 11 lily < i i spo r * ( < i to training canijV'or tb I'Tahif; . ShiimioiitV-ot giV.>»i vaii■ 11(111'de layed u nf('a*'.^i;d»lTVa '. " com. pared with- tiJoi-f fii'rnWr -»\il‘t iK'ss. Last but Tint ira-tvi - .tif , • " - * v •.-■• * ■ tlisjoint( (1 .;.iiid ’(lola\a d Vwdi service. Compjaiiit , olh~ i hiy‘YcfrttviH arisen, fri/m over.;, ijuarter id J ijw bravo. bo\ tho oountry. _Tbo -ivp+v-chftt-i, rrtWraily oforiirg’ thuir life unanimously givon to alLpom-Jfm- tnutoction :indy ho pro- iffaints pj\ i;a, dm"" to •iviir] 'and"w ollhrol../ fntuyo goiioratidns, have taken* out i i i ft jfc.ud‘ ^\ aT ninip-. wib ho -aiHo-ji- ir f ii 1 ’ lairio hi pi a \ - ^ i ctsJfi ! I > "ti i 1 >.:tur'o4!.'! \ 1 f>orung to a; mo with g-i >( »< t a \yrn_ ozu at 111 lllOnt rttf - want tin* minds of wlhiin you 0"i(u- m oontaot tlrat who are ba- Since our last inspection, the Com missioners h;tve.bui!: a now kitchen for the jaiier, and equipped it com- pletvl.v. w ithp. hot anil cold running •water,, and good sinks,i They are to i o C( nifnemled lor this ifiVjukivementy 'A o common 1 the jailer for (ho general clear.neggujf tho* jail and die premises,-. -Tor the gqoil rggbrds. he is koop- -in'y of’dhc prisoners Vv o recommend fliat-’the Super* isor apd. commis..ii)nors install a bath-tub ; downstairs, jusi ouisiao the throe Classified Local i a .1 0 11 ( (1 '.U . 11 t ^ t . - U I I • !( •** i ily I ro O' tl |i 'o*’: (4iur‘‘i s). ut n O ;l ‘ f -i I i r i ^ - •o i .1 > W i’;| auaVo 1 1 Ii O faun -tl.s H*t,( ■ H g(0 • • ’' i > - !]!■<’ I I , *t!senients U «A« a i . i.l :i i*j.r c •». 1 fi • <■ f it rs i r- ■ 1 IT ill !n . -i-- Oil - •i ti (* 11 rP'y' i’ii iinT l ca : '(*■ l IT. i; r !l • fa! . r’, - ltu" ; a r :.q '■ < > r i l,ii M- i*. ■! 1 : '+H i L (* fi «• -t~f r ' .l :i i .i ,1 . J .. 1 • 1 • 1 Jin iii m « i rv««rvs4r-**.i. r . '. I * ; conditdiVs,Ylio*draiiisdTro groa! 1 \ delayedi Stale ito-wspapors l^g comp the vory-bs^jnee of stalo- ness' before they teach their subscrilx'rs. Articles urderod'hv parcel ' post hehotne lost or mislaid: At least' tliey never Teach their destination. A Com plaint brings ’ the clieering news tligt owing to disurdered war conditions; the- mads are \erv slow, and the package will probab'v soon reach, the consignee, IalUcis which liavi ildp'-Hi-uraiiee in ' uChq- t!ioir fam.lies at home may lu pi'" tom od in cast\tlie fortunes ot war should tall hgavilv njxm them. .Thi- brave muKitliouglit- tu; effort (>n the part of tiiV'C voting men should tmicli those ot 1 u< who caunot go, to -1ho trout and should apphai to oiir -'Oiis-e 'of honor, as well as to pur sense of diny. t.j see that il.ic boys who may7qc*'(> back, ^ i.nany jprpbably beaijqg the only a short di-tance to go wt.j wupuicjY-tgCtlio. ewinflidtlui\«* fretpiently need lour or live some provision witli wllic.h to #1 n «r i f /\ i \ a . . 1 *• t \ # ! « l « 1 1 ■ — .—* n i —.*T" g'-m- • v M lip I dav^ to make tin formerly they iecjtmvd many hours. • The ayer'age man is ! • ■etiougli to put up wit g inconyettiences* tTi;»T <'*i> essary to wiii ih( # war. I remembers tlie Uiblesu. tliat ‘‘charity Covers a iAi -of sins.’ ? lu this case lie / u hen -tTTTt life am w;'l^uTf 7 how that our hearts w ill Teat with ioy when We can biuidburboy, uj (*ii Ljg -return., a liberty,* ’* which we Ha\. hoiig’nt t6 bac. -.him up and to, .pi’oifcr iiim h find -then giy<* A. 1 ’ . Light -tart 'TitV- in fair ('ar.d "II! cbinpetit-ioh • trptf ' ],i< '*8CiIsdiow-mau; iiiis^should be t our cells mi the iiiyt flo.q’, an l put in a shower bath Tor the use of the males on.the second floor. The bars of The grating lyur the toilet fixtures upstairs are rust mg badly, and should be painted at,.once,..'-first;:being, scraped- ah<T then ‘ ■mixl- pnyrored Carefully fo' r^move the rust a‘hd dirt. PimvuJe morel blankets thap-tor jhe fail,-and have.th'e jailer discard the comforts and quilts now^-in—use. ^ W.l These cannot beWvashed, and therefore^ -ut t,ie mark ' are unsanitary. Finally,' provide TtYore medical service for the jail by paying the county physician for— and requiring him to—make a physi cal examination of each prisonerwith- in Hi hours after commitment, vacci- ,nap.* against small-poX when indicat ed, and make weekly inspections of the prisoners’ quarters and food. We recommend that ,the, sheriff and jailer use the three cells downstairs for. female and juVeniJe - prisoners, putting the negro maimCook upstairs at night. These cells were made for use as a jui.rt ol tne.piison, an<l-should ni* -in..* e (t g I Ir Tckiog j : 1 j 8'X I -1 '«•- f I ' ill l*.yu•• I :M._, • (> - i - • I, * 11! M K i k . ' H: d five iii 1 s 'ifm Vi! '-to' ; s' >T i on*!, pics ijji lo’’ "ip* ef ti V honit* nr (nr im ii. yi -tHie K -JLIheHf> Tir ca- n i,■ r (vilf li’l'al\e^t - rn.< Sc *" or writ** It. G Il-aolw e';. ■ iX nnairk.: ’^. (’., if)oil me»n b isine.-s, -'Jo 4. Xls'.tels of g > d corn ’ p* i *(* f. o. o. Martiic S.KT.-* 1 Apply t > H. K. Johnson, ■24-4-.4t Martin?, S. C FARMS and a 1 kinds of poiperri Sold • t * an)'one p r cent. By IqiUrd Stac» S Farm Akpi cyl Room 217 IVukwHy Building. Rail ideip’Pa Ft. 22 3m, EMBAYED NOTICE—Taken *<p at II-Fn E*’y irims sou;h, of I'ar. e ell L Worm drive. Electric lights. Electric generator, 10- foot loading space. 2500 pounds, $5000 truck guarantee.. Ihiik right to get it Hght. More brains than metal were ■ x!. Self-supporting. Amateur -proof. More than bij .'n useY 99.6#> perfect,-according to the service r. cordi. ' . . L- _ . | I i-yoiT like, take your time with the payments and let" i pir-cp. six iriies sou; h. of thin at ell f l » T , . . .. . . • . an t thr*e n iu-s.noriti <>f ki n/v * :r - AiaxAvcL buy itself on the run, It pavs its way sma \ V ry m<;b* an -ul ,W V to Hyv • ' • t. ' ' lbs. (hviii’ r can g | ra-in* bv i->.,yi g 1 '* ,r * "*-*'. 1 • ’ ... r .■■' (ism .gt 5 *—jmdrjevfR of ad <• tisuu. ( , .. >c ~ 4 , . . , • . nimj d' - 'iv ' • 1 »H J - *f-i«rj nMnn/4 .. 1. *. K11*.t* - S. () (ism ,g» : 't Id 2t faith; - <t/p] will , j» ] *k. -b.c'int '1)011(11. ' . . , J. >\ ffKoiir..own in agc'skinT lu^x.r.; uni tv ,1 vr •H'g B — the lowest priced truck of similar capacity in . toe v odd. ■ • : ■ •' ' • - ' -.-*'.. * . • i" . ‘ o ti V\v,i.>ii,.. i M '' "Uf- 11 >.. mu* J c ’.ir,s \' i'v '-ni jj'ri ’ v. phi win \\;. Kob**i t-tMi, ^ ^tate^ChaiiTiiiiti. DR* S. Y. BROWN RESUMES VETERINARY PRACTICE 1 )|. s. v. RmOUI.. Tl-:;)n:;t y Stir j • . who 1*. 3V4n?(yr fox tv: so rv i cx* it • l . -S. yy*Jkt>^ctgrat-d P \. ell and ic-umcd his praclice as \Vte- . r•: r\ - surgeon. Hirrse-jj, tow-i mul iff ally uVaied. ELLIS F ” OS. ESTILL " ~ .J •-1