The weekly Union times. [volume] (Union C.H., South Carolina) 1871-1894, April 15, 1881, Image 1
Dqcofqd to ^gqiqttllurq, gorfiqulturq, goiitqstiq (Sgonomg, jBiag.
x VOL Xll.?New Series. UNION C. II., SOUTH' CAjpBwWpRlt 1%V'T&81. ' NUMBER 11.
fas waiih rvwiK,
Our contemporary, the Union Timet, again
proffers our canal pooplo its friendly advice.?
The Tim;t says it U afraid the schome has been
undertaken ou too grand a scale ; tliey had better
go back to the old ilolley plan. Along with
this our contemporary remarks that the people
are tired of puitiug their no>uey into great
soaemes which come to grief every time, whilst
they are out of pocket. This seems to be quite
encouraging talk indeed from one olaiming to
he interested in the development vl the industries
of the State.
Our contemporary also lodges a comparison
between the practical advantages of the Charlerton
steam mill and the readiness with which
it will go to work and the time which it must
take to apply the powor here to the mill. Well,
We wish our Charleston friends the best success
in the world, but we remember they built a
in Ckadoeton tefere n^^iKd'
Atlanta steam mill has also gone the' way of hutnan
flesh. Yet we do not say our Charleston
neighbors are doing wrong. They know their
own buaineaa beat. "You pay your money and
you take your choice*"
Again, one swallow don't make a Summer, and
there is such a vast difforence in the manner in
which mills are constructed using the same
power; such a difference in a substantial backln?
nf u< . ?). . .l:?r ?
- --0 ? wmmm vU???|fllOV, OUVIl rt UIUCIVUVV IU U?C
time of construction, the original cost of mill,
tho general surroundings of tho case and the
men at the fore in the management, that what
might be splendid success under one set of circumstances
might be a dead failure under another
set.
It seems to us, looking at it from our best informed
standpoint, that there is almost everything
in tlie kind of inan who has the management
of things. A genius for the conduct of
business goes a great way, experience goes a
great way, yet in all callings the most inexperienced
man sometimes, by the sheer force of
his individual character and natural genius,
overtops nil others and absolutely blazes out a
now way for those who come after him. But
this sort of man is not known until he comes,
and the best that can be done in such enterprises
is to take men of tried business capacity
and experience. A first-olass business man is
very apt to be a success whenever he consents
to act.
So far as our manufacturing enterprise is
concerned, the men now in charge are first-class
business men. Men like W. A. Clarke, George
Shields, W. B. Slant ley, T. A. McOrecry. J8.
Coles, John C. Scegers and N. B. Barnwell,
are known to be solid business men by all who
know them. Besides this, they put their own
money into the venture and are very apt to know
what thev are about.
Now, as to the selection of the exact place of
cunTirucilirg tue uniu, au., we ao not unucrstntid
that it is a foregone conclusion even yet,
although the circular indicates the placing of
the dnm at the Penitentiary quarry. Yet when
the subscriptions are made up we expect to see
a first class engineer called in consultation
on this matter, if the minds of the stockholders
and directors arc not completely satisfied as to
the location of the Dam, &c. It may be taken
for granted that the dam will go where it is best,
in view of the amount on band, the requirements
of tho charter and where, all things considered,
it will pay best.
Now, with reference to the magnitude of the
scheme our contemporary is not properly infirmed
when he says that this shuts off practical
results. The charter under which the pres*
ent organiAtion exists requires the development
of the water power which he cites as - a
useless expense. This, according to the present
plan, along with a first class cloth mill of
20,000 spindles, is estimated to cost some $600,000,
with 12,000 horse power of water developed
and ready to hitch to gear as it may be wanted.
The mill, then, will be the cheapest to the spindle
of uny in the South and have 12,000 water
power besides, worth at the lowest figures $10
per horse per annum, or $120,000 per annum,
which amount it requires $3,000,000capitalized
at 4 per cent, to yield. So, also, it is estimated
^ that the water power can be developed and a
16,000 spindle yarn mill constructed along with
it for $431,000.
Mot only litis, there are many other valuable
franchises accruing under the charter granted
Thompson &Nngle, and now owned by the present
organization which are dependent upon the developmcnt
of the water power to the extent now
undertaken. And these franchises so derived
from the State are intrinsically worth more than
the cost of the dam and canal all told. The
convict labor alone is estimated at $85,000, and
very surely the water rights, lands, &c., besides
the rights generally secured with reference to the
development of 30,000 horse power all told, is
# worth not leas than $180,000 more. To leave
out all these valuable properties incidental to
this water power now under contemplation, and
which alone, with the 15,000 horse power dovel*
oped, will be worth five times r, bat it will cost
niong whii a ciot a null or ZU.OOO spindles and
go somewhere up the river to fix up a lillle trick
^ for $100,000, with not a right or a francbiso
P Attached, and which would have no possible
meaning for the great Industrial development
sought in ibis venture, as well for the advance
ps^t of fbfl Industrial eoonomles of the State at
largo m lb? bolld'ag up of * flue eit/ in the
heart of i^e Stof*, yogid he to our wind the
eeriest fqpl ? yo^k thtt wee yvpr pcrpptreled,
tlf poprsp If lit* 'fpfls/ fe oof reised the gar,
pint will hove to be egi apoordiqg I? ib? Pl?lbPut
if Cplmuhif, M ? poy poofldeptly hope
she qpj, foot! the h|H wUb f IJjQ.QQQ. *io jt
ptrely Ipuft that fbs Fe?t gf i))0 State yill puf
UP $i6Q,Q00, This fe yogld infinitely prstor
f ban to see the ?b?'fl S?QQ,Q0Q lah#o Ijttrp.*Aud
ybor t Bspoum v? lb? *'??lf 8me
interested ig the enterprise towards a grand fur
e itsa rlnwelanmael nnw ewellIwm iKe el ?wnl??wA
of $600,000 I nodlb?rp Is nothing *o poaitivaly
inslrneting to tbp posit ire fijctt of %bt)sli|aef
as actual ownorahip In it,
W bavo only to aoo how August* am! Qoiuu|>ua
art steadily building on their enterprises,
|9 apt what fwaitf thia the grandest one pf ?ll.
the] cottoh 019. 0(
Its History Narrated by Colonel W. ^
II. Sparks. jJ
Events transpiring in a country, which w
have operated a material change iu the in-*- in
dustrics and the prosperity of its people. c<
constitutes, in a great degree, its history. d<
These cvouts or discoveries usually transmit T
the names of those inventing or discovering b;
them to posterity as benefactors of thj hu- b
man family, and arc hold in just reverence. t|
Tho names of Watt, tho inventor of the T
steam engine, of Godfrey, tho inventor of ei
the quadrant, of Stevenson and Train, tho oi
discoverers of ?ho railroad and the locomo- p1
live, nnd Arkwright, tho inventor of tho e:
spinning jenny, and of Whitney, tho invon- di
tor of tho cotton gin, with )(orae, the dis- ^
human family. fc
All of these inventions are eras in the c<
progress of the world, from which will be si
dated the commencement of a new am', more a
rapid stride to civilization, health and now- fe
bet il be remembered that whilst It cost August*
not less than a million or dollars to get her 10,000
water power we will get 15,000 at the first
dash for some $200,000. Or whilst It cost Augusta
not less than $100 to horse power it will
cost the Columbia and Lexington Company some
$17 per horse power, besides tho east and valuab'e
rights and franchises incident thereto.?
The "but nt child" argument of tho Timet we
know is a eery effective one with most people
in anything savoring of a public undertaking.
To this argument in this case we would sny your
subscriptions are rsked not to a railroad or any
scheme the cost of which may not be brought
down to almost absolute figures, but to an enterprise
which is of a class that has been almost
universally successful at the South and upon a
scale so far as cost is concerned not only cheaper
than such works hitherto have been constructed,
but with a very moderate total expenditure
in eempatdson with many other enter-''
prises of tho kind.
As to the general point made of the "burnt
child:" What people on earth ever undertook
anything from tho time Noah's ark rested on
Ararat without encountering loss nt some period
or occasion T It is not the loss encountered in
effort which makes us poor indeed, but inaction,
suspended effort, rotting en tho ways, waiting
for something to turn up. This crying after
spilt milk nevrr gathered a drop that was lost
since the world begnu ; nor did it furnish more
milk that we wot of. Tho only way is to go
back to the teat and look for better luok next
time.? Col. Register.
A Roland ron an Oliver.?Senator Logan
has fallen into the habit of pushing himself
into the proceedings just before the adjourning
hour, and so at about tho usual time he came
forward this afternoon, making Mr. Hill's speech
the occasion of his doing so. He said he rose
merely to call attention to Sheridan's report in
which 2,000 names were given of persons murdered
in Louisiana after the war, but several
Democrats disputing the authority upon which
the report was based Logan launched into an
otfensivd tirade that soon led to a spiritod give
and tuko discussion.
Mr. Butler, of South Carolina, had moved to a
sent on tho main aisle during this coloquy, and
asked Logan if he had ever heard of such organization
as the Ku-Klux or Vigilance Committee
in Illinois.
"Why, no," exclaimed Logan, contemptuously.
"Tlion you are as ignorant of what is going
on in your own State as you charge Southern
Senators with being about tho South. In
Charlestown, III., the newspapers report the ex
istance of ft vigilance committee which have
taken men and women out at night and whipped
them and orderod them to leave the country.?
Does the Senator consider himself responsible
. far thai t - Ji?? ha h?-~1 ?? ?*-- ???i? ? 1
cently insulted two newspaper editors in an Ohio
town, for which he was led out of the town with
a rope around his neck ? Is the Scnater from
Ohio responsible for that T The newspapers
tell of recent murders in Maine?is the Senator
responsible for them? Is the Senator from Illinois
responsible for 121 men shot down in the
streets o! Chicago in 1877, or for the Pittsburg
riot and the sonsequences ? Vet he tries to hold
Southern Senators responsible for outrages committed
in tho South under carpet-bag government,
which he himself helped to fasten on tho
South."
Lognn, who had been writhing under this
fusilade, broke In with some mumbling extenuations.
Mr. Butler stilt kept his feet, not having
finished speaking. Presently Logan turned
sharply on him, and, claiming the floor, directed
him to sit down.
'I will take my seat," Mr. Butler replied,
"if the Chair directs me to do so, but not at the
dictation or request of the senator from flllnois
unless asked to do so in a proper manner."
"Well," Logan blurted out, thoroughly vexed,
"you niny stand up all night for all 1 care, but
you may as well understand that none of that
bravado will deter me.
"Will the senator permit me to reply t" Mr.
Butler interrupted, mildly, "that his bravado
has not the slightest influence on me." The
discussion then proceeded until Logan's extravagant
statement put the Senate in a laughing
humor, and he himself was almost ready to
agree with Mr. Butler that affidavits could be
collected in the South by the cartload at $1 GO
each to prove anything.?Senate Proeeedmgi,
OtA.
.?
Superintendentor Immigration.?Columbia,
April 0. ?The Board of Agriculture met last
night and again to-day. Col. Edward M. Boykin,
of Kershaw, was unanimously electad superintendent
of immigration, at a salary of $!.800
a year, and was instructed to submit to
the board, at a called meeting to be held soon,
a soheme in detail for the immediate inducement
of immigration into the State.
Mahone is not receiving his reward in offices,
but lie is in other respects. The other day
he was burned in effigy in Athens by the students
of the State University. It is also recorded
that the Koaljuster Club of Alexandria,
Va., "has adopted revolutions denouncing Oen.
Mahone as a traitor to the parly and declaring
-rr?" y" ? "VFrkhitenino
Cuir.dren.?A servantgirl
in this city uiaoaged to niako her employers
believe that her thefts were committed
by their daughter. The child was
frightened and confessed overy charge, nntil
the parents believed her a confirmed klep
toipaoiao, end kept her chained in confinement.
It WS>, doubtless, very stupid and
wrong on their part) but it calls attention
to ope of i |;o greatest difficulties in the education
of children. A parent often buspoet*
a child of up ojfeusp, apd believe*
rjiip guilty of fafsobood bocauso he denies
|t, vh?n he is ro?|ly inpooept. Nothing so
injures sod oven brutalizes s child ss to
hold hiu) guilty when he if pot Hero the
parent must use jqftoito tenderness sud
charily j sod aborp all tnust so cultivate
the oonftdenoe of the child that bo will not
be afraid to Gonfess apy offense, do tnust
not bo frightened by tho paront into a lie.
~rNeto Ttork Independent ^
w
er, and this advance will ever be credited to SI
tbo wonderful genius of these men.? m
Whence and wherefore the nppearanco and ca
the inventions of these wonderful minds ? tli
It has been aptly said the exigencies of h;
man arc cvjr answered by the inspiration m
of God, and that theso are specialties in the c;
progress of time, designed by supernatural 01
wisdom for that advancement in the knowl- m
edge of man, necessary to his comprehend in
sion of that perfection in nature which en- cc
ablcd him to comprehend tho wisdom, power II
and mercy of the great Creator, which in la
all things is but a part of this divine essence, tli
However, be this as it may, is 110 part of fu
my plan in writing theso crude sketches of tli
the early history of Georgia. pr
In 171)0 Robert Peel, of England, cam se
mcnced in a small way the manufacture of sp
cotton goods. The supply of cotton was 111
very limited, and chiefly from the Hritish b(
West Indies. The prico of cotton was then ri
so high that now it would be considered cx- of
orbitant. This arose from tho costliness of id
separating the lint from the seed. The in- a*
troduction of tho long staple cotton into tli
Georgia and South Carolina preceded some cr
years that of the green seed or short staple F
cotton, and a means had been invented for 111
ginning or taking out the seed of the long th
stapled cotton, known as tho roller gin.? gi
This was a slow process and ineffectual for le
the purposo of taking the lint from the seed |i?
of tho short stapled or upland cotton, ns it ar
was then termed. The consequence was th
there was very little cultivated for market. p<
Small patches were planted by thu farmers n<
?just enough for h>mc consumption.? tc
When this was to be used the seeds were >]
picked oCt with the fingers. There nre si
some old enough to remember how this was tc
effected in every family. I remember it ni
well. In the long winter evenings the p;
it_i ? i- 1?i? ? ?
umiuicu, wiiiii; nun uiuck, una wmgnca out c!
to them one ounce of seed cotton, from which M
the seeds were to be taken. These ounces bi
wcro spread out before tho fire in the room In
of tho house where were assembled the c(
family, and in a very large portion of the ej
community this was the only loom in the to
house. This was dono to heal the cotton ci
as the seeds, when tho cotton was warm, a
more roadily parted from the lint. As a ai
stimulant to active and quick work, a re? w
ward of a biscuit or n lump of sugar was a?
promised, and tho largest biscuit or lump of si
sugar wae for him or her who firs4, complc- ti
ted tho task, and tho cotton thus prepared S
with the fleece grown on the farm constitu- M
ted the fiber from which the entire raiment fi<
of the family was fabricated. w
Tho commencement of the manufacture I]
of cotton in England, and its very remunu- tl
rativc price stimulated its growth in the ci
South, and tho soparetiug or cleaning the tl
liut from the seed in n more rapid and cf- tl
fectual manner than by the hand became a y<
desiratum. w
In 1703 a young man from New England cc
came to Savannah to teach in a private futn- si
ily, but having been delayed in coming, be- fi(
yond the stipulated time for his arrival, his h:
place had been filled by another. At that th
time there was residing some twelve mile? w
above Savannah a gentleman by the name ot
of Miller. He was from New England, and tl
had married the widow of General Nathan- pi
iel Orccno, of revolutionary fumo, and was li<
in possession of the Mulberry Grove plan- re
tatiou, which had been donated by the State th
of Georgia to General Greene in reward for Si
his revolutionary servico. *
Mr. Miller chanced to moot this youth en
iu Savannah being a countryman and with- th
out employment, he invited him to tha hos- tli
pitalitieu of his homo. It was whilst horo, in
and nightly witnessing the picking of the ca
seeds from tho cotton by a numerous flock a
of juvenile darkies seated around the tire, hi
nod as they idled and nodded at thoir work gi
was evidence ot fatigue and want of sl??cp, ti
his sympathies were awakened for those ut
children, and expressed himself as anxious to
that 8ouio other means for this purpose could
be invented, that should secure them from cr
this untimely and fatiguing labor. In this u
wish he was joined by Mra. Miller, who was ir
at iho time preparing some small rods to be w
used iu holding the wieks of tuilow candles, or
better known as tallow dips, in the primitivo to
days of the State. With the end of onoof bi
these sho bent into a sort of hook tho point re
end acd taking up a handful of soed cotton fr
she pulled with it the lint from the seed.? gi
This action suggested to the mind of Whit- it.
noy, who was tho youth sojourning at the pr
house, the idea of tho cotton gin.
1 will tell tho story as Whitney himself in
told it to me and the lata Hopkins HeUey, gi
of this Stale, at his own house in Nsw Ha- co
veq, Connecticut, iu 1820. sii
He said t "I saw at ouco that a cylinder Bi
armed with teeth similar to those in ootton no
cards and made to re vol vo, would effectually su
do the work of separation between lint and pr
seed- I wont to bed and thought all night da
suoh a machine was a desideratum, and I ng
felt I cotdd W*k<> it, and felt, too, if I sue- Ft
uiy fortond was uiadc. Karly the
|?^fl|y L wcut to work, and for many days
VtpKl diligently. My patron was Mrs.
fiKr?ho with woman's hopefulness and
onttn's faith, visited oic daily, cncourag*nd
making suggestions. Finally I
>n?letcd a model machine with six cylmot*''?ll
nrmed with small wire hooks.?
hAe were placed upon n wooden shaft side
f pdo, and to ono was attached a crunk
anile, by which motion could be given j to
ley trtfo attached toothed circular blocks,
bit was put into a rough fraame, its wood*
fldroals resting in two half circular holes
r uftfthes in the Irani;. Just as [ had
"oabssed this fur Mrs. Miller oome in and
Eaflbcd.it. She turned it souio half a
esCbttuics; theu calling to her houso tnaid
jJ^bjicubDiiful of seed cotton, which
io llip taoth .
Trno, wvnisr l' turned tfielmmfV,' nnd in a
w revolutions <ho teeth were full of lint
>tton. She looked into uiy face, aud I
mil never forget that look. O"! she was
glorious woman. She exclaimed : 'Perct
this and nud your for'unc is made.'?
ho explained its defects, saying : 'You
ust devise some mcaus by which the lint
in be taken from the cards,' as she turned
10 cylinder holding the teeth. 'Now you
ive to take it off by hand, and something
ust bo arranged to hold tho cotton to the
irds. All the while Mr. Miller had laugh1
at the effort I was making, ard called the
nchinc mine and his wife's folly. lie was
i hit chamber when his wife ran and fetch1
hi in to sec the operation of the machine,
e looked on the motion of the cylinder,
ughing derisively at first, but as lie saw
io teeth G11i*iwith lint he became thoughtil,
nnd Gually said : 'I believe that somoling
can couic out of it to answer the pur)se.'
After > xamiuing it carefully, lie said
riously : 'Now vou nor Mrs. Miller must
,?_i, u..I ? ? ?i ?>
ru?iav iii vii in, uui i vy uii, 111111 U ) OU CIlIl
ake it a success it will not only make you
)th rich, but it will make the South the
chest country in the world. If you speak
it some ingenious mechanic will tnku the
lea, and very soon wi!l complete a machine
id will rob you of your invention.' From
lat time I proceeded cautiously and in sect
to complete a model to be patented.?
ro:n the working of the machine I had
ndc, J^saxv a difficulty to be remedied with
ic circular blocks holding the wires tojlher,
and I placed in the new model suialr
blocks. These served to separate the
rgcr and give room for the cotton to roll,
id I made the teeth-holding cards uiueh
linucr, giving them something of the npiaran.o
of a circular-saw. This completed,
;xt was the means of sweeping from the
cth the lint pulled by them from the seed.
Lr Miller was now docd'iv interested in my
icCCSs, as he fancied no saw great wealth
> follow this, and proposed a partnership,
id agreed to furnish the means to secure a
itent and introduce to the public the marine.
Whilstthisdiscussion was in progress
lr. Miller came in and suggested a rccdiug
rush, and exhibited a model in miniature
0 had made. At once I saw that this
)uld be worked by the same means that the
,Tinder carrying the teeth could, and went
> work to make this brush. Finally the
itirc machine was completed and patented,
copartnership agreed upon between Miller
id myself, and Miller went actively to
ork to put it into operation. We disagreed
1 to what should be the course to be purtod
for this purpose. It was my proposion
to sell the paten for 8100,000 to the
tales of Suuth Carolina and Georgia, but
lillur'insistcd that this would be to sacri30
a prince'y fortune, nnd proposed that
c should erect in each County at the Court
[ouso n gin, and cither buy the cotton in
ic seed, or gin it upon shares for tho plant's.
So sanguine was ho of a fortune from
io inveutiou that he was willing to furnish
io means to carry out his plans. I was
Jung and poor, and fifty thousand dollars
u9 such a fortune to me as I had never
>ntomplnted owning. It was the full mcairc
ot my ambition?with it I was satisid,
bui I was without any means. Miller
ad incurred and paid all expenses up to
int time, nnd I yielded my opinion nnd
ishes to him. nnd he went to work to carry
it his schemes. Tho practical efficacy of
le mochino had boon tested in several
aces, to tho entire satisfaction of the pubis,
and we were progressing rapidly to tho
alization of Miller's idea of ginning all
ic cotton grown or to be grown in tho
mth. At that time it amounted to only
fow thousand bales. In the progress of
ir work every ouo was freely admitted, and
>e machine as freely examined. Among
iose who caino for this purposj was a oabct
workman named Ball. Ho was critid
in his examination. lie had in his shop
turning lathe, worked by driving nnd a
and wheel quite like that with which our
in was oporated. Ho camo two or threo
uios to ascertain the working of this gin,
id wis particular as to the amount of cot*
chaned or ginned iu n day.
' It was not long before we learned he had
instructed n gin, retaining the model of
irs, bat substituting snws out from ehcot
on in the place of our wooden blocks and
ire teeth. Wo deemed this an Invasion of
ir patent, and wurood him if lie attempted
nut Ilia fin in! > nnnrslinn an>
i n? ? ' "I? ~" "v
ing suit fur damages. This threat dctcrd
him, for he decuied his machine an inaction
of our patent, and forbore for n
eat while to duplicate it, to work or to sell
Many who had examined his machine
onounced it superior to ours.
"There was a farmer of means and great (
floenoo residing in Warren County, Geor* i
a, named Arthur Fort, lie saw the gin
nstruefcad by Mr. Hall and ordered one of
nilar construction to be made for him.? i
ill deelioed the job, informing him of the
itice he had received and he feared a law- i
it for infraction of patent. Fort insisted,
omising to incur the risk and pay all
mages. Upon these conditions Bull
;roed to make tho gir, and did so.?
jrt immoiintely put the gin in opera* <
lion. As soon ns wo were informed of,
this. Miller employed David Bradic Mitchell,
of Savannah, to bring suit ngaiust Dull
and Fort. The suit was brought in the
District Court of the United Stales, and after
considerable delay it was tried in Savnn- '
nnh before Judge William Johnson, one of
the Judges of the Supreme Court of the 1
United States. Ball employed Peter Kirly, <
of Wilkes County, to defend the case. It <
was nbly argued on both sides, for these two
men were men of great abilities, and deof- 1
ly read in tho law. The decision was against <
us and wc lost our patent. {
"It was a terrible blow upon me, but Mil- 1
Icr, I think, was moro affected by it than I ]
was. In a short time thereafter Ball abandoned
the cabinet business and commenced 1
tho making of gins. Cotton planting now 1
tofeac^o"nn d**]n c/igo'd^lined quite ns fast.
"These two industries wcro materially
affected by tho cultivation of indigo in 1
Guatemala and tobacco in Virginia and \
Maryland, and were ceesing to be proGtablo
when the gin was invented. I uict with 1
much sympathy from tho people, who felt
I was entitled to tho invention, and should 1
reap the reward of the originator of a great- 1
ly useful machine. Sympathy was my only
reward from Georgia, but South Carolina 1
generously donated me 850,000, and th'.s is !
really ihc only benefit I ever derived from
the invention." 1
At the time I received this nnrrativo \
from Mr. Whitney he had in New Ilavcn 1
a gun shop, and he was experimenting upon 1
improvements he had made in fire-arms.? '
This never came to anything. This was iu '
1820, but bo realized considerable money '
from a contract for furnishing a*-u?s to the
United States.
Eli Whitney was born in Massachusetts
on the 8th of December, 1764, and died in !
New Haven, Connecticut, on the 8th of
January, 1825. He wns liberally educated,
which was due alone to hiui9clf, for he
taught school to obtain the means to carry
him through college, and he did not graduate
until he was considerably advanced in
life. Immediately alter graduating he came
to Georgia. lie was then in the twentyninth
year of his age, having arrived in
Savannah in 1773. This was very soon
after the introduction of the green seeder
short stapled cotton iuto the United States.
Previous to that time that cultivated for
market was the sea island or long stapled,
black seed cotton. This latter had been. ;
as it is now, ginned by the roller gin, which
would not gin the green seod. This variety 1
grew luxuriantly away from the influence
of the set breeze, which was essential to the 1
production of the long stapled. It was, too,
batter adiplod to dumuitlia purposes, because
it was spun with more facility, and made a
coarser web, and a more enduring one, and
was suited for clothing, to the wants of the
laboring classes, and the common uses of
the people generally.
The first mention of cotton to be found
is in the writings of Herodotus, about 450
years before the birth of Christ. Cotton
cloth was introduced from India into Rome
and Greece before the Christian era. It
was applied by Veres, in Sicily, for the
c-vcring of boats, and as tents, and for the '
latter purpose was used by Julius Caesar.? 1
It is supposed to have originated iu Arabia, |
and thence found its way to India and
China This is supposition. It sceuis in '
Some variety or other to have bcou indigc- J
nous to all tropical countries. It is certain '
it was found in the West India Islands,
and, in some varieties, in South America.
It is a common error to suppose all created
things to have had their commencement in
a pair or a single creation, and when we
have any o ic thing in the animal or vegetable
kingdom to a point where it is not first
seen or known, we at once ascribe its or
their origin to that point or country, forgeting
that the power to create could produce
many as well as one and locate these at
pleasure over the globe.
The green seed cotton was found crowing
in tho islands surrounding the Caribbean
sea and on the Bahamas. From these
islands it wa9 introduced into the United
States, and in the progress of its cultivation
many varieties have been introduced from
different parts of the world. The long staple
came from the neighborhood of Dacus; \
whence Grst cauie to this country the famous
India muslins, and it was first cultivated
hero with the view of imitating these !
delicate fabrics in tho production of our
own manufactories. This, however, has
never bocu accomplished or in any European
country,
In this progress of the human family,
aud esjvwt'illy iu America, the necessity of
n fnvtiln omUo*!* m*a A - ? ~
< vv AHIVJ DuUOlllUlU KM II a A. 1IIIU WUOI I rum
which cloth for all its purposes could be
made and which cheaper and as enduring
bccouio a desideratum. Tho crecn seed
cotton promised this, the only difficulty was
the separating tho lint from the seed rapidly
and without injury to the fiber. This necessity
stimulated tho genius of Whitney,
which shaped in his mind tho cotton gin,
which grew into practical form under the
manipulation of his cunning hands. At
or about tho samo time the inspiration of
the genius of an hmnblo barber was fashioning
another machine for tho rapid spinning
of cotton.
Robert Peel, the grandfather of tho present
Sir Robert Peel, was one of tho first to (
commence the spinning of cotton in Eng> '
land. The process then in use was simple,
orudo and insufficient. Thero was wanting
great improvements in the iraohinery, and ,
many wero striving to effect these. Ark- ,
might, a Bristol barber, wko was very ,
illiterate, supposed ho oould invent and
make a machine which would romody the ]
principal difficulty, thought much and work*
el diligently. So absorbed was he tjtat he ,
neglected his vocation, and incurred tho reproof
of his wife as well as that of his
patrons. Still ho worked in secret in the ,
littlo back room of his shop. His wife
complained that there was no food for the
family in the home aod no money to purchnsc
any, aod unl.-ia ho gavo uiorc attention
to his business (be family wonld starve,
lie hooded not bcr snger or rcioonstmncv,
but, keeping his own secret and most confident
of ultimate success, continued to
work on. When the machine was well nigh
completed, requiring some trifling essential
to its final finish which he had uot, ho went
[>ut to procure it.
This was the angry wife's opportunity,
she went into Irs room and finding thcro
the machine, in wrath she seised it and
crushing it to atoms sho threw the frog?
tncnia into the street. Heturning he espied
the ruins, and gathering them up, he accused
his wiTe of the net and upbraided licr for
it. Id very spite she admitted the truth of
tho charge aud justified the act. This was
l.; ?'^-77 7 : '
He inultipuca no words with her, but took
her by tho arm and leading her to the door
threw her into the street, forbidding her
ever again entering the house. This done,
he closed tho door upon her; nor did she
ever again return to the house or him.
Straightway he went again to work, and in
1 short time had completed the model of
the spinning jonncy. This be carried to
Peel, who examined it minutely, and saw
ind acknowledged its utility, and that it
supplied the great want.
Peel was a wise and prudent man. lie
proposed to Arkmight that he should patint
the invention. This was agreed to, and
it was by Peel patented in his and Arkaiight's
name. This done, he proposed a
^partnership 11 Arkuiight in the business
if cotton spinning, aud that this jenney
ihould bo the capital ot Arkinight. This
was accepted, and the uinchino put at oneo
into practical use.
About this time there was a shipment of
short stapled cotton to England from tho
United States of twenty-five bales.
The cotton gin had proved a great success
in America, and the spinning jenny in
Knglaud. Then couitrcnccd the cultivation
of the staple as a marketable crop, nod very
soon its growth exceeded the demand, and
the price went down, and the cloth from ita
fabrication cheapened, and the imports of
the costly cotton goods of China began to
dctdino, and not many years after ceased
entirely, and now only the old folks of the
country know anything of the Nankin cottous?and
many others of the cotton cloth?
once in universal use in America and especially
in the South of the United States.
In 1815 the cotton raised in the South.
crn Stated was 77,000 bales; in 1828,400,000
; in 1830, 470,000; in 1879, over
5,000,000. The wealth accruing to England
from cotton manufacturing is incalculable.
The wealth from its production in
the South has gone into the hands of the
ynnkecs, and now the nabob planters are
the poorest portion of tbo American people.
The yankee indented the machine tor preparing
it for use ; ho imported the negro
for its cultivation, and he is to day the only
recipientof the profit arising from its growth,
and the values of the negro, who has produced
it. He has emancipated tho negrrr,
and holds the bouds of the government for
hundreds of millions for the money expended
in this most philanthropic act, and tho
cotton produced by the emancipated slaves
is taxed to pay these bonds and their accruing
interest. When will they relax their
hold upon tho negro? Kxpcrienc3 would
justify the assertion never, so long as he can
be made profitable, either with his votes or
his labora.--W. II* Sparks, in Atlanta
Constitutionalist.
???
'Brethren, I am Dyino."?Bet'. A.
McQueen, who was stricken with disease
while preaching at Bethel Church in the
upper end of this county, is still unable to
fill his appointments. The attack which
was similar to a mild form of apoplexy,
came upon him very suddenly. He had
gone through tho opening sxerciscs, read a
vuupier, iwo uyuins nau Docn sung, tiro
prayers offbrod, his test announced and ho
had been preaching a link while whon ho
suddenly stopped, and exclaiming, ''Brethren,
I am dying !" fell to the floor. The
scene in the church can ba better imagined
than described With perhafts a tingle
exception, his whole family were prevent,
and these with his ninny warm friends, pressed
wildy forward. One or tiTo physicians
were present, and they restored order trs
soon as possible, and as early as expedient
removed him to his house, a short distance
from tho church. Just two woeks front
that day he suffered a IcsS Violent attftck,
since which time there has been no return
of it.? Lumberton RobetoniaW.
Poisoned dy a Pencil ? tft. Samuel
Clarke, of Vasselboro,' has beert in the habit
of carrying a copying pencil in his coat
pocket. One day last week Mr. Clarke
camo to Augusta, and while in tho city ho
purchased some troches for tt Cold, which
ho put loose in tho pocket, itbtfro thoy were
constantly coming in contact #ilh the lead.
While roturning to Vasselboro' on the car*
lie felt n tickling in bis throat, and to allay
the irritation partook of several trotches.?
Ilia tongue at once began to swell and tarn
black, and by the time he roaolied home ho
was deathly sink. A physician was summoned,
whopromptly administered antidotes
for tho poison. It is said that a piceo of
tho load of oo? of those pencils, half tb;
sixc of a pco, will cause the death of a robust
man.?Kenebec (Afe.) Journal.
A Good Plain Cake.?Take six ouncos
if ground rice, tho same of flour, the voile*
ind whites of nioe eggs boat separately,
rmc pound of loaf sugar woll pounded.?
Whisk the sugar and eggs for nearly an
hour, then add tbe rice sod flour. Butter
well iodic whito paper and put round it and
over the bottom of tho tin it is to fco baked
in, and bake in a slow oven. Run a knife
into it; if it comes out eleau it is baked
enough.
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