University of South Carolina Libraries
VOL. X.?New Series, UNION C. H., SOUTH CAROLINA, SEPTEMBER 12, 1579. NUMBER 37. GEN. JOHN B. HOOD. The gnllaut Hood is uo uiorc. He died of yellow fever in New Orleans?his wife having died of the same fatal diseaso a few days before hiut. Ilow mysterious uro the providences of God. The bravo soldier passes through the carnage of battle unhurt, where thousands fall around him, and is struck down iti the time of peace, in a great city?one, of n Very few, who fall before the ravages of disease ! Geo. Hood was a gallant Captain in the late war. always couspicuous at tho post of duty and dauger. lie was ICentuckiao he was on adtf on the Texap frpntier until 1859. In a sevore engagement with, the Coniancho Indians, in which his dashing Courage Was conspicuously illustrated, he received his first wound. His resignation from tho old army was sent forward in April 18Gl,nud afterwards, to the oloso of the great coutest between tho Stales, Hood was over the embodiment of the soldier and the patriot. Ho was one of Leo's most activo and able lirigadicr.'1, and-rising to tho command of a Division in Lougstreet's corps, proved himself to be tho gijuhI of the best Major Generals in tho great Army of Northern Virginia. At Gkiekautanga, Hood was an oriflamuio in tho fight, and his gallant Division, in / which our own Jenkins and Law were Jlrigfldiersu followed his bold commands with a eplondid charge, worthy of his leadership, lie lost a leg in this battle, uud for his past services and gallantry, was promoted Lieutenant General, and assigned to the cominaud of a corps in tho Army of Teuuessce, then about to broak up its wiuter quarters art Dalton in the spring of 1864. Whether from the loss of his leg, or from either P.llOlU frrtll IFiinil's hriof narnnr na a corps commander was without distinction. When, unhappily, Gen. Johnstone was icmoved from the chief command of >lhe Aruiy of Tennessee, on the 17th of July, 1801, Mr. Davis selected Hood to bo his successor.. Illfhloe, the corps commander, declined to assume the responsibility'of so great a . .command, tmiearnestly remonstrated with, ^1 tit battle, and he insisted upon Hood's leading the army to tho field. Johustone had "fuilod to arrest tho advance of tho enemy to tho vicinity of Atlanta," to use the language of the Confederate Government, and as ho "expressed no confidence that ke eould defeat or repel him," bis junior corps commadcr was induced to uudertnke the task. Johnstone had telegraphed to the Government, in &oply to the charge, that he -expressed no confidence in his ability to defeat Sherjnau?that "confident language hj a military commander toas not evidence of competence." In assuming the command of the aruiy, liood, who spent the first day of his great command at the headquarters of the retiring General, fully illustrated the spirit of this reply, and published uu order to the troops as modest in ifcjr** is at tne%iflnny MtroS oF the 20th 22J and 23th of J uly, demonstrated the strength of Sherman's position, and Hood's inability to "defeat or repel liiui." Ho held Atlanta, howevor, until tho 25th of August, when Sherman begau to move his army to Joucsbaro, 30 miles ou Hood's left flank and rear. The battles of Jonesboro were fought on the 30th of August and the 1st of September, by Hardee, and Atlauta -was lost aud won ! The subsequent career of Hood is familiar to the country. His advance into Teuncsseo was well planned, and came ucar bciug a success; the failure at Spriug Hill of two corps of his army, which ho had thrown ou the tlauk und roar of Schofield's retreating aruiy, to (Uttack aud rout it, is yet unexplained. Hood was not with them. Why we do jiot know. Ho reuiaiocd with S. D. Lee, .at Columbia, aud came forward tho next Jay and led the troops iu person on the bloody field of Franklin. Pushing boldly on to Nashville, ho suffered a crushing de feat in front of that city in December, and thus closed his career as a soldier ! lie would rather have died us Cleburu died, iu fbo enemies lust ditch at Franklin, than to havo lived to sou his gallant army, in tho bitter cold of D-rcembcr, driven out of Tennessee ! JJut he bore his defeat with pationt resignation, and lived to soo every artny and uvory soldier of tho Confederacy, surrendered to tho government of tho United Stutos. And now, after fourtoun years of pence, in tho quiet pursuits of domestic life,.tho worthy and respected citizen of New^ff^ft$,Tfn> honored and beloved survivor of the Lost Cause, the il#un?^l Km. baud and lather, I'ulU asleep in death, and is buried in tho quiet hush of a great city's grief, amid tho toara of frieuds and tho regrots of millions of his fellow oitigcns. liis wife had diod bofore him, only a low days, and ItU ten littlo children aro left to the cure of every manly, southorn heart. May tied bleu thorn with friends and m iko them worthy of <hc gallant, spotless 3-'* name they bear, the ouly inheritance tiieir fat hot had to leave them. When Stonewall Jackson was dying, lie said in his delirium, "lot us cross over the river and rest in the shade of the trees." As the years pass by the Confederate soldier fu'tills t hese dying words of the great Jackson. The ranks are slowly forming over the river. Tho great Captain is already there, and one by one his generals arc taking their places by his side, and the brave men who followed theui aro slowly crossing to their rest uuder the shade of the trees of ibi Paradise of Cod. afflict that loveiy Isle. The riot at Lurgan on last "Lady Day" took tho conventional form of a conflict between the police aud the Home Rule mob, the Oranguicn acting in this instance ouly as a sort of proximate causes of the row. The efforts of a Home Ruler to "get at" an antagonistic Ornnwe. W . Q - " O" man leu to the arrest of the former, and of course, as a natural consequence, to an attempt at a rescue. Tlicu the police fired on the uiob, several persons were killed or wounded, and a coroner's inquest was held in which the Orangemen had a majority of tho jury, and brought in a verdict justifying the police. A minority verdict signed by eleven Homo llulers found the facts exactly the }ther way, and so Irish opinion is, as usual, divided, and when Parliament meets again u now cause for agitation will bo roady for the honorable members. Rut at the bottom of the present disturbance is a more important nud ominous question than the difiercucc between Orange and Green. A movement has been recently started looking to tlie abolition of the present Land laws of Ireland which promises to cause most serious trouble in the immediate future. Parliament at its last session repealed the act making it illegal for any number of persons to meet in Irelaud as a "couvcntioo" cltictcd to represent special classes or interests in the country, and the result has been that already a convent ion has met at Castlcbar and has established 'The "Nationnl Laud League- of M'ayo,"^ with a most elaborate.and. enmnr?htoi?iv/i :is far as may bo, of the tillers of the soil from rack renting land owners, and the ultimate abolition of the present Lund laws of Ireland, and the substitution in ;n their place of such a system as shall be in accord with the social rights, the traditions, and the moral sentiriicots of the Irish race." The Irish landlords road this as the starting of an agitation to abolish them. The Irish Land laws ato admittedly, even now, largoly in the interest of the landlords, and if those laws arc abolished, with such substitution as that indicated, the landlords, as an inevitable consequeucc, would go overboard with them. A movement liko this presents a platform upon which almost all tho disaffected classes iu Ireland cau stand together. As waiter of Fenians aud Orange4*ia-v m'?J?rrr<y rjTTirT* mittcd to its support. The breaking up of the great lauded ostates and the establishment af a pc isaut proprietary arc advocated by journals represcutiug all shades of political opiuiou. As tho case now stands, three hundred persons own over 6,000.000 acres of Irish land, twelve of the three hundred owning 1,297,888 acres between them.? The agricultural population have no interest in tho soil, and their condition nv?n in times of comparative prosperity, is most degrading and deplorable. But tho present time is one of unusual depression. The annual return of the liogistrar-Gooeral for Ireland shows a decrease within the year of 20,000 milch cows, over 77,000 sheep and 197,409 pigs. The potato crop shows signs of rot, and is said indeed to he in a condition closely rcsouibliag that of tha ever memorable year 184S. And, to crown all, the effect of American competition upon the eattlo market has been uiost disastrous. American livo stock and American meat can be carried from America to England as cheaply as from Iroland to England, and of course this means ruiu to tho Irish grazieifl. It is probable, therefore, that this agitation over the Land laws will have very important conscqucuccs. From every point of view the question is beset with difficulty, and, with a turbulent and discontented population at their back, the Irish ngitators will bo cortain to give serious trouble. England has her hands full alrcadv without this additional problem. It remains to be seen how Parliament will deal with it.? Newt and Courier. ITon't livo in hopo with your arnn folded. Fortune smiles on those who roll up thoir sleeves and put their shoulder to the whoel that propels thuui on to wealth nnd happiness. Out this out and carry it about with Jou in your vtst pockot, ye who idle in ar-rooms or at the corners of the streets Clear boiling wator will remove tea stains, and many fruit stains. Pour the wa'er through tho stain, nnd thus prevent it spreading over the fabric. THE VALUE OF THE OAT CROP. farmers siioui.d^'read, mark, lear! and inwardly digest the following University of Georgia, Department of Agriculture, [ Athens, Ga., August 30. j Editors Chronicle and Constitutionalist : The injury done to the corn crop through out the greater part of* Georgia, by the pro tractcd drought in Juno and July, render it necessary that our fanners should endea vor lo supply the deficiency by raising i greater amount - of small grain than thp; havo bficu iu the habit of raising, if the iiiMinni"ihihill1 Ti ' i 'A * I w >uld specially - recommend them t prepare for a large oat crop. This, by providing a sufficient amount o food for thu work animals in tho spring will Icavo the bulk of whatever corn is let of the prcscut crop for bread, and will, hope, teach our farmers what I believe i true, namely : First. That oats arc the cheapest foragi crop they can raise. Second. That they are the most nutritive as they contain more of the flesh aud mus ! cie-lorunug. heat-producing and fatten in; elements than arc contained in the corn am fodder, which arc the general feed given it horses and mules. Third. That they yield a higher percent age of profit ou the use of fertilizers thai corn; and fourth, that oats, instead of beiug as many erroneously believe, an exhaustive crop, when properly cultivated, improve thi soil. It is the cheapest forage crop. Out should be sown in September?the tfuit when the laboring forco on plantations\ it least occupied, and, therefore, arc sown a nominal cost, especially where a part of tha force works for stated yearly wages. Th< sowing the crop in the spring is also inex pensive, as two hands iu three days can sav< nnd put away four acres of oats. If this cost is compared with that of making cori and fodder, it is obvious that for the sauii expenditure fully double the quanity o forage can be made in oats that can be inadi in coru and fodder. They arc the most uu tritivo horse feed. C.bcuiigal analysis ha: .demonstrated that in.thtt^Jirou* classes oj ? y? -jy. i and the carbohydrates and oils or neat an.( fat-producing,' oats (the grain, straw anc chaff) are richer than corn. In Kuglarn oats are the only grain on which the raci horses and those used in fox hunting?tin highest types of muscular strength am condition?aro fed. They yield a higher percentage of profi on the use of commercial fertilizers, have fouud by actual experiment that th application of ?7.50 worth of a good am moniated super-phosphate per acre to oat /ill more than double the production c the natural soil, while the same amount up plied to corn, except in uuusually favorubl seasons, docs not yield anything like tha per ceutagc of iucreusc. That they iui prove, not exhaust the soil. Oats furnisl large quantities of nitrogen in their root nilfj BllHtH- "*"1 a don?tdvruble amount i; also taken up by the growth of weeds aui grass after the crop is cut, while corn is uu deniably a nitrogen exhausting crop, be cause during its entire growth and cultiva tion in tho hot summer months, every blad< of grass and everything that produces nitro gen is speedily destroyed, whereas the oa( plant appropriates during the period of its growth the soluble nitrogen contained in whateror fertilizer is applied to it, and tlu subsequent growth of grass and weeds in the summer holds th? rest, which cau nci tlicr be evaporated nor washed away. From three to three and a half acres ol land well broken, curichc 1 by the applica tion of from 150 to 200 pounds of a good nmmoniatcd super-phosphate, sown in Sop tember, with two to two and a half bushels of gcnuiuc rust proof oats, will yield a sufficient quantity of food for one horso o! mule. It takes .about the same area ol lan.l to produce a sufheient quantity of corn aud fodder, with favorable seasons, to sun port one work animal. If '.he relative cost of labor in producing the oats and corn and fodder be taken into account, it will be found that the cost of tho latter is full) double that of the former. Hut to raise oats to meet the end to which I have indicated, we must not, as is too of ten tho practice, scratch in without manure at any time between November and March a bushel or n bushel and a half of any seed we can hud, on tho poorest piece of land or. our farm. Wo must concedo to oats the rank to which their importance and valut entitle thcui, and employ the same can which we givo to cotton and corn, if wt would dorivc tho bcuefits which thoy art capable of offering. Wm. M. Krownb, Professor of Agriculture, Ac. ? "Invcstiirntor" wants in know >< > : good for cabbage worms. Bless **onr soul man. cabbage, of course. A good, ? plumj cabbage will last several worms a week. II you want your worms to be real nice rut] lat for fall cooking you must take care U keep tlieni nway from caycnno pepper 01 woak solutions of salt.?Marathon Imir pefrtten^. H0B8E EDUCATION. * Never lose your temper, for the uiouieut t : you do so, you at the same tiuie lose the J advantage whieh you should always have t over hiui In handling a colt remember s that you are forming the future horse, and s carc, now taken either in his appearance or o character, is by no means lost, lly the time s h lie is a year old, he should allow you to to place light articles on his back without g s any resistance, and should be taught not to 'J bo afraid of straps hanging loose cither 1_ a about the body or heels. This education is li y best done, in the winter, and should be re- v y pealed until perfectly brokeg, nndWheti 1 a " horse. -4)uring the operation (TP" hutfcr- a 0 breaking, great care should be.taken,to al- fi ways make him walk fast. Vast walking v f (the best gait, of a h'orse) should be part of s his education and he will never forget it in o t 'his after life. We hate had a wide expert- d 1 ence with colts, and have yet to find one b a whieh could not be made a good walker if o properly trained when young ; but this is a a Q fast age, and walking is too slow to keep up tl with. With reference to balky horse*, h there are more balky drivers; hence the u . driver shall bo addressed rather than the o T horse, which can be well done by the fob j lowing from the Farm Journal: ' t [j "If you hav". balky horses, it is your own w i ?? .1-- t - limit nun uut uie nurses, ioril they do hot I tl . pull true there is some cause l'ur it, nuil if you I tl \v? L j f i 2 excited, stop him fur five or ten minutes; ti s let him become calm, and as soon as he is ci 9 .over his excitement he will, in nine eases si i out of ten, pull at the worH. Whipping tl t and slushing and swearing only make the o t matter worse. After you have handled him a 3 a while, and his excitement has CooTcdj take' b . him by the bits, turu each Way a few uiiu- ri 3 utes as far as you can, pull out the tongue, n 9 gentle hiui a little, uurein him, then step a| 1 before the balky horse and let the other w } start first; then you can take them anywhere in f you wish A balky horse is always high oi 3 spirited and starts quick ; half the pull is a< . out before the other starts; by standing be- u< 3 tforo hiui tho other starts first, liy close si \ .application to this ru)c you can make any g horse pull'. If & horse--*4ias been badly" d ^ yfra miyow'- w '^t&R tinn.'rrgy *3 J empty wagon, and let ?him draw it around n | for a while on level ground; then put on a o j little load and incrcuso it gradually, caress- t! 2 ing as before, and in a short time you can a B have a good work horse."?Turf, Field and ci I Farm. n si r ThkDeAVPANIIRAB BV Mliivn ftutiimii !i i teeth!?The nudiphonc, an instrument in- p e vented by a Western Yankee for alleviat- w i. iu<; the misery of deafness, is simply a n s sl??et of vulcanized rubber, about 1-22 of f< if an inch in thickness, set firmly in a handle n of the same material. In the upper rim 1 c of this sheet arc pierced some holes through t which passes a silken cord. This goes down on the inner side of the sheet, to the ban- f i die, through a slot in which it passes. My C g {lulling this cord the sheet is bent over at n ? mny angle which the user may desire.? 1 1 lOach person has to ascertain for himsulr w . what kind of a curve of the rubber sheet o . will enable him to hear best. Generally it u: . is very slight?only about ten or twelve ? degrjes?though apparently tho deafer the ui . person the greater the curvo must bc.-; When used, the person holding it simply di t touches the upper edge of the fan, or audi- F i phone, against the teeth of the upper jaw. li< . The voico of the speaker strikes upon this fo i tense sheet of rubber and communicates to I* it vibrations which are in turn imparted to s{ the teeth, aud then pass to the auditory in f nerve. With this operation the outer ear ai has nothing whatever to do, the delicate tl | machinery through which sound passing w from without makes an impression upon the si .......... j uvuv >a llllt U3UU ill ail. A 110 l( outer ear may be stoppod up entirely, so p far as it is possible to do it, and yet one tr hears distinctly the moment the audiphouc st is applied to the teeth. It is neoossary to c; use the teeth of tho upper jaw lor the rea- ui son that they are more nearly in contact b< with tho auditory nervo; nor does it make c< much difference whether the teeth bo one's mi own or artificial, so long as those artificial ri teeth nrc lightly fitted ; for when that is In the case tho vibration is imparted about as 01 well as when they are natural teeth. The y< inventor is deaf himself. He happened cl one day to hold a watch between his teeth, T and noticed that ho could distinctly hear b its ticking, though wheu ho held it to his ti car no sound was audible. This Set him w to thinking that possibly ho might be nblo tl to invent some device by which the souuds h of the human voice could be transmitted to g tho auditory nerve through tho medium of w tho teeth, just as the ticking of tho watch U had beeu. g - ? d A countryman who bad novor paid more r< ' than 25 cents to see an exhibition, wont to w i see tho "Forty Thieves." The ticket-seller I ? eharged him 75 cents. Passing the paste- at I board back ho quietly romarked : ft . ~ ??r I it, Mister, "I don't want to soo the other ?i > 39," and out he marched. V r ? it "I'll take the starch out of you." 08 the 0 feMpiratido Mid td th6 shirt dollar. 8< Girlhood's Perils.?Wc copied yeserduy a brief article trout the New York lerald warning girls to beware of favoring he attentions of men who cannot, with reaon, bo expected to marry thcui. "Meu," ays the Herald, "whose intentions are hourablc, woo girls at their homes aud not by tcalth and in out-of-the-way places." It is difficult to persuade au American ;irl that she cannot take care of hersc)f< 'lie customs of our society throw h.r cary on her own resources. While still in icr teens she enters society aud associates nth persons of opposite sex on walks, drives nd^excursious. Her mother seldom thinks fetnalo companion for tho t % ?. r ? "-"V *" "1U j'urnjr P nd uiodesty of the latter to protect her rom advances in flic company of men which rill compromise her good name. Aud it hould be remembered that the girls of 110 ther country arc so worthy of this conGonce. Thrown upou their own responsibility the vast majority of them pass the rdeal unscathed, and wlicu they marry are s chaste in thought and life as though hoy had uevor passed the precincts of their ionics without the couipaniouship of their lothcrs, true as steel to their persoual honr and to that of their husbands. But among the millions who stand unfinished, there are scores and hundreds rho fall into tho uiirc. Delighted with heir freedom, flattered and fascinated by ho attentions of well-dressed and agreeablcna msldiousproumcs usually, but somemes through the Are aud recklessness 1 used by wine and drugs, take the fatal '.ep which forever separates them from .... V.iiav.uwaun vi jjui ivy auu rous lUCtll f their rijrht to rank among the chaste nd honorable womcu of society. There is ut one safe rule for girls to adopt in their Nations with men, and that is to encourage o advances which cannot be witucsscd aud pproved at home. This rule, if observed, ill save infinite sorrow and trouble to inny who even now arc treading dangerusly near the precipice. Those chaucc ijuaintances which American girls are so ^customed to make on the cars, at cxcurons, in stores and elsewhcne, without any uyrautcc of the standing or respectability f 0)0 men introduced, sj^jd bo jLvajdad. , ,, md lu all cases tlie j uugment of a discreet lothor or some woman of discernment and bscrvation should be sought respecting ie propriety of encouraging such acquniutnccs; but above all, under no circumstancs should a promise, however solemnly lade or likely of fulfillment, suffice to peruade a maiden to surrcuder herself, with 11 such surrender implies, uutil the law has ronounced her a wife. No circumstances rhatcvcr can justify su?h action, and in incty-niuc cases out of every hundred it is jllowod by a life-time of bitter remorse, if ot by immediate suffering aud disgrace.? ioclic.ilcr IJeruhl. Tub Speed of a Locomotive.?"IIow list do you lliiuk wo arc traveling Jharley Fraser, one ol the oldest engineers f the New York, Lake Kric ami Western lailwav, asked a Sun reporter as they 'ere standing together on tlio foot board f locomotive No. 809, rushing over the icadows toward Rutherford l'ark. ui should think we were going nearly a lile a minute." "A mile a minute!" said Fraser. "I Dubt if you ever rode a mile a minute, ew locomotives have driving wheels over re feet, and I have my doubts if a fivciot wheeler can be pushed u mile a minute eoplo have a very erroneous idea of tho jeed of railroad trains. We are not goig now more than thirty five miles an hour, ad this is very fast. Few trains make liis speed. Tho passengers in the ears ould think we were going a mile a minuto ire if I was to pull out the throttle so as > send her forty miles an hour. The exross trains make no such time a? tho local ains. Whore we lose is with so ? 1 ops. No inm could stand on a platform ir and faco the wind going a milo a mintc and live. The breath would actually e blown out of his body. You couldn't >uut the telegraph poles going a mile a dnuto. Talk to an old engineer of that itc being made by a passenger train, autl c would laugh. I made a mile a minuto ace, however. It was when I was but 18 ?arsofage. I was an engineer then, in iiarge of a tine six-foot wheel locouiotivo. here wero a lot of railroad moguls on oard, and the objeet was to make the best nie we could. They were to ring the gong hrtn thn ??? - ?'1' ..... .... u|.wu ????? ? in no a minute. 1 bought wo were making it ior Home time efore the bell rang. At length, on a down rade, with a full head of Btouu), when wo 'ere spinning along as if wc wero nil goiug > destruction, and tho motion of the piston uing over the centre could no longer bo istinguished, tho hell rang. Wc had inched the rate of a mile n minute. Ik as the fastest 1 cv< r rode, before or sinco. tried hard to uiuko a mile a minute on lbsequcnt miles, hut lacked it three or tur seconds every time. I couldn't squeeze aothcr niilo inside of the sixty seconds.? /hen you hear a man telling about riding i ft passenger train thnt rau a mile ft tnirvto, don't say anything, but uictiUUy 'tfttch off \ COCd AllOttaha*?V CO ? * MUi|?