University of South Carolina Libraries
VOL. X.?Nett Series. UNION C. H., SOUTH CAROLINA, MARCH 14, 1879. NUMBER 11. THE POLITICAL OUTLOOK. | thcj diffor only as to candidates kih1 not ? I ??.?!? ~?? -- J '- ? * ' * " 1 * What the Forty-Fifth Congress has Developed. Washington, February 24.?The sea8*ioa of Congress is now so near its closo that while it is a little too early to sum up tho legislative results, the politioal conclusions may be stated with sonio degreo of accuracy. Partisau politics have had less effect on legislation this winter than is usualj thp politioal debates have been ' neither numerous.nor important. The-Tolsniall account, and under tho quieting and business-like influeuce of tho administration, and with both parties extremely anxious to avoid mistakes, Congress lias maiuly busied itself with the appropriation bills, and merely political measures, such as attouipts on the Currency, have broken down in committee or in the houses. Nevertheless, as politicians from all parts of the country aro assembled here, so the news ^ and views of every Stalo are more easily B .gathered and compared hero than at any ^ -other point, and out of this comparison come conclusions on which, whether they are cjrrect or not, a largo uumbcr of important men act. Well, in tho first place,-the last three anonths have undoubtedly made tho Republicans more and the Democrats less hopeful of success next year than they wero before ^ Congress met. When Congress assembled, en the 1st of December, the shrewdest Republicans privately gave up tho contest in 1880. They did uot bclievo that their party eould elect the ucxt Prcsidout, hcuce the general coneurrencc in tho Grant movement at that time. "If wo can elect Grunt that will drag us out of the slough," said a prominent Republican early in Dcoomber. "If ho is beaten he is cut of the way, aud that is a gain to which ho hangs like an Old Man of the Sea." The Democrats at that time wero of the same mind. They had uo doubt that they could beat Grant, whom they believed as strong as any other Republican candidate in some contingencies, out tlie weakest ot nil in others. * ??" ? ? . ? ?? ? ? ? m- auM^-t-nnnnm . . r, All this is now changed! It is not very oasy to tell prccisuly the reasons, but the fact is that the Republicans arc at this lime encouraged oud hopeful, aod the Democrats kuow that defeat is looking them in the face. The maip reason, perhaps, is that tho session has perceptibly increased the dissensions in the Democratic party and itsgcucial demoralization as ao organization, while the Republicans arc, undoubtedly, more united than when the session opened. Tho Democratic party , as it is assembled licro, has too many officers and too few privates. If Mr. Banning, of Ohio, could enforce on his party such a measure as the All III J lUUI^AUIAaVIUlI Ulll U UIUIIOUIU Iblll* ing on halt' pay or uo pay, a large share of the Democratic oommauders?this would greatly help it. It is, as they say the army is, greatly over-officered. It has too many Prcstdontiah candidates, too many candidates for the Speakership, too many men * . % who would like to bo.clgiirmcu of committees, or who are or would like to be eminent in some way, and each of whom is engaged in cutting the throuts of all tho others, or, to speak more accurately, iu undermining rivals. THE NAME Of GRANT. The Democrats arc torn to pieces by energetic Presidential candidates, whilo the Republicans rally about the name bf Grant, with whom they are confident of beating Sherman if the astute secretary of the treasury should loom up too strong in tho con VUU tlUU} 4* II LI WIIUUI VUUJf uuu urup II II; should at any time be coareaient to drop hiui for some one clso than Sherman.? 'd'hoy owo more than they are willing to to confess iu this matter to their President. If Mr. Hayes, like Gen. Grant iV 1870, had a hankering for another term, or if, like Jackson, ho were bent on advancing the fortunes of a favorite, or, like Buchauau, on marring thoso of somo ono he detestod, his party would to-day bo in even a more demoralized condition than the Democrats. But the President docs net waut a second term and has no candidato of his own j ho leaves Presidential rivalries entirely alone, and tho party machinery flijves, therefore, without any friction from iho White House. Tho Republican candidates are not fighting each other?at toast, not to the party's injury. No ono of them is in haato to commit himself or his party to any particular policy for 1880, and tho Republicans havo tho further advantage thut they occupy the interior lines?to use a military term?the States they count on carrying are in the centre, while the Demoorata aro troubled with an Eastern and a Western policy, each irreconcilable with the other?uot to speak of a Southern policy of internal improvements and subsidies, which is opposed both in tho East uud West. CANDIDATES AND POLICIES. As politics stand at this time, the Republican Presidential candidates represent substantially ono policy, and whether men aro for Grant or Conkling, or Tllainc,or Evnrts, or Woshburno, or Garfield, or Sherman, to measures, which arc left for next year's i events to finally decide. But with tho I Democrats it is very different. Their can- ( didatcs represent different policies. Thur- < man, who heads the "Ohio movement," i represents the policy of paper money in- ? flation, and he has of late made himself also the ally of tho peculiarly Bourbonist elcmcut of the South, which is found ( maiuly in Kentucky, nud which led the j .filibustering movement during the Electoral ( Federal election laws. Hendricks, who J hopes to hold whatever of the soft-money t West Thuruian cannot get, is not much more thau Thurmau and water. Both are t alike unacceptable to Eastern Democrats. MR. TILDEN's CANVASS. j In tho East Mr. Tilden is here un- 'J dcrstood to bo makinir a secret but vorv 1 o # t J energetic canvass, stretching his opera- t tious over a considerable part of the S South and into some Western localities.? c His methods arc often discussed here i and are sufficiently curious He avoids a the real leaders of public opinion in the ? different sections, and seeks to place uudcr obligations to himself a less prominent class a ?country editors who uced a little help for t their papors, and country Congressmen who li have needed a little help in their districts, o Ilis aim seems to bo to get control of tho s local leaders, tho men who manage county o conventions and scud delegates to State (1 conventions. Of course this is only a rep- 5 ctition of tho manoeuvres of 1870, when Mr. Tilden was found to have the greatest I number of votes at St. Louis, without pos- p sessing either the favor or the coufideucc of ? tho leaders of his party. li m'clellan as an alternate. ? It is asserted here that while Mr. Tildcu 1 is managing for himself, the Tildeu uicu? ( whoever they may be?have some doubts 8 about his "lasting long enough," and have j provided against so awkward a contingency ^ as their candidate dropping out just when they completed the machinery necessary for . his nomination, by settling upon an alter- 1 natc, and this chosen alternate is said to be c Geo. McClellan. It is a singular selection ; ^ tr.? ^.uuuu T tviuhnil Onnnir*f l*?o r%??* t*"*- ?J ?* ' V...U UCll, UUU Will HOI , in auy case give his support to either 51 r. ;; Bayard or Mr. Thurman or any other conspicuous Democrat. As to policies, Mr. P. Tilden is supposed to be willing to stand on a platibrm as good as the Convention will uccept. In 1876 he swallowed a denuueia- * tion of the resumption act aud a demand L for its repeal, and in 1880 ho' will, it is P thought, be at least equally complaisant. WHAT nAYARD REPRESENTS. * w Mr. Bayard represents, of course, sound fj currency, and in addition a prudeti#aud f. conservative policy in general. On the ti currency question he is understood to oceu- J py a position which is more ajsolutcly safe and sound than that of most of the Republicans. He is understood to hold that the government ought not to issue the paper c money of the country ; that the legal ten- ? der act ought to be repealed or declared t unconstitutional, and that the national bank- t ing system, with such nuionduients as it a may he found to need from time to time, a is the safest system this country has ever h had for the bill holders, who, being the g great body of laboring pooplo, are the persons whom it is tho duty of the government to make absolutely securo. Tho Eastern Democrats hero havo made up their minds that they will not support p in 1880 any caudidato who stands on an o inflation platform or who is personally com- r< milted to currency heresies, but they hope d that this question will bo substantially "out tl of politics" boforo next year. t< TUE OHIO IDEA. W The Western men, in their turn, profess 0 a determination not to surrender tho "Ohio ai idea," so-called, but thoy are getting ready ? to modify it, and there is a movement on l? foot which has for its object an alliance ^ between the Western Dcmocrtic party aud . tho Grccnbackers, on a platform of war oa 11 National banks and the issue of paper mon- a ey only by tho government and in the shupo 91 of legal tender notes. Tho Western Dem- 1 ocrats belicvo that if they can consolid.ito a the Grccubaok vote with their own they ? can carry enough Western States, with the solid South, to enable them to do without c. New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. 1,1 The Green backers, some of whom are shrewd 0 men, are not unwilling to make such an 11 alliance and to accept such a platform.? " They say that it will be at least the enter- c ing of the small end of the wedge. 8 | "If we can destroy tho National banks," ? they say, "wo can always demand a largor j; issue of greenbacks, and the rest will copse . with effort. What wo need is the machin- 11 ery of a regular party organization to drive ? in tho wedge. Thoy confessed that the greenback vote 8 alono can accomplish but Tittle, but they r urge that a consolidation of the greenback ^ - i n ? ? uu jL/aiuucruio tom wouia sweep many Western States on which tho Republicans v depend to carry their candidate in, and a that with the solid South such a conibina- c tion could carry enough Western States to c win tho election. Ilente the shrewdest of f .their leaders nr 5 ready to accent a l>euio- I uiwmv uuiauuu uu a piauorui ot vextiuoMon af tho National banks, Government legal touders the only paper money and unlimited coinage of silvor. With that to carry the country in 1880, we will trust to fortuuo uid the logic of evoots for tho rest," they lay. TIIK SOLID SOUTH It will bo obserfed that iu all these calculations a solid Democratic Scutb is taken For grautcd. lluLAheronrc Dcmocrrtic poliiciaus hero who&gin- to recognico tho fact rtnt?,?V?r " rear, an uxftbnieTy unflfefttrtp political juautity. They ackuowlegdo privately that hero is an undoubted and growing tendon:v in the Southern States to a reorganizeion of parties, and that if such a movement bould once begin in any one State it is impossible to foretell whero it would end. fhey confess that uothing but the low aud plundering character of most of the AdMinistration's Fredcral appointments in the couth, and the continued hostile nttitmlo if prominent Republicans aud their swecpug denunciations of the South as a section ,nd as a people, have kept the Southern States solidly in the Democratic ranks. ' Sherman has controlled the Southern ppointuients," said a prominent Democrat he other day, ''and he has fixed them for , liuisclf. If he can coutiuuc to have his < wn way we Democrats tuay hope for va olid South next ynnr, ?uJ in laying h't? we plans for the control of the Southern , iclcgations ju the Republican Couvention , ihcrtnan is really helping us." I Here and there a Republican, however, ( logins to see the same thing. There is so ( ;euerul an opposition in that party to Mr. , ihermau as a successor to Mr. Ilaycs that ] lis labors to pave the way for a nomination , re watched with a great deal of jealousy; 1 t it said that he aims to secure the South- j rn delegations in the Couvention for hiui- ( elf as against General Grant or any ouo Isc, aud it is possible that if some of the { republican leaders should sec the Western j hates endangered by a coalition between , he Democratic aud Grccubuck vote, and , ir. Sherman gaining control of the South- > rn delegations for the convention, they , my hold it tho part of good policy to as- , -" ? ? i? i 'i South. "order to fipTIt^t srtln&OTTnnrTip t\ Ir. Sherman's plans and secure four or ( ve Southern States to the Republican . arty next year. There is no doubt that liia can be done, and with very little diHi- ' ulty, if the attempt is made in time.? Ivcn Gen. Graut could carry half a dozen ' outheru States next year if he would siin- ' ly say that he would recognize an honest ( outheru llepulicau party and turn out the ' arpet-baggers, buuimers and incapables s 'ho still hold the Federal offices down there. ! irant's policy in other repwets has a great 1 iscinatiou for Southern men, aud he is of- ' in very kindly mentioned by them here. ' V. V. Herald. < .?. J GKASSEs AND FORAGE PLANTS. Editor So. Live Stock Journal:?Plant- i rs arc constantly writing me inquiring i bout grasses and other forago plants, and ho following paragraphs may be acceptable o many of your readers. They are writteu i t tho earnest request of ouo of our oldest ] nd most distinguished editors, for tho bene- I t of and in answer to inquiries of a distinllishrd fnroiornor frnm n f .r Yours truly, D. L. Phabks. ? lucebne?Mcdicago Sativa. i Sow in drills 12 or 15 inches apart, 15 i ounds per acre, or broadcast 25 pouuds, n rich, well-draiucd land. Sendiug its a lots very deep, it is littlo affected by f rought even whero sand is ubuudunt iu t ic soil. Tho object of sowiug in drills is ) i cultivate the first year to keep down t cods and grass and obtain a uiore vigor- t us growth. If not drilled, plenty of seeds s above must be sown to overcome weeds nd grass. Nothing should bo sowa with N ;. Sow flnv time from KorOnmkn* 1?? ' - ?J :? ~~f w foveuibor 1st; or better, perhaps, from 'ebruarylfjth to April 1st. 1 have sceu it i bloom and ready for mowing in February, nd every lew weeks thereafter during tho ummcr, varying uccording to moisturo of he season and quality of laud. It makes largo quantity of good hav, relished by all inds of live stoek. It is better, however, jr soiling. For this purpose it should be ut and allowed to remain on the ground ill next day, and then fed. Thus deprived f most of its moisture, tho animal must lasticaio it inoro perfectly, it is digested ioro completely, and does not scour or othrwiso injure. It should not be grazed, for lock biting off tho orowns kill it. For all irasses and clovers the land should be deeper and thoroughly broken and the surfaco nely comminuted, howovcr many ploughugs and liar rowings may be required to ttect this object. Tho need should bo ' ightly harrowed or brushed in, and if the urfuco be very light or dry it should bo oiled. k JAPAN CLOVKR?Lcspedcza Striata. Wo havo five native speoios and scvoral i ariotiee of Lcspcdesa, none worth notiee s forago plants. llut the foroign species, iimcd above, having become extensively iaturalizc1, proves valuable for grazing rom May till October?sometimes later.? t is spoken of by some very favorably for hay I have seen none of the hay. and I b cannot think it very valuable iu compnri- ft Buti with hay from other plants. V RED CLOVER?Trifolium Piatcnsc, belonging to the snmo natural order and family as all tho preceding, is one of the a most valuable of the legumiuous plants.? 8 Sow about one ptck.or 10 pounds, per aero, 41 from September to December, or February * 1st to March 15th. It ofteu furnishes n grazing throughout the wiutcr in this lati- ' tude, aud is ready for the mower iu May .2 an a J Uiy. It JliaEks. trum-iwv to lour ton* ' per acre of very superior hay. r CHINESE SUOAlt CANE?Sonjhum. 11 Here the amber cane is regarded as iu '! uo wise superior to some other varieties, ^ save iu earlier maturity, which is a matter V of less importance hero thau iu tho latitude y of ftlinncsota. As a forage plant the auibor, by its early habit, might be more do- e sirable if other feed should be scarce.? All tho syrup producing varieties arc very J valuable food crops for livestock, as horses, . mules, cows, hogs, &c. The cutting may Is be commenced when three feet high, or f even loss, and the plant treated and used as directed for lucerne. It will bear repeated 01 cuttings and yield an immense quantity of forage. I do not like the matured cane P' dried for feed. It coutaius too much iudi- . ?ntia.U 1 ^vgtiuig 11UUUJ UUrU. *" JOHNSON oil ASS?SoryUum Jfulajtcnsc, lomctluico i?icalis grass, uuo.a grass, cr Uuinoa grass, &c., must not bo confounded j. with another Guiuea grass which belougs j)( to another genus. As this grass is very gt liflicult to exterminate and has iu this jj( country given considerable trouble for fifty g0 years in cultivated crops, 1 would not advise ut to sow on lands that you may expect to m plant some years after in cultivated crops. gt] This grass, being large and coarse and grow- ^ ing very rapidly, may be cut several times W( inch season, and yields immense crops of rood forage. It docs not attain full per- ^ lection of yield tbc first year. The roots ca firm a deuse uet-woik iu the soil, and al- m though pretty large, they are so teuder as ^ to prcscut but little obstacle to the plough. p0 The crop is improved by scarifying the ijrouud every two or three years and fcrtili- cr siug. Sow three or four pecks per acre in smrtiur afuir..r]anar?r from frost On ,riol? OI land (and it should not be sown on any othir) it is sometimes ready for the mower in ^ 15 or 50 days. 1ERMAN MILLET?Solaria German tea, or 0r S. Jtaliea, be )f Tcunessce, is the same as goldeu millet d.i )f some other localities, and both, probably, ha >u'y improved varieties of Hungarian grass. w< I'or from a single seeding I have seen every gr ihade of variety from the poorest llungari- su in to the finest specimens of goldon millet, br ho diifercucc apparently caused principally jy difference of soil. The latter variety I re consider best, and may be perpetuated by fr careful annual selection and planting on pi ;ood land. It yields immense crops and is to very exhausting to the soil. Tor forage it as should bo cut before the seeds mature. It at may be sown any time after danger of frost la in the spiug till July, if the season should so bo moist enough. Tor seed it is best sown sc iu drills; for iorngc, broadcast, about three fu pecks per acre, or cveu more, to prevent sc Lho stems becoming too large and woody, pi t consider it one of the best foods for live yc stock, having once, as an experiment, fed cr ill my work animals with it alouo for two months. They seemed to enjoy it very iiuch and improved while using it. Jc CENTUCKY BLUE U It ASS?l'oa PrOtCUSU. an In mixtures sow four pounds per acre; '1C done 20 to 20 pounds (2 bushels) por acre, row September till November, or January f " u iiprii ueai., pcrnaps, m iuarcb in tbis atitude. It usualjy makes litllo show for v" wo hr three years. Excellent for pasture *.c md hay. jV lED TOP HERDS QRASS?Agrostis Vulgaris vill grow well on almost any soil, even hough very wet nud at times submerged, 8C nuking very good hay and much grazing (j( ivon iu winter. It bears heavy grazing. hn Sow alouo from 21 to 28 pounds per aero fai 12 pounds to the bushel), or mixture for W( iastures three pounds. It docs not make so ;ood pasture alono, and must not bo used wj u too lurgc proportion iu mixtures, as it is w] lisposed to increase annually and root out touie species to tho damage of the pasture. wj ORCHARD QRASS?Dcictylis Glomcrata. to is excellent both for hay aud pasture. To na irnvont fiirnniliAn nf :* -l 1 1 1 ? u.HVIUU V>> 1UKIUV/M It DIIUUIU DC Uli ncavily seeded?t vo bushels or more per wi terc alone j or six pecks with ono peck of sc< red clovor. This is a good combination for ?? grazing and hay. Having plenty of long nv ibrous roots it is not damaged by grazing >? >r drought. This and red top may be sown front January till April, or not quite to well in September or October. ^ tall oat orass?Aarkcnatlicrum Avchaccum. ja A very valuable grass alone for pasture in or hay, or mixed with others for pas- A turo. It has abundant long fibrous roots, nr and its vitality is little affected by in drought or grazing. It furnishes grazing w in winter as well as spring and summer, ca and grows on any good soil. Liko orchard tfi grass iu habit, it must bo sown thickly, two ar or three bushels per acre, the bushel being oi seven pounds. It may be sown inSeptom- vi or, October, November, February and larch. fil.vr TIIE BEST UOASSES FOIt PASTURES. This depends on whether the pasture is >r oue season, or to be perinuucnt, as well s locatiou, soil, drainage, etc. For a siule winter, the testimony, so fur as kuown 3 me, is unanimous in strong connncndaion of our native wild brome grass, (iirotus uuivoluidea). Many however speak roui a single experiment, and with little r no knowledge of other grasses. So that rtrmnst acc6|>*7he?*^&toments with due escrvc and caution. Two winters it gave )C luxuriant, tender grassing from October ill April or May; but this wioter it is lircc months later, not coming up till iovetiib ;r, and even now it is very short, Ithough no stock has been on it to this, an. 1G. Others inform mo that seed rowu here do uot germinate till November, >)d that lor onrlv lull ni?'!"" ? J ..... p.'?u? U, OUtU lit USI 2 imported annually from Southern Europe, ut this I know is not necessarily so ; for it indigcuous in our Southern States, aud have sceu good grazing early in October oui native seed. More probably it depends \ the character of the season. Several other plants furnish good winter isturc, but uoue are so valuable as barley, have year alter year sown wheat, oats, rye, irley, etc., side by side, for winter pasture; >d 20 years ago I rcaehod the conclusion^ _ s. It affords grazing earlier, moro abuutntly, grows soouer and more rapidly after jing grazed dowu, is more relished by ock and more wholesome. It docs nob j ou the ground like rye, but stands up ; that stock cat less saud, dirt and other iwholcsomc matters in grazing it. With c, when all other kiuds of grain were dcroyed by rust, it was never affected by, at, Or any other disease or contingency of jathcr. It is gratifying to see in the Southernultivator, from the pen of its experienced,, utious and very able editor, a like estiatc of the value of barley for wiutcr pusre. Sown in August or September, it afrds good grazing from October till May. ' stock are taken off in March, a good op of seed may be harvested ; or if not 1 desired for seed, ewiue may be turned i tv, nuil for a month or two, probably )thing could benefit them moro. Sow rce bushels per acre. I failed to mention at the proper place, 10 of the very best of naturalized grasses, >th for pasture and meadow?the Bermut. It would do well on any good laud ; I ivo seen Red and White clovers do pretty jll among it; and possibly some of tho asses named above might do equuliy welt, eh as the oat grass, red top, or wild omc. DEFECT1 VE SEEDS, ndcr heavy seeding nee.-saury?sometimes > oui ten to uiucty per ceut. of the seeds irehased failing to germinate. It is well test every lot of seed before sowing, to certain what per contago, will germinate,, id to sow accordingly. And as seeding a rgc farm is very expensive, with bought cd, it is a good plau to have separate lots it, each with picked seed of a single grass, r the purposo of propagating such sound ed as we may wish for mixtures or other trposcs. Thus a large area may in a few ;ars be satisfactorily set in grasses at modulo cost. M EDOWS. The remarks made on Bermuda grass, dinson grass, Tall oat grass, Orchard grass d lied clover, I trust will suffice for this> ad. The Paspalum is also a good mead ' grass, tuat rcsccds the land annually, it on hill sides it docs not sufficiently prolit the land from washing. I havo had a luable meadow of this grass mowu for a ries of years The grass, both green andi y, is much relished by stock, and nutri>us. SOW I NO GRASS SEKDS. The best means of sowing grain and grass cds of all kinds, that I have used, is the ihoon Broad Cust seed sower; which I ,vo used for many years with entire satisetion. Pcarce's Improved Caboon is >rth at the manufactory. One may w five or ten acres of grain per hour th it. Grass seed should never be sown lile the wind blows; but if this cannot i, tho next best thing to do, is to travel f Vl ihn ?rin?i in 5 T/* ... ...? n.uu IU nuniii^ mo BCUU. LI bo sown by hand, mark the laDd in rrow strips and divide the seed in as any parcels as strips of land ; then ilking lengthwise the strip, sow half tho cd intended for it; and returning on tho> me strip, sow the other half. Thus a ore equal and regular distribution of seedi effected, and as a oonsequenco, a more tisfactory oatch of grass obtained. 4 XT _ _ T w . iv nr. r industry.?it is not gonerally lown that tho articlo called Russian caaro, which comes bero in cans, and which said to bo a very delectable thing to eat, mostly a production of South Carolina, company of onterprising Northern men o engaged on the hdisto River in the busess of catching sturgeon, the flesh of Inch is sent North and oonverted into mncd salmon,* while the spawn is sent to10 same place, and after being prepared id oanncd, comes back to us with a for* gn trade mark, and is sold as Russian oatarc.