The Pickens sentinel. (Pickens, S.C.) 1871-1903, July 07, 1887, Image 1
VOL. XVI" 'CES .0,I1IRDY UY7
WILKES vO3TIlI'S DEEI).
T}E ASSASSINATION OF PltESII1NT
ABiAIIAM LINCOLN.
Andrew Johnson and Mrs. Surratt--Ilow
a Regard for Religion Might Havo Saved
Lincoln.
(Anniston, Ala., Hot Blast.)
As the day approaches that marks the
yearly record of Lincoln's death, 1 find
myself dwelling upon it with more than
usual sadness, because I happen to be
amid the surroundings that framed in
the startling report when it reached me.
It is strange that this free government
of ours, the crime, which of all others is
the outgrowth of despotism, should find
development. Do extremes meet in this
way, or may wo take this strange ap
pearanco of assassination as a symptomi
" of a deep seated disease that escapes or
dinary seeing? Are we, after all, lifkd
abovo the ills of tyranny in our form of
government, or have we only shifted the s
evils of oppression by one, or a few, to a
that of the many? is not the despotism f
of a majority as intolerable as that of t
one man or of a class? Our government
has developed into one of parties, .nd,
while our constitution was framed to r
4 protect the minority, the unwritten con
stitution of experience running through &
a century, really proclaims the fact that I
a minority has no rights which the party s
in power is bound to respect. 1;
It is a little singular, however, that
our two instances of assassination, w hich f
startled the civilized world, were outside d
the ordinary run of politics. Booth L
struck for the South, then in armed re- t
volt, and Guiteau killed the President 1
* his party had elected. But these draw t
no hne and only illustrate the fact that r
heated partisanship, uttered in words, is L
sure to find active expression from the v
insane. Booth's bullet had back of it c
Jeff Davis's utterances, while Guitcau's n
pistol, fired at Washington, was lo tded
at Utica.
Of course Jeff Davis, nor Roscoe i
Conkling, ever dreamed of such intents, a
and were undoubtedy? shocked and 1;
pained at the results. T'he fact rem+ius, 1
however, and should be a lesson to the a
leaders to teach them to be more guard- 1
ed in their utterances. The wild ox- i
aggerations as to the vital importanea of
each political campaign, which we hear
from the stump and read in the press,
are dangerous, for while the masses take s
them at their true value, cranks are
stirred into devilish activity. 1
We must remember, too, that for two f
thousand years, poets, orators and pa
triots have been singing the praises of i
" the assassins-of all popular saints
Brutus and Charlotte Corday have been c
and are the most glorified. The truth is C
that neither was animated by any lofty
impulse or patriotic motive, the fact be
ing that one was a low sort of a woman
and the other a mean man. Booth and
Guiteau were quite as good as the classic
pair. Next to setting up a sham as a
popular idol, tho greatest difliculty is to
pull down again and escape the conse
quonces of our own folly. Good may
come out of violence done by masses f
when they rise half starved against op
pression, but there is no good in assassi
nation. There is a diflerenco between t
murder and war.
These thoughts, however, are not ger- i
mane to what I sat down to write. I b
only seek to record some facts connected c
with the awful murder of the great and t
good President.
When the news of President Lincoln's
assassination startled the people I was at
my home, on the Mac-o-chee, Ohio.
While walking along the pike near to
wvard the village, some two miles dis
'tant, going for my daily mail, I met a
inan on horseback, wvhose sad face struck t
ine. American farmers have the saddest
faces of all humanity, but this wore a I
gloom of unusual depth. Stopping
when near me, he askod if I had heard
the news, and getting a response in the
negative, he continued:
"Theyr do say at Liberty that Lincoln
is dead. '
"Dead?" I repeated.
"Yes; shot dead by a play-actor, or
circus chap, or some sort of fellow of
that kind. '
I hurried on. I was struck by the
silence of the town. Life in the four
years of bloody disasters on our p)art,
which were qt.e as bloody in our year
of victory as they were in our defeats,
had been terribly cheapened in public
estimation. The reports of thousands
left dead upon the field, .a. dying in
-hospitals, were received with uoisy com.
ment, it is true, but yet wvith a certain
indifference, Here, however, wvas a
death that commanded grave attention,
and seemed to change the (lay itself f rom
one of noisy life to a sabbath-liko still
ness. The shops were Open but desert..
ed, and around the corners the people
were collected gazing at each ether in
silence. Tiowards noon the country poo
ple began to gather in, They came
directly from home in their ordinary
work clothes, and as returned soldiers,
stimulated by liquor, grew noisy and the
threatening feeling spread, and during
the day and night, I expected to hear of
certain obnoxious Democrats, knowni as
'0 Copporheads, being mobbed and mal
treated. But we escaped all violence,
and in twenty-four hours the excitement
of that sort subsided.
. [lad political organizations been more
evenly divided at that time the conso..
'ouences would have been deplorable.
3ut the Republican p)arty meant then
the American people at the North, imnd
popnlar fury was expended in denuncia
tion of Jeff' Davis and the rebels, as they
Wvore called, it was generally beliovedi
that the assassins were agents of the
Confederates, who, failing in the field,
had resorted to murder to avenge their
-* lost cause.
A year afterwards I visited a niece,
then residing in Maryland, on the route
taken by Booth in his flight from the
capital. The terror excited by the wrath
* of the community yet p)rovailed, and the
Marylanders, my relatives included,
spoke cautiously and in an undertone of
te event, and such p)arts of it as camne
nnder their immediate observation.
The fury of officials deprived the gov
ernent of much valuable evidence that
would have thrown considerable light on
the dark transaction, and while sorving
aopuniahi the guilty would have in a
measuro protected the innocent. Seoro
tary Stanton, a man of violent passions
n d, therefore, when aroused, of blind
prejudico, was aided in his insane fury
by Andrew Johnson, who had reasons
Af his own for keeping alive a storm
which prevented too close a scrutiny
into his own past associations and con
luct. The men of infamous class known
ms detectives, developed by the war, and
3ultivated by the secretary of war and
The secretary of state, whore kings and
mbordinato officers, were executors un
icr their own law, and instead of on
ouraging an opening of testimony, they
persecuted all who were supposed to
tnow anything connectedi with the inur
lcr of Lincoln and the attempted murder
)f Seward. In this way a poor stage
marpeuter, who innocently held Booth's
lorse on the night of the assassination
van sent to a.living death, and poor Dr.
\ludd, who treated the broken anklo of
B3ooth, never dreaming of what caused
ho accident, was glad to escape the gal
ows in sharing the carpenter's punish
nent. Mrs. Surratt, who was found
;uilty of keeping a boarding house at
Vashington, was hanged-to our national
hamo through all time to como.
It was death to any one known to have
con, let alone associated with Booth,
nd in this way mouths were closed in
ear, and consequently a revelation of
lie facts suppressed.
This affords a key to the reasons for
undrew Johnson's strange, contradicto
y and wild conduct on the occasion.
Io out-ieroded Herod, which means
Itanton, in his angry denunciation of
aen whom ho afterwards, when in the
afety of a subsided excitement, strange
y favored. And in this we can find the
nly reasonable solution of his passing
rom one extreme to tho other. On one
.ay he was furious in his demands to
ave treason made odious by hanging
hie traitors, from Jeff Davis down. Not
ng after ho shifted to the other extreme
hat favored general amnesty, and was
emarkable for an equally heated do
unciation of the Radicals at the North
rho would recognize Lincoln's mild re
onstruction policy, based on forgive
ess and kind treatment.
President Johnson felt that he was the
ly man in all the world who was bene
td by the death of his predecossor,
nd haunting him was a fact that strange
y escaped attention at the time. He
ad not only been the boon c >mpanion
nd confidential friend of Booth in times
ast, but the assassin's card was found
a the wrong box at Johnson's hotel,
amiliarly addressed to the Vice-Presi
lent, asking for an interview on the
ory day of the night on which the as
assination occurred.
Less evidence than this hanged others,
nd Stanton's blind rage and Johnson's
imulated fury saved Andrew Johnson
rom a punishment awarded alike to the
nr.ocent and guilty.
Much time and ink have been wasted
ver that recommendation to executive
lemency awarded Mrs. Surratt by the
ourt-martial that condemned her, and
.u effort made to have us believe that it
vas kept from the President.
The records show that this recommen
lation made a part of the proceedings
tpon which the President had to pass.
f this were not so the President was
;uilty of an illegal act. The fact is that
he recommendation to mercy was be
ore the man who not only dared not
omply with the plea, but, in his fear,
ctually hurried up the execution. And
his great advocate of the constitution,
urthermoro, refused to recognize the
nterferenco of a civil tribunal that
ought to review the proceedings of a
ourt-martiul, as it had the right to do,
mnder a writ of habeas corpus.
Is it possible that Bootl had the meet
g with the Vice-President for which he
sked, and if so did he tell the Vice
?resident of the awful work he had in
iand1? If so, it may be that Andrew
rohnson took this to be the vaporings of
dlrunkkard1 actor-and it is very likely
hat his strange conduct caime rather
rein fear than from the workings of a
~uilty conscience.
As Judge Advocate of the Extraordi
ary Court of Inquiry that sought to in
restigato the military conduct of General
3uell, I was brought in close association
vith Andrew Johnson, and what I learn
i of him on that occasion gives me a
>Otter opportunity for forming judgment
.han falls to the lot of the many who~
ascribe all his actions to high pitriotic
mpu lses.
It may be that the future historie,
veighing these facts in an impartial
nind, will conie to the same conclusion
hat I have ini regard to President ,John
on, .But this is doubtful. A thought
ul mind has told us that history is the
olitics of the p)ast and the p)resent, and
olitics ofa the p)rejudices and current
>eif fthe people.
I have been struck in this connection
y the remarkable similarity of conduct
>n the part of Johnson and that of
HIachoth. When the murderer of that
greatest and most perfect tragedy is
arought face to face with his awful
crime, he fairly roars in his sinulated
wrath. The grand imagination of the
kingly asssassin that has given us some
Af the purest exp)ressions of philosophi
cal poetry give phlace to the miserable
rant of a vulgar mind, Macbeth, how
aver, wis carrying the murdered Duncan
on his conscience, while Johnson was
p)robalbly driven to desperation b)y the
knowledge of an indiscretion that had
the samne dreadful consequences loom.
ing into immediate exist hnce.
I would rather have been the associate
of Booth and p)ossessedl of his dreadful
secret, if the awful choice woero forced
upon me, andl have been hanged for it,
than to have lived through years to iny
grave ha'unlItedl by tho thought of that
poor woman wrinaging her motherly
handa in ab)ject terror upon01 theo scafl'old
Johnson authorized, or seeing night and
day that bundle of woman's clothes
swinging in the hot sun of sununer, as
they.covered at the end of a rope the
agonios of death.
While on a visit to my relatives, above
referred to, I heard of a negro who hakd
aec( an Bouti'uido 0on the night of the
ftight, and hunted up the mani. I found
him a stupid fellow of about 18 or 20,
and I got very little out of him. 'hn
little, however, was to me very sigiil
cant, and to my mind threw a light on
Booth'a designs I hadnersenu
gestedl. The hovel in which the o
lived had been aroused after midnighi
and f6 goodly sum in gold ofrered for a
gude. The youth, with the consent ol
his parents, dressed himself, if puttin
on a ost and par of .hoe ool b
dignified with the name. Mounting a
mule he joined the two and undertook
the duty demanded of him. It was hard
work for me to drag information from
the stolid follow; but I learned that
while one of the night riders taJJ:ed non
sense all tho time the other said little,
and that little was given to cursing his
broken log and somebody for not put
tin out the lights.
Iho light business took hold of my
mind with a fascinating tenaoity that I
could not shake off. As I worked it out
it seemed to me a key to the mystery
that enveloped all the work of the assas
sin on that terrible night, but I could
not manage the testimony. What light
was that which should have been extin
guished and was not? The actor may
have been haunted with Othello's solilo
quy, where he says booro Desdomona's
death, "put out the light and then put
out the light." But it gave no satisfac
tory solution to the surmises.
Years after, while telling the late
Richard Merrick of this mystery, the
eyes of that oloquent and able advocate
brightened. When I ended he said,
"Your negro gave you the key." The
true story of that awful crime came to
me in my capacity as a lawyer. Booth,
the assassin, who put an end to the life
not only of an able, kind-hearted man,
but of all the hopes which the South had
of an honorablo and peaceful settlement
in the way of reconstruction, had ar
ranged with an accomplice to turn oil'
the gas from the theatre when ho (the
accomplice) heard the report of the
pistol. This would have plunged the
theatre into midnight darkness, and in
the terrible fright and confusion the
assassin would have escaped detection.
The fellow rolied on, smitten with con
trition at the enormity of the crime or
by fear, failed his chief and fled. In
stead of quietly gaining his horse, and
as quietly riding away undetected and
unsuspected, he had to face the audience
in the fIll glare of the footlights and
ride desperately, well knowing that the
foot of justice was on his path.
The lights were not extinguished.
The desperate murderer, in his hasty
flight from the box, caught his spur in
the flag of our Union that draped the
box, fell, broke his ankle and rode down
to death. The plot was clearly planned
and one can imagine the tumultuous
flight of that crowd, in the darkness that
was to have followed the crime. And
one can realize the desperdtion and
agony of Booth as he rode off into the
midnight, well knowing that he was re
cognized, and that there was no spot on
earth in which he could find hiding and
safety, even had not his broken leg de
prived him of every advantage. The
fatal mark of Cain had been imprinted
on him in the full glare of his familiar
footlights, and that retribution which
dogs the steps of crime was but a ques
tion of time.
The murder occurred on the night of
Good Friday, and had our good and
greatest of Presidents paused to remem
ber for a moment the belief of a great
majority of Christian humanity, he
would not have been exposed to the
cruelty of the assassin. But "God reigns
and the government still lives."
DON PIATr.
Mac-o-chee, Ohio, March 27, 1887.
John Slhermian, Talks Again.
Senator Sherman has had himself in
terviewed again, lie was interviewed
less than two weeks ago by the Cincin
nati Enquirer, which wanted him to ex
plain the dilference between his Nash
ville conciliation speech and his Spring
field bloody shirt speech, and now he
has been interviewed by the Cincinnati
Commercial Gazette in order to explain
the explanation. He still refuses to see
any inconsistency between the two
speeches, although he admits that the
Springfilel speech was impolitic. Every
word in it, he says, is literally[ true ox
celpt, perhaps, the statement thait "there
is inot an intelligent man in this broad
land of either party who does not know
that Mr. Cleveland is now President of
the United States by virtue of crimes
against the elective franchise." lie ad
mits that this may be too broad, b)ut
up)on a careful analysis he (lees not see
how he could modify it if fair force is
given to the word "intelligent." 1Ie
concludes the interview by saying: "1
cannot see aby reason why the Confed
orate cause, which was 'eternally wrong,'
but bravely and honestly fought out,
should be loaded dowvn wvith the infamy
of crimes which required no courage,
committed long since the wvar, by poli
ticians d.one, for political power and for
the bcnefit of the lDomocratic p)arty. I
can find some excuse for these atrocities
in the strong p)rejudico of caste and race
in the South, growing out of centuries
of slavery, but I. can findl no excuse for
any man of any p)arty in the North who
is willing to submit to have his p)olitical
powver controlled and overthrown by
such means." The conversation as re
ported gives the impression that Mr.
Sherman wrote the questions as well as
the answers.
'The Cotton Mo)vemnt.
From the New York 1"inancial Chron
icle's cotton article the following figures
are gathered relative to the movement of
the stap)lo daring the past week:
The total receipts reached 2,364 bales,
against 3,540) bales last week, 4,032 bales
the previous week, andl 7,599 bales three
woek'i since; making the total receip)ts
since the 1st September, 188G, 6,187,182
bales, against 5,247,193 bales for the sameu
p)eriodl of 1885- 6, showing a decrease since
September 1, 1886, of 60,011 bales.
The exports for the week reach a total
of 10,072 bales, of which 3,385 were to
(Great Britain, 1,501) to France, and 5,187
to the rest of the continent.
Tlhe imp)orts into continental p)orts
(diring the week were 50,001) bales.
These figures indlicato a decrease in the
cotton ini sight of 75,785 bales as comn
p)aredl with the same (late of 1886, and
a (derease of 59,937 bales as compared
with the corresponding (late of 1885.
Tlhe receipts from the p)lantations,
b)eing the actual movement, not includ
inig the overlandl receipts nor Southern
conisumpition, of cottoni that reached the
market through the outports for th<
week were only 1,523 bales. The total
receipts since the 1st of September are
5,184,374 bales.
If yuhave catarh usei i the suirest rende
dyD.Sage's.
The surest way for sweet girl graiduates
tq get into prit is to wear calico dlreese
nA commenemnt ay.
A GRIZZLED STRANGER.
IkE TELLS IIOW lIE MADE A MILE A
MINUTE ON UOItSEIIACK.
His Race Over the DevIl's Track--Why He
Felt Inclined to Make Such (ood( Time.
(Fromt the New York Sun.)
"I've made a mile a minute on horse
back, in the saddlo."
As a grizzled stranger with a quartzite
pin made this remark, a silence fell upon
the little group of turfinen who sat in
the corridor of the WVindsor Hotel, at
1)enver, the other evening. The man
who had just told of driving an unre
corded mile in 2:11 arose deliberately,
brushed the ashes off his cigar, buttoned
his overcoat, and walked away. "1 an
a liar, myself," somebody began.
"Hold on," said the stranger, "this
isn't a lie. It's cold, clammy truth, and
I'll back it with money."
''Havo you the papers for it?"
"No, nor the judge's aflidavits. In
fact, nobody saw it except myself, but if
you will permit mc to tell you the cir
cumstances, I'll leave it to yourself
whether it isn't a fact."
''Blaze away."
The group drew closer. Even the man
who had walked off suspended his con
versation with the hotel clerk and lis
tened on the qluiet. The grizzled stran
er removed a section of tobacco from his
mouth and began:
"This happened five years ago last
fall. I was living in Loadvillo at the
time, but had mining interests that took
me frequently into the outlying districts
for a radius of perhaps a dozen miles.
These trips I nearly always made on
horseback, on a tough little bronchi,
hard mouthed, trained to mountaia
roads, and caplaLble of keeping up a jog
trot at a pinch for twenty hours on a
stretch. On the occasion in question I
started very early one clear, cold morn
ing for a claim I owned on the other
side of the divide, on the slope of what
is called Gold Mountain-you can find it
by looking on any map. 1'o reach it I
had to first cross Tennessee park and
then wind over a very crooked, tortuous
trail that gradually ascended to a pass
somewhere above Timber Pine. It was
not more than two miles as the crow
flies, but nine by the road, owing to the
frequent zigzagging or tacking made
necessary by the steeness of the range.
"I took things easy, and it was about
noon when I reached the claim. I had
a couple of men at work there, ate din
ncr at their cabin, and then vent over
to look at the shaft. One has no idea
how rapidly time passes underground,
where everything is dark, and when I
came up I was surprised to find that it
was nearly 4 o'clock, and the shadows of
pimons a hundred yards ofl' had crawled
up to the windlass. I was annoyed, too,
for there was a suggestion of snow in the
air, and the ride across Tennessee park
in a storm-well, the less said about it
the better. So I lost no time in getting
into the saddle, and pushcd rapidly
ahead toward the pass. I had to go
quite a little distance before I reached
it, and all the time the sky grew graver,
and presently a few flakes began to fall.
I urged the broncho, and finally began
the descent.
"The road beyond the pass led down
a long, straight incline for about a quar
ter of a mile. This took it to the fringes
of timber pine, and then it made a de
tour of nearly two miles to get around a
spur of the range. At that point I
paused. The idea occurred to me that I
could make a short cut by going directly
over the spur and striking the trail on
the other side. The range was not par
ticullarly steep at this p)lace, but rather
a succession of rough eminences, and tile
undertaking did not seem to be acconm
p)anied by danger. A sudden raw wind
dlecided me. I turned the broncho ell'
tile road anld started.
"The p)lan appeared the more feasi
ble as I advanced. What looked like
steelp ascents at a distance proved to be
gentle ones, and 1 was soon pretty near
ly across. T1he spur was well wooded
with old pine trees, some of which had
rottedl as they lay, and on the far side
the declivity extended down at an oven
slop)e clear to the valley, where b)ig rocks
and boulders looked like grains of blast
ing p)owder, and the roadl like a tiny
streak. 1 rememnber yet how, b)etween
the tree topsM, .I caught a glimpse of the
palrk withI the Arkansas riv'er wvind1ing
through it, and the whole thing looking
liko some map in my old geography.
'That was the last thing that impressed
itself on my mind before my horse stag
gered, stumbled, plunged a little, and
then came down with a crash, iirst on
his fore legs and then flat on is belly,
his head down hill. I can't readlily (de
scribe it, but he fell in such a way that
my right leg, without being crushed or
even muchl bruised, was twisted in the
stirrup) strap and caught fast.
"RLight here let me stop) to explain a
circumstance that will enable you to un
derstand the situation. Down in the
valley, at thme base of Gold Mountain,
was a sawmxill owned by George Lacy,
of Leadville, and extendling up from its
yard, almost to timber line, was what is
called a log shoot. This is simply a
V-shaped trough, large enoughl to hold
a good-sized pine trunk, and built solid
ly against the face of the mountain. Of
course it has to be straight, or uearly so
to p)ermit the logs to slide down without
obstruction, and use soon makes the
inside as smooth as glass. Such a. eon
trivance saves a great (1eal of hauling,
for as the trees are cut, they are dragged
over and (dumped into the trough, and
go dhown to the yar(l like a streak of
lighting. In the course of time, the
pressure will drive the trough in p)retty
nearly level to the earth. Tfhis was the
case with the Lacy shoot. Moreover, it
had not been used for about a year, and
1)m11 needles, dead boughs, and other
rubbish had inl places almnost hidden it
from sight. I was well enough acquaint.
ed with the mountains to know, the i
stant my b)roncho) fell, thmat he had
walked into the 01(1 log shioot. I was
net aware of it at the time, but I think
now that that headlong tumble broke
is back then andl there, and he never
knew what hurt him.
"It takes a moment for the coolest
head to clear itself in times of unlooked
for peril, and long before that moment
had elapand the brmnhai dI re 01
our way to the valloy, going faster at
every breath, nothing to stop us, death
ahead, and the devil's own railroad un
derneath. I was sitting almost erect in
the saddle. The leather flaps had twist
ed around and kept my logs from rub
bing against the side of the trough, but
hold me like bands of iron. Even had
they not, jumping off would have boon
out of the question. I have never boon
on a toboggan, but I think that people
who have will understand why I bent all
my energies to holding on. I did not
famt and did not got dizzy; there was a
hideous roaring in my ears, a furious
wind seemed to all of a sudden to tear
up the mountain and suck the breath
out of my mouth, but everything was
deadly clear and distinct. I could see
black specks grow suddenly into big
pines and then shoot past me. 1 could
even see the snow caught in their needles
as they came whizzing up. Every in
stant, through some clearing, I could see
the valley, in a flash, and over it all was
a sickening feeling as though the moun
tain was sinking away from me, and I
was plunging out into immeasurable
space. So strong was this that even
now, standing on the solid marble floor,
I can recall the qualm and nausea as all
support seemed to give away, the earth
tip up and let me fal!, fall, fall-it felt as
if forever. A mass of rock as large as
this hotel was beneath me. As I looked
it somed to leap into the air like a bal
loon. There was a black line of forest
below. I shot through it as through a
tunnel, and out into the light again. I.
tried to shut my eyes. It was impossi
ble- I tried to scream. The air had
turned to stone.
"I have read that when men are about
to die their lives reel out before them
like a panorama. Mine didn't. All I
could think of was the crash, the bloody
mass of man and horse lying somewhere
in the valley, and I remember I was glad
in a wild, crazy kind of way that it
would be all over in an instant and that
it wouldn't hurt me. I knew we must
lie nearly there. The trees and rocks
were undistinguishable, when all of a
sudden a black mass flew up into my
face. I felt that I was being beaten,
bruised and hurled over and over, and
then everything was still.
"When the moon was well up I came
to myself. I was lying in a snowdrift,
rubbing at my head and moaning. After
a long time I crawled a little ways, and
then ell down and cried for my very
helplessness. 1 must have been a little
flighty, and heaven knows hows how I
found my way to Lacy's mill, a quarter
of a mile beyond; but I did, somehow,
and they carried me in and sent for help.
You see the old timber shoot had fallen
into decay, and some distance above the
yard was a broken place that saved my
life. Vheu we reached it the dead
broncho jumped the trough and the two
of us went sailing and turning and
cavorting over a field of fresh snow until
we stuck into a drift about 500 yards
away. The broncho had the worst of
it, even there, for ho kept on going un
til he struck solid earth. I broke three
ribs and this arm in so many difl'erent
places that the doctor wanted to cut it
off and be done with it. What puzzled
the mill men most was that my legs es
caped, but the saddle flaps were worn to
fringe and I suppose that explains it.
From the point where I started to the
break was over two miles, and the old
hands there said logs used to m' ke it in
less than two minutes. 1 had nlo stop
watch, but I'll back myself against any
log that ever made the trip."
TI1OSE JtATTLIL-FLA(;s.
Some Facts About the (:apt areil Iian,irY
The HIIstory of the Confecoraate Flag.
(Washington Letter to thie Newv York i jmes.)
WVhen the cap)tured Union flags were
found at Richmond, there were also with
the rebel archives sent up to Wa.shing
ton a collection of designs for a Confed
orate flag. With the devices were letters
oxplaining their meaning. Bunt in all,
over 200, there were not above half a
dozen devices without the stars. Th'Je
arrangemcnt of the stars made infinite
variety, but through aall, the mullet or
five-pointed star was retained, shaowing
that, desirous as the Confederates were
to get a flag unlike the "'yankee" oe
blem, the old feeling could not shako oil'
attachment to the stars. And in almost
every letter with a device for the flag,
reference is made to retainaing the star's,
though sometimes ignoring the stripes.
One Confederate wrote: "Let the Yan
kees keep their ridiculous tunie of 'Yan
kee D)oodle,' but by aill thait is sacred dlo
not let them monopolize the stars anad
the stripes. You haive fought well un.a
der our glorious banner; comala youa fight
as well under another? Never! (Chanage
it, imaprovo it, alter it as you will, buat
for Heaiven's sake keep thae stars anad
strip)es I"
Another said: "D)o naot give up the
stars and stripes to the Northa. If is
ours as fully ais it is theirs. * Keep
the stripes, keep the azuaro field, andl a
star for each sovereignty ini thu coanstel
hation, and then distinguish at by a red
cross (the Southern cross) emtting thec
stripes at right angles. * 'l lhe songs
of a nation and its flag have a prodligionas
moral influence."
One Confederate alone wrote against
the stars and in favor of the stripes. lie
said: "I don't like the cross. It is sag.
nificant of Cathaolic rule andic had too
much to do with the nmachainaery of the
dlarkt ages. Thle old sitaras must, I think,
be abandoned. They belonag to the
n'ight, and besides the North will keep,
them. It is nothing with us. L et. thecre
be seven stripoes, one for eacha of the~
original States, as the thairteent were for
the original States of the oldI Confedera
cy. Lo~t them be0 vertical instead of
horizontal."
One writing wholly ini favor of the
stars, sent his advice and said: ''We still
have a 'star-spangled baanner' which is
dear to the peCo >lo from old1 aiissocitiatn,
aind we can allord to let the Yanakee,s
keep the stripes. We are enatitledl to a
'star-spangled banner,' because the host
poetry in honor of it was composed by
a Southern man, and the incident which
occasioned its coimpositlion occurred ou
Southern soil and reflected honor ona
Southern soldiers."
The committee of the p)rovisional gov'
emrnent in their report on a flag and
seal for adoption, confessed they were
not so much attached to the old flFag, and
declared it would be inappropriate to
"retain the flag of the government from
which we have withdrawn." The design
recommended by the committee and
adtled by the prviioa govrnen
was known as the "Stars and Bars." Thc
Union blue in the corner had a circle of
seven white stars, to repreaont the seven
original seceding Statos. The rest of
the flag showed three bars, red, white
and blue. In 1862 the Confederate gov
ernment as one evidenco of absolute
severance from the United States, do
ci(ed on a new flag. TWa was the
Southern cross, finally adopt l1 by the
Confederate Congress in 186 , and fa
vored by General Beauregard. It was
first, however, General Joseph E. John
ston's battle-flag, he having selected the
blue spangled s.tltier ulpon a red field as
his battle ensign. It did not pleaso the
Richmuoud Ixaniner, in which it was
described as a ''red iel(d bestraddled with
a long-legged white cross." Probably
the confusiotl of the Rebel and Union
colors at. the first battle of Manassas led
to giving up the ''stars and bars" by the
forner.
Ont looking over the flags in the war
building I find most of the Confederate
flags of the Southern Cross devico--red
field and blue cross having thirteen
stars. Now and then one shows but
eleven stars, or eight. One has fifteen
stars. A printed catalogue of these flags
when they were on exhibition in the
ordnance nlusetun gives the numbe'
placed there at 510. The history of SIt)
in this catalogue is brief and ends the
list. ''No. 510--ihebel battle flag,
brought from Rielunoud by Master TatI
Lincoln.' I'resident Lincoln's young'st
son was a lad of twelve years when Ie
went with his father on the mnicnorable
visit to City Point, where General Grant
had his headquarters.
The ordinanco museum remains in
\Vindsor's Ibuilding. Will the flags be
returned there, and placed where the
public may see them again? I am told
that some time ago the secretary of war,
then General Belknap, wished to have
the Confederate flags sent to \Vest
Point and put in the museum there.
Strong objection was liadeon the ground
that this would tend to keep alive un
pleasant feelings between the cadets
from the two sections, in exultation on
the one 5i111e and regret. On the other.
Adjuttfltt Getaral 'i'townrsendt eoitended
that th lie roper place ftr the Ilags wats
here in the war departinent building.
To return ti hem to the bouth 1 would, he
declared, whe"n that suggestion once
came up, be a direct recognition of the
rights of the rebellious orginizations.
'.enatouria l ,rrowt .
Perhap:tls neer'1 bl re in th hilis rty (of
Ii. l'nited St1ate4 I:ve So inaly . 'ittil
tatte : 11:)()r) (el .14 1tt n i t anlxious
benchi.
W hu:n thlie S t:ttt m.eet:; nex I)ecmtlu
it will liv a : ( leibir 1n.alIlly full tl
(conteist s.
legislatur' u hieh ch eted hhnu w'as not prop)1
erly org dd.
'fenI( ts rI h-ar , li: (l di't rli a, ll h-ti:ttu
i4twytl' ( :1' -t((1 wa u1ed t ll'.,pnw r i t
Seintotr Faulku r, t W'sliit irg,iil, l1
been refusedl at certili(- l: f t le (ction h \
(lovernor 'ilsoni , wi t enldtt sl( thatt ti
leis h:tturc h:atl tlo rIiht to elc! it a ienatol
It its (c lled h'S I'n.
Ien t Ir Pa 'tI, fI i F l , ll :' : t ) l lti
a :iwt:\ i h1 is tith-. 'Te t bi is:i tl l e' l it i
hl'el edIc (i 1h11 , it i. inimi It, 1a nlot ttrgan
i7.x1d tl t1 I( w \\ t ' i c ot'Ir i1t ittll pr1)e
S il:e I. 11 thlis h lw I ll Ilte prU i(lti
ings 4f!t ht l hgi-latur1 , 1111 h i itt! el1 ltt l'l
llttin of ', -nator', \w i t b 'ilitec , . 'tn ll t
I'ts( cani :illord t tii Isl ( : -\y, fo> sll)n l(I I
n(tw lection ht requ(iredI bty re ah(n (If a
Ie( h nicIlit tllh ir is i dhub hit he wot iiti
In: (lt ,(11 :n:iICi '11 . 4 1 '' ilI ll
In the \Vt tV irg ini: (k ,, i iI 14:1i qu
tion I ' tw ln t'v" 1I )ll>aral," n IIna 'tr lu
('1, w holl)' :I. w 11up tllllws p 1i t the ( ,,v. "t.erner
a-lte i he ill on :nn I' 'Iini' s dead'3 i lock in till
Ilit ''lld tt. I' tpe ill 14esli n ofICI. the leg isi,
<pie's tti' 4. lll .y wi lc 'n1.in, e(si cl( l y1
in ti 144- i 1h r cont.t Cha isl ii h-- ui 11.'i ovi1 r
vinat or T/urpiC's elsion. 'W Ifojctinh
tour ',e ar s who(4''. li lles will:11 be goetil
t1i ied, tlile hii nuiltI~ i w ill4 tives coat r
of the Sin inate by a th-:i inojoity 11 w h:?.Ci
eei IICI ilb iX'r I hihe'er'.'C do for a'(C Iilt
()ttil thr iLil \tvery'pll bali y tha in h(ey1
n il al be' 'ik 114 iled eve t. Te eate
ini Ih cont tl. in t is as te lo us)e etlc
ira l ly l)o(,:ii i e l ti( of r little O in u the
Indina ad~t 'lifornia coute is, which an.1
it nly onie invlin i diticnt jalui3'
Th1 e, ent'e is thentortai, hihi.r t're t,
Ilinti t lb.pubyar tere w buirts ib
Ienato5 li 11 i ede astitan I unk sng quan.
ih-trs ilt-rl ofin ~)OCth l pulicanmit le .,r
ainOle, ( I tI'( v a e lyt' itt? lin ui27 th 'lh.
ti>imoca , thu'lli mkin tif sin'lerah fa tie.
wt tnoC vll~io rt 1 Seast a dureitdinl
bire1titi tcat ring4'55' (I tpero pr
sent ye'ar swil t?Ihiat 'l>IcOXder itheC
wos nthf ie, andh3 4111 31141 thit hirebC
coin Text.fo c .huts theiit' herst ilth
ligh flo.i:ie. (VThInt A roporti of ince
diariim tn the uhis: Ie~itk ant peri cnt.
life is a roug ill wntnt"g friii. <b> nt
Oloi m ove mberrhetptseiheeo.
TIIE GROWTII OF TILE SOUTH.
A MOST ENCOUtAGINO EXHIBIT OF
IN)UST1IAL PROGRESS.
What H1as Boon Done in the Southern
States in Three Months--Some Statistic
That Show No Sign of Palsy.
The Chattanooga Tradesman, at Chat
tanooga, has compiled by States a report
of the loading new industries and rail
road companies organized and projected
during the three months ending Juno
30. The miscellaneous industries re
ported in each State consist partly of
land improvement and development
companlies.
ALABAMA.
Agricultural implomont factories 8,
brick works 31, breweries 2, car works 5,
cigar and tobacco factories 4, cement
works 2, cotton mills 10, compresses 4,
car wheel works 1, engino works 3, elec
tric light works 5, elevators 5, furnaces
15, foundries and machine shops 17,
flour mills 3, fortilizer factory 1, grist
mills 1, joe factories U, locomotive works
1, mines and quarries 19, natural gas,
oil and asphalt 11, oil mills 1, pipo
works 2, rolling mills 8, railroads 13,
steel plants 2, street railways 10, shoe
factories 1, water works G, wood working
establishments 47, miscellaneous 40.
FLOIlDA.
Brick and tile works 1, cigar factories
1, cotton factories 2, compresses 1, elec
tric light works 4, fortilier factories 2,
flour mills 1, mines and quarries 4, rail
roads 14, rice mills 1, saw mills 17, street
railways 2, water works 4, miscellane
ous 7.
OEOnIIA.
Agricultural implomont works 6, brick
works 11, bridge works 1, car shops 2,
compresses 6, cotton and woollen mills
12, electric light works 4, foundries and
machine shops 1, furnaces 4, fertilizer
works 6, flour mills 1, gas works 5, grist
mills 1, ice factories 2, limo and cement
works 5, mines and quarries 22, oil mills
5, railroads 9, rolling mills 1, street rail
ways 15, water works 7, wood works 41,
miscellaneous 32.
TENNESSEE.
Agricultural implement works 2, brick
works 12, cigar and tobacco factories 2,
cotton and woollen mills 3, electric light
works 5, foundries and machine shops
11, furnaces 7, flour mills 6, gas works.
5, grist mills 2, ice factories G, lime and,
cement works 1, mines and quarries 33,
natural gas and oil companies 17, oil
mills 2, railroads 14, rolling mills 1, steel
works 1, street railways 15, smelters 2,
wire works 4, water works U, wood works
49, miscellaneous 35.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Brick works 5, cotton factories 6,
cigar and tobacco factories 13, electrio
light works 2, fertilizer works 2, flour
mills 5, grist mills 7, ice factories 4,
mines 17, oil mills 3, railroads 4, street
railways 3, water works 1, wood works
20, miscelleneous 6.
soUTn CAnOINA.
Brick works 3, cotton mills 13, electric
light works 1, fertilizer works 1, flour
mills 1, gas works 1, mines 5, oil mills
1, rice mills 1, railroads 2, stamp mills
J, tobacco factories 1, water works 4,
wood works 9, miscellaneous 5.
VitIINIA.
Agricultural implement factories 1,
brick works 1, birikge works 1, cigar and
tobacco factories 3, compressos 1, cotton
and woollen mills 4, distilleries 1, elec
tric light works 5, flour mills 6, furnaces
1, foundrier and machine works 1, gas
works 4, mines and quarries 36, natural
gas and oil companies 2, pottorios 1,
railroads 16, rolling mills 2, steol works
2, street railways 7, water works 7, wood
working establishments 0, miscellaneous
Brick wvorks 2, car shops 3, cotton
factories 4, compresses '1, distilleries 1,
foundries and machine shops 5, ilour
mills 7, furnaces 2, gas works 1, grist
mills I, ice factories 8, lime and cement
works 1, mines andl quarries 37, oil mills
8, railroads 20, rollhng mills I, stamp
mmills and smelter 10, street railways 5,
water wvorks 1, woodl working establish
imonts 23, niiscellaneous 16.
Brick yards 2, car shops I, cigar and
tobaicco) factories 1, distilleries 3, electric
Iightd works I, flour mills 8, foundries
anid macino shops :1, gas wo>rks 1, minos
and quinarries 12, natural gas and oiL
comnpmnies 21, oil mills 3, railroads 4,
street railways 21, water works 1, wiro
works I , woollen and cotton mills 2,
woodii working cutablishmnents 30, miscel
laneous 20.
hoU11s1 ANA.
Cottoni mills I, compresses 1, distilfo
ries 3, eugine wyorks 2, flour and grist
mnills I, foundries and machine shops 2,
turnaces I, ice factories 2, reines and
<luarrie~s 41, natural gas and petroleum 2,
oil mills 3, rico mills 5, railroads 4, sugar
imills 4, street railwvays 1, wood working
establishmnents 10, miscellaneou 8.
'rEixas.
Cotoni aind woollen mills 10, car wheel
works 1, compresses 1, car shops 1, elec
tric light works 14, engine works i,
fo,IIndries and machine shops 12, i'um
i.s 18, gas works 3, grist mills I, ice'
factories 7, locomotive works 1. mines.
and quarries 20, natural gas and oil
coumpanies 1, oil mills 5, radlroads 15,
street railways t;, smelters 2, water works
I 1, wire wvorks I, wood working estaub
lishmments 15, miscellaneous 28.
wuuSTj Vi'%,dNIA.
Brick worke 1, ca.r shops 1, cottoni Iel
woollen ruills 1, distilleries 1, foundries
and n achrinv, shops 3, flour mills 2,
inios and .juarries 13, nmatuural oil amid
gas companmes 3, oil miills 1, piottories 1,
-Pipe wvorks I, railroads 7, streeot rail
roadls 1, water works 2, wood( working
establlishmenlts 10, miscellaneous 6.
All of the best makes. $25 cash and
balanco November 1, at spot cash prices
(on a J'ianxo. $10 cash and balance No
vember 1, at spot cash pricos on anm
Organ. D)elivered, freight free, at your
nearest depot. Fifteen days test trial
and freight both ways if not satisfactory.
Write for circumlars.
N. WV. TRUMP,
* Columbia, 5. 0,