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12 ~ ~.j V01 XVI. IJCK ENS, s., t'., T'IU R~SIAY, IIAIC h1 TIjE SINS OF TIE SENA'TE." SENATOlt YOUMIANS'S 1I.J01DEIt TO4 CAPTAIN TII.LMAN. A teview of the (hrgcs of M/ulatmf InIsI tration in Our State Gover,unont--Tho Board of Agriculture, Etc., Etc. (From the News and Courier.) In my article of the 8th ult. I pictured in their own paint several of the fault-finders with the conservative course of the Son ate during its last session, who, .when held up to their own and the observation of the public, were so shocked to see themselves as other people saw them that they sought shelter by attempting to convince the public that their short comings were nothing but my abuse. Strange mode of abuse this, merely to cull from one's own words and expies t sionsl Save through the generous cx ercise of the advantage of a few gallant and impartial head-lines, Capt. Tillman has thus far been the only one to reply. He says that "there is an old :,ayiug that it is the dog who is hit that howls," and 'only the truth hurts." If Capt. Till man is correct, then must not this bo the reason why "his dislike to trelass ally more on the patience of your readers is 4 overcome by the necessity of replying to the letter of Col. L. W. toumauns?" He evidences the it.ality of his movement by calling attention to the "comnmunica tions which have from time to time ap peared'in your columns." Ti is citation only proves, perhapr, that Tillnan dic tation and the sweet assurances of get ting in on the home stretch may be more potent in certain quarters than, it is be lieved by one of your correspondents, 4 will be his letters to prominent followers in Chester, urging them to critiei:se antl condemn Senator Patterson for not voting to turn out the present hoard of agriculture merely to allow Cipt. Till man and his ctew a chance to get into the public cheese ond become tax-eaters. Capt. Tillman raised the cry of catch thief against the preseit hoard, and then nominated himself for one of their ; tte cessors; but the postponemtst by tine Senate of the bill to reorg.nize the board, to use his own cxprrs. ino, will compel him to caterwaul on the otsile for at least one year more before he be conies a tax-eater, however s vere aul distasteful it may be to a poer falrmor who has to stint. He will it,! like the startling cry, ''I can't g t ot. I ceni get out!" But, like the di.:uppoinuted office-seeker, 'I. can't get in!i J t1 i tI in!'' Capt. Tillnan lcamie so trantic on the war-path that, in his dii t tah! my scalp, he firit aid i hs! . poured forth a regular bioadsilo t a ments, and afterwar is defen:d hiims It by admitting nearly all t them. -\ least ho only positively denied tho truth of one, and afterwards athuittel in sub stance the correctness of that. statem'nt, ''that he was self-confessedly a tnierable failure in the management of his own farm." lie intimates that 1. lied L great. deal of brass, and that my head was addled by the commis:ionc s good liquor, because I considered his cl:rges against the conmicssioner and hoard of agriculture ''reckless amnt falacious." And supposing that lie wtali lts large in the eyes of every one ehe as he is in his own, he intimates that in speiking of the disciples of IIenry (George I could not possibly have referenee to aty one else but himself. One \ Io is ro mtodest as to assume the chnmpiouslip of the rights and interests of three-foarths of our citizens, and to caution our United States Senators that they 4 n,.st study in the '"Tillman Catechism" it othiey desire to hold their seats, should not lie so ignorant. Had Capt. Tillmum n !ait all posted on the current to[iesi of tIhe day, he would have known tui lie was not the man who said lie agreed with Henry George as far as 1h( couIld1 in hs defence of the masses against the classes. As to my statement (which he positively denies) ''that he is self-confessedly a miserable failure in the managemient of his own farm," I shall draw tho record on him. Capt. Tillman's letter, F?ebruary 2, 1887: "'But there is nothing but cheek, brazen aLnd uinblushing, in his, further assertion that I am self-conft ssedly ai miserable failure in thme managenment of my own farm. I have never naude any such conicssion, and have only said I did not feel competent to teach others, and that after sev'enteen years' hard study I did not know how to farm.'' Capt. Tillmani's speechI, April 2l), 1886: "Trlhese farmers cry in pitiful chorus 'We can't get out! we ean't1 get out.!' I have beeun in that Hastile imyself. I[ have felt the wvaters rising higher and higher, and looked forwa'rd wit.hout hopo1( as failure atfte'r failure in the cattin er:op left nothing with which to (een pay in terest. I had to sell somue land. I claim no inspiration butt conmnon m usc, andl that has been burnt into( mie hy get ting in debt, renting to negroes, and moak ing cotton on bought, footd for hores awl1 hands. I ttill do not kniow how to Itarm." "'Oh, what a tangled webi we weave When first we pracetico to deceive." Will the Captain i,till deny his confes sion of failure? If so, then w~hio or what & was it that dlid fail? \Vas it thle ( ivern ment, the hoard of agriculture oc' the' Senate? Or was it the extravagant, im becile aiid incompetenit cotton (rolp ti at clouded itself in cuttle fish (lye m(l woulld not gr(' V, regardless of the fat , that the poor tfarmner had to stint a. td .could not (WveA paLy interest? .i appl al to the reaso~n of the public it a mii ni whose cottoni crop failed yea(r after y my so thai lhe could not ((vein pay in'.erest anld (lees not yet kntow how to farma should beC placed on the State board of agriculture? I[s such aL manVt a propgr personageg to com;uissioni to travel im (ifher Sttes withoni limit as to the exptenditure oh public floda to inlvestigato thie p)ractical operations f atgricultutral colleges? The Bible tells us that lhe who( wias faithful over a few things wns ttudo ruler over many; but neither lloLy Writ nior even reason or commuon sense' tills us thtat a -man who has failed ill the manaitgenit of his own planting and does itt know how to farm should be placedl ot"' w agricultural itorest of the I'itate. Coni fessing the beam in his own eye, lhe at tacks the mote in the eye of tie Govern ment, and playing "leap frog" over his' .own admissions otf extravagarne and in competence ropoatedly prefers the same charges against the board of agriculturo. Let us investigate the operations of this board and ascertain whether my brass and the commissioner's good liquor have most disqualified me, or his signal suc cess as a farmer has best qualified him to sit in judgment on the merits of the board. (Just here, as an act of simple justico to Col. Butler, let me say that I neither drank any of his liquor nor did I take a drink with him during my stay in Columbia.) The board of agriculture comprises a membership of five. One of these posi tions was filled for two years by Gov ernor Hlagood and four years by Gov ernor Thompson. Charges of the nature preferred by Capt. Tillman will not hold good against this fifth of the board in the eyes of the pu,blic. Col. J. N. Lips comb, for four years secretary of State and m"tster of the State Grange, is another member of the board. Who are the lest judges of Col. Lipscomb's fit ness for ofilca, the people of South Caro lina, who have twice endorsed him for the responsible position of secretary of State, and the farmers, who 'have unin torruptedly chosen him for chiof of their Order, or those who are miserabl fail ures in their own avocation? A third membership has been filled by Col. ). P. Duncan. I can point to no more conclusive evidenco of his fitness and capacity for the position than the fact that he has been repeatedly choseii by the most progressive and intelligent farmers and mechanics for president of the Agricultural and Mechanical Society of the State. W. 1). Johnson, a large and successful planter, who was a chan cellor under the old regime, is a fourth member, and Mr. A. S. ,J. Perry, a mner chant, is the fifth and last member of thi' board. To Mr. Perry's energy and cnterprise the State is in(lebted to a large extent for basing the estimate of thu. royalty p)aid by the Coosaw Company tn crudo rock instead of dried rock, a measure which resulted in the recovery of w, Jt.14 for tL.o State and an al!lmal in rease in its revenue of $5,Otx). The )l1ratious of the board of agriculture w(re mllde nil object of scru.tiny by the '1tnotn' Cau(cus of the Legisiatiure inl I)ec,ber, h8, which w,IIM SO micro 'oi in ts ideas of retreuSlnlum nt as to ' lulbed l ''three for a <pu.rtel." This iivemt bgation was conlhteted 1) lepre ,entative P<>Jp, the recognized leader of })e eco.ioie wing of the Ilouse, and or the intorm1ationl of the public, and ,at a certaiu part-y may be struck with tuot.her ''r.aizaton of his own errors uid the error.. of those aronnd him,'' I ;ill I t' a ryno'" i, i.f the report as iven n .: the Ne.v an d Courier Decem "' . .opl presented an elaborate , icl rep)ort, fully endorsing the etIut o 1. nenulourc, tad stating that yi m ernce w itl the burect at- this t11neC we: oni be unwt' e; anld ilinudicious. A lon; di iiension feioWed. ];crybody utlorsed the bureau.'' Stinulated, no ioubt, by the ctitieismls of CV.pt. Till nan, to the elleet that the. board of agri miture was spending lots of money in lawyers' fees, when we had an attorney enerad with a big salary to attend to mch matters, 1r. (i. W. Shell, of 1 au Cri, m11troduced a reso lution in the "pril (nvention, which. the News and onrier considered ''Capt. Till mniul 's o;nvention all the way throu"lt' ap inting a (miuit tee of three to investi ;ate the charges. MCessrs. Shell, .1)argan and I Davis were lppointed on the committee to obtain he desird ianformation. The commit ce, by way of a report, introduced Col. b. A. liansom, who would explin the matter fully to the Convention. At the .loso of Col. 1iansom's statement, which le Columbia correspondent of the News and Courier said was very clear mid exp)liCelt. "'Senator Talbert moved ~hat the report of the agricultural bureau 11 received as entirety satisfactory to his Convention. Mr. Dlargan mnoved to onend b,y retuurninig the thanks of thme ionvention to Mr. Ransom for his plain md explicit statement. 1He wasi gl.ad to geo that the bureau had the judgment to retam in its service so leveI-headed an >)flicor. Adoipted amidst applause." In view of charges of extravagance and namladministration against thle State Lovernment specifically made by Capt. I'ilhuian, Mr. Prince, of Anderson, in troiduced in thle same Convent ion a reso lution providing for a commnitte'e of ten to exainie the b,ooks and oliecs of the soveial State departments. This resolu tion was referred to thme committee on resolutions, anmi was reported back with the following comment by the said comn mnittee: '"Tho committee on rules and( resolutions boe: leave to rep)ort, that they have carefully conzsidered the resolution summitted by Mr. Prnince ini reference to the aplpointment of a committe'e to ini vestigate and report in reference to State oflicors, an : refletionis On said oflicers for extratvaganieo and nmaladmiin istrationi, and we are satisfied that said rep)ort or rep)orts are unfounded and uin warranited1, and we respectfully recomt mendl that said committee be not api pointed. 'Thie rep)ort of the committee was adopted without dissent, thus tabling te resolution." We thuns see miy braiss endtorsedl and Capt. Tillmnani's charges reinted amid aipplaiuse and b)y the unani mous11 v'oice of his ownt Convention. Capt. TIillmanu says I have failed to Ipit out ini what way thme farmers are becu ifted b y the bo ardl of agriculture, aind do not show where thme $17,000) they have spent has gone, andl cannot show anyvit aderiate resultl of its expenditure. I have just replied to Capt. Tilbanan in Ih. lanoguig( of is own Conven t ion. will now reply to himu in his owni lan gu age. Ina sectio n ''8' of a series (of teSOhitlions5 i intoduced inito the April Conven,itioni, and knownm as the Tlillman e.Co(lnilo01s, hie stih- the dloulinitg of thme lbe-ne tax en forblizers, whiich would naeknx the tax titty ('ent; ins tead of twven ty-Ii ve, nsI it is hw, "a1 naall11, indir-et tax oni guanoes, which farmers w~-ill willI mngly pay to1 lio guiaranmteed against fraud." Tihe board of agriculturo is giving that very guaranty to the farmers to-day, at twentyfve cents per ton. It woeuld require a very advaniccd logiciain t think, to put any other constructioni on this language of [Capt. Tilhnan than that the board is rendering a service t.o tie farmers for half the price Capt. T'ill nium says they arc willing to pay Ti' services of the.board, however, are not cozlmedti ti a o ltiuar but amog comimon as citizens, resulting from the expenditutro of this #170,000,nmay be enumerated the following: First. The purchase, on behalf of the State, of Agricultural Hall, the lot upon which it is situated, and its equipients, i nchd ing its chemical laboratory, &e., v ,lucd at $35,000. second. -Tho change in thm manner of assessing the royalty paid by the Coosaw Oompany, resulting, as I have previously mentioned, inl the re covering of $4,983.46 and an annual in crease of the public income of $5,000. The estimate of the amount to date de rived as the results of this enterpriso on the part of the board would bo inl round numbers about $20,000. Third. The in. auguration and conduct of litigation which has resulted in the recovery in our Courts of 5,000 acres of aund in the heart of the phosphate territory, valued at $:~0,000, tnd the recovery of a jnig ment against the Paei(ie (uano (om pany for past due royalty of .;:;,571. I. Fourth. Under the auspices of t r ent board the royalty paid the jtate during the seven years of its super.'ision has been increased from .it0,7-i, the aggregate paid for the seven years jut previous to the establishment of the dt partment of agriculture, to $980,569, an increase of $639,82-3 in favor of the pres ent board, and collected without any ex pense whatever to the public treasury. Fifth. I will merely allude to its conduct of the pub)lic interest in fish and fishe ries; to its attompts to encourago immi gration; to the magnificent hanabook which it has compiled, printed and dis tributed, setting forth the adivantages, resources, &c., of the State; to its ser vices at the different expositions; to its experiments, its correspondence, publi cation and distribution of seed. The work of this department has been fully commensurate with what might have been expected from the distinguished meZi who have conducted it. ('apt. Till man and his allies have proposed Governor iagood and Col. Duncan for members of the new board, and Chan cellor Johnston was selected by them ts 1 a member of the traveling committee, to mnvestigato agricultural colleges in other 1 States. Thus we see them endorsing three of the members of this very board 1 which they charge with extravig antce and mcompeteuce. They den unce 1 Prof. 1McBryde's expterinental fa m ina Columbia as a farce, anud, withl their usual con8sisteney, some of tlen arei ! l urging him for director of those provid ed for by the I egislature at its la:4 :- I t sion. Capt. Tilluan thinks the Legis. r lature should laave been governed on ell ' agricultural questions by hi: (ouven- ( tions. )utring his Novctmber Conve-.. t tion there were sev,.ral thousand farmers I in Columbia, notwithstanding whicb fact, the attendan,+ on his (-'onv; lalion n was very slim. ('apt. Tilliau acknowl. ( edging Saimself to be the only ren eseu t tative from his Cmgreaional (litrict, who represcnted the farmuers---?e 1 e . I l who Ve ro in his Coivention, (r !me i several thou said w ho were plrcl ut an l' took no notice of it? As to the sius of the Sen ate, I ha I bod t passed the cxperimttental staatiol bail!, 1 h'e bill to tax cotton seed meal and the bill to repeal the lien law, three ineasurer; recommended by Capt. Tiluuan's Con vention and merely postponed action on the bill to reorganize the department of i agriculture until the next session. Tlus we see the Senate really rejected none of their proposed measures, while t <' house pa.'ed two of their bills--te ex- I perimental stattion b)ill amnd the bill to r reorganize the departtentt of agricaul- t ture. ].t rejected three of tlirit nu-at ures outright--the joint resolution cal I- I ing a Constitutional Convention, the bill I to tax cotton seed meal, and the bill to t repeal the lien law. Under these cir- 1 cumstances the question might be asked c with propriety which of these two bodies r conformed most to the requirement:s of Capt. T1illmn and his followers, te "FI~arne r House" or the ''Sinful Senate." I can onlly atccounIt for the i4lence(14 with wich they hlave treated thle slatughteru (It their p)et measures ini the House54, and(1 the ''hue and cry"' thley hlave rab-ed ovi r thce mere p)ostp)onemenlt of one (If their mleasures by the Senate, uponl I the ground thatt the mneasure polstponed was the only one0 whlich op)eued upI an avenue to the4 po4sition1 of "'t.ax-eater."' Mr. Tillman asks if 1 hiave forgoctten that seome years ago both the Ag;ricaul- K tural Society and the State O range passed resolutions urging the Liegisla ture to a.bolishi the lien law, wich, au( cording to CIapt. T1iIluan, is my "'pu. aversion'" and hcis "'damnable lh-cu law " and expllained the iioneonformiity of I lme Legislature to this requiemlenlt of the twvo organizations in1 tihe following' huI. guage: ''Had either or b)oth oIf these tr ganizations repreisenited aniy considerable contingent of our agricultural popu111La tionm; had there been fower- 14ohtic itnst among them anid more i-eal honest farm ers, there would have been imoro n hdd pid to thueirt w%ishles." '' etweeni the cap)rice of fortimeit, the1 ' "Ftame House c1c anct the "S'~infuli Semite," the ircom (tc mienldatins of (Capt. TIIiiaan's ( ounven tions were shownc very lit tlce <pIIArtr I P'erhapslI by striking~ out thce w ordi "organcL1izat ions"and Iin lst ting inl hien t'heeof te t ellword thavetio~cn the IclinId lead thme hciindc bo(th fall ini thec dlitchu. How, theni, c'an a nin~ W h(4 dtoes not kniow how toI farum lecad thle tfarmerlS (of the State? Shoauldl some~ 'f (:at. .Tillman's1t pIropositions hie adoptecid, tin fa'rmiers wou(hIc 0(o1n pray1 to i, l ldveredi fromt their friemb,. I ahid41 to th c doul)ing ofI the 11* royity (4n rive roc 144 anid thme li(ceni tax\lO .neasure whiebii would utIimaiativ n4 (alt inI the i1cras 1 (of the talx exeht ict y ((4 id by' farmer414I from $2,t)00 to. I1;>u,(0t0, w hich as4 a1 it indhiret tax, Capc. TIilba 111 ay~t' , (he farmiers wo ld 4 hav to pay.cc, Ho( f1r 4si ailhlest to thec licehn>e iax, till,b IIIchc4y woul. not1c~ fee jcl it t v.11uM tc 1i I fraternity, wiceh cc> Iciren to focbIb, . chuildiren, who V01 won! nti fee th v,omn 4cIl unless54 tihey ciaw' the h! 1d. In cnehi I ion, tihe farmeciri have '44Ii 't 4 ;141nocu o1 lomph4liiint againsltt t'e t'l.lstturI: T.hie appl)icaion (If thce licittnc tatx e x'ht cively palidl by llarmersO to genetrali Stat t p)urpIosies, ando thait onl co ttcn and Itlipro visions in thec hands4 (If Laamers. Thliee two griev~ances(4, I have noc doubt1), the( Legislature will coIrrec(t at its niext 8cU ' si(on. L. W. Y(ou.MAs Sanders, S. C., M'.archi 1, 1887. 'The iarher's ciiren are4 littleI shviis;4 (T thce uphlsi4trrr's are( little taickeus; thec bIutche's are4 you11ng Imbul c; the catrpenter's I ae chips fromt thec oid block; anud the an1;p y man's aire hittl Det.. 11l)V 'T'0 1)0 'Av1\t- O.iI l'V 'PtIII si: ~~ to : e"!i.nn of InHf eI'''1. f.ylt anl Anutltori ttiva "urrt. ( ' 1. Jnns ii I11" ; uttl -n ('utilvator.) Aftt r the\ wiater's sleep, typical of death 1th r'surrectii of springis about to bt:i. lhe sun, rising higher and ligh r H i le iealven', is pouring down his ru' lre dlirectly upon the earth, "Ii"' II tIlraCe, andt waking plants eIn t v.-inter bleep. .inu, no lcss tha; t: ianiinlll.;ate objects a'oinl hllm, fP'k.1 li n. t li1 i1 ll ei iutl is ill Ioi' i i ) ]la 'lti t' tgr oun'l andti do his p un ii ieclothlint; the earth with verd ur-. I i) )ly are th ct who can place them :i complete harmony with natutr<, to never wast4' their strength Lu une(ual contest with her inexorable laws. On' of the lcadin1 objects of the Unitivtor is to ('tab)lii and preserve tis i' nO letween its readers and the alt orld in vihe1 they live, to en ble tl: hn t) sci tow cold An'd heat, rain ul n'1inshi'ir, earth and air, when right ly I.'dood, may all be conducive to ni n'p v: f;r'; how co.operation with th flrc of naiuro icay lighten his lahr. ;:iu nrea o their productiveness, tvhil:t anlltat;itIni wii them not only iturcals", in tlti" , btt, renders them ltllll't(UiRti\ve and fruitless. Nov the thret leading features of natu('re whicl confrolt the farmer this noh11 aire a Iow teitperature, compact hg r(1ins and1l high wind. Whatever he )ltutrscr pl r'par>; ;h..t, lie must have ticonst:tmt eye to t IiCa three things. Vi rst, a to eilt. Set need heat t) itle I em g'rnt)natt'. Where will they intd the lmost of it, 1t ar the surfae or it greater depth? If a cold body is )laced I blfort' a I re, v. hic'h becomes warm :OIne,1' its outer sulrf:('c or its ilnterior? Is nit the heat to tn"vel through its urface before it can reii h its interior? S it In>t I)trfectly; (Il?t then t.lat the r ilhe irst t. iectOmu' hec(ted? tiw\ at thel 'ndi I, wi t r, the cathl isi to t' rit'rd d a41 ies a t i Ii dy. As long as he ni.t.' ( twmt' ll( uldys in length, he (111ri S was binti me heaut than it ('ceived; in of hei1r word. growing colder. t tle si1 C'l)l'n n1oit-.wa'd an11d the tv hecoie longer, tih sun not only brows moIe heat uIpo1 the etarth, but lojects the hint more perpendicularly I)l)Il its -urfaet, so that loss of the heat ;u( cilY or is reect,1 from its sur ice, attt more of it is it>sorlbCed or goes Swlt: ii. 'lie earth, eii, iln spring, 1 h itlat.ien to tlm t#, is like a cold > 'y itnlt I b:for it ire. Its suirhtee first w vlmlt w1 aetltd 1and41l1 ai a:\' rd;i the heat to1' (raitt' liet r and 'or. Whatt is hII.? TJhait in tarly ,.antint , soeil lull( not het bulriied cf'J in1 the soil. )n t'el ctrlary, that they shold be a1itd jist, at ntear the surflce as the re peii(' 111(,ist Ue ('anl he ecured. A'ain, ' it is desirl le Ib1tht 1eed conC ip Irt)i ily whle pitel, les comu )acting. tins aitl 1btaki:z w inds crust the 'u! lt ver theml itnl Jd dI' thlm down, mec should always nw 1et:in miait Iheo tem wra tulrs itt wiibi tilk-rt'nt t"etds will ;ertii attt. .\ talh of1 tite Il)iwi : .;t\crilz tempera'ituretsF at, \u hieb .0111 o1 our Com.. 1ot1 ltivated Iph nts viil germiniate is >resteidtctl. ITese ligtr''s liavo Iben t'arned11 1 from actual c 'rimii s. It is o b4e regretted ftt tt temperature of ermh11imt0ion of others of ou' ('diilnary rop plants, like cotton pIas, c., Can ot be given: tw .sT: A v lltA -. I-'. A T l.'u1 '1' .> l ,.:.. -- \1heat . ....... . . . . -I l degrees, lihly . . . ... . . ardenila..... .. .. .. .. ...... F"rolm the1 abo4tvi we't tay draw~t the fol :>whla conchaelision:i Thait inI lmly giveni tealbiy the averalge'(1) teI.urt for' the1 m> th ; if it is lower thani I~ 1dgrtees it votuld be unlwiseI to iit tih< setd ink the 11rs (If tile airl (elh day (sa at two ('lotk and111 at sunrise , aid( striikes an1 ltosly the averaige tem'lpt'a.ure of tile Ip r h1141 ayer ofi the surfi'ace ;oil. 1 I manly icallit ies tlt' atve'ralg t(enpertures' of . st'rvitionis already 1ma1e Ib1y signal meer andt1 ther 41 ob' A serven . True(1, exple whelt uisttt prtty wIll' setdou t'.;t 1the i'sht I time Iac locatIli tyha 'n avi par lela trop should ite phn;te, bt sera-( in aryi'lt: a44 g ol' desa te avemgeCII rmpaalm' f thge; iiies';e 1r . ii l ltll' 'h 11iny varyul 11-11 for alur de rets In inviable o5lltt fi r phutcaling 'titrd way Iof ituessing14( tha1t "it)L wildo > plant emilt"hit 11wol1ilde bettero to '11rn di itly ain)) l ne rsurfel tIi ah oilfwas wans enougl l to b Cring(r itup rtmpt . tr. alrm' ea ne Are aos ther-it porneterorpthatcorn, they siy, illin pcphyr aeu cis~ wet lar as awayirrel'si the spring, antd a dark soil is dosiralt bucause a dark soil absorbs heat hie1. ci thanr a light-colored one. Noxt to cold1, compacting tains inn drying winds are to le guarded tagainst how? First by keeping the ; oil wel tilled with hunnus. hieavy rains cltn compact a ntew-ground. Second, by no bringing up too much clay to the sur face. If a thin soil, with clay subsoil must be deepened with a turn plow, it should be done very gradually, only n little clay brought up at one time; and it is better if this be done just in advanc< of a small grain, instead of a crop whieli has to be plowed and hoed. For thin, poor soils the scooter (two-horse) is de eidedly preferab)le to the turn-p low. 'The mannuer of covering the sII1 atihets atlso tih- crustiug of the mil abo v Ihem. If thl aual is rolled, or it th twed is e ovied with a b oard---wiicha to ii certain degree compresses the a;oil like a roller-- and is thus left. flat, crusting io much more opt to ensue, tluan if the seed is covered u i a plow and the land left ligh ly ridged. Corn plantcd in a very shallow drill maal covered with a double foot plow, making a very small list or ridge over it, is in better condition to come ulp well than under tiy otier mode of plaiting we know. Opinion is divided as to ta' i dhey vi planitmg corn ina water firrow. TIhe greatest oljec(tion is the filling of the furrow with water after heavy rains and the contse(lcunt baking and hardening of the soil when it dries ofT after water has stood upon it. In a wet spring, it is diflicult to secure a good stand under theso circumstances, and the corn, when quite young, is liable to be drowned out. But these disadvatntages, whicl are ad mittedly great, alt', we think, more than counter-balantced 1 y the great eatse of cultivating the crni. 'tlac stcc essivi ploutghings cover up :tni kill gI-*s wtitlh ease and certainty, aunl at lie same tiie throw dirt to the corn atbout as fkst its it needs it. It rreinirs ptssible also thle exclusive use of the sweep or scrape in the cultivation of the crop, itad this carries with it, almost of necessity, shal low culture, which is a nit ter of the first importatce. l'lanting corn in the water furrow also facilit ates tilt i1, . ui(i.tin of mtltre aroitnl the c0rn1, with- at the necessity of _iding and possibly eutting its roots. Anutht decided uatintage is that the corn is Li ib lc, w il tte suarut flat and le:vel, instt ' t Ib,eing ritit"i. In our dry, hot clnatIe this i tlso ve ry desirable. Whten the iil is thin , tl watter furrow must be corrt"spondiungly shallow; it woull ;:ot be well to i lant corn deep in ttie raw sthsoil. Cireimu stances alte- cases, an?d sound judgent must be exercised about every oeratiot of the farm. The quest 11)11 is oftcn asked, whtf manures are best adapted l corn? .1 (Sotipared with cottn, (itm ntee ds dt!uaa the sin, subsfl tuts , itih t smanty. i increastdlautity of atrtntn. ('u ucce(ssfully attdias a manurt . -eln is b y itselt unsuti ited as a fettilizir fi eotton , and mitr(g is tle PreItinanuu elemet t of cottin s(:1d. . lit e i >eriet-t has shovn thatt cuttui secl it i iprovii as a mnatlitre ft corn liy the addtit iii ol phospatte, slitnti ih flalit corlt dtn's n it naeed quite 1s l;arg' a prpotiou it uil rogcen to p ho -iphariu ntei,d andt polutush atu cotto t sid iontitia,s. A t rictlv coto mttature is 1lso imaprovt-i, whet; 'it, n,tl for (rorn, b y ta ib liti.m ut mor p,b,dl. Iih -' uruaa: 's t'urnuaiht, tor Ina11cc, whicha IS tulhtl td to cuittona on a:a tiatu Iatis, tlw cotto sied muatl haiuin uitiglt be doubled for ctrn tiil thit sataue qluatlity of land. Cow minu tintre ttid ashes have also proved an excellent fcrtili zuer for corn. But experimieut hits not succeeded itas vet inl fixing as deli iii tely the proportiont of iigredheints in a torni m.:un.ire as it ai- in that for cot.ton. Expernimti*fs timde tt the Northt throw emtipattitvt-ly httle light uilist>h corngrwing a tii th Sou th, caop andiin etpin thttii wr, tt i lsl~i ttj tof thei Nortth art is neh gt i . i li riioIni trenuiii- thatho.o iil-t -n til It are :a wit kilig o t for w i l flitrsat haisthrown alti ft ainpOt rio that 1r1p andthtl .itedt ttlntion- rilw n pti on.l i .litv , it is a u o ti - Ir arev, ide t work ii the Il Irn-.r wi th inlow11 a )low it i uy priv ai reryt. iixpth povmcrop atshrtf plitvaor is flan i int ine astchaetr furoanl It is rror orGi les gnidlly (tobect all iv nito lit, it-i d.sie, ins,imalii itrit>oiuols ma pti ted14 iicheyko, ii is Iit,.ib-, fit mb-.li t iit as i utivate ai Iropwit th (ttlt ithoul th aid of ithe hoe.itt a - t isoingy or shot g iera i Ihtwhl secrt.s isuc cul'tivtIion, ith I juiious mnsuing, ill iniur cheapi corttn. inii t (iasmuhti as te cornt rph i rnor t orttIi gtle. habl to belut off by('e doughit,ti dsirbet,t in utliig arntingernets fr iii amle~ii iupply if prvisinsutticIe hirger i tril Ioi tis lm r Li iThe)e itLti wui tai ;,Il itl ib-r e ~'eiastcti- itnx ir on twtnhi um iiafs,halofor aleitg pe-auasty tir rin is)'neai ly out, it ixtll as gilt alt s i g ILt i his cis x tei proer l mo th itr t-i drei ssin gral s andtfi gitt. A hti nit no ofai hitda---s : a i't 50 io nd peri acrteIin cominaIltin: Iwtsithpts,t wt i retuti prii oduc au inarkedlchang liu-ii ithei iiai rett sur idieti, ut n lifi ht;wle ahit o itel tnite )sodaji 11uppi, hia-ks.e lhustr ut thu e t:rou a-) xvtittltx-i t; a cation b tuth tho tone lire ydonge hoa?. *IIc ti. %I.tI{VS S,Al) !'A'rISi. The lt t t i.; Story osf a 1.Ittle (iir In a %IIOII Iananily. .1:;teno .t.r:v, UTtah, M1areh t. \ixteen t y ago Sntainuel Bates, a Mor inin, tieti till' lossessor of two vivos, Ann an'ul .lane, the latter being childiess, took Mary Lee, an o11ha11, to bring up accordiing to the rites of the Church of the Latter Dlay aiits. As Ann had many children to comfort her the babe was placed in charge of dane, a devout Mormon, horself born an the faith. Mary Lee's Iarelts wore *ron England. Her mother was a delicate little woman, rem1ietiered by many hero as a tearful I nud unlllappy )ert1o. Times wero hard with themn when they first appeanl 1 here, t ad they grew harder for seine rason. 1 SIst ast her Iitslanl was about Io take a aeiotl wife, evideitly against tlie wishes of the eonlstiiion of his youth, he was killed in at snow slide, and three months aftter thalt his widoow died, some said of a broken heart, leaving little Mary alone iii the world. Samuel Bates was some thin of a man among the Mormons. lie was called lrother Bates. U is first wile was a hard, coarse woman, but .Junm, to whom the little orphan went, w\a teitder, ratler good looking, and Iill;'tl wuitlh a atern and unbendin;g faith int the divimty of her religion, atl )t doe trnnination to ''live' it to the end. The chibil wIicl thus fell to her part )ok of her dead mother's di:position. As she glew to woianhood she bectmo fair to at degree not often seen in these )arts, but in spirit she was gloomy, sad and retieent. Surrounded by Mormons and taught by the pious Jane, she became almlost a fanatic on the subject of ro ligioll herself, and readily accepted all that was instilhl into her inind as the ilal,pintitioln of the b,ordl. Ayea or tw, tt';o \Iary I,to 1 becamue ' acla;tut,ed witht a y Iung; mian living in a -t Illiuini; cull,p not tar fro hiere, a (ien- c tilt, of Cours(', as no Mormon delves for gold anud silver. ll' youth, Seth Hent iy by luabne, ral('y lost an opJpo ttulity 1 to 1t:ay the girl little att(+ntions, :and t t itlenth it 1 . snine the ru1nor that ho was 'tr net 't('(ei lover. She woul stroll I Srway to t4I foot hills tot meet him, of 1 t'viin tlwy v o\til h1 seon Iby the )ntitatti+) 1)nok w\hii witls through 2 ht Itow)., 5I)l (ii hOO t_ afternt oons, f ltI ttiltlt \vI ti;:t i t) It1:d-- wa thle nt.itlter, he1 fol i tlat it wats hi i dutyi to i2ttt tIut't. I4ittle 1 " b' lit l( tl s ind \c)ts5 \\'ll over to ltit uay ofthlii ng (In ugIl at tit she Slt Ito i iitasupeeg lug. ih'nt b'a hw, ttihlon the house, tutl tl2tt ;;tr \\as1 talt thailt sille must l r I n'tn1 g t t 1 h r 1' i ti. h I t n li n oy ta . ." " t. l t h t i o but if utlwns r1the 1.t,' a len I'ttio w a nt ca ll to'n thel mitter11, e 0 f l l it wias hI- d"uglt I I il tiy i w,llasO it' f lo i'i l' til her an t h.e, tllt' 'lt'l w lia ' t ; l th at tsht(' that toi lIt (louu'' Jo 'i t i ,' tttt l 1 11rttt ni\vwl h ilob t il' Ii agi. tio t ' o the iut 0)10 ;tii' ltt oe "'t ti'oagtlV, unLo\ "I to1( 1 t t i i i o t th olte oil ti1(1'(. n v lit xit, no l at t xluit af t lltor, tdis t I i l I t by tt l i c on Io ' tni ts . nit11 'ltitttiiilO l heil)Un'iitt'yi lstt I it iiiii ' t \ o'lto r . iuil when" 11 ( oi 'i , \t ' lrt, ' .( a, i,; .\I ty I, t', Ite-9 ( ht tt itI Ill t l i 'i in 1ltl i lmit h , the t h lir . tl', iii< h u ,g r l he t:thc rd r1tIat11)20 ti Ii a w iI2ith loror but)li~ t10onel hit: li lt l t.i I l l f t bidg bh .' r othlinrte - littto r 1ii 'l i atsi tll 3 t I it trJ ne I n 1t e,;ta in it o,ithir nlhe t wii iti whenl h111 t il'l i nltt ()tobe 'tithe rough bac wt ith't111 h i a . lriton lder nani ni . (hily,-t'eI whll' hcenigy lotry le, be-( N Otu11 htI i m iI 11 i tha t t ould l i ttak o t 111glu breach the ujec't toh heonfte e seoa li i t aftrl hI i is ival The~ il riih.d hu ith horror,;ut pressed .liI hisuit,t~' it legth broughtl ' oterie lieVI-s oin111d ith~iei pro)psWit iSe was as tie ttkl\Onn, bui hrIffctonfo her oste cild go the11 bto tr of) her f\\he I. ie, and 0112 util' te ou~ te p tlteh 'ltle t'aty h;uil ito hng hayin hiarpl 240: otewit. he li ens reiirted to bri VIl' shew toi Isethe ofter ofher tdt lumhar tttot alel iwhoncuie o adh Shu.o t he arth. rher relites a would not permit her to marry the msj of her choice and her womanhood re voltod agr inst the allianoe which, aocord ing to earthly interpretation, tL ee nn power had arranged for her. THE STALWART ANDIDATEe 3herman the Choice for 'resident--SIgf4 cance of HIM Southern Trip. WAEIJUNoTON, March 8.-Senator sher. nan proposes starting on his Southern rip tis afternoon. It is un er-. itood among his close friends that Mr. 3herman contemplates combining busi :ess with pleasuro on this trip. The nitial conference held here during this ianter by prominent Republicans of the talwart faith, with reference to Repub lcan prospects in the next Presidential lection, have resulted in a substantial oncurrenc'e in the opinion that Mr. Sherman is by far the best available Presidential timber for the Republican party. Pennsylvania has always been looked upon1 a1 a Blaine stronghold, but it is said that the Cameron influence will from now be exerted to secure a Sher man delegation to the next Republican National Convention. Now York is also oounted upon for Sherman, and in the Northwest ex-Postmaster-General Hatton nd the clique with which he trains are o look out for Sherman delegates. Of 3ourso Mr. Sherman can have no difticul y in securing the Ohio delegation. When Mr. Sherman was a candidate for he Presidential nomination of 1880, ho tsed his power as Secretary of the 'reasury to "work" the South, and, as vill be remembered, he obtained quite a espectable following in that section. He tad no scruples in appealing to Southern ;ollectors of customs and of internal ovenue to help him out. It is among he traditions of the Treasury Depart nent that upon one occasion ho hinted o Mr. John L. Thomas, the collector of ustoms at Baltimore, that a Sherman elegation from Maryland to the Repub ican convention would be very accepta le, but that Mr. Thomas was too much nctured with Blaineism to take kindly o the suggestion. Now it is said that 1r. Sherman and his friends are of the elief that the seed sown for him in the iouth in 1880 fell upon good ground, nd that this is the time to follow up the ood work. It is reported, therefore, lat on his Southern trip Mr. Sherman -ill take the occasion to lay his wires or Southern delegates to the conven ion of next year. So far as Virginia is oncerned, it is said that Gen. Mahone s thoroughly in sympathy with the herman movement, and will use his in luence for a Sherman dolegation. Col. 'asaday, the sergeant-at-arms of the oenate, and who has long been one of ho most prominent managers and work rs in the Republican party of North (:arolina, has long been devoted to the lolitical fortunes of Mr. Sherman, and o is relied upon to secure the North Carolina delegation. These all think that Mr. Sherinai will strengthen his chances by going South and mixing in with the people, so that other Republi can aspirants for the nomination will watch Mr. Sherman's Southern tour with considerable interest, if not anxiety. Notes of Sout hern l'rogress, W. E. (lilliam i developing a gold nine at Sheppard's, Va. A sa11h, door and blind factory is being rected at Corsicanla, Texas. A gin factory is being built at Corsi aim, Texas. It is reported that S. S. Marshall & tro., of Allegheny City, Pa., will estab sl glass works at Chattanooga, Tenn. A pottery is being erected near Pin ,n, sonn., by Stewart & Alexander. 10It reported that a file factory is to eestabhshedl at Chattanooga, T1enn. It is rumored that a stave and bent 'oud factory will be started at Jellico, A company is being formed to build a reet railroad at J)alton, Ga. Ii. M1. Couch wtill erect a lath and migle mill near Keyser, N. C. .James D). McNeil will build a cotton rin factory, 410 b)y 60 feet, at Fayette lle, N. C. A chair factory will be started near ibsonvillo, N. C., by Clapp & Co. A trunk factory has been started at iinghanm, Ala., by I. C. IBandman & J1. & D). Noble, of Anniston, Ala., have drtlied new mnachinery to double the Lpaeity of their boiler works. A $250,000 stock company is being 'ganizedl at Shelidh, Ala., to establish rolling mill. C. 1. Hlargrovo, of Rtome, Ga., con npllate starting a rope factory. A company has been formed at Cull an, Ala., to build water works, with H. Karter as secretary and William >wer treasuretr. T lie Mississippi Land, Immigration, Lining and Manufacturing Company hasl 3(en organized at Du)irrant, Miss. The ithionzedicaj>il s tock is said to be I,(t00,0. 'The Tlrowbridge Iurni ture Company, ij.ital stock $20,000, lhas been charterc d Atlua, ,Ga., by John Tlrowbridge, enry T. Jrowbridge, Leonard T1. Ken 11 and George WV. Towers. Thle Southern llridge Company, of iringhami, Ala., are putting in new ilchinery anid will add boiler works d( the mianufactumrinig of bolts, nutts, vets, etc. .J. C. (Grooley, of 'Jacksonville, IFla., M1. [yes, S. C. T'homp)soni, Mr. Drew Id others have bIought 6, 000 acres of mioral lands, wvhich they will delolp. Tihe FreceH ery,. A tRo cit. Th'e failure of the l)oflciency App)ro iation bill affects the posted1 service to uis extent. There are 171) plices at hich tihe froo delivery service wvas to ave been established immeutdiate3ly, bt ow nothing ini this dlirecti< n can be (:me0until the beginning of the next scal year, wvheni the regular appropria om will be atvaale. In another item was prop)osed to appror(jiato $ 100),000 enable the Postmaster-General to in ituto a thorough examination of the counts of all fourth class postmasters, iich wotuld have necessitated the ap ilntment of several additional p)ostofllce :pootore. This investigation was ren red necessary because numerous frauds ye been discovered in the accounts of U ~msters whose compensation is do m'Uined. bmy the nutmber of stamps they [here's inore bones to the sqtiare Inch ot ad than. In anything we know of.