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VOL. XV. PICKE{NS, S. C. THURSDAY, MAY G,186NO3. THE FARMERS IN COUNCIL. PROCEEDINGS O THE STATE CONVEN TION IN CULUMDIA. A Large Hody of Good Make-tIp-Ncarly All the Countley liepreseuted-.'~-he Proceedings In Detail. Pursuant to the call heretofore pub liehed, the State Convention of Farmers met in Agricultural Hall, Columbia, on thq 29th nit. Promptly at 12 o'clock the Copvention was called to order by Capt. 1). R. Tillman, of Edgefield, who pro ceeded to deliver an address in substance as follows: - If!L wore much in lovo with myself, this manifestation of approval you have just given me might turn my head and make me egotistical. I hopo to prove before I conclude what I have to say that, while I am a man who entertains positive opinions and am not afraid to express them unequivocally when occasion de " mands, yet still I know who 1 am and what I am. I have been asked to call this convention to order, and stato my views as to the objects to be gained and the proper mode of proceeding to attain what we have in view. In some respects I am thus placed in a peculiar and e1 barrassing situation. There seems to be a current opinion that I am a dynamiter, a conlnmmunist, who stands ready to sub " vert society and overthrow the Demno crhmtic party. The newspapers and the politicians have striven hard to thus pie ture me in the mind of the public. I have been christened the "Morseh," and the name has stuck and will continue to stick. The application was first applied to me in derision by Colonel 1). P. Dun * can, and it was taken Up by the 1ews)a pers, and has constantly been1 connected 4 with me and the movemelt which I c im the honor of having originated. But I am not ashamed to bear the name. My friends even call me Moses. I hope sincerely that I may, if even in the very smallest degree, resenlble the great law giver aid leader of the Egyptians; and if 1 shall be able, like him, to benefit my people-the whole people of the State without regard to any one class--I will feel that I have accomplished my highest * object. This is my mission, and has been since, at Bennettsville last August, I started this movement. Selfish, little men-politiciains nI d editors-have im pugned mynotives, thus seeking to m1 pair my influence and bring me into had odor. I shall neverthieless continue to move onward till I reach my goal. You must reform the farming before you can reform the farmers. There must be auong us more thought, more brain plhosplites. This agitation has already broadened into formidable proportions; it is now a grand reformn movement which will and must triunpllh over all obstacles. The cry is ever heard that if we are not very careful how WO proceed we will injure the I)emocratie party and divide our people. No man man1 in South Carolina is a truer ])emocrat than I am, but if necessary I would not flinch even if our grand reform movement should go intto politics an1d rectify the abuses ill the Demuocrattic caip and wash its dirty linen. It was feared that I woe:d be very violent and coimniuistic .lnd advocate the rending asunder of aP prevailing in stltutions, but all I have o say is, that if every manl in this conve ition is as conl + servative as I am11, 1no class of our citizenls will have any cause to compllain of the actionl of this body. lie had somewhere seen a cartoon which had anmsed himi much, and which haid inrplresse d 0111him1 an implortanlt les son regarding the attitude of the ofhice holders and rulers of the party toward this farmers' mnovemient. It represented a large enclosure of glatss, ini which there' were a numlber of rats, each enjoying a i piece of chleP"c. On the outside wats a c.. endeavoring to get in, and mad at the failure of her efforts to effect an en trance. Benetathi tihe pictiure the legend I ran, ''You Can't (Oet In.'' There were I hungry political cats iln South Carolina 4 who were mad b)ecause -they could not' get into the F"armners' Conventio,n, 1but * the farmers were iniside just now; fori opec thedy held the keys, and1( they ill- I tended to stay in, and as they were inj bl1fyluad better take a nibble at thei cheese, just to see how it tastes. The farmers hlad bteeni so lonig accuus tomled to the( condition of dependence ftii vassalage to tihe unfavorale condi-1 $ions around themi that they hlad reached1 Sa stato where they were' uinwilling to maike an efiort to release tlieiselves or to respond to an effort to secure diehiver anice. lie told the stor'y of Sterune, wVho(, while walking near the Uaistilc ini Paris,1 beard a plaintive cry hike that of a wo moan or chlild, "'I can't get out!" "I1 can't' get out!" His compaission was aroused, anid followinig the sound1( he dliscovere 1 Sthat it proceeded njot from a humlnan prise Onier, but from a caged st arling, and, yield-i inig to the feeling of commluiseraItioni ex- 4 bited by' the cry and the sight oif the 'capItive b)ird, he0 opened thle door of tile cage. The bird hopped from its perch to the open (door, survey'ed the fle11h treeopd eftisn o lic no spigle fre ofere a efge fo tempt it to 'try I * its long mmslIca wings in flight, it~ tflep 1 pygeiid (}fiuulggedl Lauik jeto the e,gge. with the( dthspaiing (try, ''."LIa't got out!" This hais been the condit' thle farmters of tile State, ats hle could tos-j tify from his ownVi experiencee. Made cap)tives by the adverse circtumstanices I wvhii folwLi goeo h wigr, subl-i gted for ten yours to a relenitless systemi < + of brigandage and oppressionl, they) had reaichied a stato from which there was alt- 1 solutely no0 relief butt ini a new system ofi farnmig. Tile cage has been opened for tell years, and( yet the cry of the farmers is< "'wO can1't get out!''anld they seemed iuntili recently' to be wihlg to remain in a con- I lition of montal and political bondage Unless these shackles are broken and hey would use the opportunity to assor heir citizenship and come out into tlh ight and liberty which was :their right le was afraid that when the era of the 'ew South did conmo it would find th< ands of the farmers in the hands o JIlis, and the son1s of the p)resent own rs sunk into a condition of slavery mor bbjct and degraded than that of thl laves which their fathers held. "Say, you men of South Carolina, ~xclaimed Mr. Tilhnan, '"who own th oil and pay three-fourths of the taxes low do you take this system of dry nurs ug, this intolerable insolence?" He urgedl uplon*them to find out what wa he wish of the farmers on this subjec nd then go home, and in the primar' wsemhies aid in securing true men tc epresent them, he cared not what wa ?cir calling, whether lawvyers, doctors )reaohors or what not, so that they were )repnred to do that which was for thI )est interest of the farmers and all othe lasses. What tho farmers wanted waA self ;overnment. Since 1876 the negroc ad been corralled in a convict cali vith the enlocratie party as a guar< >ver them. Whoi guards had sunk inlto e leep sleep, while a favored few had beer oraging the fields and reaping all the )enefits and emoliments. lie earnestl) )rotested his loyalty to the )emocrati >arty, anId said thlat '"no pivate citizei 1nd done or risked more than he had i1 [876." If the reforms advocated by hin vere adopted he believed that the botton vould 1) reached, aid the future wouk w bright with ho1)e and not dark wit< ;loom as now. In the years in wich he lad struggle< :o his l)resenlt positioln as a farmer he ln earned a little about farmin'g, and whe 1 le cm to die lhe would probably hay e larned about as mch as lie might. hav eaired in four yerl's 4 a well cobiedte( tgricult.rimd College. Capt. Tilhnan's address (of which th thove is but an imlerfect synopsis) wit veil received, and was repeatedly u: Iluded. At the close of his address Capt. Till nan declared the Convention ready fo l)11s111eSS. Dr. V. Ii. Timmermnan, of Edgefield toinnated the following-named genth 11en is temporary officers: Chairmian, J L. Tiudall. Vice-Presidents-First I)ieu riet, W. T2. Brooker, Lexington; Seconi District, J. A. Sligh, Newberry; Fourt District, M. L. Donaldson, Greenvillh t?ifthl District, J. Hi. Hardin, Chester 3ixth District, E. L. Stackhouse, Mi cion; Seventh District, George Tuppel Lolleton. Secretaries -0. F. Cheathan Edgefield, and Thomas W. Holloway N ewberry. The Chair appointed Messrs. Tir11nner auan, Stacklouse and Thomas a collit :ce to inform the Clairnian of his elet ion, aund they retired and sooni returnec onducting Mr. Tindall to tie lahLtform. Mr. TindaLll rettrned his thanks in racefnl speech, concluding ats follow.s 'The grandest of all civilizations i hat which is built upon the socii oiuntry life of an intelligent and virtu )us p0le)10. It s1111 be only necessarJ or this intelligent body to announc heir wishes, and there wlil be foun( 10 party in the State who will have th emel(rity to stand in th~any of their enI orcemnent."' A committee on credlentials, consistin fone member from each County, wua Lprointed, to whom it was referred t< aineIUIi credenitials. The committee r.e ired, and the Conv'eutio,n took a reces ill 3 P. M. AFTERINOON 8EsslO1N. On motion, Commissioner A. P. But er and Master ,J. N. Lipscomb of th< state Grange were invited to seats ogi tit1 Iooir of the Convention. Mr. Allen, of Spartanburg, mover hlat Governor Thompson lbe invited t< dadress the Convention. Mr. Evans, o ilhtrfield, opposed the motion andi vais lost. Mr. Williamason, of Sumter, moved t< econlsider. Mr. ~John J. D)argani sug ~estedl a iingI 'vote. [f there'( were 01) ections or charges against the Governo: hey should be made op)euly. Mr. Evans dlisclimed iany reflect'om >n thle Governor, either as ian ofhiia o: is an individmd, Hie simly meanlt tha lie timie of the Con~venutioni should no Je tiaken up withI general speechl-maklinlg The Chalirmnl ruled tihe discussion oui >f order, as the Convention was not1 ye' >rganiized. After ai little furthier debaite a miotiont t( 'ceive thle report of thue Conunittee om Jradentialhs was carieid, and1( this repor1 viis made by Mr. Clark(son, of Richiland. ['li list of dlelegates inc(luided the inmei >f two hunIdred iand sevenity-five per ions-- every County ill ther State be(inl keorgetowni and H1 (rry. Th'le report was adopted anid Jhue temn. >orary organization was madi(e perima ient. UiTr Chirm sai e thought thie ueofiviting (Governor Thompsoi () aiddress the ConvetionIi should (IonIi htesber would maukv g ut. (1nd, 'a to tha Mr. Donaldsoni made [the imotion, 1111 t wats unaniimnously adop )1ted. Mr. Tialbeit offered the~ fo1llowig pre mimblo andi re.sflutions, whiclh were unan mlouIsly uidopt.ed, 48s expressing the gen aral platform of the Conventioni: Whiereas, thie farmiers' movement, ha Jeln stigmatized bly sonmc as antagoniisti, 0 thle miterests of Other professions; ali vhiereas, it has beeni said by others tha~ sud movemienit h4ls for its object th< reaitilig of a nlew p)arty and mnjetinj uito our biody politic false issues, etc. herefore. be it roeolvod First. That we, the meinbers of this l Convention, assert and reassert that our t object is not at all to antagonize the wctl being of any other profession or proks sions whatsoever. Second. That we recognize the right of all citizens to 11011 conventions and consult together for tho good of their respective callings, and claim for our selves only the same right in assembling to-day. Third. 'Tha1 we recognize and realize the fact that our State has good, patriotic and useful men in all avocations of life, and we invoke the aid of all such to as - sist us in advancing the interests of the whole State. 4 4th. '1'hat we solemnly avow our object t is not to create any, new party or to bring about any lissensiols or trouble in the Democratic party, but simnply to unite the farmers of the State for the promo tion and protection of their interests, and to bring about any reforms in the admi mstration of the, State government that r may result advantageously to the tillers of the soil in common with every other - class of citizens in South Carolina and 3 the United States. 5th. That while we are not herd as a I political body to arraign the Stpte adini i nistration or any bra.nch thereof, we t claim the right to discuss any questions in regard thereto wiche may affect our interests as an agricultural people, and to (demand our riglts as taxpayers. I 6th. That we do not claim this coun 1 try as the farmers', the lawyers', the me I ellanies' or anybody else's alone, b1( I OUR country, to b)e governed for the mu I tual benefit of all. 1 On 'motion a Connnittee Oil Resoln tions was selected, one from each County, 1 to whom all resolutions were referred. 1 Under this rule a nInlber of resolutions 1 were introduced and properly referred. Col. ,J. N. Lipscomb, in response to all invitation, addressed the Convention 1 upon the matters proper for its consid eration. L ThI1e Convention tiei tok ia recess till s 8, P. m. NitiT SESSION. s A number of resolutions were were inl - troduced and properly referred. r 'Tlhe Committee on Resolutions report ed favorably on the following, whicli were adopted: Whereas, The agricultural interests of - the State demand protectionl, develo'p ment and advancement, and to aceom plish an cnd so desirable, therefore, ll esolved, Thlat in the opinion of thais i Convention, tlere should be a permuanen farmers' organization. Riesolved, That onc delegate from eal Congressional District be appoilted I comittee whose duty it shall be to draf rules and resolutions for the governmen of said organization, and the same be re ported to this Convention as early a: practicable. ''e Chair appointed the followinlb - conunittee: Messrs. Stackhouse, 'T'ilhmna. 1 Bradley, 1)argan, Massey. Dlunean and Donaldson. 1 Thle Con nittee also reported favora bly thme resolutions of Mr. Sligh, of New S berry, urging the Legislature to pass an 1 Act limiting the number of references in - actions for the settlement of the estates of deceased persons. Tile resolutions were tunaiimously aldopted. I The following resolutions, oflered by ])r. D. C. Tompkins, of Edgelield, were - also reported by thle Conmnittee ando adlopted: SWhereas ill the report of the Comp troller General it is stiated that seime of the Counties returin thleir taxable proper ty at figures far below others, somec of the Counties returning hlorses alt from $48 to $50) and others returning them from $90 to $100; therefore, be it - Resolved, That the attenltionl of the next Legislature lbe called to this dis crepancy and a remedy pIrovidecd. After hlearing anl addlress from Col. ]). LP. D)uncan, the Convention adjourned till Friday morniug at 9 o'clock. The second daiy's p)roce2edings opened promplltly at 9 clock oin the miorning of theC 30th ult. -A number of resolutions were offered - and prop)erly referred, among themii tile following: eonunending the primary plani in nomninatiing Congressmen; fixing the per diem of the Legislatturo at $3; that no memlber oif the Legislature should1( lie the attorney for any corpore.tion; to dlisconltinue the appropriation -for tile militia, By Mr. Rice, of Union-Fixing the maxilmm rate of initerest at 7 per cent.; asking tIle next Legislature to provide for taking tile census; al1so, inquiring why a privileged ehass is establlishied in the South Carolina University. By Mr. Prinice, of Anderson--Th'lat a committee of ten lie appoi(inted to exam ine the books( andl vouchers of the sever all departiments and( rep)ort the result to a future ieeting of this 1body. Mr. Thomas miovedl that the resolutioin ie laid on the table. The Chair thought that the resolulion~ ought to go to tile committee uder the rule. Mr. Allenu said that it was comapetenat foi t1e Coin venitioni to deeil db-eothy with the - be'":Si(ifCill -.. athe charges had1( ini his resohitions~ that there wasl imilado in aist ration biy the goverinment oflficilis. I Mr. T1ilhhan, fromi his plce said it -['lie res(it ionl was referred. - The iresolut ion inquiring- as to fees - paid to attorineys for litigation inithe matter' of "'Chisoilm's .Island," came up, 3 Mr. Dargan said that what the Con venition wanited to know was why theL I conducmt (if this suit w as not comimitt4 i t to thle Attorney-General, as the lawv offi 3cor oIf the State.2 Colonel Butler reliied that it was bc ;cause lie wals the attornley for the Coosaw~ Mining Conmnny. and in view of that fact it was deemed advisai'lo to employ another attorney. Mr. Ransom, of the Agricultural Dc partment, made a statement including the resolution of the Board of Agricul ture, authorizing the employment of counsel-under which Senator A. T1. Smythe, of Charleston, had1 been retain ed. Mr. Smythe was authorized to re tain assistants. The entireost of tho phosphate liti gation, extending from 1881 to Novem ber, 1885, which has been described above, has been $7,818.42, divided as follows: Fees of Messrs. Smythe, Ver dier and Lee, from Hpril, 1881, to November, 1885, - - $5,750 00 Costs, sulveys, etc., - - - - - - 1,968 42 Fee of Mr. Samuel Lord, in Coosaw case, - - - - - - - - - 100 00 $7,818 42 On motion of Mr. Talbert, of Edge field, the explanation was accepted by the Convention as satisfactory, and the thanks of the body were returned to Colonel Butler and Mr. Ransom for the information. 'The committee was then discharged from the furtheir consideration of the Sulbject. The committee reported favorably the resolutions offered by Mr. Prince, sub stantially as follows: 1. That the farmers be urged to plant less cotton and more of tobacco, fruits, melons, grains and grasses. 2. That farmers take more active inte rest. in the State )epartment of Agricul ture. 3. 'I'hat the Legislature take measures to encourage manufact.ures. These resolutions were ulanimously a'lpted by a rising vote. (overnor Thompson, at this stage, ar rived and made an address to the Con vention, wlich1 was frequently applauded. When the Governor took his seat, Mr. Tillmn rose to make a disclaimer. lie had been credited with charging ''robbe ry and misrule." lie had used these terms but applied them not to thitSe oli cers but to a ring of politicians which nearly everybody believed to exist. As to the ''robbery," he said he referred to the lien l:w- a system of as damnable robbery as was ever fastened on apeo ple." 'The conmittee reported favorably the resolutions oflered by Mr. Tillman, whiclh are in substance as follows: 1. That the Legislature establish ''a real Agricultural College", separate from the South Carolina College, and modeled ont the Agricultural College of Missis LS;ppl. 2. That the institution be under the control of the State Board of Agricul ture, who shall receivo bids for its loca tion from the several counties. 3. That experimental stations be es tablished in connection with the Agricu; tural College. 4. That Congress be memorialized to pass the bill introduced by Mr. hatch, and now pelding, which appropriates $15,000 annually to each State for this purpose, and that we ask our Senators aid Congressmen to use all legitmate means to secure its passage. 5. That we protest against the money for the Agricultural College being under the management of the present Board of Trustees. G. That the Trustees of the Agricul tural College be chosenm not by the Leg islature, but by a State Convention of farmers, to be composed of representa tives from each County Agricudtural Society. 7. That the privilege tax on fertilizers be doubled to raise funds for the pro posed Agricultural College. 8. That the inspection of fertilizers be made more thorough and effective. 9. That the Citadel Academy be abol ish ed, and the money now appropriated to it lbe devoted to raising the standard and imp)roving the equipment of the South Carolina College. 10. That~ the State establish an indus trial College for Females, similar to that of Mississippi. 11. ,That a committee of one from each Congressional D ist.rict be appointed to present the matters in these resolu tionis to the General Assembly. Resolutious 1, 2, 3 and 41 were adopted without (debate. No. 5 was discussed, but finally adopted. No. 6 passed( with out dlebate. No. 7 caused some debate, but was finally adopted. No. 8 p)assed without debate. No. 9 created somec confusion, but was adopted by a voto of 140 to 26. No. 10 wats adlopted-Mr. Till manm first expunging thme wom'ds ''dude factory" applied t<> the Citadel, and ''moral graveyards" ats applied to cotton factories. No. 11 caused nmo debate. 'The resolutions were then adlepted as a whole.. The~ resolutiion to ap poiut ai committee to) inivest igate the lise'd ofliges of lhe State was reported, with the suggestion that no enimmittee be opp)loinitte--nonme being deemelid r.ckssry. RetsohutionIs to co - Convi,,-t--.. a Co nstit uttional u, to repeald the Lien Law, to make Judges hold ofhice for life, and to aboa lish useless (oflices, were adlopted. 'The comumittee 1 oneanentt organii zaution recommeIinded( the formiationi of ''The Agricultural A ssociatio,n of South Carolina," to be composed of me(mbers elected by the county organizations, oni the basis of rcepres9entation in the Legis lature. 'The committee suggested a comn mittee of sCeen to frame a constitution for the Association. It was resolved to apploint an excen tive committee of one from each county to organize theO farmers and keep upl the present agitation till after the mel(eting of the next General Assembly. Resolutions suggesting the improve ment of our tax system; recommendling diversity of crops. and affirming allegi anco to thm )emocratic platform, were severally adopted. The following conunittees were ap pointed by the Chair under the res)ect ive resolutions: Comnitteo to )raft ltules and Begu lations for the Agricult arid Association Messrs. Stalckhouse, 'Tillman, I3radley, Donaldson, Hinson and H. i. Thomas. Committee to Memorialize the Legis lature and Congress on the Subjects Considered by the Convention-Messrs. T. W. Summers, First Distriet; B. B. Till mini, Second District; J. A. Sligh, Third I)istrict; ). P. Duncan, Fourth I)istrict; Iredell Jones, Fifth District; Charles Crossland, Sixth District"; 'I.I11. Thomas, Seventh D)istrict. Executive Committee-Abbeville, J. E. Bradley; Aiken, 1)unbar Lamar; An derson, R. P. Clinkscales; Berkeley, J. B. Morrison; Charleston, W. G. Hinson; Clarendon, Tos. Spratt, Sr.; Chester, 1I. T. Modkbee; Chesterfiekl, S. W. Evans; Darlington, W. E. McKnight; Edgefield, 13. B. Tillman, Chairman; Fairfield, 1'. S. Brice; Lexington, W. J. Seihels; Marion, E. T. Stacklhouse; Marlboro, \V. ). Evans; Orangeburg, J. II. Fel der; Pickens, S. F. W. Clayton; Rich laud, Thomas 'Tavlor; Smuter, II. B. Thomas; Union, O. E. Fant"; Williams burg, T. G. McCutcien; York, Iredell Jones; Lancaster, L. J. Perry; Lanrens, (. W. Shell; Kershaw, L. C. Thompson, Oconce, A. B. Broyles; Greenville, M. L. I)onaldson; IIamlpton, Jolu Lawton; Newberry, R. T. C. hunter. 'he custom;ary resolutions of thanks w"ere adopted, and the Convention then, at 5 o'clock, adjourned sine die. 4111. POW DE1I(. AT' HOM1E. Int Iew s on the Strikes, the Egiit-Ilor M. tern, and Sone Oilier MIatters :ow .tagingtIn the l.ahortg I'eople of the ('onutry. (From the New Yo'k t-'r.) Althlough General Master Workman Powderly of the Knights of Labor is an advocate of a reasonable share of rest for the World's workers, he deems the ent ire tweiity-fo)ur l hours too brief for his own daily task. The click of the typewriter is hleard late into the night ini the cozy littl back oflice of his unassuming resi dence in the Hyde Park section of the city where the labor chief makes his home. Wlcn the correspondent of the Star called to see the moaster workman he found him hard at work in this ollice. Tie way was led 1 y a modest, courteo us, attentive ani intelligent little lady, who stands bet yeen the lab or chief and the hundreds who are continually calling to see him. '1'his is Mrs. 'owderly, and she is a wonderful assistance to her luts band in the performaulee of his exacting duties. Having introduced the visitor, she withdraws, and the folding doors which separate the frout parlor from the oflice lilrary are closed. '1'he workshop in which the gemierd master workman labors is crowded wit ho oks and papers, but neatness, order and method are ap parent iii the arrangenacit of every article, from the glass paper weight to the pile of bound volumes that contain copies of all the iniportant letters he hits Aritten in the discharge of his olicial duties during the six years that lie has l)ecen at the head of the greatest labor organization in the worl. A nmass of letters, brought in one day's mail, rises from the carpeted floor almost ais high as the chair upon01 which he is seatedl, and Mr. Powderly is carefully goinig through these and making such notes of their contents as lhe thinks they deserve. 'You nmst receive as large a miail as the average exchange editor,'' said the corresp)ondent after the first friendly grectmgs were over. ''Well, I don't know how much of a mail an exchange editor generally gets," said Mr. P'owderly, "bult this is a fair sp)ec;mmen of what comes to mec every (lay through the mails, aud my telegrahie corresp)ondIence is not niui less. As a general thing .the assembldies of thme Knights of Labor select intelligent seere taries, and their letters are always ini ex cllent shape, but 1I receive somec eplistles that would pIuzzle ani expert calling for dlecisoins on knotty questiouns that wouihl stagger Solomon himsel f. Th'lere is work ehioughi in my otlice to keep six mni fully employed, and yet 1 am expegd to do it and lit the same time have sufli(ient leisure for philosophical essays on scien titic and 'conmituic problems that would tax the wisdom and scholarship of a ,Johnu Stuart Mill. Tfhen it i astonishinag -how juikly .1 am taken to task for thle use of some learned phrase 01r exp)ressioni tha t conveys the most direct meaning I. can think of at the time. I1 am gvays anx tons to give may ideas the simplest forman f e'xpressionl possible, so that there may be no bmisunderstanding of what I say or write. Such simplicity requires stuidy, mud as 1 have no time for study or reilec ion, the thought muast be taken on its ,wn muerits without regard to the setting. What with sickness, worry and wi- j' myie had a bnse timo S10lt ti. it lately, amnd . i up i tIle near future. Oiu LJrder1 is inicreasinag with amiazinug iap idIi ty, and as a geneail thing new meemers File more,1 likely to misunder(l(stanld its mis sioni than the old ones. It ought to 1be generally knowni thait the order of thn Kntighits of LaboIr is empnihiaticaily~ up posed 1(o strikes until oil other means of secuinglf a settlemeant of thle matters ini dish,mte have failedl. Jhat I find that somei of thie who went to joil in 's ve uiteC aL di flerent impress(Pion, anid al pear to 1be lieve that we are organized for the puir poseC of coniduict ing inisteadI of pireventinig strikes." ''Was the genleral execuitive board cog nizanit of thle faet thait. therme was going to be a strike in the Souithlwest prior to the striike taking p lace?'' ''We kniew that thoimen therehbad gric vanices, bulit we were~ not quiite certain that the matter would euhliinate in a strikv. The re was grcat diLsatisf action among thm men, owing to the obstinacy of Vice President Ioxie, who refused repeatedly to listen to their complaits. The dis trict assembly was not required by our laws, however, to appcal the matter to the executive board before ordering a strike, and this is one of the things that we expect to amend at our next general convention. We shall so amend the laws of the order that no assembly can order a strike hereafter without first submitting the matter to the highest authority in the organization, except at the risk of having its charter revoked. There must. be no more strikes if it. is possile to avert them, and I think it is." "Is it true that a general effort will be put forth by the order throughout. the country, on the first of next month, to make eight hours the standard day's work?" ''There is no truth whatever in such a report. While 1 am, as you know, in favor of shortening the hours of labor, I recognize the great fact that the pfiblic is not yet fully educated uip to the re-' riuirentllts of inaugurating the eight hour system successfully. A reform like that requires time for discussion. We want the manufacturers and employers of all kinds to have plenty of tir:te to talk the natter over and see wherein it would be of benefit to all concerinet the mnan who employs labor as well as the main who labors.'' "It is quite generally reported that an effort will be niade on the 1st of May in behalf of the eight-hour system. Would it have the approval of the order?" "W'e cannuot coluntenanuce it at prt'sent, because we believe such a ilovelant now would prove abortive, and we want to p repare the coultry for it.. Just. now thi' pub lie is unp1lrepared, and the result would be to seriously (ripple industry auid p revent 1nen from niaking contracts. We are inot. in favor of int roiecing any such1 elauotie eolditioll of atliirs." '')o you expect to see the eighlt-hotr mxovelent eflective at any tiiae in the near ftu re?" "W'hcnever We lil that. the country is ready for it we shnll urge it with all th earnestness at our cominiuid, but be fore that time eiployces and employed must have anple opportunity to IbeComie ac(luailted with its benefits.'' 'Whlat wouhl e the principle beletits of shorter loul's of labor to the workling tie of the country?" "A inure gtneral dilitusion of labor and colse<iuntltly fewer idle Inen in the coiui try. 'The entl oyed htve not as lanly op>orttulities to inlIprove their condition when there are a great inaniy idle men as they would have if all were at work. Thlere are many other advantages to be derived fron shorter hours of labor winch it is 11ot necessary to enunWerate at present, 5i1e that would lead to the dis cussion of thel qLestion1 of labor-saving nacllinery atni matters of ineidental im portalce.'" ''how 50011 do you exl)ect to see the cight-11our moveinent successful?" "No tinie has Ieen lixed for it, and it would be dillictult to lix susy tinle just now. .It may bec two, three, or moLre years bllece, but not. unitil the <fuestion is fully discussed anid thioroughly under stood Iby the couintry. There will be nltU general strike for the eight-hour 1ioVe menlt il this country oil the 1st. of May, as8 soine of tihe nIe wpape'rs suppose." Mr'. I'owdierly apeardedi beftori Con.. gattioni ait Washiigton oin Tuiesday. (Ohilirenp Tl'ie~ P'iie'it'p' np of' lii . <imu up. uii non11 'ini'er i'.ss~P Allfi y. WXasinmgtoni has one oibser'vancle of Easte* which is iiparailiilele'd iiidp eeniarii to itself- .it is theI foribile enitr'y 1and1 jpo 5lessioni of the i'residenit's groundlls t)n Easter M1ondaliy 1b)y thle chlildrenl undier 10 yeas oft aig. hlow flit iust Pinl origi t ist ii :eery .1r.ste Ai 1lahy all the litth child'enin Wl ashiington, diirect ly a1fteri brel'dast, swarIn to the Whiiite 11 ouse t i roll Eitter eggs oni tile grii en slop<.iis ci the gr'oundits. '['le groilis ale ill ai l Slire (Jpen to tile pulic, 11ni't've t he Chif c 1agistnlate is enitt-<' to~ Son1il! pil vacey. 1311 biy aL law of the ebiiretu'i' nutinilg, all cther:is arle supe)irseded on1 Eaisteir Mindlay. Nop pairt ol thle parik is sacred, anid a crowd est iiiated froin Iivel to tightI. thlOiwandm, alil nderi(10 or c 12, riot at w ill over'1 tile glisy [InousL. Ven-' der's of Easter egg5 dr've a thiv'ig ad iint''reisting. 'lhe younig dies Coil v'ery hit te totliliirs, whol rolIl 'tiselves as c otill as the Eistr ef I ggs down~ the lill. The ph- bioi''lI ys Ii'iue the sport scienitifi caliUy, andl thea gir'ls thei refore exclulde theliml as the botys wioui Roon clnt Io i. g<'s oni, a hnteiuiie has dilepartled' th it s .ui) hI ay'f locusis luo11lh pffi'mii'r thi lnd.i J(''jsi dlen Ar'ihlbturS it always enine' out1 and en-' joiiy t scenlin eney,anirei denlti('if. Pill fi'ene the giunls of1( the c''pphibiii o mlaong tiii hit )P.tlm f'inth ays. i"e V.f passers'by tcuaedh. JEFF DAVIS IN MONTGOMERY. TIlE PEOPLE VILDl) WiTil ENTHUIASM. 'ifl FAMILlAlt VELL. lie Addreenes the I'eople From tie spot Where le rook the OIat of Ullice as 'resident of the Cont-ederacy. MONTaOMERt, ALA., April 28.-To-day will over ho memorial in tho history of Alabama. Every locality was represented, and many adjacent towns and villagea poured their entire population into the streets of Montgomory. At an early hour the sidewalks were so donaly ptacked that locotnotion was dilficult. It had rained all nightt, and poured down until 10 o'clock. listcad of going to the ptrk it was decided to go to the Capitol grounds for the speeches to be niade froin the very spot where Mr. Davis took the oath of otlico as 1'resident of the Confederate States. the entire city is gaily decor.t(d, and the city kall has United States liias ilutternig out of every window. . etures of tue Confed crate Ueneranis tre 1atened to the out side wallns, lite the tntacs of Coufeter- s ate Uecras liuttered to the breeze on streaniers. 'ihe capitol was beautifully decorated. ' roin tne topiost point on the high done, towering iar atlove every thing in the citv, 11oated the stars andttl stripes. 'The entire front was cov cred with streamers and devices, while there was suspended along the front col umnus itnunciSe Federal flags reaching down almost to the heads of the speak c's. Private houses and business houses all have a ihbertl supply of decorations anid (levices and words of welcome to Mr. Javis. 'The scenes around Air. )avis this inoruing and. the great desiro to see and shake lim by than hand are indc scrii)ale. Being feeble, it way more than he could stand, and ho had to retire. 'The niilitatry escort. formted in front of the hotel aud extended far up the avenue leading to the Capitol. it. was necessary to lorti a s(luare in order that the pro cession tnight itnove. '1lhe companies were furned and str etcthed out on each side. A carriage vith tour white horsed wis drawit up to the do r, and promptly at 2 o'clock Mr. Davi., escorted by \layor lcese, (iovernotr 'Neal and cx ( hovernor \Watts, fortierly of his Cabi net, stepped rount the hotel and entered the earriage. The shouts of the multi tatde as he was seen to etierge fron the hotel linu a peculi;air nervous jerk, which cltracteriied wlhat. Iheuuune fauous as the "yell of the Southerners'' the world ovme'. 'kthe next carriage contained Gen. John B. Gordon ant Captain W. L, Bragg, Mis5 Winuie 1Ja' is, youngest daughter of Mr. Davis, and Miss leese, the Mayor's daughter. 'The third car riage contained \V. W. Screws, Mrs. Gurdon, Miss Gordon and Miss Walter, the latter a niece of Mr. Davis. Other carriages followed, with the trustees of the Montunteut Association and the Uuv erntor's stall. Antid the waving of hats and hand kerchiefs, the booiniug of cannon, the playing of bannds of tiusie atd shouts oudter than e cr before heard, the scene presented was rarely ever witnessed in auy cotntry; the deunontsurat:ion being in htonor of a iuan proseribed by the United States governent, niid as a tri bute to the dead soldiers of a cause that. was lost. Thu route of the procession wuas about half a niie long. 'The avenue is very wide, but tihe crowd when it be ganu to mnove was Packed front 01ne side to the other. Wheln tihe procession arrived at th. Capitol the gateway was cleared for Mr. Davis, the niihitary being formed so ou N prevent the overriuuning of the building; anid grounds before he had re ached b.,s place. Lie was seated upjonk the hibtoric spot he occupied I ebrutary i2, 1s1. Arranged in front w.as a place for the prebs and( 01n the sides aund ln the rear of 31r. Davis were the ineinbers of various torganuizationIs interested ini the buildiug of thie inulnllienit, v.hIichl It is proposed to elect on the hill and1( imedlately niorth tf the Capj ito!. 1'(aople, nmen, mnienx and cuhbiren, w ere 'putced from tihe stel;s tot the iret Iate., and*1 while it was imtiposibh fort I a greaut iuat of them t) hear, tih'y l-toodGt ni t hair phices out of 11111. W hen otrdher lmd beeni secured Mlayor Rikese ad(vancled to the front and "'MY CoU.x'rmvn :~ It is, withi profound enliatiton thalt I pre'tsenit to you1 the forc ,ia(st type if bon)lthern' inanlilhoo, Ilon. Jeffe.rsonI iavis, e'x-.JresidienIt,of the Con.. i(eerate State's of Ann-itenc." 'The scenes hetrtofotre enlacted wecro t)i(on (ivert as 3i1ri. Davis advaiiced, and it was1 soie liiutes beftore lie (couh1 pro Lseed. 1t wats the lirst titue that thou ~ands inl the c'rtowd had1( seen 111hi sice is turivad, it 1biing imipossile'. for all1 to per -Olldy reach hi m at the, hotel. 'Th shotst~I thadly (lying awiay, 71rt. Davis, leanliiug tin his~ canell, wiith a1 Federal flag h angimug over 1h1un and Conft utederate vete of miles to hear' andi see limn, in a clear, inging voice, shiouinig thle deep inutensity iif is feelings, but without a tremnor or. ltause.( icept whuen intheruptedl by the shot ts~1 of hii.; helarer s, said: "Aly fii.ids, it wotd bto vaint if I shiould attelint t ix prtess to youl the0 deep gr'at iiint ion1 u hi id fte ai t this demuoin straitioni Jhut I kniow that it is not per stinal, and 1 hitherfore~ it' Ieel or dieeply deare to1 me1 im muyselfI. You have patlssedt through the ortdeal 01 aI warl wich~l A ilabamatJ tid( nott seek'. When(J she felt hiei wronigs too) gr'itVtons ftor furtheri tolc raitioni Shlo stought Ia peauctale sohdation. Thant being denuied her, the( thunders of warti (':alne inmging~ over the land.t 'Then her' proge~ ro se in thir ii amjt sty. Gray haiiretd sires antd beiartleiss boys eagerly rushietd to hi' tront . it was that war41 which Chr iist ianiity aliono app)roved- i (CONTINUED ON FOUKXI 1'AGIE.1