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tIV. -__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _DEVOTED POLITI OS, M OR AL T , EDUCATION AND TO TH U GENERAL INTER UNT OF THE COUNTRY. B3 Fe BRADLEY & 00- PICKENS, . C., THURSDAY. NOVEMrRR ' 1n TOPICS OF '*RE DAY. OMIOINNATI has an Itgersoll Literary Dramatio Club. AWNIN LOUzsu OARY will sing only in concerts this winter. INDU'NAPOLnS is just sixty years old, and 'rot overgrown for its age. Two hundred and nine patents have beeb Issued to Edison up to date. QuEENzt VICTonrA has been in Ireland twelve days, the first time she has been there Atnoe 1861. rinqm his visit to Stratford-on-Avon Tennyson is more determined than ever to write for the stage. NEw You)c is threatened with a water famine--a case of water everywhere and not a drop to drink. PaznsMxT AnTWUn knows how to keep a secret. He has entrusted no one with the key to his new Cabinet. DAVID DAVIs, President pro tem. of the Senate, weigh4 nearly 400 pounds. He is a big mau, indeed. WxsqNSIN farmer robbed the grave of his Vwn son and sold the body to a f iOdif.al college in Chicago. ACCORDING to reports, all was not har mony at Yorktown. There seems to be envy for honors in all things. Louxsa MICeL, the Parisian Com munimst, in her newspaper approves of the assassination of President Garfield. ANNA DICKINSON is going to play Hamlet in New York on the 2d of Janu ary. Anna is determined to overcome her modesty. WE AIR glad to state there has been no oyster famine. We shall have sone thing to eat anyhow, and church festivals will boom as ever. THz oldest brother of the late Presi ident, Thomas Garfield, is an humble farmer in Ottawa County, Michigan. He is aged fifty-nine years. DH. J. G. HOLLAND, the poet and writer, who recently died in Now York, leaves a wife, two grown daughters, and a son, 'who is in Yale College. D. PAmnz, of the London Temple, is to deliver a series of five discourses in answer to Oolonel Ingersoll's question, "What Must I Do to Be Saved ?" a ConooxD -'women at Anderson, S. C., have formed a union and will not work for less tha'n $6 a month. Whoever vio lates the agreement will be flogged by the others. OvER~ 100,000 Frenchmen have comn *xnittel sieicide since, the opening of the present century. Taking in all the cen turies, and all races, these figures would 4reach up In the millions. TnE Crown P'rince and Princess of Denmark have come into about ?3,000, 000 by the death of Prince Frederick, of the Netherlands. Is there anything "rotting in Denmark ?" THE rapid advance in wheat suddenly came to a standstill, a thing the grain V/ gamblers was not prepared for, and gambling in that direction just now can .not be said to be flourishing. . A CONTEMPORARY propounds the con undrum." Why is not Ireland as happy a part of the British Empire as Scot land?" In the language of a six-year. old, we would say, " Because it ain't." IT Is a lamentable fact that Michigan gave P85,000 more to Chicago at the time of the great fire in that city, than *Ohicago has oontributed to the burnt out sufferers of Michigan. Chicago should remember a kindness. Tux situation in Ireland is a pro foundly serious one. Rioting and blood 9shed are of daily occurrence, and unless there is a hazge soon, it can but be a que'stion of. time when the situation shall merge itself into a civil war. *Pzox the autumnal exhibition of paint ings at Liverpool the nude has been rigorously excluded. This is a case wherein morality for once, triumphed over the false notion that vulgarity and -art go heaud in hand. . . Th Afghan war cost the lives of 99 officers and 1,524 men, besides 111 offi eers and 1,252 men 'wounded. The various South African wars cost the lives of 172 offieers and 8,028 men ; 162 ofB .ers and 1,018 men were wounded. Dii. WooD, of Philadelphia, holds to t. the theety that diphithuia Is met a spe etti poison, but a fnlgus that may be present in the air during health, but in certain diseased conditions take on a distinctly poisonous action. TImE Cincinnati Gazette suggests that if the money sent to Ireland to help the Irih to fight E9ngland *We used to en able the dissatisfied people to emigrate to the United States. it would do much good. There is plenty of rooMi in this country. There is not room in that country. Tin 'French eonsumption of wheat demands 852,000,000 bushels per annum. The crop this year is 294,000,000 busl els. Deficit,. to be supplied from the United States and Russia, .58,000,000 bushels, costing at present prices $80, 000,000. This explains the drain upon the bullion in the Bank of Franoe. As USUAL, Florida, this year, reports 50,000,000 oranges for market. Those have boon the figures for several years -or is it possible this statement. like some of the humorous paragraphs, springs into existence periodically and goes the rouns of the press. HALF a dozen "associations for the encouragement of matrimony " have taken out articles of incorporation in Indiana. Their object is also for the protection of domestic felicity. It does look a little as if there was a scarcity of occupation when institutions of this ridiculous character come into existence in such numbers. QuEEN VITORIA doesn't wear a crim son robe and a gold crown upon her head, not by any means. She takes her daily drives with a black straw bonnet upon her head and a large shawl of small check shophcrd's plaid upon her shoulders. She think's enough of money to be a poor man's wife. Tims is what Talmage has to say con corning Guiteau : " On the principle that all men, however bad, ought to be prayed for, I have tried for eight Sun days to get myself up to pray for that wretch, but I can't do it. Perhaps be fore the day of his hanging I may grow in grace enough to pray for him, but until then I must leave it to the old ministers who have got so good that they can do anything." TiH Committee of Twenty-eight ap pointed in Boston to consider tho feasi bility of holding the World's Fair at the Hub In 1885, reported favorably upon the matter, but to make the exhi bition a success, the committee are of opinion that the city of Boston will be0 required to subscribe $5,000,000. if it wasn't for the money part of it, Boslon would no doubt pul' throughi all right with the arrangements, but we are a lit hle afraid that $5,000,000 business will kill it. THERnu is a paper published in Uolo rado flailed Solidi Muldoabn. In a re cent issue the editor makes tho following .Amnarison: "Brick" Pomeroy came to Uolorado two years ago with one wife and three hundred dollars--to-day he is worth quarter of a million. Three years ago the editor of this paper struck Colo rado with one pointer dog and the dys pepsia--to-day-well, to this day, we never did or could find out what in -- become of that dog. TnrE recent eruption of the great volcano of Manna Loa, on the Island of Hawaii, has b~een watched with peculiar interest by the inhabitants of the town of Hilo. The lava flood has for nine months past.been approaching the village and threatened its destruction, and the filling 'up of the beautiful bay upon the borders of which it is built. But half a mile away the stream of fire ceased its flow, and the lava cooled and hlardenufed, the volcano was at rest, and the village was saved. Tam hatred entertained by the Bohe mians- for the Germans is shown strik ingly by the recent experience of a Viennese merchant who was traveling through a part of the Bohemian terri tory, and put up with some friends at a tavern kept by a village official. Upon their asking in German for dinner the Innkeeper's wife replied : " In this Inn no German is served with food. Not even a drink of water would be granted to one of that nation."- And the hungry travelers were compelled to seek enter tainment elsewhere. FIFTEEN years ago .Tames B. Orman, of Pueblo, went to Colorado a poor boy. To-day he employs 8,000 men, and owns and works 2,000 head of mules and horses. While this is true of Mr. Or man, there are htzpdreds of men who have gone to Colorado and other portions of the West with a few hundred dollars' in .their pocket and subsequently beat their way back on frieght trains. There are any number of oases in almost any ?tate, of men, rich to-day, who, nrteeni rears ago. were poor. Men who .s West euP6emSg to fnd mener lying around loose, ae generally disappoiuted. OoRONaN EENDIG, of Oii;cinnat, is charged by the Cincinnati Chmmercial and Gabette with hastening the death of mrs. Andrew Van Bibber, who was acci dentally shot by her husband recently under the impression she was a burglar. Rendig held an ante-mortem examina tion, during which time the patient's pulse ran up from 110 to 160 beats per minute and her death ensued upon the same day. Her physician Is of opinion that her death was inevitable, but that had it not been for the excitement con sequent upon an ante-mortem examina tion she might have possibly lingered many days. A CASE was recently tried in Paris which seems to correspond very closely with that for which Guiteau has been arraigned. Lucien Morrisset, a young man aged twenty-three, of considerable education and refinement, was charged with the murder of M. Darmier, a rail way official. Morrisset had no'grievanoe whatever against Darmeir, but he had long cherished a deep-rooted hatred against society. Convinced that society was rotten and unjust, and smarting un der disappointment and failure in litera ture, Morrisset determined to give free vent to his perverted instincts. He be gan by robbing his employer, and when he was detected he resolved to distin guish himself as a murderer. He had previously attempted suicide. One day last June he procured a revolver, loaded it, and, walking out in the street he cooly shot down M. Darmier. The medi cal experts, after a careful examination, pronounced him sane, but " morally Anif-nArverted." and he was sentenced to death. " Morally self-perverted" seems to apply well to Guiteau. Her Gratitude. Coming down Michigan avenue a lady in a wvell-filled car saw a woman dashing across a vacant lot at the corner of Twelfth street, and whirling her parasol in a vain endeavor to catch the eye of the car driver. The lady immedfately arose and pulled the strap. The moment this was done the woman checked down her speed and walked slower thau a boy going home after playing truant. As she reached the car she deliberately lowered her parasol, looked back down Twelfth street, and slowly entered. Tie lady, meantim had been squeez ing along to make room for the new comer. That individual looked up and down both sides of the car with a git-up and-give-me-a-seat expression, looked at the space provided for her with a sneer, took a step toward it, then stopped, as if she would say : "Sit along further. There isn't room enough for me !" and then flopped herself into the space, thrustimg her parasol, which she carried in the hollow of her left arm, into her benefactor's face, turned and slowly, de liberately and superciliously looked at the lady's hat, her ear ornaments, her dress, and then turned from her with "You're a nobody " expression of coun tenance, and commenced taking a mental inventory oif all the hats and dresses in the car. Not one wordl of thanks to the ladly who had stopped the car, and crowded along to give her a seat ; on'ly an insulting stare, that, in a man, would put them in danger of being caught by the niape of the neck and thrown into bhe street. -Detroit Free Press. The Incisors of the Horse. The incisors of the horse, once worn down or lost, are gone forever, but in many species a provision exists by which the wear and tear of mastication is com pensated by the perpetual growth of certain members of the dental series. This very convenient arrangement ex ists in al the rod~nts, or gnawers, an order of which the beaver, the rat and the rabbit are familiar examples, and also in the elephant, the walrus, wild boar, etc. rThe incisors of the rodents are the seat of this perpetual growth, and any one who will take the trouble to examine the skull of a rabbit will at once see how admirably they are adapt ed to the animal wants. They are of curved shape, and occupy societs ex tending to the back part of both jaws, the upper pair describing a larger part of a smaller circle, and the lower ones a smaller part of a larger circle. Each tooth consists of a solid column of den tine, with a plate of enamel In Its outer surface, and, consequently, diminshes in hardness from front to back. The constant wear produced by the continual collision of the opposing surfaces forms an oblique chisel-like surface, sloping from the hard enamel of the front to the softer dentine of the back part of the tooth. As these teeth are perpetually growing, they require constant exer cise to keep their growth within due bounds, and the rat and others of this most mischievous family might assign, as an excuse for their ravages, the ne cessit of finding constant employment for teir front teeth. -All the Year Round. _____ Tan spot where Stonewall Jackson fell is marked by a rough block of white flint quarried in the Wilderness. It stands 8feet8 inches hi gh and is 2 feet 10 inches in breadth. Its surface ghows dents and scars, where the pilgrims have scaled bits of it as relics ; and all around are smaller pieces of hard rock that have been used as hammers with which to crack it Trees with Ristory. In one grove in California are 1,38 trees none measuring less than six fee in diameter,. A magnificent white oak stands in th Quaker burying ground in Salem N J It is more than.200 years old, and ISO re markable for its amplitude of shape. I one direction its branches have a sprea ,f 112 feet. The tallest trees in the world are ii Australia. A fallen tree in Gippslan measured 435 feet from the root to th highest point of the branches. Anothe standing in the Dunenong district il Victoria is estimated to be 400 feet fron the ground to the top. The largest chestnut tree in the coun try is growing on the farm of Solomoi Merkie, atBerks, Pa., and is nearly fort, feet in circumference at the base. Thi top of the tree is reached without dange: by steps that are fastened between thb limbs. It is estimated that this trei contains about seventeen cords of wood It still yields about three bushels oJ chestnuts annually. A russet apple tree in Skowhegan Me. was planted in 1762. In ite branches i playhouse for children has been buil for a half a century or more. The trei is seven feet from the ground to the branches, five in number, all of whiol are very large and average thirty-fivt feet in length, covering a space oj ground sixty-three feet in diameter. I is more than four and one-half feet ii diameter, and has yielded an average o thirty bushels of apples each year. A sprout from this apple tree standsthirty two feet from the parent stem, but il forty-eight years younger. Give the Boys a Chance. Don't keep the boys in bondage be ause they are not twenty-one years old. 3ive them a trial. Let them have v 3hance to struggle with .the affairs of thi world, if nothing more than to send bhem to town with a small load of wood >r wheat. Let them buy and sell ir various ways, then when they art wenty-one it wiil come natural to theni o do business. I have known professing Christians t< raise children and not one of the childret would care a fig for Christianity. Why i Because we are not all of Israel that are n Israel. Sometimes children grow ut without knowing the ten commandments aeither can they repeat the Lord' prayer. I have never yet seen the gamble who had confidence enough in his ro lession to teach it to his children, and s< It is with some people, they have no .aith enough in their religion to teach i bo their clildren. Teaoh them to love good associates Uove commences at home. I never sav k man who would abuse his mother, bu would abuse his wife also, if he wer< icky to get one; and so it is with a young voman. I like to see those who respee md obey their parents. I believe this it me of the highest commandments, and mne of the first to be obeyed.--Corre. oondence Household. Mexican Coinage. We are indebted to an invaluable mnblication upon the history of the coin ~ge of the mints~ of Mexico, in the :olumns of El Minero Mexicana, for the acts which we have tabulated below to how the amount of gold and silver thus oined during the five years ended 80th Fune, 1879: 0 JUDe. Gold. Silver. Total. 875......82,619 00 619 386,058 50 520,249,677 54 878.... 809,401 50 19,454,054 00 20,263,455 5( 877......895,750 00 21,415,128 50 22,110,878 5( 878......691,998 00 22,084,208 50 22,778,201 54 979......68,208 00 22,162,987 65 22,821,198 64 ['otals...S8,717,974 50 5104,508,832 i15 107,221,80646 During the same period the mone3 ralue of the total copper coinage wai $11,906,604, or more than three timei greater than the value of the gold coinei luring the same half decade--the total soinage for the period being $119,127,. )10. Of this amount it is to be notei 37j per cent, were of silver, ten pe: sent. in copper, and but two and a hal per cent, in gold. It is this last fact whici we commend to the consideration o sapitalists upon the eve of embarking il Nlexican gold mining ventures with th< )ectation of finding there the greates gold mines in the world, upon the speci aus statements of unscrupulous specula bors and their venal scribblers of th press. -Mining Record. Alexander's Night Thoughts. " Baltokoft' Skupschirofiky," saidl th Czar to the Captain of the guard, " havy the guards been doubled at the palac gate ?" " They have, my liege," re sponided S. S., "and the man with the telescope sweeps the horizon, so that no even a solitary horseman cani approac' thy imperial dwelling." "And the light nling-rod man ?" " He sleep~s beneatJ the Neva, so please your majesty. " The man for subscriptions to the Li-f of Sergeant Bates ?" " He speeds t Biberia on a special train." " And th ladder and tree protector men ?" "AsI of the vipers in the palace dungeons. " The man who continues at tis hat day to say, ' what, never ?' " " Th: imperial head sman wears his watch chamn." "'Tis wall. TAlngraph t< Europe that another conspiracy h'as beei baffled, keep the gm-drop and corn- bal boys, who sprea sedition on the rail road trains, undler thy vigilant eye, an< may St. Isaac of Knownow bless thee. And the Czar, putting on his cast-iroi night-shirt, retired to his princely couch -Boston Tranecript. Tau passion for feasting increased s much in England in the fourteenth cen tury that whien Lionel, son of Edwari III., was married, there were thirt courses, and the fragments of the tabl fed 1,000 people.______ Taw Boston Transcript remarks tha a man with an impediment in his spec never speaks well of anybody. Letters of Introduction. 3 Among the innumerable bores which 1 afflict the monde ou V on 8'iennuic, one of the most wearisome is the letter of 5 introduction. It is a species of black mail levied on good nature, which only persons of exceptional resolution, or equally fortunate rudeness, can ever successfully resist; a social letter of credit based upon a bank account of mutual kindliness, which may have been long since overdrawn, or which, per a haps, never existed save in the immagi r nation of the writer. Americans are said to be especially given to this de plorable and exasperating weakness, and the steamers which are daily bearing the flower of our fashion to European shores are no doubt loaded with these im portu nate missives. A man, indeed, can 3 scarcely take a flying trip to a neighbor ing town without deeming it necessary to fortify himself with half a dozen or more of these passports; or, even if his good sense rejects the notion, he is sure to have them thrust upon him by oflicious friends. And in the latter case it is vain for him to attempt to suppress the hate ful documents. He is in the situation of the man who holds the wolf by the ears, neither daring to keep him nor to let 1im go. The donors will be sure to make inquiry as to their presentation, and woe to the recipient if he has failed to do so. Even those to whom letters of introduc tion are the greatest of bores would be the first to feel slighted by their non delivery; so he is forced into the embar rassing position of thrusting himself upon the good will of a stranger who caros nothing about him and who, under his awkward smile of affected welcome, is secretly wiihing him at Jericho. Of all the painful shams that make up the tragical comedy of social life, this is one of the most irksome and humiliating. It would be difficult to decide which is the greatest sufferer by the letter of introduction-the writer, the recipient, or the person to whom it is addressed. The first is put in the absurd position of having to praise a man to his face, for, as the letter is delivered unsealed, its perfunctory eulogies are of course tanta mount to that; worse still, if, having to praise him, the qualities which both of them know he does not possess, are dilated upon. And the recipient, by presenting the letter, virtually adopts and indorses its sentiments and thus appears to his new acquaintance in the r position of a man vociferously blowing s own trumpet and calling attention to his good parts with the simple candor of the noble red man who tiumps his breast at the council fire and says, " Wah I me big brave!" The man who has a stranger thus forced suddenly upon his hospitality has perhaps the most substantial grievance. For, unless he be endowed with unusual firmness of character which will permit him to shake hands cordially with his unbidden visitor and then politely show him the door, he feels it incumbent to put inimself out in some way to do him honor. Hie must get up a (dinner or a breakfast for him, or if she be of the more troublesome sex, a ball ; he must neglect his business to constitute himself a guide for her sight-seeing; he must in one way or another make himself thoroughly un comfortab~le for the sake of this unde sired and perhaps undesirable guest. Under the most favorable circumst ances he cannot stifle a certain sense of being put upon ; our friend's friends, we all k now, are seldom ours, and in mine cases out of ten lie will not have even the ordinary reward of gratitude, for on the one side as on the other the attentions thus paid are felt to lack spontaneity and are, in reality, a forced levy.-Thze Hour. Packing a Trunk. Most people dislike to p~ack a trunk, and to do it well is something of an art. It should never be done in a hurry. You L should first get everything together e which is to be packed, and then go quiet ! ly and systematically to work. Very a large trunks are an abomination over f which expressmen groan and swear, not i altogether without reason. Still, small a ones are inconvenient, excep~t for short t journeys, and multiply expense, as thme -expressage is for each piece, be0 it SaLra toga trunk or a small valise, without re a gard to size. But, whatever the size of the trunk, it should be filled, or at least packed full enough to prevent the con tents from tossing about. If you are compelled to take a trunk which is too large for what you need to p~ack in it, 3 fill it with crumpled pa per, rather than -Aeave it half empty. Owlig to the rough a usage which baggage always receives, unless the trunk is closely p~acked the Scontents will be literally churned up and - down, and the clothes which you have , carefully folded will be tumbled to a de gree, even if nothing worse comes to a them. For a long journey it is well to 'cord trunks. Rope is better than strap,. because it goes bo0th ways. Nothing heavy, like boots, etc. should ever be put in the top of a trunic, since the more Sheavily it is weighted the more likely Sthe hinges are to break. 'DIrosses should be carefully folded, with the flounces ~laid smooth andl drawing-strings let out, the waist folded but once the wrong side out, with the sleeves laid over the -back and the fronts over all. Then, if absolutely necessary, the h asq ue may be folded again down the mi~ldie seam 3 of the back, but never across. PorasH women are very beautiful. ) Perhaps, as a race, they are the most - beautiful women in the world. Bayard I Taylor declares that he saw more band T some faces in Warsaw in an hour at the a races than he saw in all the rest of Europe in two years. Tnuias are 16,000 oystermen in Vir ginia. V JLJ. -AI. m 1.3. U. FACTS FOR THE CURIOUS. TuHE roes of various kinds of fish con tain from about 80,000 to over 8,686,000 e ggs. Tim lion's teeth seem formed rather lor destruction than for the chewing of. 1h food. A FOUR-FINoUED monkey, in its na tive state, has been seen to go down to the edge of a stream, rinse its mouth and then clean its teeth with one of its fingers. IN Bavaria medical men are shorter lived than any other class. Out of eve ry 100 individuals, 53 Protestant clergy men, 41 professors, 89 lawyers or mag istrates, 34 Catholic priests, but only 26 doctors reach the age of 50. Tim octopus has a gland which se. cretes an inky fluid, and this he squirts out, making a thick, dark cloud behind him which baftles his pursuer at the same time that it helps himself to dart away. Mr. Darwin asserts that the oc topus often takes deliberate aim at an iienmy when it squirts out this unpleas ant fountain. Osrincils, when the full number of eggs has been laid, invariably place one of tliei outside the nest-the nest con sisting naturally of a hollow scooped out of the land by the action of the wings and legs of the birds. It hasbeen found tiat, these eggs are reserved as food for the chicks, which are often reared in a natural stall, miles away from a blade of grass or other food. TuE periwinkle has 600 rows of teeth, three in a row, growing on a long strap, like pins in a cushion. This strap, often two inches long, closes the edges together at the back of the mouth so as to wrap over the rough points, and is then rolled up into a coil and stowed away in a fold of the neck. As the front teeth wear away, this strap comes grad ually forward on the floor of the mouth, the new teeth grow up and are sharp ened ready for use. PAPEn rots under the influence of moisture nutil it is reduced to a white decay which crumbles into powder when handled. Damp attacks both the inside and outside of books. The mold spots which are so often seen upon the edges of leaves and upon the sides of the bind ing wider a microscope are seen to be miniature forests of lovely trees, covered with a beautiful whito foliage. "They ire upas trees," says a bibliophile, "whose roots are imbedded in the leath er and destroy its texture." Tim thirty-three navigable rivers of the Mississippi system comprise 14,000 miles of navigable waters, intersecting or bordering on eighteen States and two Territories. The extent of territory subject to overflow was, in 1874, esti mated to be 41,193 square miles, an area as great as the combined areas of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rthode Island and New Jersey, and much more productive under proper condi tonis. Up to the ~year 1878 Congress had made for the nupilrovement of the Mississippi river and its various tribu taries ab out 200 app~rop~riations, amount ing in all to the sum of $18,500,000. A THOUSAND wonders in nature are lost to the human eye, and only revealed to us through the neroscope. Think of dividing a single spider's web into a thousand strands, or counting the arter ies and nerves in the, wing of a gossamer moth. Yet, by the aid of the powerful lenis of a microscope, it is fouud there are more than 4,000 muscles in a cater pillar. The eye of a drone contains14, Ot00 mirrors, and the body of every spi der is furnished with fojur little lumps, pierced with tiny holes, from each of which issues a single thread ; and when a thousand of these from each lump are joined together, they make the silk line of which the spider spins its web, and which wve call aL spider's thread. Spi ders have bcen seen as small as a grain of sand, andU these spin a thread so fine that it takes '1,000 of thiem,lput together, to eqjual in size a single air. Lessonis in Words. An exp lana:tion'i of the derivation of words1 will give a pupil an inisighit inito their hiistor~y, and lhe will comprehend their use and p~ower. "Sierra " mens a "' saw ;" hence the use of the termis Sierra Nevada, Sierra Morena, for the miountains look like great saws turned upl to th~e heavena. "Frank " conies from a nation that possessed Gaul. They were distin guishied from the Gauls by their love of freedom, their scorn of a Jie. So marked was this national trait that it was applied to denote moral distinc tioins. "Slave" was once a nole word, meaning " glory." It was signiticant of freedom. But the slaves (or Schilaves, as once spelled) became cap tives to the Teutonic race, and so a "SBlave " was synonymous with one who was subject to another. " Turkey " is applhied to a fowl that originatedl in this country, but it was supposed by the common people to have come from Turkey. " Daisy," Chaucer tells us, means " dayi oye"--eye of day. T'he sun had this title first, but those who saw the daiay saw a likeness to the sun -the white flowerets resembling the rays-hence the name. " Knave " meant originally only " lad " and it now means that in Ger many, but so many lads were bad that it got to have a bad significance. " Villain " meant a man who worked on a villa or farm ; but so n~iany of them had rough, hard natures that it took a " Silly" in the old English means " blessed." Our early poets use the word to show harmlessness. The " silly sheep " is very common. But how the word has changed 1-Schtool Journdl