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JLI - D)EVOTED 1) POLITICS, MORALITY, EDUCATION AND TO T" GENERAL INTEREO Ev D. F. BRADLEY & 00. em PICKENS. 20, 1881. VOL. X. NO. 6. TOPICS OF THE DAY. Ex-PRs1DZNT AYBS and wife will shortly sail for England. JOAQUIN MILLER is writing a new play on the Mormon question. BEcnRETARY ELAINE, we understand, is to retire to private life. He is 'wealthy. A GOLD memorial medal of the late President will shortly be issued from the mint. MRS. MARSHAL 0. ROBERTS is a widow of thirty-five, with fair face and $10,00o 4 year. THE war of the French in Tunis goes bravely on, but the Moslems seem to be holding their own. ARCHIBALu FORnEs, the world re nowned war correspondent and lecturer, is. again in America. ARTLICAL seltzer water ,is made in Paris from ground oyster shells. The oyster seltzer water. HEnnERT SPENCER is reported to be en. gaged to an Amarican heiress whose ac quaintance he made in Egypt. MR. AXD MRS. WHITRLAW REI will return from Europe this month. Reid will 'esume journalistic duties. PRESIDENT ARTHUR has asserted that the whole year's salary of the Presi dent's offloe shall go to Mrs. Garfield. THIuTx-FivE families of the Oneida Comunnity have bought a tract of land in O1'ifornia, and will soon remove to it. IT is stated that the grocery trade of 'Charleston, S. C., amounts to $20,000, 000 a year. That is no inconsiderable amount. TH EREare getting to be too many weather prophets and we can't think about mentioning all of them. What we want is, more weather. BECAUsE a QOacinnati brewer has given $250,000 to his children an exchange wauts sonm one to write a poem about it. It opeur up a new field-the beer does. MR. BRADLAUOH declares that "Vic. itoria is the last of the German intruders who will be tolerated by the English people. Albert Edward will not succeed his mother." MR. THOMAS J. BRADY, late Second Assistant Postmaster General, who de ?ired to be tried in order to establish his innocenc% is to be accommodated. "In formantk'n " has been filed. AGRICULTURAn fairs are wondrously benenicial. It is estimated that their in fluence, producing competitions, has in creased the value of stock 50 per~ cent. in many localities the past ten years. P'RESIDENT A RTHR was fity-one years kold on the 5th inst., and weighs 215 pounds. He thinks something of get ting married, and the name of Mrs. 'Marshall 0. Roberts, of New York, is connected in a roundabout way with the event. Ex-Gov. HILARD HALL, of Benning ton, Vt., who is aged eighty-six years, has heard the announcement of all the deceased Presidents at the time that they occurred, beginning with that of Wash i~ ngton and ending with that of Garfield.* WE MA still congratulate ourselves that we live in America. In Russia, in spite of the most~ rigid measures, the eruption of a revolutionary volcano is momentarily expected. Everybody is . suspected, and everybody lives in fear. CONTRArnr to the report ctirrent it -should be stated that the government ha, fixed no valuation upon mutilated silver coin other than the market value of the silver they contain. They are purchased- at the mints by weight as btullion. THE total transactions at the New York Clearing House for the year aggre gated P50,841,886,878.89, or an average of $165,055,201.22 per day. Of the balances for the year, $372,419,000 were .paid in gold coin, the weight of which was 686k tons. The volume of business done wal $11,648,269,121 more than in any former year. .THosE who were so horribly mortinied with a sulrnlus of hot weather must have felt greatly relieved when mercury fell suddenly on the 5th inst. from up in the nineties down to freezing point. In places in Pennsylvania ice an inch thick wa~s formed, and snow fell in the New England States. Much fruit was frozen on the trees. ?own-T~mans are to be bauished from Pans. Fre Ameri.a e-tnd i band to everything that wants to come, which ineans that fortune-tellers call come and welcome. Here these people openly advertise their fraudalent busl nesti and pass for legitimate business people. The best institutions have their faults and America has her's. IN CONSONARVI with other things the preseht venr. the apple coP Is a light one. Miehigan, the great apple State, reports the lightest crop in many years. fn Illinois "apples are selling at five times their usual price." In New York and Maine.the crop is very light, and in Massachusetts the trees are almost bar ren. Seven of the best fruit growing countries report almost no crop. ARKANSAS is a very wild State, but still it is an unhealthy State for outlaws. Train robbers in Missouri manage to al ways evade the authorities, but not so in Arkansas. They overhaul them and bring them to justice in short order. When we remember that Judge Lynch, in Arkansas, last year, passed sentenced of death on 108 criminals, warcan but con clude that her citizens mean to be honor ably and honestly dealt with. GUITAI has told his story at great length, and in it he details minutely how he watched and waited for tho President nearly three weeks before a desirable op portunity to commit the act presendcd itself. He maintains that ho was di rected by divine inspiration-as were men in the olden time--to take tlf life of this man to unite factions. He tells ius story deliberately and lucidly and with out a single trace of insanity. FIGUREs are stattling. in 1553 two Portugeso brothers named Goes took into the Argentine Republie eight cows and one bull, and from thoso have dee cended a herd of 20,000,000 cattle, which, with the sheep, constitutes almost the entire wealth of that country. Of recent years the stock, which has rnn down considerably, hia begun to he improved in the vicinity of Buenos Ayres by crossing with short-horn breeds. T. B. CONNERY has been retired on a pension from the editorial management of ti NeW York Icrald. His successor is Irank Langley, of the editorial staff of the London Telegraph. Mr. Nord hoff, the chief Washington correspondent, has been appointed principal editorial writer, in the place of I. Chamberlain, deeased. John Russell Young and Joseph Howard, jr., are the assistant editorial writers. How to Make Labor Cheerful. A dozen or so years ago the wife of President Garfield wrote her husband a letter, in which the following passage occurs: "1I am glad to tell that, out of all the toil and disappointments of the summer just ended, I have risen up to a victory ; that the silence of thought since you have been awvay has won for my spirit a trimwph. I read something like this the other day : ' There is no healthy thought without labor, and thought makes the laborer happy.' Perhaps this is the way I1 have been able to climb up higher. It came to me one morning when I was making bread. I said to myself : ' Here -I am, compelled by an inevitable necessity to make our bread this summer. Why not consider it a pleasant occupation, and make it so by trying to see what perfect bread I can make? It seemed like an inspiration, and the whole of life grew brighter. The very sunshine seemed flowing down through my spirit into the white loaves, and nlow I believe my table is furnished with better broad than ever before, and this truth, old as creation, seems just now to have b~ecome fully mine, that I need not be the shirking slave to toil, but its regal master, making whatever I do yield me its best fruits. You have been lRing of your work so long maybe you will laugh at me for having lived so long without my crown, but I1 am too glad to have found it at all to be entire ly disconcerted, even by your merri ment. Now I wonder if right here does not lie the ' terrible wrong,' or, at least, some of it, of whiclrthe woman suffrag ists complain. The wrongly-educated woman thinks her duties a disgrace and frets under them, or shirks them if she can. She sees man triumphantly pur suing his vocations, and thinks it is the kind of work he does which makes him grand and regnant; whereas, it is not the kind of work at all, but the way in whiech, and tho spirit with which, he does it." Stinking Pride. Some of the upstarts of to-day can not carry a package. The late CIhief-Justice Marshall, the first biographer of Wash ington, was once in market in Washing ton, wheni an insurance agent, with a waxed mustache, was .priceng a turkey. "I'd buy it," he said, "but I've no way of carrying it home." " How much will you give ?" said the Chief -Justice. " Twenty-fve cents," was the reply. "Give me an order to your wife, then, for the money," replied the Chief-Jus tico, whom the agent did not know. The man holding the highest position in the United States carried home the turke and got the twenty-five cents from the agent's wife, who know the Chief-Justice nnid war horrified at the lesson her airy hiushawlI had eceive. Wily Sul! RQUIRM:DF. "Oh, why St iealleas, darling. a it you fain would Yoursef from out ny presence-tell rue, faireat of the fair Is mny conversation stupid, that you flinch anid twist about Like anl Urchin with the cholic, or an old man with the goltitt bo I tire you with my bioi-es, oi annoy you with my jokes, ottt- ujoi your patlenco critlelsingother folks? Tel I me why you are so restless, aind keel turning on yo r ut, And shrugging up vour shtoulders-tell rue, sweetest of the sweet.l' ' lio Utatleti hide% ht- bhishing fkie *ithni her abilply luttnik,. While ,er fair breast with emotion collapses anl ex And if it 1tionid roice replies: " No, 11o, indeed, Mny Yuir to es, like sweetest .ntsic, fall tupon my listen , eling <ar; O ur i Sence fills ine with delight ; I couild forever BJenen If the selnetillatiulit of gotir sparkling Iative 1lit for the past ten mninuttes I have ben on tor tore's rack, For a .Ju lug has been promenadiuag up and down my back." -rri rbPe ---D'hmit ret, Press. SIBERIAN HORRORCb rxcrin cii~ear nt -1esnSW P'oat~wig tie s fled 14D Mileta18 and C'omtlAW4tet Sn work . 1ig hiumlble furnished lodgings Im oie of the lirge bilihlilngs in the beni te f the city, and earnig ,-L moAderate income Ps - enaher of musi, and lan - Vei age:, s an Old man, counting by years, tlolIgl his eye is So bright, his f17one so molust, an(d his step s; firm that a stran er mno eung him for the first tioe wvould lever suspect that he had pissed mid lie life. But he collies of a hardy race -the Swiss-and was IIurtuhred in the ite-givibg atinosphere of the Alps. In us youtih he had it consitittitfon of iron, s.e, lie Ioiild not have sirvived the suf erings and privations which have been us lot. The assassination of the Czar was an )vent which 111d the effeet of loosening ns tongue, and during a discussion of he cattses of the tragedy he narrated an nteresting incident of his life. " What good can ever come of an as iassiniationi ?" "Assassinatioi I Well, it is an utn leasant word, I admit, but it means iothiug more than bloodshed, and what -reat reform was ever accomplished xithout bloodshed ? It cost rivers of aood to emancipate the slaves of Amer " Trug in that vase, but the serfs of Russia were liberated without the sacri tice of a siugle life." " Do you think the people of Russia tre free to-day ? No. They can not be bought and sold like merehian(ljse, but tihey are slaves all the same. They be Long body and soul to the Czar, whom bhey call the Fatlier, and lie can dispose >f them as he sees fit. You have heard f Siberia. Is a man free when, without lust cause and without trial, lie may be aanished to that place ? Why, even a oreigner loses his freedom the moment li. sets his foot on Russian soil. Do you hmik all exiles are iRussian subjects ? No. I, a Swiss, was in Siberia !" "' You in Siberia ? An exile ?" "Yes." " How could that happen ?" "'I will tell you, because it will show you how great is the powe(r of the Czar and how defenseless are the people. My aso is one in thousands, and4 my suifl-er mlgs nothing as~ compared to those which many exiles enduired. " I was a soldlier ini my youth, and served in miany parts of the world. In my last engagement I was severely woundiced. It is nothing now, b)ut for a time I was incapacitated for active mili tary service. I had always had a taste for music, and had receive'd a good mu scal education. When I retired from the army, therefore, I sought to support myself by teaching. St. Petersburg seemed to present a good field, so I wvent there. I was well supplied with letters of introduction, which p~rocured for me the influence of some of the most im portant personages in Russia, and I had no difficulty in obtaining pupil~s of high rank. At first I taught music only, but I soon found that I could materially add to my income b~y tenching the English, French and Italian languages, of which I had a thorough knowvledge. WVithtin a year I was well established and had Iaid by a little money. I had every rea son to congratulate myself upon my po sition. " But an evil day came. It was sit ting alone in my little library one even ing wvhen two agents of the police en tered andl placed mec undeor arrest." "For what cause ?" "' For what cause ? That21 was the question I myself asked, but it was. many a long (lay before it was answered. Th le police would tell me nothing. They simply hurried me off to prison. No formal charge was preferred against me, there was no trial, but in two weeks 1 was on the way to Siberia. It was win ter, and the journey was a terrible one. Think of it I Thousands (of miles in an open sledge ! I was taken to the Onk bou1 l mine, anud thler(e in the dark, breath ing poisonous exhlaitioins, I worked with convicts of the lowest class, while a guard1, armed with a whip, stood ready to lash us if we relaxed our effo rts. This lastedl for six mnonuths. I could not hamvn stood it mh~l1 longer. Already myv my strenugth wats beginning to fail, al though when I enitered thle mine I was as strong as three men). i determined to ecapel), butt be'fore I had decidled how or wh'leni, 1 was tranisferred to lrkoutsk. TIhue government was' building roads andis neded lab~orers. It was hard work ini the bulrninug siun, bult child's play asI com pared to the mine. After a while they found I was an engineer, and that they' could nmake better use0 of my head thlan of my hands. From that t imeO my sitna ation was noteh pleasanter. "One day I found anI opportunity to escapO it wts in win ek---my sedonct winter in siberia. A courier was to bie fsent to the Czar. He was going in a sledge, ahd ta to be icnedoinpanied part of the way bys guide. I had made good use of my time in the engineering department, apd kne* the -oute from Irkoutsk to t e frontier as iell as it cotild he leatned frohi inai, t fisoled, if possible, to take the place of the giuide. Fortune favored me. Tie courier was to start early in the morning. The n ght before, i found the guide, plied him with brandYA and left. him in a drunken stupor. hefore dabt-eak I r turned and aroused him. He was still intoxicated and very thirsty. A few more drinks of brandy sufliced to again stupefy him. Then I took his clothes, his horse adud his sledge, went for the courier, ahd in an hottf #e had left Irkoutsk far behind us. The cotirldr suspected nothing. He had never seen the real guide, and had therefore no rea son to suppons I was an impostor. I Acconpanied him as fai as Omsk, wheile he procured another guide and atiother *ohiclet Yol hla fb rird I w*Oa it sotry to part with lim, for at every ost ing house since 'p left trkoiltsk had fx1edbed ai'kost. I felt that I would be safer without him. There was one dif culty, however. ;[ had very little. noney -neardely enotIgh tei kep me in fodd until I should reach the frontier. But for tune again favored me. A merchant bound for Perm, required a conveyance and a guide, and as I professed to know the coun try he employed me. It would take too long to tell you all the incidents of the Journey. We arived at Pern, not with out some difliculty, to bo suro (for I was very uncertain of the route,) and I was well paid foi' my services. From Perin I proeceded alone, and although I was Nwithout passports or papers of any kind, I managed to complete my journey. . T shall never forget the day I -.r. ri-ed 'n St. Petersburg. It was still wiater, and I was penniless, httngy and in rags, but I was happy. I had formed the intention of presenting myself at the Swiss consulate, and claiming the protection of the Swis Governnient, I was on my way thither when I was ac costed by two policemen. Not satisfied with my replies to their questions, they arrested me. An attempt had been made the day. before to assasinate a high ofic ial, and all suspicious characters were being taken into custody. What there was in my appearance to excite suspicion I know not, for there were thousands in St. Petersburg as ragged and dirty as I. The tliougit of returning to prison, per haps to Siberia, maddened me. I re sisted but was overpowered, and in a few minutes was once more in a dungeon. For a time I gave way to despair. I fincied myself again in the mines, dying a lingering death. The thought was so terrible that had I not- been chained to the floor I should have contrived to kill myself. "I T had been in prison five days, and hand had time for reflection. I was con v'inlced thait niobody had recognized me, and that my arrest hadllb noionnetion whatever withI my es(cape( from Sibe iria. This gave me hope, and with hiope cameJ the deterninatinon to make another effort for liberty. I should have appealed to the Swiss consul, but I knew that no message I might dictate or write would be conveyed to him. At last an idea struck me, and I actedl upon it. ''Among my pupils in former (lays had b~een a neice of Prince Gortshaukoff. She was a beautiful creature, young, accom plished, and with a heart of gold. We hadl become very good friends, consider ing the difference in station between a princess and a music teacher. I know tha~t if I could commulnicate with her she would assist me, bult howv could I conm mnicate with her ? I had no money to bribe the jail attendant, and without bri b~ery I hadl nothing to expect. However, T conelnded to alpeal to him, and at the niext opplortunity L asked him if he knew lhe ' rincess. ' Yes,' lhe replied, ' she is visitmng the prison to-day. "Visiting the prison,/ I exclaimed. 'otheytnamtvsor. "tisagainst the rules,' said he;bu when awomen and a princess resolves to see the1 prison), who can p~revent her ? She will have her own way, ue rn rules. ,rleonn "' o you think she will come here~ ? "'Who knows *? If she wishes to) come she will coum.' 'At this moment I heard the voice of a prisoni oflieial explaining that this was the delpartnimnt of the ' suspected.' "She is here,' said thme attendant, and at thamt moment she appeared at the door, wvhich had niot been closed. "' Prin cess,' I cried, ' will you not save me1 ?' " ' Whno are you ?' she asked, evi dlently not recognizing me throngh my invountary disguise of rags, dirt and chains. "'Have you forgotten your old music teacher. Do you not know imie?' 'My God ! Is it possible I No, Professor, I have not forgotten you, and I will help you. Whatt must I do to pro~cur~e your release ?' "'Tell the Swiss Consul that I the son of a former President of the Awiss Republic. am imprisoned on suspicion. lie will (10 the rest.' "' I will go to him instantly,' she said1, anid hurriedly left the p~rison. " In a few days I was seit at liberty, anid having, with thne aid of friends, p~ro cured suitale garments, I called to thank the Princess for her kindness. It was then, for the first time, thatI learned the cause of my banishment. "You owe me no thanks,' said she. ' It is I who am the cause of all your "' ' You, Princess !' I replied, in aston ishm.-ni :i ' how is that possiile?' " 'i-~l ,':phtiune'd. hler uncle had had in view hIEr hmarriage with a nobleman why w as bighly obuoxious to her. I t was thought that her opposition to the atlhance was dd1 to a preference for somebody else, and it was finally dicid ed that 1, her music teacher, must be the obstacle. Prince Gortschakoff, in order to get rid of me, procured my arrest aind deportation. She had been surprised it my sudden disappearance and had instituted inquiries, but had learned nothing until quite recently, and then only by accident. A masked ball biud been given at the residence of a lady of high rank, and while seated in an alcove the Princess had overheard a conversation regarding herself. She was about to interrllpt it when one 'ef the speakers coupled my name with hers, and her curiosity overcoming her scrup les, she listened. Armed wit h the knowl edge thus icquired, she bad acensed her Tincle of the outrage. He admitted it, and defended it as a matter of necessity. Sh1.- r1!'o'd him to netre myv pardon, btt he refised. What wa.s the use of so much trouble over a music teacher ? Of course, she could do nothing, but it was the thought of my unhappy fate that led her to visit the prison. " Had she really formed an attach 1rient for you ?" asked the writer. "What a foolish question," said the professor. " This is not a love story. You forget that she was a Princess. "No, I remember that she was a wo man." " Well, I have finished. And, now, Is not a land in which such things can happen a land of eleves. I toll you, my young friend, that my ease(' i not tn ex ceptional one. TIhousands and thout ands have suffered more whose offenses were leas grave than my supposititions one. It is the same to-day. No man is safe in iussia. Without cause, witiout warnints, vithout trial, anybody may be torn froil I& fi !atily ndCl scnt. to Siberia to die by inches. It. is terrible I" " And you think all this may be chan-cd by killing an Emperor or two ?, " Who knows ? It is not imnIossible. If by terrorism the Russian pale'v eaii obtili it ( cnstitutioni. it will 1: To cst less ttan the Great Charter of England. If terrorisial fail, there will be a revolu tioI." " But to return to the rrincess. What hnxs become of her ?" "She is a Nihilist, heart and soul." " And you ?" "&I am a teacher of music and lan !Cuf inges."liraW. Artesian or Sel'Sponting ells. In 1833 the French Government 1egai the sinking of an artesian well at Gre nelle, then a suburb, but now ia iortionl, of Paris. This well wts not co1plete-d until February 26, 1811, ivleno, at a depth of 1,792 feet, the augCr, h1avimg penetrate(d a ledge of rock, sullddeily sank in several yards of water. WIhehi the drill was withidrawn, thi water of the well spurted 112 feet a)ove its top, and ca'ntinues yet to run in a cons! ant stream. Pariis is situate) ini the lowet'8 p)ortioni of a batsini shap~jed mufss of for mnationls, so that the strata slope toward the city. As in Cinceinnat i, whicheh is built on the lowest format ion geologi. cally wihm several hundred miles, aL "ld) flowing well "may be sunken alnost anywhere in its "h asin with almost a surety of obtaining a stoady flOW of! water. The G4renell.' well is utilized for mnany purposes, dlischa~rges 500,000 gallons per diem,, and, as thle water is pnure, it is used for dlrinkinlg when cooled down from its temperatur~e of 82 degrees Fah. at the mouth of the well. The immense abattoirs--slaughtter houses--in the neighborhood are kept clean by its waters. Since 1811, the city of IParis has gone rather extensively into the artesian well business. iTh'e largest is that at Passy, which was comn pleted in 1860O. This is two feet in diam eter andl nearly 2,000) in depth, and dis charges five andl two-thirds million gal lons daily, but its great flowv has dlimin ished the yield of the Grenmelle well about one-fourth. St. Louis has vainly attemplted, by boring a hole some 3,000 feet doeep, to obtain an adequate slilpply of water. She has one artesian well at the Belcher sugar works which dis charges a tepid, meodicatedl water. rt is pretty certain that any well sunmk deep enough in the Cincinnati basin to (is charge a constant stream by natural force would produce warm mineral water, but it is p~ossible the streams from such wells might be found highly useful for many economic purp~oses. At all events, " the Paris of America " mnight become even more like her European exemplar by sinking a fewv huge artesian wells. -Uincinnati Gazette. The English Joke. The mission of the English humorist is, to darkenl the horizon and shut out the false and~ treac'herous joy of exist ence--to shut out the beauty of the landscape antd scatter a $2 gloom over the broad-green earth. English humor is like a sore toe. It makes you glad when you get over it. It is like having the smallpox, because if y ou live through it you are not likely to have it again. When we pass from earth and outr place is filled by another 5ad-.eyed1 genius whose pants are too short, and who muan ifests other signs of greenness, let 1no storied urn or animaltedl bust be p~lacedl above our lovely resting place, but stiuf1' an English conundrum so that it will look as it did in life, and let it standl above our silent dust to shed its (lamp and bilious influence through the ceme tery as a monument of desolation and a fountain of uushed tears, and1 the grave robber will shun our final resting place as he would the melon patch whore lurks the spring gun and the alert and irritable bull dog.-Laramnie Boome HISTORICAL THE probe was invented by Eseo (apus. Tim ancients used pitch to give odor to wine. AMETHYSTS were found in Kerry, Ire land, in 1755. Cinums were first planted in Britian 100 years B. C. FRANCR adopted the system of postal stamps m 1849. MOLE traps were precisely the same in 1357 as now. Popr. JonN XII added the third crown to the Papal tiara. AN AIR OTN was made for Henry IV., i Normandy, iu 1488. IN 1474, William Saxton introduced printing in England. TiE Scandinavians believed the earth to reit upon nine pillars. Tim order of the' Garter was insti tuted in 1348 by Edward III. TN Tn1 fourteenth century the sale of iiosoegiys ocenr as a trade in Toulouse. TuIF Sicilians borrowed the term ad w iral from the Saracens about 1149. Tari first-tragedy was acted in Athens in 535. The first comedy in 562 B. C. Tirn canary bird was introduced into Eur ope early in the sixteenth century. Tnw first mills in England for turn ing grindstones were set up at Sheffield. AMONa the oldest representations of diving apparatus is a print of the year 1511. Tin study of the classics was dis coiraged by the bishops in the fourth century. 1- THE seventeenth century, on the contmiinent, boots were never worn with otlt spurs. li)rmusa the reign of Edward VI Tynidile's Bible was printed more than thirty times. TiE Eddystone Light-house was begun int 176(3, by John Sweiton. It was built in) four years. Qr's EIAZAIETH wore her prayer book hanging from her girdle by a golden chain. THE first clock in Europe was prob ably that sent to Charlemagne by Ab dalla, King of Persia. IN 1764 the members of the church in Coleiaine, Mass., voted "to color the meeting-house blue." AMoNs the (reeks the death punish mnent of certain criminals was aggravated by the denial of funeral rites. P IN 1822 the coast of Chili, one huni dred miles in extent, was raised from two to six feet by an earthquake. IN THE early days of printing books the paper was only printed on one side and the blank sides pasted together. UErs were first introduced into chinirel'es about 4M0 A. D., by Paulinus of Nola, and were then called Nohe. TrE next use of the Mayflower, after her memorable voyage to America, was to carry a bargo of slaves to the West Jie is. * BY A STATUTE of Henry VIII. a person whose wife wore a silk gown was bound to furnish a horse for the use of the Government. TAnING and feathering is a European invention. It was one of Richard Ceour de Lion's ordinanceg for seamen in puinishmnent for theft. PYNBON was the first English prfnter who introduced borders andl vignet' es in his books. Vignettes with human fig ures are probably of the date 1527. FIREWORKS are little spoken of in English history till the time of Eliza beth, and then very slightly, but in the time of Charles they were commonly used at rejoicings. THmE earliest magnifying lense of which we have any knowledge was one rudely made of roc k crystal, which was found among a number of glass bowls in tihe palace of Nimrod. IIEER was the common drink of the Germans in the time of Tacitus, who wrote his "Treatise on the Manner of the Germans" about the end of the first century. A Visit to Ileniry Clay's Tomb. Here we visited Ashland Farm, the home of the "' Great H-arry oft the West." All of that once magnificent farm (except a portion owned by James Clay and on which he now resides) was bought by the State of Kentucky. A portion has been set apart for an Agricultural and Mechanical School. The old residence, on account of its dilapidated eqpidition, has been rebuilt by one of his sons on tihe same model. A good many of the trees planted by thme hands of Mr. and Mrs. Clay as ornaments to the grounds have been cut down and carried away. He is buried in one of the most elevated spots in the Lexington Cemetery. The State of Kentncky has erected over his remains a very imposing monument of granite and marble, cut from its own quarries. In the- basement of the mon umient, through a glass door, is seen his tomb, on which is inscribed one of those eloquent sentences, taken from one of his speeches in Congress, in which he calls on God to bear him witness to the p~urity of his motives and the absence of any desire for self-aggrandizement that prompted his advocacy of the pending measure before Congress. -Lexington (AKy.) C7or. Macon Telegraph. T H E"4rose " diamond is so called not from any peculiarity of color, as many suppose, but from the form into ys bich it is cut, which is twenty-four facets, w'ith the base a plane. In the " bril liant " pattern, invented during the reign of George I., the stone is cut mn form of Ia double cone, the lower end pointed, upper end trnncaed.