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COST OF USING TRA HORSES SHOV Preparing Seed Bed V (Prepared by tbo United State? Depart ment of Agriculture.) During Del ober and November, 1920, representatives of the United States Deport mont ol' Agriculture visited 280 tractor-owners in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. A complete record of all tho .work demo during the year both with tractors and horses was obtained from each farmer, information from which the cost ol' using the traci or and the cost of maintaining the workstock could be determined was also obtained. The investigation was made through the co-operative efforts of the bureau j of animal industry, ellice of farm man- ! ngemenl and farm economics and the j bureau of public roads, in accordance j willi plans outlined at the farm power ; conference at Chicago, III,, In October, i 1910. The object was to obtain Infor- I matten, in addition to that airead., available In the Department of Agri culture, which would aid in determin ing advantageous forms of power for different farms and different condi tions. Farms Above Average in Size. The average size of the farms vis ited was 2f>8 acres. This is consider ably above the nverage size of all farms in these states. Two-plow tractors were owned on 174 of the 286 farms, three-plow trac tors on 104, and four-plow tractors on six farms. One farmer owned a one plow machine, and one farmer owned a five-plow machine. Two-plow ma chines were found on 75 per cent of the farms with less than 160 crop acres, and on 53 per cent of those with lflO or more crop acres. One hundred and six of the tractors bad been In uso one year, 100 had j been in UKO one and one half or .twa: year*, 40 had hoon in nae two and oney half or three years, and 31 had been] In me more than three years. I On the average the tractors were used for 80.8 full days during the year covered by the investigation. Twenty three and live-tenths days of this was drawbar work on the home farm, 2.7 days was belt work, and 4.0 days was custom work. Seventy-three of the 2811 tractors did less than 20 days' work during tho year and 20 did 50 or more dnys' work. The number of workstock still owned varied from two head on ll of the farms to more than 15 on five of the large farms. On the avernge there were (5.8 bead per farm ot the time of the survey, and their value was $145 i>er head. In all there were 1.878 head of workstock on the 286 farms and 111 colts less than one year of age. s The average number of full days work per year per horse, for all farms was 68.6. On 20 of the farms the workstock did less than 40 full days work and cm 27 they did 100 or more days work per year. The tractors did 85 per cent of the plowing on these farms, 78 per cent of the disking, 43 per cent of the har rowing, planting, rolling, and pack ing, 41 per cent of the grain cutting, and about 15 per cent of the loading and hauling of hay. Of 267 men who did spring plowing, 142 did lt all with tractors, 121 used both tractors and horses, and four used horses only. Of 225 who did fall plowing, 190 did it all with tractors, 27 ie-"- both tractors and horses, and eight used horses only. In nil. the power for 30 per cent of the drawbar work on these farms, as measured by days of horse labor re quired for lt, was furnished by trac tors and the remainder by horses. The nverage cost ppr head of keep ing workstock on these farms for tho year ending November 1, 1920, was $159, and the average cost per farm was $1.76. Coots 45 Cents Daily to Feed Horse. Exclusive of grass and stalk posture, the average ration per horse consisted of 1.3 tons of hay, 1.2 tons of straw, 0.2 acre of stover, 87.8 bushels of corn, and 22.3 bushels of oats. The total cost of feed per head was $184. Based on present prices (March. 1921), the cost of feed per head would be about $80. The ovoroge cost per day of horse labor for the year of the survey was $2.48. Based on present prices the cost on these farms would bo not far from $1.50 per day. The average first cost of the two plow tractors was $972. of the three plow tractors $1,354, and of nil trac tors $1,140. The average amount spent for equipment, mostly plows and disks, for use with tractors was about $840. The average value of (ac horse-drawn Implements disposed of after the pur chose of the tractors was 712. The average life of those tractors as estimated by their owners ls 6.7 CTORS AND VN IN YEAR'S WORK Vlth Tractor Power. years. The annual depreciation of the two-plow tractors amounted to $104, and of the three-plow $217. The an nual cost of repairs, including the value of the owner's time spent In re pairing the tractors, was $39 for both the two-plow and three-plow sizes. The fuel consumption per day for the two-plow tractors varied from ahem 18 gallons for fall plowing to about ll gallons for drawing the hay loader. Por tile three-plow tractors lt varied from 23 gallons for plowing to LS gallons for drawing -the hay loader. The two-plow trarlors covered 0.0 acres per day in plowing and three plow machines S.ti acres. The amount of fuel required per acre by the two sixes was practically the sonic, 2.8 pa 11 ons for the two-plow and 2.7 gal lons for the three-plow tractors. Difference in Plowing Costs. The average cost per acre of power for the plowing done with two-plow tructors was about $2 and with the three-plow about $2.20. The cost of power for the plowing done with horses on these farms was about $2.90 per acre. Based on the present costs of keeping workstock, the cost of power for plowing with horses would be about $1.90 per acre. For most of the other operations the cost of power ? when furnished by horses was slightly less Uiau when furnished by tractors. Tho cost per acre of power for disk- ! ing with tractors was $0.67, with : horses, $0.04 ; for cutting grain with ' tractors, $0.67; with horses, $0.50. These figures represent the cost of | power only, and do not Include either the cost of man labor, or that of the Implement! uwd. Thc average cost per day of two plow tractor? for drawbar work on the home farm was about $12.Csr>, and bf three-plow tractors about $17.76.' ; The total cost of power furnished by the tractors for drawbar work at home during the year averaged $341. This drawbar work on the home farm con- 1 Stltuted 76 per cent of the total work done by the tractors, and only 70 per cent of the total annual charge for de preciation, repairs, and Interest on in vestment, ls Included In lt. Tractor Reduces Number of Work stock Needed. On the 172 farms where there had been no change In acreage the num ber of workstock had been reduced by 2.2 bend, an average reduction of 20 per cent. Forty-four of these 172 men had pot reduced the number of work stock, 02 had disposed of one or two bend, 43 had disposed of three or four hood, and 23 of more than four head. On those 172 flinns one horse had been kept for each 28 acres (total acres, not crop acres) before purchase of tractors, and at the time of the survey there was one horse for each 37.7 acres. For nil the farms there hod been an average of one horse for each 27.0 acres before purchase of tractors, and there was one for each 37.9 acres at the time of the Investiga tion. On the farms where there hod bcon no change in acreage there had been one horse for oach 21.5 crop acres before tho purchase of tractors, and there was one for each 29 crop acres at the time of the investigation. Operating Costs May Be Reduced. There were great variations on In dividual farms in the cost of power furnished by both horses and tractors; and by more careful management many farmers could doubtless reduce this cost. Repair costs and fuel con sumption of the tractors could in many cases have been reduced by more care ful operation. The cost of keeping workstock could have been reduced on ?nany farms by more careful feeding practices. The overage annual cost of power for the drawbar work on the homo farm which was done with tractors was equal to the cost of keeping 2.1 head of workstock and this ls prac tically the average number displaced per farm. On the basis of present prices, however, the cost of keeping workslock has declined considerably more than the cost of operating trac tor?. Since, during the year covered by the Investigation, the cost of power on the overage farm was no greater than If lt had all been furnished by horses, any saving In man labor costs, any gain due to getting a larger amount of work done In a given time, and any other advantages connected with the use of tractors which cannot be meas ured directly In dollars and cents, might he considered clear profit. It ls doubtful, however, If such gains were groot enough to balance the cost of operating the tractors on many of tho fanni; where there was no clip n ge in acreage and whore no workstock was displaced. AMERICAN IMJLI/rK? ARK *X)UNl> ! lu lt-oluud-Finding ot 10,388 May | liri nu Hep row en Ul lions to U, S. j London, May 26.-American am munition totalling 16,388 rounds has! been captured in the Dublin district since ^larch 26 last, Sir Hamer j Greenwood, chief secretary for Ire-j land, stated in the House of Com mons to-day. The chief secretary made this statement in reply to Col. Martin Ar-J eher-Shee, Unionist member for | Finsbury, who asked him whether ammunition of Amorican munufac- . ture had recently been captured in raids on Sinn Fein premises in Dub- | lin, and, if so, what was the amount and nature of tho captures. Col. Archer-Shoo, in a supplemen tary question, asked whether, tn view of the fact that largo sums of j money had been raised in tho United ; States "for support of the campaign of assassination and anarchy in Ire land," strong representations would be made to the United States gov ernment with reference to this fact and the Unding of tho ammunition. Another member wanted to know j how it was that this large amount' could come to Ireland, and whether j Sir Hamer would ask the United j States lo assist In preventing its so; doing. The rhief secretary said ho; noted the importance of these sup plementary questions and would cou-j fer with lin? foreign secretary re garding thom. Colds Cause Grip and Influenza LAXATIVE DROMO QUININE Tableta remove tho cause. Thcrols only one "Uroino Quiulue." E.W. GROVE'S signature on the box. 30c. President's Sister Mudo Defendant. Washington, May 20,-Mrs. Caro lyn Volaw, sister of President Hard ing, was made defendant in a $25, 000 suit for alleged libel, Hied to-day in the District of Columbia Supreme Court by Dr. C. R. Lee Cole. The plaintiff claims he was damaged in bis good name and reputation as a result of n letter written by Mrs. Vo taw to Justice Stafford last April 29, during the trial of the domestic dif ficulties of Dr. Cole and his wife, Minnie B. Cole. In the letter Mrs. Votaw, who for merly was connected with the wo men's bureau of the police depatt tnent, asked Die court to carefully consider the evidence, and charged that Mrs. l/olo had been terribly wronged by l*)r. Cole. 1 Crandal Mackey, counsel tor Dr. "Cole, called the letter to the atten tion of President. Harding's secre tary. Mr. Harding wrote the lawyer, but the letter was not made public. Knb-My-Tism is a powerful Anti? . ?ptic. Cures infected cuts, old sores, ; ott er, etc.-adv. .lustiee White's Will Very Hrief. Washington, May 27.-The .viii of Edward Douglass White, former Chief Justice of the United States, was Hied to-day for probate. It was executed Juno 26, 1910, and is con tained in two sentences-51 words in all. It reads: "This is my last will. I give, be queath and devise to my wife, Lolta M. White, in complete and perfect ownership, all my rights and prop erty of every kind and nature, whe ther real, personal or mixed, wher ever situated, appointing ber execu trix of my estate without bond, and giving her seisin thereof." First War Criminal Convicted. Llepsic, May 26.-iSergt. Heine, accused of having ill-treated British soldiers who were prisoners of war at the prison camp at Horne, West phalia, was sentenced to ton months imprisonment hy the high court boro to-day. He was the first Herman offi cer to be (ried on criminal charges arising from thc conduct of tho war. The attorney general demanded that Heine be sent to prison for two yea rs. The next case to bc. tried will be that of Capt. Mueller, who was ac cused of ill-treating British soldiers at the camp nt Karlsruhe. Uti ? 1,7r>1,8?2 in Bank Resources. Columbia, May 26.-The report of 'State Bank Examiner Craig of the condition of the 181 State banks, 16 brandi banks and ono private hank on April 28th showed tho lol al re sources of these banks to be $164, 751,862,1 I. The total savings on deposit were $38,408,862.91. Indi vidual deposits subject to check were $ 17,197,482.7 1. Abandon Air Mail Heute. Washington, May 26.-Tho Wash ington-New York air mall route will bo abandoned af tor May 31, Post master General Hayes announced to day. The urgent need of economy and Hie fnct that moans of continu ing the department's experiments with air mails would bc afforded by the New York-San Francisco route were given as the reasons. If you are doub a Ford Truck fe owns one and ai and will tell yo ers have told us ly a paying pro] It brings the solves the hauli tween the farm feront* jobs evei tear of farm um A post card v Piedn WALHALLA, i THE DISARMAMENT PROPOSAL Meets With Favor-Foreign Govern ments Invited to Send Men. Washington, May 20. - Unani mous Senate approval was given yes terday to Senator Borah's proposal for an international naval disarma ment conference. 'By a vote of 7 4 to nothing the) Idaho Senator's amendment was add ed to the naval appropriation bill, authorizing and requesting the Pres ident to invite the governments of Great Britain and Japan to send representatives to a conference with representatives of the United States in ?tu" effort to reach some agreement, on disarmament. Tue vote was in conformity wiUi til? understanding roached last week by udininislratiou forces to give their support to Senator Borah's plan. Besides the 40 Republicans and 28 Democrats voting for the amendment, announcements were made on behalf of many absentees that they, too, favored tho disarma ment plan. Text of Amendment. The text of the amendment is as follows: "That the President is authorized and requested to invite the govern ments of Great Britain and Japan to send representatives to a conference, which shall be charged with the duty! of promptly entering into an under-) standing or agreement, by which the naval expenditures and building pro grams of the said governments, to Wit, the United States, Great Britain and Japan, shall be substantially re duced annually during the next live years to such an extent and upon such terms ns may be agreed upon, which understanding or agreement is to be reported to the respective governments for approval." Upon the passage of the bill the amendment will go to conference with the House, but its advocates believe it will be endorsed and then approved by President Harding. With the Borah amendment incor porated, an effort was made to reach a vote on the passage of tho bill late to-day, but this was frustrated by debate arising on minor amendments to tho bill. Senators LaFollette, Re publican, of Wisconsin, and King. Democrat, of Utah, also had several amendments pending. The latter promised to introduce several to abolish what be termed "useless" navy yards and depots. Opposes Capital Ships. Senator LaFollette made another lengthy address to-day in opposition lo capital ship construction and con siderable more debate was In pros pect whon adjournment was taken to-night. With to-morrow set aside hy special order for consideration of tho contested nomination of David Hi Blair, to be internal revenue com To Stop a Cough Quick toko ' HAYES' HEALING HONEY, a cough medicine which stops the cough by healing the inflamed end irritated tissues. A box of GROVE'S O-PEN-TRATE SALVE for Chest Colds, Head Colds and Croup is enclosed with every bottle of HAYES1 HEALING HONEY. The salve should be rubbed on tho chest and throat of children suffering from a Cold or Croup. Tho heallDft effect bf Hayes' Healing Honey In side the throat combined with the healing effect of Grove's O-Pen-Trate Salve through the pores ot the skin soon stops a cough. Both remedies are packed In one carton and the coat of the combined treatment ls 35c. Just ask your druggist for HAYES' HEALING HONEY. THE UNIVERSAL CAR $545 f. o. l>. Detroit tful whether it will >r your farm, go to sk him. Or we wil u what dozen of Foi ?-that the Ford Tri position. best markets to ? ng problem on the and the city. It d< ?y day and stands der all conditions. fill bring you furth< iont Motor S. C. WEST> PHONE 34. missiouer, Immediate passage 01 thu Dill was a hazy prospect. Adminis tration loaders expressed tho hope thal it wouul bu tutop ted at tho out side by the early part ol next week. Among minor amendments adopt ed to-day was the committee provi sion for creation in the Navy Depart ment of a special bureau of aeronau tics, with tile head to be selected by the President. Another amendment, by Senator Smoot, Republican, of Utah, udopted would authorize the department to continue publication of the "ship ping bulletin" for Hie benefit of ma rine and other interests. The amend ment provides that lt be supplied to subscribers at actual cost, about $1 a day. Charleston Prospecta Brighter. Kolnstalenient in tho Naval Acad emy af Annapolis of lin midship men who "flunked" and wera forced to resign last January, was tho ob ject of an amendment Introduced by Senator McKellar. Democrat, of Ten nessee. It went over for further con sideration. Senator .McKellar and j others contended thal the midship men had not been fairly dealt with In re-examination. Ills amendment proposed that, they be renominated and placed in a grade a year behind their class. Further negotiations were held to-day between Senators on amend ments recently debated to establish a new naval supply base at Alameda, Cal., and for continuing work on Hie Charleston, S. C., projects. Little headway toward an agreement on the Alameda project was reported,but advocates of the Charleston work claimed to have assurance that be fore a vote the Charleston items pro bably would be reinstated. ASPIRIN Name "Bayer" on Genuine Beware! Unless you see the name "Payer" on package or on tablets you are not getting genuine Aspirin, pro scribed by physicians for twenty-one years and proved safe by millions. Take Aspirin only as told in the Hayer package for colds, headache, neuralgia, rheumatism, earache, toothache, lumbago sind for pain. Handy tin boxes of twelve Rayer Tab lets of Aspirin cqst few cents. Drug gists also sell larger packages. Aspi rin ls the trade mark of Hayer Manu facture of Monoaeoticacidester of Salicylicacld.-adv. Soino Farmers Now Selling. Clover, S. C., May 2 5.-It is evi dent from the way the farmers aro selling cotton at this mnkret that tiley do not believe Hie price is going to be any better soon. More than 30 0 hales have been sold here during the past few days. For Homo timo it looked as if the farmers here would have to plant tho most of their cotton over, but tho recent fine rlans have brought most of the cotton up. Subscribe for Tho Courier. (Bes*.) pay you to buy the man who 1 come to you rd Truck Own iick is positive your door. It farm and be ses a dozen dif the wear and ar information. CHILD ?VIKT ACCIDENTAL DEATH. Child of Less (han Sir Years, Killed nt ('(Miar Springs hy Brother. Spartanburg, Muy 25.- Carroll Newman, between live and six years of ago, was shot and instantly killed about noon yesterday by Robert New man, agod ton, at the homo of R. G. Newman, at Cedar Springs. The lit tle boy was loaning against his sis ter's knee whon the accident hap pened. Tho girl, who is 15 years of ago, did not know that tho larger boy evon bad tho gun. Tho cjiildron were on tho porch whon the older child went in tho house and got tho gun. Ho was playing with it in some way when lt/ was discharged,; the lOttjT etil erin g tho righi shoulder of tho boy, hilling him instantly. The dead boy was a son of tho lalo D. W. Now mun. Hu, hillier and mutator-are both dead. He and his Histor wore living with their uncle, lt. C. Nowman. One of Hie sisters is In St. Louis and two are In school. Young Robert New man ls one of two children. The cor oner was notified and made an in vestigation, bul no inquest was nec essary, as tho killing was plainly ac cidental. No Worms in a Healthy Child All children troubled with Worms hnvo on un healthy color, which Indicates poor blood, and as a rule, t herc is moro or I ess stomach disturbance. GROVE'S TASTELESS CHILL TONIC given regu larly for two or threo weeks will enrich tho blood. Improvo tho digestion, and act aa a genera I Strength ening Tonio to tho whole system. Nature will then throw off or dispel the worms, and the Child will bo tn perfect health. Pleasant to take. 60?; per botUo. Camphor Seale Pe?t. Discovered. Washington, May 25.-Discovery In New Orleans of the camphor scalo, a new insect pest, was announced to day by the Department of Agricul ture, lt may provo a "dire monaco" to the citrus fruit orchards and other cultures of'-tho country unless lt is checked at onco, tho department an nounces. Local authorities aro said lo he takln' active steps to control the pest and have asked assistance of the Federal horticultural hoard and the bureau of entomology in tho work. The insect was discovered attack ing camphor trees in the residential aroa of New Orleans. Hov/ lt got In to the United States is unknown, but entomologists believe lt was Intro duced little more than a year ago. Hitherto it has been known to exist almost exclusively in India, China and Japan. Reported occurrences of lt In ibo Philippines and Porto Rico were investigated as a result of tho outbreak in New Orleans. Enjoyable < Celebration, Seneca, May 25.-Special: Tho family reunion and birthday celebra tion In honor of Mrs. Elizabeth Mor gan's eighty-sixth birthday, at the home of W. J. Iluskamp, was at tended by a large number of pooplo, considering tho unfavorable weather. Among those attending there were eight great-grandchildren. A largo tablo was made across tho long ve randa, whero tho dinner was served, which was greatly enjoyed by all. Though this "most estimable lady has livod to a ripe old ago ,wo hopo that sho may live to seo many moro birthdays, oach ono being happier than tho others as they go by. Subscribe for The Courier. (Beal.); IINSTER, S. C.