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ADDRESS OF STA SENATOR JO! Delivered Before the Souther Richmond, Va Gentlemen: I WHS Invited by the Southern Educational Conference to say something on the subject of cot ton and cotton marketing-I sup pose because I am the author of a bill providing for a State inspection and grading, with State-owned and operated warehouses. I see a measure very similar in principle has been commended to the Legislature of Wisconsin by tho Gov ernor of that State, aud I believe that, sooner or later, all of the great agricultural crops will be bandied in this way. There can be no doubt that much of the high cost of living conies 'from tho enormous profits that go to the middlemen, who stand between tho producer and the cou su mer. There is much being said in the public prints about cheapening the cost of living, but 1 hear very little about the profits of productive labor, if the propaganda was less for the consumer and more for the benefit of the producer, the evil would be .sooner adjusted to their mutual ben efit. More profits on the farm would attract those now in non-productive fields, creating more food and cloth ing. Our census tells a story of a decreasing percentage of country population as compared to the town, and it is a manifest impossibility in this free country, by any fiscal or economic policy, to compel the farms lo feed and clotho a constantly in creasing urban population at less and less cost. I was born in the early days of Mic war on a big cotton plan tation on the Little Pee Dee. 20 miles from a railroad, and am to-day a practical-not a theoretical-plan ter, and can truthfully say that there is very little net profit In cotton at even fifteen cents per pound. There is a constant labor shortage because wo cannot compete in prices with the saw mills and railroads and factories, and as a consequence the most energetic labor goes where lt .commands a higher price, leaving us .the naturally idle and unambitious for the farm. There is nothing to keep the en i Lie a ntl adttcatcd boy <>ii llie tarni Rural H-*J ftotn-iftjftfiun? m .iv, erv "back to the f?riri,'; hut the : trj laues ind bloominR QeNlti do where the comfort which wealth alone can bring is in tho city, where traffic makes gold by its very touch. This exodus from the country Jo the town not only affects the cost of living, but goes deeper, for history teaches us that a nation draws its most unselfish patriotism and purest life from a prosperous agriculture. s It is not my purpose to discuss the tariff, money or transportation ques tions further than to say that for fifty years our whole scheme of gov ernment has revolved around their protection and development at the expense of both producer and con an mer. The farmer is compelled to buy in the protected home market and to sell in the unprotected open-world market. I doubt If there ls a great, fortune in this country whose source cannot be traced to special privi leges conferred by legislation. Every article which the farmer uses in his business, In addition to protection is trust-made and the price is trust-fixed. He must either pay or go without. When he comes to sell his product ho has nothing to do with fixing the price. Ho is a competitor with every otber farmer, and his product is forced on the mar ket under a crop mortgage and lien law system, and he must take such price as may be offered. Time and again we have tried to organize and build warehouses; in fact, In 1911, we did not lack facili ties for storing, but found it impos sible because our debts were due, and money to finance th? crop could not be had. There are several rea sons why private warehouses do not furnish a satisfactory collateral, ex cept for local use, where all of th? parties to the transaction are well known : 1st. A bank In New York or Bos ton must be sure about the title ol the cotton. How do thev know, if l present a warehouse receipt for on< thousand bales of cotton in a ware house In Charleston or Columbia but that some merchant or hankel In my home county (Marlboro) hai a crop lien for advances and wll seize the cotton? 2d. Cotton differs so in price ow ing to the grade, how can the Bos ton man know if I substitute low grade cotton and thus cause him ? loss? It is the constant practice lr many warehouses te substitute cot ton, the only caro being to keep th< same number of bales. A warehouse receipt, to be ,\ gooi collateral, should specify the num TE 4N L. MCLAURIN. n Educational Conference at on April 16, ber of bales, the weight and the grade of each bale, and carry abso lute title to the cotton In the hands of any bona fide holder. The holder of tho receipt must receive on de mand the identical bale, or bales, described in the receipt. This re quires such co-operation on the part of tlie growers of cototn as I do not think will over come, except by in voking the powers of the State gov ernment. The State is not to buy cotton; lt is merely to provide a warehouse where my cotton ls stored, and charges me so much per bale for storage. The State is not to loan money; it merely gives me a receipt which will enable mo to borrow money in the regular way. The State is not holding cotton; sho is providing storage; 1 am hold ing for my own benefit. Tlie State, in her sovereign capac ity, says in this receipt that .J o li ii Doo has one hundred hales in m J warehouse and gives the number weight and grade of each, wit ii Hu marks, so that the identical colton named will be delivered on presen tation of this receipt. Certalnlj there could be no liner collateral in any of the money markets of th? world, because cotton, properlx cared for, never deteriorates. lt ii also the one farm crop easily con vertible Into gold at a moment's no tice. A bill embodying these genera principles passed the South Carolin! Legislature in 1 !> 1 1. and received t'h< signature of the Governor. lt wa carried before the Supreme Cour and declared unconstitutional on ac count of a provision for a bond issue The court, however, emphatically ad m it ted the right of the State, withii the exercise of her police powers, t build, equip and operate a warehou. system such as I have described. An why not*? In South Carolina cotto is the basis of our civilization. If trusts and combinations, man of which have been declared by th Federal Courts to be "conspiracy tn restraint of trade,** fix thc pr'' <t what l cqnsunie, ls li not ,tito dui <>i the goverUutsht to protedt me I a fa ir ve' ii rn tor the products of ni labor? Certainly the cotton crop of tl South, supporting directly one-ilft of our population, and affording en ployaient in its manufacture to <. many more, besides being the ehl< factor in maintaining the nation balance of foreign trade, is wort! of governmental protection, and tl protection of its profits demands tl consideration of wise statesmansh and true patriotism without regal to section. We have solved the problem < production. Lands planted by n grandfather, making about one-ha a halo, are now producing nearly tv bales to the acre. We do not need government e perts to teach us how to grow t proverbial "two blades of gra where one grew before." Let the keep the other fellow from getti our grass as well as his own, and t problem is solved. It ls a problem of distribution, n of protection. I do not hesitate say that if I could be assured of I teen cents for five years, that at t end of that period I would have r lands making 50 per cent more th they do now. The mechanical e< ton picker renders tho harvest I possible if only my profits were si ficient to justify the investment. Tho attempt of the Federal g< eminent to settle the trust quest I hy prosecutions under the Sherm act was a failure because tl sought to destroy, not to regula Tlie reading into the act hy the ? prenie Court of the qualifying wor "in reasonable restraint of trad was, I supi>ose, a piece of judie legislation absolutely necessary keep the business of the nation fr being destroyed by putting all of i great captains of industry in pris Anyway, it means that the trusts here, and here,to stay. The trus an evolution 'toward co-operatl and has educated and prepared people to accept consolidation, competition, as being the life trade. It means greater efllcie and economy In the cost of prot tion. So far as I am concernet heed the lesson and nm ready to ply association to the faun as wei in the products of the factory. So far as the production of col ls concerned, the failures of Orango, the Alliance and kindred ganizatlons ?how that it can onl) effective through legislation. < talnly it ls a function of governn to do for tho people whatever t are unable to do for themselves. ? more than that; it is a sacred d In th? fall of 1911 the 0< port of the government In? -a'. . crop of 14.800,000, and Imine4||tely the price fell $30 per hale, (n 11 .. spring, when lt was determined bj actual count that the crop vns . 000,000 bale?, the price w to where lt started from. Phat what the Inexorable law ot supply and demand does for us. -"ottor is made on credit; start a big ca$ knock the price down In Oct r the lower lt goes the moi - pt our cotton it takes to pay back I rpm If the crop had been te'i million bales, and we were forced t . in.? all of it in two and a hall months, the rise in the spring woi I o benefit the middlemen who botfibJ l< up. This ls no exceptional ca. There 1s an average diff?re).^ ?l per cent between the price ol ber and May-that ls, the fl | tions are 25 per cent abov>> aad per cent below an av?ra b price. . In 1908 the difference in the . marketing period nnd in i.e -sunv mer, taking the high and ? >e >... was $37.50 per bale-as much as my cotton averaged me In 19 ll. ?"Kow the planter who sold at 8 cent-.- ? October sees the same cotton hi ing 15 cents in May and beg wonder who gets the "othei bl? grass*' thal lie made to gro is need and us<- for ever: bi' our colton because production not kept pace wi Uh increai <-d sumption. It is not a que tn: over-production; lt is a qr.-. ; lon marketing and finance-one so embracing interests so vari?, individuals ?o numerous, t*.atrito*.li ing short of the functions of ^'.sov ereign power can solve the !>i*ohl( 'it. The cotton planters are . aiw ; rt over thousands of square nltofe? ' dlvldually producing each a :e.^ that go to make the mighty wjldle I am glad to have the privilege of participating in this grea op?fer ence, and I take this opportunity to proclaim my profound respe > fo" he earnest and able men who tir? lng this great fight for eduction 1 realize that, the lack of gen pal < cation and the blight of Ignorance is the greatest handicap under which the South suffers. I believe, how ever, that lt ls caused moro fron poverty than an indisposition to t?k? advantage of opportunity. When l see our great crop sacrificed yeal after year 1 ask the question V. h ,i chance against the combine <i v???> J and brains of the world hive in iiegrrjef; rtrd 'poor "whites, loiliu? li the .iarett >., ; ids and the Auirus^un to produ- <. the grunt money oroi v Inch tho w??rW ii eagSVly awaltin; i to infuse nov? life into commerce Association and co-operatioi are tin dominating principles of huma i civ illzation, and their only char, f lt ; act through a government wittel proclaims Itself to be of th people by the people and for the p. ip e. It ls just here that we ar nt< with the cry of socialism, must plead ignorance of Ju whs socialism means. I know r . tba 25 years ago the policies n advo cated by the three political parties in reference to railroads and publl franchises of every kind, would hav been considered rank socialism. Ii England David Lloyd George is car rying forward his measures for oh age pension bills and government In su rance. In this country let one rea.' the message of the Governor of Wis cousin and the bill pending in th Wisconsin legislature, and he ca see the drift of the time. It is jw socialism; it is plain, simple, old fashioned justice. I for one do nc believe that we are drifting in thu direction at all. Our people, albe: so-called socialism, love nothing s much as they love justice. I bellev that what the great masses are strli ing for is a state of society under government strong enough and wit enough to Insure to each unit just h ri gil ts and no more. I Millik students of economics an governmental science are too apt '1 apply the ?ame general rules to tl problems of the day which th< have deduced from a study of anciei history and modern European labt j conditions. These do not apply : I the social and economic revolutk In progress In this country. Anal gies with other nations do not met much because they do not take In account the great power bom of tl spirit of our democratic Institution This is the only country where tl democratic idea in government h had a half chanco for full and fr expression. It Is nothing but liber for man formulated Inti a theory government, but lt has In lt an el ment which defies the nnalytk scalpel of the political scientist. ] spiritual jK>wer cannot be measur or defined; we only know that as impels the individual to deal jual with his fellow-man, so, carried lc government, it makes tthe Ideal Co mon weal th. As some animals, moved by a si: tie Instinct, cross mountains and r ers until they find the habitat b< suited to their development, so 2 years ago did your forefathers ? mine seek this continent, feeling p: pin i it-ally that lt was set apart I divine purposes, and stfrH the hum ble men and women of Eu ropo eager ly ?eek these shores. America is the dream that has haunted countless generations of the oppressed in their long, weary search *hrough t'he tragic centuries for Ju Uce. In these later days it has come to .mus under our present financial sys tem that agriculture has not been able to benefit under that co-opera ?lon which has developed our manu facturing and monjed Interests. It o happens that the forces which have to do with the manufacturing, 'lnancing and transportation of com modities, have multiplied their power at the expense of production, until .o-day they dominate the entire gov ernment. The development of a people is never harmonious-that is, rd of the parts do not develop at on ;e. We have made wonderful prog ess in material things, and perlva is this great conference is the begin aing of a spiritual growth through the power of education. Certainly, in the .'calm of political science there is need for Improved devices, which will corn spend with the handiwork of Moree, Edlso.i and Marconi. If there had been no more progress in applied economics than in applied politics we would still bo using wooden mould-board plows and gin ning with mule power. We have made locomotives, telephones and flying machines, but so far have no* advanced on co-operative lines, ex cept for certain favored classes; and right there ls the genesis of labor trouble and discontent on the part of producers. 1 look upon this talk about the Ini itive, referendum and recall as nothing save the unconscious work ing of the great masses for the en thronement of the principle of asso ciation in government, lt is the cry ing out of the people for new ma chinery to meet new needs and new conditions. That is all that the so called warehouse bill amounts to a practical attempt to remedy an evil which has grown up with us. ?uros Old Sores, Other Remedies Won't Curt. The worst coses, no matter of how lone standing, ure cured by the wonderful, old reliare Dr. l*orter's Antiseptic Healing Oil. It rHievea .'aiu and Heals at the tame time. 25c, 50c, $1.00 CHANCE FOR HANDSOME MEDAIJ !3oni|>ete Willi Others und Try for Award Distinction. Way.ihngfon, IV C.. April 2.!. ipocial: A gold modal to the school K>> or girl bet weep 'the ar.es of 10 md 1 r> who v. t ites tho best coinpo* .,iiion, not io exceed boo words, en he repair and maintenance of earth roads, is to be awarded by Logan Valier Page, Director Office of Pub ic Roads, United States Department .>f Agriculture, Washington, D. C. All compositions must ' 1 submitted io Mr. Page before M 16, 1913, and the medal will 1 o awarded as oon thereafter as the comi>osltions an be graded. The composition :nay be based on knowledge gained from books or other sources, but no quotations should be made. After many years' experience in dealing with the public road situa tion of the country, it is Mr. Page's belief that Ignorance on the subject of repair and maintenance of roads ls as much the cause of their bad condition as any other one factor. It is expected that the competition will bring about a better under standing of the subject of repair and maintenance In the rural districts. Many children living In the rural districts have experienced the disad vantages of roads made impassable through a lack of proper mainten ance, and it lu expected that their Interest In tue competition will stim ulate greeter Interest among the par ents, roads have prevented many children from obtaining a pro per education and have even pre vented doctors from reaching the side of rural patients in time to save their lives. Any child between the ages men tioned, attending a country school, may compete. Only one side of the paper must be written on; each page should be numbered; the name, age and address of tho writer, and the name and location of the school which he or she ls attending, must be plainly written at the top of the first page. The announcement of the competition has been sent to the su perintendents of schools In the rural districts. No further Information can be obtained from the Office of Public Roads. This announcement should bo plain to every one, and all children will thus start on a basis of equality. Great Falls Hotel Hums. Chester, April 24.-Word was re ceived here at noon of the total loss of the hotel at Great Falls. This was a big wooden structure ?nd was val uod at about $4,500. For Weakness and Loss of Appetite The Old Standard general strengthening tonic, GROVB'8 TA8TK?.K8S chill TONIC, drive? out Malaria and builds up the system. A true tonic and sure Appetizer, For adults and children. 50c. MONTENEGRINS TAKE SCUTARI. Mountain Men Capture Turkish Stronghold-Turks Capitulate. Cettinje, April 23.-After a Anal desperate attack lasting 24 hours the Montenegrin troops forced their way into Scutari. The fortress for six months, since the middle of Octo ber, 1912, has offered a stubborn and heroic defense. The fierce final assault which gave the Montenegrins possession of Hie city which has been the sole object of their war against Turkey, began on Monday night. Tho Montenegrin army took the offensive along the entire front. They completely sur prised the Ottoi.ian defenders by pushing .'ght up to the Turkish posi tions, wher*. they engaged in close bayonet fighthg. Tho Ottoman soldiers made a number of counter attacks and tried with their ut mo* energy to drive the attacking force Loni their works, but they were finally compelled to fall back and loave their positions in the hands of Jie besiegers, who re ceived consta it reinforcements. Troops Enter City. It was mid light when the Monte n? ?rins ob tait ed their footing in the to tress and detachments of the besiegers entereu the city at 1 o'clock t'.is morning. According to one "eport. Essaad Pasha, the Turkish con??r?nd*?r in chief, recognized the uselessness of further resistance after the outlying key position of Tarakdsh bad fallen. He is said then to have ordered his troops to cease their defense of the fortress. Another report says that the Mon tenegrin commander-in-chief had been negotiating with Bssaad Pasha since Monday for the surrender of tho place. Still another account says that the Turkish troops defended the city un til the last. Although the Servian troops did not participate In the final attack, their artillery was used by the Montenegrin gunners, and it was said that to this fact their success was largely due. Signs Capitulation. The act of capitulation was signed by the Turkish commander shortly after the Montenegrin troops had reached the center of the city. Under the conditions providing for the surrender of Scutari to the Montenegrins to-day the Turkish gnTlijon -was permitted to* maren out of the city with Us arms. . . One Idle I.o*rf, in Hotel Fire. Tampa, Vol., April ??.-One life was lost In a fire which early this morning destroyed the Oak Orove Hotel at Bradentown. Tho man who lost his life was Timothy Young, aged 50, of Augusta, Ga. After the fire had burned Itself out the body was recovered. Young's body had hardly been touched by fire, he hav ing wrapped himself up in bed cloth ing. The heat and smoke had smoth ered his life out. Others in the hotel did not have time to get any of their belongings, but leaped from the windows into the street. None was Injured. The hotel was a two-story frame struc ture. WOMAN SUFFERED TEN YEARS From Nervousness Caused by Female Ills-Restored to Health by Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegeta ble Compound. Auburn, N. Y. - "I suffered from nervousness for ten years, and had si.ch organic pains chat sometimes I would lie in bed four days at a time, could not eat or sleep and did not want anyone to talk to me or bother me at all. Some times I would suffer for seven hours at a time. Different doc tors did the best they could for mo until four months ago I began giving Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com pound a trial and now I am in good health."- Mrs. WILLIAM H. GILL, 16 Pleas , nt. Street, Auburn, New York. "Doctor's Daughter T?>k lt." St. C'oud, Minn.-"I was so run down by overwork and worry that I could not st and it to have my children talk aloud or walk heavy on the floor. One of my friends said, 'Try Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, for I know a doc tor's daughter here in town who takes it and she would not take it if it were not good. ' " I sent for the Compound at once and kept on taking it until I was all right. " -Mrs BERTHA M. QUICKSTADT, 727 6th Avenue, H., Ht. C'oud. Minn. Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Com pound may be relied upon as the most efficient remedy for female ills. Why don't you try HT MOKOAN'** MYSTERIOUS TUNNEL, InteivxtJriK Story Told of Approach to Money King's Residence. New York, April 23.-Scores of persons who had passed the Morgan property on Murray Hill dally with out more than a passing glance at the gates and railing on the Thirty- \ seventh street side of the home of the >ounger Morgan, yesterday paus ed to look at tlu exit of what an Irreverent college boy called "Mr. Morgan's getaway tunnel." The existence of this tunnel lead ing from the basement of the Mor- ( gan house on Thirty-sixth street and Madison avenue diagonally under the lawn to a point about midway be tween Madison avenue and Park ave nue on Thirty-sixth street, waa un suspected by the multitude until it became known that Mr. Morgan In his will had bequeathed his widow a life interest In lt. Primarily the tunnel was built many years ago as a way of reaching easily 'he Morgan stable on Thirty sixth street. The gain ordinarily would no* be much, os there was i nothing to prevent tn? nuco weh' know n dappled gray horse and mod est brougham from approaching the exit to Mr. Morgan's house, but there we/e times when Mr. Morgan was drslrous of leaving or entering his house without possible watchers on the street corner seeing bim. Then the tunnel was Indeed useful. An over-anxious interviewer or even a process server would have trouble watching the house and the tunnel even if he knew of lt. So far as could be learned yester day the tunnel has not been In much use of late years, and very rarely by Mrs. Morgan, and Its gift to her is thought to bo nothing more than an et lier evidence /ot the care her hus band took in arranging every possi ble detail and preparation >for any possible contingency. Discovery of the tunnel recalls to many the fact that the Wall street corner was not only the entrance to the Morgan otllces In the Drexel building, now being torn down. Those who knew might enter the offices through Ihe Mills building adjoining on Broad street, and this entrance was often used by bankers and clerks in a hurry or not wishing to be seen in the public offices of the firm. , There have been times in the street when not everyh-odv cr>red to have M known that ho had ijeen calling on Mr. Morgan, and ethe J times when the Morgan house was not anxious to oull attention t? the fad that a couiefpuce o< bankers, or heads of other Institutions was being held In the office. In these instances word would be passed to enter by the Mills building, where some one was always on guard. Since the establishment of Mr. Morgan's offices In the library and later In the Bankers' Trust building, this entrance has been little used, though its practical closing was not known to those whq/formerly used it. Thus, on his return from the West, where he was traveling when Mr. Morgan died, Geo. W. Perkins, once his partner, after repeated knock ings at the private entrance, was forced to make his call through the front door. A MELD WINTER SAVES MONEY. Average Snowstorm Costs New York City $250,000 to Clear Away. (New York Press.) The mild winter just past has saved New York city nearly $1,250, 000, which would have been spent In clearing away the snow In a normal season. With only one exception (In 1901) when nine inches of snow fell, the imst winter has been the mildest In the history of the department. The j snow fall at Christmas amounted to ono foot and cost $250,000 to clear away. The average snow storm costs about $40,000 an Inch to get rid of. Bain on a fall of snow, freezing it, increases the price to $50,000 an Inch-tlwt la, an Inch all ovor the city. When the snow ls in this state it has to be picked und consequently more labor \* required. On the other hand, should the snow start, to melt lt can be cleaned up at $30,000 an Inch. A flurry or a "teaser," as lt ls called by the street cleaning people, is not reckoned, for that either disappears or ls made to do so oy the rogular department force. Three heavy and three light falls of snow are looked for each year by the street cleaning department. The first ono ls always expected about Christmas, the second one toward the end of January, and the third in March; the lesser storms In between. Their expectations are often upset, for only a few years ago New York bad a 3-lnch snow In April. x The most expensive year In tho history of the department was that of 1906-1907, when the snow remo val cost $2,450,644.03. The average ls about $1,500,000. i