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?** VAf.-?B OP LEGUMINOUS CROPS. These Crops Are Essential to Devel opment of Agriculture. (Columbia Record.) ' "The cow pea ls the most import ant legume of the State. It has a wide use on all typos of soil." This was the statement of A. G. Smith in his address on "Leguminous Crops," at the University of South Carolina. Mr. Smith is the director of farm management of the United States De partment of Agriculture. The series of lectures on agricul ture at the University ls opening up the big questions in the country lifo problem, not only for the students, but also for thc citizens of th? State. The object of this course is to give a practical trend to the mind of the University and to keep its students and faculty sympathetic with all phases of farming, recognizing that the soil is the basis of civilization and the farmer the mainspring of all productive wealth. J Mr. Smith's lecture was as fol lows: Leguminous crops are essential to the maximum development of agri culture in any section devoted to gen eral farming. Truck crops may be grown profitably by using organic 11 manures and commercial fertilizers. In a few farms where live stock is kept, feed is purchased and barn yard manures are plentiful, or where the humus content of tho soil is high, leguminous crops may not be neces sary to obtain the greatest net rc f turn. These are exceptional cases, however, and confined only to a small per cent of farms. In South Caro lina legumes should be grown by at least 99 per cent of the farmers. The trucking section along the coast may get along without legumes for a while, but on the cotton and corn r farms, legumes should always be found. Among the legumes in this State are cow peas, soy beans, vetch, al falfa, crimson clover, bur clover, pea nuts and lespedeza. These, as all ^ legumes have tho distinguishing characteristic of taking nitrogen from the air and utilizing it as plant nod, or adding it to the soil by means of nodule forming bacteria. By obtain ing nitrogen from this source, the amount of ammoniated fertilizers can \ *"> greatly reduced and in some cases --? hft. almoat-if rrnt <?nHr?lv elimi lta! in [ans corn bolt >f tu?- MJd MV.;{ ?r?v(f of the ben far mew ' aumin t:Nc? nitrogen, MM >!> lt red ?dover Cow peas, vetch, devers ? I Carolina for the same purpose, but not as extensively as they should be. The method of growing and hand ling these crops, and how to use them best in systems of farming is an Im portant problem with which the ag riculturist and the farmer have to deal. No one can expect to succeed I In growing them unless the special requirements of the crops are pro vided. The nodule-forming bacteria must be present before they can thrive. If these aro not already in the soil, then they must In some ^ manner be provided. Except in a few cases, legumes do not have the same nodule-forming bacteria. For example bacteria of cow peas will not produce nodules on the roots of soy beans, vetch or al falfa. On the other hand, bur clover and sweet clover and alfalfa can be \y inoculated with one kind of bacteria. Most soils In the South contain the cow pea bacteria, hence its culture has not been difficult. The bacteria of many legumes, however, are not generally contained In the soils of this State. Failures with vetch, al j? faifa and clovers are often made on this account, as farmers do not take the precaution to provide tba needed bacteria. The bacteria can be supplied by taking tho soil from a field where the legume has been grown and tranB I ferrlng it to the new field. Care must be taken to keep this soil out of the sunlight from the time it is taken from the old field until it is worked in the new one, as the sun light will destroy the bacteria. Arti ficial cultures, such as are obtained *\ from the department of agriculture, v are sometimes used Instead of the soil, and under proper environment ave equally successful. The cow poa Is th? most Important legume of the State. It has a wide use on all types of soil, lt is planted l? following oats or wheat or In corn. It does best on sand and sandy loam soils; on the stiff clay soils it is more difficult to prepare the land for cow peas, and not being put in with the land In so good condition, the yield Is not so great. For the best Fresults tho land must be well pre pared and the seed properly planted. Soy beans are now grown In this State; they do not make as good yields as cow peas following oats or wheat. They do best when planted . earlier than tho last of May. Some i>. of the soils, but not all, contain the . nodule-forming bacteria necessary to the grovh of soy beans. With pro per planting and treatment soy beans at Columbia have yielded as high as 61 bushels of grain, or 2% tons of hay per acre. For all type M of soil vetch has given better results than any other winter legume. It is also used more extensively than the others. There are now nearly two thousand fields In the State, and as Its culture is be ing better understood, the acreage is rapidly Increasing. Vetch and Eng lish peas have the same nodule-form ing 'bacteria, so when planted in cow peas vetch grows luxuriantly. The best time for sowing vetch ls from the middle of August until the last of October, although in favorable seasons later plantings may do well. As a soil Improver lt is better than cow peas. The hairy vetch has done much better than the other varieties. A yield of two tons OL cured hay per acre Is not uncommon. Alfalfa grows In every State, and appears to be a coming crop in South Carolina. Success with it has been varied, but this has been due largely to the failure of those planting it to provide the special requirements. When properly handled it promises to be one of our most profitable crops. Alfalfa requires a heavy application of lime, from two to four tons per acre, depending on the type of soil. It requires a thoroughly prepared seed bed, and thorough inoculation. The quality and quantity of thc bay, and tho fact that a stand will last for several years makes alfalfa par ticularly desirable. There are now many fields that give ti vt? cuttings per year, which frequently yield five tons ol' hay and often a hundred dol lars per acre profit. Crimson clover grows bes! on tho clay, clay loam and sandy loam soils. Inoculation is usually necessary for these crops. Fall seeding is the best. The growing of crimson clover is be ing rapidly extended In South Caro lina. Red clover does well on the clay and clay loam soils. Owing to the heat, it does not make a good return on sand and sandy loam soils, lt can be planted either in the fall or early spring, lt is commonly sown with wheat or oats. Being a biennial it grows up after the wheat and oats are removed and furnishes pasture or hay for the succeeding year. It Is exceptionally fine for grazing pur poses, and as such it has wide use In the Northern States, lt was formerly grown extensively in the Piedmont section, but of late years cotton has likest wholly driven ft ont Tts eui i . re ls ?ow b-iin taken up -.gain, nd a few ?ood fields are being grow n But clover does well on all but th j 'Juitu. "2*. "VllC 11*11 \i Iw ~?"*T?*VrtIT" contains plenty of organic matter lt will thrive on the sandy soils, but not like lt does on clay and loamy soils. Bur clover carries bacteria, so when the seed are planted in the bur no further inoculation is required. Peanuts are valuable on loose soils. One of the greatest peanut re gions in the world is along the At lantic coast of Virginia and North Carolina, on soils similar to a greater part of those in the lower part of this State. The production should be greatly advanced. Peanuts im prove the fertility of the laud, and provide food for both man and beast. They rarely require inoculation, and with the exception of the Spanish va riety, lime must be applied to make the pods fill. LeBpedezy, or Japan clover, grows wild In many places, and in the river bottoms makes a good hay. Except on moist, rich lands, however, it has not yet proved a profitable crop. Dr. Simmons Squaw Vine Wine Is prepared expressly for the ail ments of women. It contains Ingredients which act directly on the delicate female constitution, mildly and pleasantly-yet lt ex ercises p. most beneficial effect nil through the system. BR. SIMMONS SquawVine Overcomes weakness, nervous ness and Irritability. Gives prompt relief from the depressing bear ing-down pains, backaches, nau sea and Irregularities which cause so much suffering and despond ency. It has a most happy effect. Restores strength, renewed hope, cheerfulness and the energy and will to perform the duties of the household which formerly were so trying and distasteful. Sold by Dru g gist? and Dealer* Price $1 Per Bottle C.F.SIMMONS MEDICINE CO. Bold at Bell's Drug Store, Walhalla, for Women ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI fr ABOUT HKDUKH AND BERMUDA. Senator Tillman Shows How Gully. Washed Iranda Can Be Reclaimed. One familiar with the topography of the State and character of the soil in upper South Carolina understands why tho soil washes away so badly. It embraces fully one-third of the State. Portions of this are much more hilly than the rest. On certain solis of a red kind, owing to the freez ing and thawing in winter, the cash ing and denudation ls much more marked. Any land In this region grows Bermuda grass admirably, and, even where the soil Is gone, If the land Is broken deeply and a little stable manure used, Bermuda soon sods it over. On land entirely de void of soil, or extremely poor the best way to secure a Bermuda sod is to sow rye and fertilize with com mercial fertilizers. That plant grows with less humus than any of the grains and tho roots will serve to give the Bermuda a foothold if tho rye ls grown and allowed to rot on the land. Once sodded and put In pasture it recuperates and Its fertil ity is restored very rapidly. The trouble with growing cotton on such land, as lias been too long the cus tom, ls that having lost its humus, lt washes very badly and soon becomes sterilized or so poverty-stricken that it will not grow anything profitably, When thc land ha*s been pastured several years and the Bermuda sod becomes set and grows all over it. an admirable crop of oats can be grown on it if commercial fertilizers are used in the dril! when the oafs ?re sown and no injurj will result to the grass at all. Oats should bo sown every third or fourth year In such soils. In fact it makes better pasture for plowing it. up deep and turning the Bermuda roots under the land. Such farms can be made profitable by stock-raising without the necessity of growing cotton. Cotton, as every ono knows, requires hoeing, and hoe ing Bermuda sod is costly and labo rious. There are thousands and tens of thousands of acres of land in the Piedmont or regions north of Colum bia that are very badly gullied or washed. These soils have all the mineral elements In ample quantity to grow fine Bermuda grass. All they need ls to get this grass on them and usc them as pastures, alternating with oats as I have already indicated. Th*?rp nr? TT??OV thousands of acres ol land o Iginnlly very forillo and denaetj ijOod.od yhlcl i?re apw gi vea . .?er to .. stricken old-field pine thickets Tull of gullies, whore the "prnc'-^rc ^rw^j-^tt-i-rr-none ol the vigor usual with that type of trees. How to restore these now barren and useless acres to productive agricul ture is one of the problems which Clemson College seeks to solve. On its own farm at tho college it is show ing the possibilities of recuperation coming from Bermuda sod on lands once gullied and washed away. What can be done at the college, and has been done, can be done throughout the Piedmont region of the State. The only drawback to making land profitable for stock-raising ls the lack of fences. Any ono familiar with the expense and trouble of keep ing up wire fencing must welcome the hedge plant that will grow under favorable conditions and produce a fence In from six to ten years, ac cording to the way it is treated. Such a plant ls the Citrus Trlfotlata or hardy lemon. I have known the value of this plant for twenty years or more. Dr. C. U. Sheppard, at Summerville, and P. J. Berckmans, of Augusta, Ga., have grown tho hedge successfully for thirty years or more. I have on my plantation at Trenton more than half a mile of such a hedge, and It makes a fence entirely impervious to stock of all kinds. To use the old Saxon adage, lt is "pig tight, horse high and bull strong." I doubt very much whether even an elephant would like to tackle lt for the millions of thorns are very strong and sharp, and the bush, which be comes a small treo when neglected, has a very stiff stem and ls not easily bent. The only enemy I know, and the worst one t? the citrus hedge, ls fire. If crab grass ls allowed to grow and leaves to accumulate under and around the hedge and then fire gets in1 it, the plants will soon die, for they aro very sensitive to fire. My experience with this hedge has been so satisfactory that I feel war ranted In urging the farmers every where in the State, and especially In the Piedmont section, to try it wlth ou hesitation If they want a living fence that will not rot down and needs very little pruning to keep In order. The plants should bo pruned any time between tho 1st of Novem ber and the 1st of March. One prun ing a year ls all that ls necessary. A pair of lopping shears with handles throe feet long is the best tool for the purpose. If the hedgo is allowed to grow more than five feet tall, then Waters' tree pruner, with handle six feet long, ls the most convenient tool to use. Wither one of these tools will cut a stem one inch In diameter. The parts removed by trimming should be raked up and burned. If an or namental hedge is desired, then it ls desirable to prune three or four times during the growing season, using the ordinary hedge shears. In England where they have the hawthorne hedges there is a mowing machine which runs by horse-power and both cuts off the top of the hedges and trims the sides. The machine is ar ranged so that the cutting knife can be elevated to cut the top of the hedge and then it can be run per pendicularly to cut the sides. There may be two machines required to do this work, but I have seen the ma chines *?' work outline off the tops and trimming the sides. Whether it was the same machine or two differ ent machines, I do not know. The main thing ls to cut when the growth ls young and succulent, before it hardens. In planting this hedge on poor land, ns much of lt will be planted on that character of land, the farm ers ought to plow out a strip four or Ave feet wide with a two-horse plow and as deep as they can make it. The last five furrows ought to be subsoiled and the water furrow raked out with a hoe down to the clay and a ditch made. If this is filled with stable manure, so much the better. If this cannot he had, rich earth raked up from the woods or low places where it lias been washed should be placed In the bottom of this ditch and thoroughly mixed with a liberal quantity of equal parts of cot ton seed meal, and kalnlt. This ought to insure a rapid growth. The plant lises very easily, as iL has a large number of roots, lt is import ant that It should bo cultivated after it begins to grow so as to keep down the weeds and grass. This can be done easily by plowing and working the same as a row of corn. After the hedge is started and be gins to grow, if there are any miss ing places, they ought to be replant ed the next winter and extra care taken to get large, strong plants to replant with. The hedge should be cut down to the ground the first winter after it is planted pud becomes established so as to make it buch out low and make a close fence. The proper distance for the plants to be placed ls from 18 to 2 1 inches, not wider. B. R. Tillman. Man Grows Lion's Head. Pitt^tgh, Pa., Dec - Dr. Mar tin ii!v.:r (s attend', ig a , lathi nf whose r.iHlacV annoi be diagnosed by any . tfL O'- e-uftysieiana who have observe* thye case. The man, Charles Jiost, a. salesman, has been 111 for months. Gradually the nina's head has en larged, and the features are becom ing Uko those of a lion. The lc wer part of the body has grown rabidly. The torso and limbs have become heavy, and within three months Yost's height is said to have increas ed nearly six Inches. Some of the doctors suggest that Yost ?3 the vic ti'U of a rare kind of leprosy, but Lr, Greer refutes this story. He says if Yost continues to grow as he has in the last three months the man will become the most re markable giant of modern times. Not Pit for Self-Govemment. A dispatch from Washington says: Only 5 per cent of the Philippine people desire self-government, ac cording to Dr. C. V. Piper, Commis sioner of Education at Manilla, and opponents of the self-government ag itation in Congress are preparing to use thl? statement in fighting "home rule" legislation. Dr. Piper made his declaration before the Anthropologi cal Society recently. "The people of the Philippine Is lands have made but little progress during the century," he said. "The educated class, which comprises about 5 per cent of the total poulatlon, Is in favor of self-government, but the remainder are willing to remain sub jects of the United States." Dr. Piper declared that the United . " es should maintain sovereignty over the archipelago throughout the present generation at least. The Fili pinos, he said, should not be entrust ed with the responsibility of govern ing themselves until they were pre pared for it. Pin in Her Body a Year. Boston, Dec. 27.-Miss Catherine Boyle, aged 19, of No. 162 Ashment street, Dorchester, went to the Car ney Hospital to be treated for a pain in her chost. The surgeon removed a piece of safety pin. Her sls,ler Helen, who is employed in that Institution, explained that Catherine foll a year ago while visit ing In New Tfork and thought that the pin that was In her shirtwaist broke, part of lt forcing itself through the skin. The young woman missed the pin at the time, but thought nothing of it till five nights ago, when the pain awoke her. A "warm breakfas you out read/ braced fo; should be ef .ten in a w You lose half the good o ering in discomfort while y< A Perfection Smokeless a cosy meal for the whole No smoke or smell with a Pei moved from room to room. An i the bedroom ; a necessity in the f Dealer? everywhere ; or tori STANDARD Ol (Incorporated ia Newark, N. J. NIAGARA FALLS. The First Description of America's Wonderful Palls. In the autumn of 1687, writes John Pf iley, In Scribner's Magazine, a Franciscan frair-Hennepln-set ont alone-the first solitary figuro of the expedition, a gray priest-from the gray rook of Quebec, In a birch canoe, carrying with them the "furniture of a portable altar." Along the way up the Saint Lawrence he stopped to minister to the habitants, too few and too poor to support a priest, say ing mass, exhorting, and baptizing. Karly in November he arrived at the mission at Fort Frontnac, which ho had two or three years before helped La Salle to establish in the wilds. Soon La Salle's lieutenants appeared, with most oC tho tn en, and while .st ine were dl?batelu .1 In ?.ano. .. i > l illie MKM&UM io gather tie h ftftl? Hf sect ftftniurit the coming of the Ship . tos? keel .'?ac', not yet been the rest (La Motte, Hennepln, and six teen men) embarked for the river by which the upper lakes empty Into Lake Ontario and the Saint Law rence, that is, the Niagara. To this priest (Hennepln) we owe the first description and picture of Niagara, probably now more familiar to the world than any other natural feature of this continent. He has somewhat magnified the height of these falls, but they are Impressive enough to ac quit him of falsification and powerful enough to run virtually all the man ufacturing plants In the United States if they could be gathered within reach. As lt is, less than 4 per cent of the water that overflows from the four upper Great Lakes into the lower lake, once known as lake Frontnac and now as Ontario, Is di verted for utilitarian purposes, and yet lt supplies the American and Ca nadian, almost equally between the two shores, over three hundred thou sand horse-power. What the conver sion of the strength of this Titan, for ages entirely wasted and for a cen tury after Hennepln only a scenic wonder, means or may mean to In dustry In the future, is intimated In some statistics furnished by a recent writer on the Great Lrl-es showing the relative cost per mo ith of a cer tain unit of power In a number of representative American cities. Hero of Manila Kay is 75. Washington, Dec. 26.-Admiral George Dewey, hero of the battle of Manila Bay, to-day celebrated quietly his seventy-flfth birthday. The vete ran sea fighter said that he never felt better In his life, and friends who called to congratulate him on the anniversary of his birth declared that he looked like an "ensign." The ad miral attiibutes his splendid physi cal condition to constant riding and to the further fact that he keeps away from midnight banquets. Ile said he abandoned attending banquets long ago. "So should any man," he de clared, "who wants to feel as young as I do when he is 75." A great deal of Canadian lumber goes to China, largely for railroad construction. I j=?f Breakfast Ina Good, Wann Room J REJECTION t-the kind that sends r a good day's work arm room. f the meal If you are shlv >u eat it. Oil Heater makes breakfast family. lection. Easily cleaned. Easily ornament anywheie; a luxury in >ewlng-.-oom or the bathroom. ta for descriptive circular. L COMPANY New Jeraey) Baltimore, Md. RIVER WATER I SEI) S TIMES. California S Oreen) Diverted for Pow er, Irrigation and Water Supply. (?."rom Water Supply Paper 234, Uni ted States Geological Survey.) Power can be developed upon many surface streams and applied to the recovery of the water of the streams after it has sunk into the earth in the lower lands of the val leys. An instance of this character according to the United States Geo logical Survey ls to be found along Santa Ana River in Southern Califor nia. A part of the water of this river is stored in a reservoir In the San Bernardino Mountains and the flow of the stream is thereby regu late.'.. After lt escapes from the res r-w/r ll U fliviffli 'Ve . iii fi fcVwor .mt und eic trie po .vcr i?< generated. I Below this power plan' It is nedi I vertod and passed through a second [power plant. Below tb}* ii :~- al! dis tributed and used for municipal pur poses and irrigation about Redlands and Highlands. The waters that re turn from the irrigation are recov ered in springs and flowing wells and by pumping plants, a portion of the power developed higher up on the stream being used for tho pump ing. This recovered water is used for irrigation about San Bernardino and Riverside. A part of it reap pears in the river above Riverside Narrows, where lt is again taken out into a power ditch whose waters are returned to the river above Corona. A few miles below lt ls picked up by canals and distributed to the orange and deciduous groves about Anaheim and Santa Ana. The portion of It that returns there, by Irrigation, to tho ground water is once more re covered by the many pumping plants and flowing wells west of Santa Ana. A single drop of water In its pro gress from the mountains to the sea, a distance of only 100 miles, may thiiB be used as many as eight times for power and irrigation. I ?en ve? $2,500 to Thorn well. Christiansburg. Va., Dec. 26.-The will of the late Tudge Archer A. Phle gar was admitted to probate here to-day. It provld <s a bequest of $2, 500 to ThornweM Orphanage, at Clinton, S. C. B. M. Hagan, of t .e Bank of Christiansburg, ls named as executor of tho will, which was written aboard a steamer at Panama and dated Sep tember 4, 1912. Where the Money Went. "A man died," says the teacher, "leaving to his eldest son one-fourth of his property, plus one-tenth that of the share received by the next son, who was to receive one-fourth of the proj>erty, plus one-twentieth of the sharo received by the third son, who was to receive as much as the other two received less one-fifth,of their combined inheritances. How much did each get?" "Nothing," promptly answered the thoughtful boy in the second row. "Tho lawyers got it for breaking the will." Esl~1885 C IUZERJ