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.? *.I . THK PAST AND FUTURS * . UK THK PHILIPPINES, ?j . _4_ * . Hy J. T. Knox, * . A Former Oconocan. . . For The Keowee Courier. . Luchan, Tayabas, Philippine is lands, July 15, 1907.-In writing this letter I am sorry to say that the writer is not very widely known in his own county (Oconee); but I un at the same time proud to say that the Oconee people whom 1 have known are (unless I am deceived) my best friends; and 1 believe that a short letter from this country, though badly composed, will inter est many of the readers of The Keo wee Courier. If you will excuse me, I will devote the first part to Personal Work. I left home July i, 1906, and thir ty-seven days later landed In the city of Manila. On my way over I spent about thirty-six hours in each of the following cities: Honolulu, Yokohama, Kobe, Nagaskl, Shang hai and Hong Kong. From Yoko hama and I went by rall to Tokyo, and from Kobe 1 visited Kyoto. These stops, of course, did not give me the History of the Hawaiians, Japanese and Chinese, but I learned many things that would be new after reading about the countries a life time. After landing in Manila I reported for duty, and was assigned to the constabulary school, Manila, where all new officers receive a course of instruction in regard to Philippine duties. My class finished this co"rsc of instruction December 24, and was ordered to Join companies on the first day of January. I landed In Lucena, layabas, headquarters Sec ond District, on January 10. After a twenty-four hours' ride on steam boat from Manila I was assigned to the Second General Service Company of this district, and about three days later received an order to take half of my company and proceed to Tla ong, a distance of twenty-five miles north of Lucena, to guard some gov ernment property at that post until a change could be made. While at this station the other half of my company was transferred about fifty miles south of Lucena to Pltogo. On the last day of January I recei.ed an order to Join my compnny, and after a four-day hike through the swamps reached Pltogo. I was placed In command of my company February 28. About the last of April I received a telegram, "Rush your company to Unisan." At 12 o'clock the same night the com pany and all the property was on board of a government boat, and the next morning we landed In Unisan, where we were met by one officer of my company and another company. From ?lii-.sc officers I learned that two other companies had been sent about twenty miles on the eastern coast. I also learned that there was a irge band of insurrectos between Unisan and the eastern coast. We spent about one month after this band, and when we left the field they were all in or out. When I reached Unisan there was an order walting me to take half of my company to Tananns and relieve the two companies on the eastern coast. After two weeks I was ordered back to Unisan to Join my company. On June 16 I received an order transferring me to the First General Service Company, then stationed In Tiaong. About three days later we were moved to Lucban, where I am resting easy and looking for another order, because I know not the day nor the hour when that order Is coming. H'stni-len I and Otherwise. The Philippines were discovered by Magellan in 1521; first settlement by Spaniards was made on the Is land o? Cubu, 156o. The life of the natives before 1569, when Spain took possession, was similar to that of the American Indian before America was Inhabited by the white man. After Spain took possession of the Islands the people made some progress in civilization. During the spanish reign they had trouble with tl^e Dutch, English, Chinese, and numer ous rebellions of the natives. The Spaniards continued their reign until 1898, when the islands were cap tured by the United States, and since that time the United States has done many things for the good of the is lands and uplifting of the people. The group embraces about 3,000 Islands; many mere rocks and unin habited Islets, but only 4 00 or 5 00 are cultivated or valuable for mine ral or other resources. The area, including the Sulu Islands, is esti mated at 114,602 square miles. The entire Archipelago is probably of vol canic origin. The interior of all Is lands is mountainous; many volca noes exist, several in almost constant activity. Apo ( 10,826 feet, on Min danao, and Halc?n, Mindoro, are the highest elevations in the Philippines. Between the numerous mountain chains are luxuriant plains, and wide, fertile valleys. Rivers and lakes are numerous, ?'specially in the larger islands. The coast line ls ir regular, the numerous creeks and bays forming many natural harbors. The eastern coast ls steep and rug ged. Hot springs of Iron and sul phur occur in many places. ibis is the land of continual sum mer, the hottest season being from March to May. Most of the islands receive rain during the southwest monsoon, rainy season beginning the middle of April and lasting six months. The dry season lasts the other half of the year. On ali coasts facing the Pacific Ocean the seasons are the reverse of the above, tho hot est months being June, July and Au gust. The temperature ranges from 60 to 90 degrees; menu average 81, but while the thermometer does not register very high the vertical rays of the sun cause the heat to be more oppTssive at 90 than it would beat 110 in the Temperate Zone. The nnnunl rainfall in Manila is said to be 100 inches. The greater part of the Archipelago ls periodically dis turbed be terrific hurricanes, and earthquakes are frequent. The is lands in genoral are very healthful, excepting the marshy districts, where malaria exists; yet the rate of mor tality ls low. Tho agricultural resources of the Philippines are unsurpassed. A large proportion of the arable area being entirely undeveloped. Thc soil Is of extraordinary richness and fertility. All economic plants of the tropics being successfully grown. The chief industry of the islands is the production of hemp, sugar, copra and tobacco, and the leading pro duct is hemp, a fiber obtained from speci 's of banana or i>laotian. The plant is found wild on all the moun tain slopes, but is cultivated most extensively tn the islands of Leyte and Province of Albay, Luzon. The sugar industry is second in import ance, the chief centers of production being Luzon and Negros. The cocoa nut plantations are very profitable, and the production of copra (dried kernel of cocoanut) is constantly In creasing. The culture of tobacco is also prominent This plant was in troduced from Mexico in the six teenth century, and the Island pro duct ls the finest quality grown. We also have cocoa; rice (generally the staple food of the natives), Indian corn, sweet potatoes and tropical fruits, uncultivated, grow in all parts of the islands. The forests are very extensive, and as yet practically untouched. The mountain ranges are thickly clothed with trees and light undergrowth. Many varieties of rare hardwoods, suitable for interior wood-working, manufacture of furniture, shipbuild ing, etc., abound; other trees afford dye wood, gums, resins and flowers used in manufacturing perfumery. Numerous palms, Including .cocoanut and bamboo, grow in profusion. The entire uncultivated low-land Isi ja sold :.iass of ferns, vines and small trjes. All the tribes have some kind of religion which they hold sacred. This religion is always founded on some principle, which is considered the most sacred thing in existence. How ever, we have some people in the Philippines known as the non-Chris tian tribes, and in our view this is true. Wo also have Protestant mis sionaries, who are at present estab lishing churches, and the Aglepays, who separated from the Roman church because they did not believe in making known all their sins to the priests, but the larger part of the natives are Roman Catholics, and it is the people of this religion that I am going to describe. During the Spanish reign the church represented the wealth of the islands. To-day they have large and beauti ful churches and many costly images and decorations. In these churches they do not J ave any seats because the people, while in church, are sup posed to be on their knees in solemn prayer, and during services you never see young people making eyes at each other; but after leaving church they seem to think the remainder of Sun day was Intended for dances and other pleasures. The Filipinos, as a rule, are very polite to the Americans and to each other. When one visits a Filipino homo he ls treated with all the hospi tality possible. The first thing after being seated one must make a cigai or cigarette, and by the time lt ie finished th<> servant will bo ready tc serve wine, after which comes ano ther smoke, etc. The greatest social functions ar? the dances, (waltz, two-step and rlg adoon), and in the towns of any size they have a dance almost every night, which never comes to a close before 12 o'clock. About ll o'clocK they serve coffee and dulcie, a Fili pino name for decert, after which the dancing is resumed. The Fili pinos are good dancers "from th? cradle to the grave," and after the music starts they seem to be lost tc the world, guided by the sway oi music. After the dance all the seno' ritas must leave with one marrlec couple, whose duty lt is to make thc round and see them all to their re spective homes. The musicians gen orally go In front, ladies second, ant the married couple last. After tl? last senorita reaches home the musi cians are dismissed. Wh<*fi a young man is in love with a girlie must first make love to th< old people. After making things right with the old fo'ks he may mak< frequent calls on the kirll, but the el ders are always present. The Amer leans have an easier time, because very few can speak the dialect, s< they pass the old people without aminatlon, und after this they tan English tc the girls. Thus the ole folks can't learn anything unless on? says something to make the senorlti blush. In discussing this question I shal only deal with the wealthy nnd edu cated class, because the dress of th? poor and uneducated does not neec any explanation, and those betweei these two classes will, naturally, tr: to follow the best. The dress for tin men is almost the same as in th? States, except thnt they never chang? the style, and their clothing is al made of white. The ladies neve wear anything on their heads excep when they go to church or other re ligious gatherings. On these occa sinus they wear a large silk veil which ls fastened on top of thei heads so as to hang evenly arouni their body, extending almost to tb ground, open in front so as not ti hide the face. The dress waist 1 made of pink cloth, which ls ver; thin, always open in front, fastenei with pins, and what I call a low neck dress. Around their necks the wear a yoke or mumer, mnde sepa rately from the waist. This yoke ha a V shape, which comes to a point li front, low enough so as not to In terfere with the low-neck. Th sleeves are made very large and han loose, without cuffs. The cloth 1 nothing more than a net, starche so as to stand well out from Ul arms, which can be seen very plalnl up to the shoulder. Tho skirts ar almost the same as our America ladles wear. Here ihey wear shanq Iles for shoes, and while dancin they often lose them, and aa the recover their Bhoes lt isn't any trot ble to percelvo that they will nc lose anything else from their feoi Can you guess why? My short year over here has bee r>ne of health and pleasure. The hil lory of this country has never bee written. The area is no longer looV ed upon as a mero dot upon th earth. Tho agricultural products will 1 the future be used In nil parts of th world; the excellent forests will fu nish timber to make the best furni ture for our homes; the people will tc educated; their style and customs will be changed as they come in touch with other nations. The soil that bears "Old Glory" must be fer tile and bear the best of fruits. Very respectfully, Julius T. Knox. THE NEWSPAPERS OP OCONEE. View and Review of the Field as it ls and HMS Been. (From Seneca Farm and Factory.) We make the assertion in the light of years of experience with newspa pers, that there is not a paper In Oconee county, with the exception of The Courier, that ls worth fla year. The intelligent public knows this, as a rule, and acts on this knowledge. A dozen papers in th? county could get a smattering of a subscription Hst from business and charitable considerations; but a paper can't ex ist permanently jnless lt can make itself a necessity and make ita pa trons feel and know that they are getting value received for their money. You can't even fool MOST of the people all the time. A little "fulsome battery" will win a man here and lose one there, but the dear people oan't be caught In a dollar trap with io-cent bait. When a business of ANY kind ls in position to deliver the goods, customers will not be found wanting. The public ls discriminating to a nicety and will buy what lt wants if the goods are worth the price on the ticket. Many papers are clamoring for a higher subscription rate on account of ad vances In paper, work, and all other material. This gives the make-shift weakling, that uses but little of either work or material a chance to insist on contributions of wood, pumpkins, potatoes, coal, or any thing that will help perpetuate their floundering existence. We recall an instance when a local paper said, in substance: "Boys, chip in the dough and we'll make the towns right around you look like thirty cents In Chinese money." Ful some flattery would dignify this ef fort, but it took that kind of doses to make the brethren stand still long enough to be curried. We remember reading in a trade paper one time this stanza: "Con centration of money and brains, on any given enterprise, will produce success or annihilation." The writer didn't go so far as to say what would happen if the enterprise was short of both these ingrediente. There is no probability that the town of Seneca will, for some time yet. enjoy the advantages of a rep resentative newspaper. Efforts enough have been made to secure re sults, but experienced management and direction have been conspicuous for their absence, and there are yet bubbles, fancies and foibles to be ex ploded before the people will quit hailing from Missouri. The finest coffee substitute ever made has recently been produced by Dr, "hoop, of Racine, Wis. You don't have to boil it twenty or thirty min utes. "Made in a minute," says the doctor. "Health Coffee" is really the closest coffee Imitation ever yet pro duced. Not a grain of real coffee In it either. Health Coffee Imitation ls made from pure toasted cereals or grains, with malt, nuts, etc. Really lt would fool an expert-were he to unknowingly drink lt for coffee. A. P. Crisp. $4130,000 FINE. A Western Railroad Hit Hard by the Ix)s Angeles Court. Los Angeles, November 7.-Judge Olin Wellborn, in the United States District Court here to-day fined the Santa Fe Railway Company $330, 000 for rebating. The company was convicted on sixty-six counts of granting rebates to the Grand Canyon Lime and Ce ment Company on shipments of freight from Nelson, Ariz., to Los Angeles. The fine is $7,000 in each of sixty six counts. Cured of Bright's Disease. Robert O. Burke, Elnora, N. Y., writes: "Before I started to use Fo ley's Kidney Cure I had to get up from twelve to twenty times a night, and I was all bloated up with dropsy and ray eyesight was so impaired I could scarcelv see one of my family across the room. I had given up hope of living, when a friend recom mended Foley's Kidney Cure. One 50 cent bottle worked wonders, and before I had ?aken the third bottle the dropsy had gone, as well as all other symptoms of Bright's disease." All Druggists. ?-?-? Telegraph Strike is Ended. Chicago, November 7.-While offi cial notice that the telegraphers' strike ts ended will not be sent out until some time to-day, all the strik ing key men have been notified that they may return to work without dis obeying any union rules. Forest Reservo Hill Mny Paas. Washington, November 7.-Wil liam L. Hall, assistant chief of the forest service-, returned a few days ago form his trip through the pro posed Appalachian Bark territory with the party Congressmen, among whom were Senator Latimer andi Representative Lever, of South Ca rolina. Mr. Hail was very much pleased to note the Interest taken by the South Carolinians, especially In this trip, and said that he thought that P was almost certain that the bill for the Appalachian Park appro priation, which was Introduced last year, and which has not passed on account of opposition fron? Speaker Cannon, would t let the bill come before the H" \ e. would pass this year. Writo nt onco and lenrn why wo secure best Vpositions, and bent ?atarles for our graduates, ^ EUOENB ANDERSON, Prca. ^ TILLMAN JABS AT WALL STREET Also Blisters Cortelyou for Aiding the "Gamblers." A recent issue ot' the Denver. Colo rado, Post contained the following, first page interview with Senator Benjamin Ryan Tillman, which will doubtless be interesting to the read ers of The Courier: Unshaven and rather careless ot attire, Benjamin R. Tillman, United States Senator from South Carolina, arrived in Denver at noon to-day. ap pearing just as one would imagine that "Pitchfork" Tillman would ap pear. Senator Tillman comes to the city to deliver an address at the First Baptist church to-night. But his remarks off the platform often have more ze3t than his public speeches. Like the fabled Cyclops, he has but one eye, and ona of his invectives are of Cyclopean fierce ness, particularly when Wall street and President Roosevelt are the sub jects being discussed. "I am watching with much inter est to see what effect the financial troubles in Wall street will have on the balance of the country," said Mr. Tillman in reply to a question. "It UBed to be that if Wall street got a good knock in the head it par alysed hte v.hole body industrial. I do not think that lt will have the same effect this time, but I am watch ing. "I wonder how long the people of this country will allow the United States Treasury to come to the relief of those gamblers down in Wall street? Whenever they get in a tight hole along comes Cortelyou and dumps them out a few millions of dollars to help them. He says: 'Don't let them get down now, boys,' and uses government money to help them out. But I suppose the Wall I street gamblers will reciprocate when j it comes time to secure contributions I to the next political campaign fund That political campaign fund is im portant." Kaw so M, not Roosevelt, Diu lt. "Do you think that President Roosevelt's attitude has anything to do with the present financial diffi culties? Some of the New York bank ers blaming him." "I don't oee what he has to do with it. I notice in a speech he made a few days ago that he said tht : he is not responsible for the financial dis turbance, but at the same times takes the credit for throwing on the light which led to the disturbance. As far as I remember I believe that Presi dent Roosevelt roasted the muckrak ers about a year ago for turning on the light. Now he seems to take all of the credit himself. I don't be lieve that Roosevelt had much to do with turning on the light. I think that Thomas Lawson started it. His exposures led to the insurance inves tigation, and financial affairs have not become settled since then." Doubts Roosevelt's Sincerity "Speaking of Roosevelt, . do you think that he is sincere when he says that he is not a candidate for re-elec tion?" "I have all along maintained that he is not sincere. Of course I may be wrong, and if I am I will take lt all back. But will not take it back until next June, after the National Convention is held. If he is not nom inated, then I will take it back. I think tha'. he wants to be elected again. "But these gamblers town in Wall street have been playing their game of three-card monte the best they know how, and have been trying to induce the lambs to come and bo shorn, but the lambs didn't come. Hence the present troubles. "I don't know what the final re sult of the financial troubles will be. I tell you, I am simply watching." Sympathizes with the Fighter. "Did you notice that Stuyvesant Fish gave E. H. Harrlman a black eye in the Illinois Central affair?" was asked. "Did I notice it? Why, nothing has done me so much good lately as the sn: ..iii that Fish gave Harahan and the blow he gave Harriman. AU that Harriman wants to do is to loot the Illinois Central. If he gets hold of that railroad he will treat lt the same as he did the Alton. In my (opinion, if Fish does nothing but keep Harriman from looting the illinois Central he should be considered a public benefactor. "Fish seems to be a pretty good fighter, i wish I had some .(tock in the Illinois Central to help lim out. I notice that he corralled the stock of the Amsterdam investors. He has my best wishes." Senator Tillman says that the ne gro question down South is still a serious problem. "Like the poor," he said, "lt is always with us." While in the city Senator Tillman will be at the Savoy Hotel. He was In Denver last June. At that time he met his family here and made an extended tour of Colorado and the West. _^_ It ls a well known fact that per sons living in the pine forests do not suffer from kidney diseases. One dose of Plneules at night usually re lieves backpehe. 30 days' treatment, Your money refunded if not satisfied. Sold by Dr. J. W. Bell, Walhalla, and W. J. Lunney, Seneca. "In God We Trust" Omitted. Washington, D. C., November 7. The first of the new coins designed by the late Augustus St. Gaudlns, un der the direction of President Roose velt, has reached the Treasury De partment from the United States mint in Philadelphia. It Is the $10 gold piece, or half eagle, and for tho first timo since 1873, tho words, "In God We Trust," are omitted from tho coin, lt ls understood these words will be omitted from coins of all other denominations. Will cure any case beyond the reach of i The lfea? ?hat Doesn't go up the Flue You receive intense, direct heat (rom every ounce ol fuel burned-* there are no damp chimneys or long pipes to waste the heat from a PERFECTION Oil (Equipped Wit* -oh?U - Carry it from roora to roora. Tum the wick high or low-no bother-no smoke-no smell-automatic smokeless device prevents. Brass (ont holds 4 quarts, burns 9 hours. Beautifully finished in nickel or japan. Every heater warranted. ^ReOfo Lamp (r?t* just what you want (or the long evenings. Made ol br a.vj, nickel plated-latest im proved central draft burner. Every lamp warranted. ?I your dealer cannot supply the Per lection Od Heater or Rayo Lamp write our nearest agency. STANDARD OIE, COMPANY COUNTY CLAIMS AUDITED. At the regular monthly meeting of the Board of County Commissioners, held on Friday, November 1st, 1907, the following claims were passed: lo Whose Favor and Nature of the Claim. 773 774 776 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 SOO 801 802 803| 804 805 806 807 808 80O Ki,, 811 812 813 814 815 8161 817| 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 O F Driver, refund of road tax, paid in two districts. fe L Collins, shingles'for Commissioners' office. C D Corbin, road and bridge work, Dist 48. C P Deal, refund of road tax, pa>d under age. E J Blackwell, bridge work, Dist 16. W T Roach, lumber. W C Barker, road and bridgework, Dist Bl. W J Schroder, Treasurer, salary for October, supplies. ... E C Butler, court house janitor. J L Talley, County Commissioner, salary for October. J L Miller, Commissioner, salary for October, paid express. D F Mc A lister, Supervisor, salary for October. F A H Schroder, Clerk, salary for October, contingent ox. Richardson Lumber Co, lumber. D S Abbott, chairs for grand jury room...... J A Harbin, bridge work, Dist 30 . C W Pitchford Co, aid to soldiers . W T Hunt, road work, Dist 1. Hugh Elkin, constable fees. J B B?rdet te, running Maxwell's Ferry, October. J N Hopkins, fees as constable. T M Leathers, running Knox's Ferry, Oct and Sept. Wm Pitts, fees as constable. W M Broom, repairing bri lgcs, Dist 63. Mack Whkmlre, constable fees. J L Moser, mower, work on put lie building*. J L Moser, bridge work, Dist 64. W N Todd, timber tor bridge, Dist 47. W M Kay, Sheriff, dieting prisoners, October. . W M Kay, Sheriff, salary, paid for wood. Clem Wilbanks, blasting on road Dist 55. Philip Chambers, painting County Commissioners' office. . J W Lee, blacksmithing. J B Burgess, road and bridgework, Dist 41. M Abbott, work on roads with machine . H F Long, grading new road. Jacob Rothell, road work, Pulaski township. M ?j Thomas, bridge work, Dist 19 . Ma8siah Cobb, grading new road. C L Craig, Superintendent of Education, salary for Oct. B Blackwell, grading new roud. T T Yarborough, road work, Dist 8., T E Sanders, building bridge, Dist 19. S o Colley, road and bridge work-Keowee township. R W Grubbs, Auditor, salary for October . ? J F Alexander, road work, Keowee township. R J Vlinson, bridge work, Dist 16 . N A Vinson, fees aa constable. J H Hunnicutt, painting Nimmons' bridge, bridge work. . H D Huskamp, road work, Wagger township. W M Dowls, bridge work, Dist 7. W R Cobb, road mule. . . . #. H 1 00 12 7r 3 00 1 00 17 75 7 25 2 40 25 85 3 00 33 33 33 88 68 33 17 46 20 18 60 32 60 00 90 15 00 18 60 15 00 13 90 3 00 3 40 100 00 3 60 6 00 fl 40 93 33 70 50 15 00 2 13 4 50 42 80 58 00 33 95 3 60 60 50 58 33 52 90 25 50 76 20 25 00 ll 60 3 64 1 25 28 00 20 20 6 00 100 00 Note.-All claims were allowed for amount claimed, and ior this reason the column "amount claimed" ls om ?tted. Where there lo a missing claim same was laid over for investigation. J D. F. MCALISTER, Supervisor. F. A. H SCHRODER, Clerk. THE FORTY-SIXTH STAR. Oklahoma to be Admitted to State hood on November tot h. (From the New York World.) j A new .white star will shine In the blue field of the flag November 16. The President has assured an Okla homa delegation that he will then sign the constitution and proclaim the State. It will be the 46th in order of admission. Mr. Roosevelt does not endorse the very radical constitution of Okla homa, but his duty under the act of Congress is to admit the new State ?when satisfied that it has provided a government "republican In form." He will hand the State over to Demo cratic officials already chosen. - Political and sectional considera tions have always ruled in the ad mission of States. At first Southern and Northern 8tntes were admitted in pairs or alternately, Ave of each joining the Union up to 1821. In that year Missouri's admission mark ed the movement westward. The longest gap in State-making ended when Arkansas was admitted fifteen years later. Michigan followed. Then Florida and Texas were offset by Iowa and Wisconsin. Wisconsin in 1848 brought the total up to eight Northern and nine Southern States admitted, and Texas had the ris^t to divide into four States, a im ^ which will probobly never be claW ed. With 1850 began the admission of debatable States. California was safely neither Southern nor North ern. Minnesota and Oregon gave the admitted Northern States a majority of one; Kansas admitted January 29, 1861, had been claimed both by the slavery and antt-slavery men, and the latter had won. West Virginia was admitted as a war measure in 1863. since then no State has been ad mitted south of the line defined by tho Missouri compromise. Oklahoma will be the first in 44 years. When the stomach, heart or kid ney nerves get weak, then these or gans always fall. Don't drug the sto mach, nor stimulate tho heart or kid neys. That is simply a makeshift. Get a prescription known to drug gists everywhere as Dr. Shoop's Re storative. The Restorative is pre pared expressly for these weak? In side nerves, build them up with Dr. Shoop'g Restorative-tablets or li quid-and see how quickly help will come. Free sample test sent on re quest by Dr. Shoop, Racine, Wis. Your henlth ls surely worth this sim ule test. J. W. Bell. ?LJ^Al?^? \^W*WJw DO not^risk having^ of Kidney or Bladder Disease not Bright's Disease nedicine. No medicine can do more. or Diabetes SOLD HY ALL I>i:t <.<;is i s.