University of South Carolina Libraries
i earthquakes Scientific ?nd Religious View. Although earthquake phenomena have been under man'? observation in all age?-the record of over 7,000 of these, in which 13,000,000 of the OJ u man race are estimated to have {perished, being preserved-it is only ?of late years that they have received .exact scientific investigation. The .theory that tho earth has a liquid vintorior surrounded by a thin crust of solid material and that movements ?n tho former propagate earthquakes in the latter is not so widely accepted wow as formerly. That earthquakes aro vibratory concussions, propa gated through tho solid crust of the ciar?h like waves of sound in the atmosphere, is genorally conceded. The initial shook, however, may be, .and probably is, produced in a va riety of ways. A groat landslip has boon known to produce a slight .tremor in tho surrounding country, and the suddeu collapse of great sub terranean caverns aro suflioiont to ?produce a similar result. Thero are those who hold to the .theory that Buch subterranean cav ?orns are produced by voloanio disturb ances, such as was recently reported if rom Mount Vesuvius, arni that there is a relation between Vesuvius and Tthe earthquake recently at San Fran cisco. Caverns of this nature are also produced by other causes, any one of which may have been respon sible for the terriblo visitation of the Paeifio slope a fow d.cys ago. If the interior of tho earth bo not a liquid mass, there are at leaHt reser voirs of molten matter beneath its surface, as is shown by tho outflow ?of lava from the orators of active 'volcanoes ; and that wators from the .surface may reach those lakes of fire And bo there oonvertod into steam, : uni under those conditions tho suddeu ^generation of steam in tho bowels of tho earth would naturally be disrup tive, and it is a favorito theory of (seismologists at the present day that tstcam, under those conditions, plays :*n important part in the genesis of earthquakes. Thero are other rea sons, however, for believing that the phenomena of earthq; akes and vol canoes aro intimately acquainted with each other. CHARLESTON AND VESUVIUS. lt was stated as a significant fact recently that th*? groat earthquake in Charleston in 1880 followed ex-1 ?optional disturbances on the part of Mount Vesuvius, which will be ad vanced as evidence that tho recent .disturbances of the same crater were 'responsible for or had some direct .connection with tho great earthquake ?it San Francisco. There is an Indian tradition to the vViect that the Golden Gate, at which San Francisco is located, was occa sioned by a tremendous earthquake at some time previous to the dis covery of tho Western Hemisphere .by Columbus. The tradition holds that the chain of mountains along the Pacific coast wero continuous and unbroken and that the territory now comprising thc valleys of the Sacramento and the San Jacquin ;vas the bed of the great lake. Then .came the traditional earthquake lOausing a break in tho mountain . .hain and so allowed the water of tho lake to escape into the Pacific Ocean. Then? is geological evidence to support thia tradition in so far bat water is believed to have OOV . ?red this territory at ono period. Tho United States has, at least . luring the historic period, been sin. vulnrly free from earthquakes. The diook of August 31, issi;, at Charles? v>n, was by far the most severe on 'ecord. lt was folt most keenly in ,ho coast region from Alabama to New York, the heaviest shooks being n the South, and especially in i ?harloston, Richmond, Savannah, Washington, Augusta, and Haleigh. The Slates of South Carolina and leorgla suffered most severely, .Charleston being tho city in which (Che earthquake caused tho greatest amount of damage to lifo and prop erty. In Charleston, with a popula* tlon of 40,000, thc most destructive tibook occurred a few minutes before I D o'clock at night, accompanied by <lullj rumbling sounds Uko distant thunder. The shocks wore repeated light times during the samt! night and for several days after they con tinued to OOOUr at intorvals. Of the 7,800 buildings in tho city, valued at $22,000,000, about 60 per cent wore ?rreparably ruined. The loss of life, however, was comparatively small, about ninety people being killed and 200 seriously in jured. The earthquake gave rise to great fissures in the ground and to the ap pearanoe of now hillocks and de pressions. A volcano near Summer ville burst into action, casting up blue mud and stone ; and it was at least a curious coincidence that with the first shook at Charleston a long quiesent geysor in the Yellowstone Park began to spout vehemently. In thia way agaiu tho connection be tween earthquakes and volcanic, dis turbances seems to hold good. KA UTI lol' A K K AT LISBON? The worst earthquake in many re specls in all history was that at Lis bm, Portugal, on All Saints day, November 1, 1755. The total loss of life by this catastrophe is esti mated at 60,000 persons, of whom about 40,000 perished at once. A great tidal wave, 50 feet in height, swept over portions of the city and added greatly to the horror of thc oceasion, outting off attempts to es cape by ^sea. Fire also added its horrors to this, tho worst calamity of its kind on record. In this same earthquake one town of 7,000 people dropped into a oavern and thc cavern closed, blotting it absolutely off the face of the oarth. CHRISTIANITY AND EARTHQUAKES. In the history of earthquakes nothing is more remarkable than the fewness of those recorded before|the beginning of the Christian Era in comparison with those which have been registered since that time. So striking is the contrast as almost to justify our giving a physical inter pretation to the prophecy of our Saviour that one of the signs of the establishment of His religion in the world would be the occurrence of earthquakes in divers places. This theory is hold by many sects which insist that the melleniura is now at hand. It is at least a re markable fact in so far as the knowl edge of the civilized world >s con cerned, earthquakes begat, to be more frequent from the beginning of the progress of Christianity. It may bo that the mention of the earthquakes as among the signs of the approaching establishment of their religion may have directed the attention of the early Christians more particularly to those phe nomena, and to have multiplied the number of recorded instances. Yet even making a due allowance for the extreme negligence of the ancients in registering natural events, it seems hard to believe that, had there been as many great earthquakes before the Christian era as there have beeu since its commencement, so few of them Bhould have been recorded or even transmitted by tradition. It is to be borne in mind, however, that before the birth of Christ there was but a small portion of the habitable surface of the globe known to those who wore capable of handing down a record of natural events. How's This I Wo offer One Hundred Dollars howard for any ease of catarrh that cannot he cured hy Hall's Catarrh ('uro. F, J. (.'heney A Cu., Props., Toledo, 0. We, the undersigned, have known P J, Cheney for tho last I? years, and be lieve him perfectly honorable in all busi ness transactions and financially able to carry out any obligations mad/) by his firm. Walding, Klnnan A Marvin, Whole sale Druggists, Toledo, (). Hall's Catarrh Caro is taken inter nally, acting directly upon the blood and mucous surfaces of the system. Price, 7")C. per bottle. .Sold by all druggists. Testimonials freo. Take Hall's Family Pills for constipa tion. Hall's Familv Pills are the host. South Union Items. South Union, April 30.-The beautiful spring days havn como and all of the farmers are making stood uso of them. Some of our good farmers have cotton larne enough to hoe. I We aro glad to note that our old friend, 1 S. M. MoJunkin, is able to bo out again. Mrs. John .Jolley spent last week with I her daughter, Mrs. John Sullivan. Mr. and Mrs. Marion Jones, of Fair Flay, spout Sunday with 1). ll. Marott and family. Mesdames W. ll. Crawford, Hettie Sullivan and John Jolley spent last Thursday with Mrs. Walter Gibson. Misses Kssio Loftis, Moyol Jones and Estella Anderson, of Nowry, spent Saturday night with tho family of Henry Loftis. Miss Laura McAlistcr returned to At lanta last Wodnosday, after a week's stay with her sister, Mrs. I). EL Marott. Mr. and Mis. Henry Loftia made a business trip to Sonoca Saturday. Harmon Mooro and Miss Oma Loftis spent Sunday with Miss Laura 1$. Marett. Messrs. Glymph and Dooley, of Fair Flay, wero guests in this community Sunday. Thoro will bo a singing next Sunday evening at South Union church, con ducted by Prof Hall. Everybody cor dially invited. Sunshine, A liquid cold euro for children that is pleasant, harmless and effective is Hoo's Laxative Honey and Tar. Superior to all other cough syrups or cold remedies, hocauso it acts on tho bowels. An ideal remedy for coughs, colds, croup, whoop ing Cough and all ourablo lung and bronchial affections in child or adult. Pleasant to tako. Sold by Dr. J. W. Holl, Walhalla; W. J. Lunney, Seneca. Mfe?: A CLOG SHOE. Shoeing- Horne? to Facil?tate Work OB Rwampr Land. I have used leather clog?, or shoes, on my horses' feet when working on swampy lund to good advantage. Tho clogs tiro made of two thicknesses of sole loather riv eted together. Tlie btise can be made to suit any foot. The size will depend somewhat upon the ebaracter and condition of the soil on which lt Is to be used. Ou tho soles I rivet four loops, as shown In the nccomon ey ing diagram, says an American Agri culturist correspondent. The two loops toward the toe of the shoe are longer than those In tho rear. A single strap run through loops, when tied or buckled on the foot, will hold tho sole firmly In place. I have found these clog shoes very satisfactory. They are not as awkward as those made of wood, besides being .noch bet ter. MICK SHOE. FALL 80WN SPINACH. It Pqrniikc* th? Gretna of th? Karljr Bprlnax MurUft. Tho spinach which comes into mar ket early In tho season Is from seed sown the fall before, so that the planta become from one-half , to two-thirds grown before winter. Like other leaf crops lt requires a rich soil, oue that contains a large amount ot available plant food. The original type of plant had few basal leaves and quickly sent up a seed stalk. Dy selection and high culture these few leaves have been de veloped and fattened until they seem capable of unlimited expansion when tho Bupply of available food ls kept up. But when grown on poor soil, and sometimes even on soils of medi um fertility, lt quickly strikes back to the old type of growth. In New England the fall planting should be made from Aug. 15 to Sept. 1. Growers south of New England can make their plantings from Sept. 1 *o 15. Spinach ts planted In drills twelve to fourteen Inches apart, eight to ten pounds of seed being required for an aere. Some think lt almost Im possible to obtain a good stand of plants nt this fall sowing. The soil ls sometimes very dry In the latter part of the summer, and If the seed ls cov ered loosely with dry earth lt falls to germinate. Hut there are ways to mitigate these conditions. Walking upon the rows after sowing and press ing the soil down with tho feet or turning the seed drill up on the wheel ami running over the rows n second time will generally give tho desired results. The seed should be sown thickly, however, and a thinning may be made In October or November. In this way from fifty to seventy-five bar rels may be harvested from an acre in the fall. Whero the temperature gets below zero during parts of the winter tho spinach crop needs protection. Leaves may be used ns a covering in place of straw or hay If put on Just before or during a snowstorm, In sheltered lo cations farther south the covering ls omitted, but where the weather ls se vere the quality of the crop will bo higher If some protection ls given. Spinach should be harvested early in tho spring to make room for other crops-early cabbage, for Instance. Prickly seeded spinach was once large ly used for fall planting because of Its hardiness, but now the "round leaf" and "thick leaf" types, which give large yields and are easier to plant, an- moro grown.-M. A. Hinke In Coun try Calendar. nolluorni Injnry to Cotton. It ls concluded by one of tho Investi gators of bollworin injuries that a satisfactory crop of cotton may bo grown dining yours of severe boll worm injury. This requires, for best results, the adoption of all methods useful In the production of an early crop, and ls based on the fact that cotton ls not attacked in force by boll worms until the corn in surrounding Holds begins to borden, which In general is about tho 1st of August. In tho cultural system, by which profita bio crops of cotton may be grown In spite of the presence of the bollworin, the following procedures are Important: First, thorough plowing of the land ?luring the fall or winter months to destroy as many as possible of (bo hibernating pupae In the soil; second, the use of seed of early fruit ing varieties of cotton; third, the use of fertilizers to hasten and Increase the growth of plants and the formation of fruit; fourth, planting at the llrst prac ticable date In the spring; fifth, early and frequent cultivation. Poultry nod the Fair?. Now ls UI?? time to lay plans for Im proving the poultry department of our western county ami Htate fairs, sug gests Orange Judil Fanner. No de partment offers such attractive possi bilities nor Is moro worthy. Look nt tho scores of regular poultry shows, the throngs they draw, tho character of tlie visitors, the number of birds, tho advantages, derived both by ex hibitor and visitor, then work to re place the old style poultry house stuck la an out of tho way corner with a modern one placed whero lt ls con spicuous, accessible ond Inviting. Tho Courior-fri per year-'Mb year. Spindle Statines. [Textile Excelsior.] A subscriber asks for information as to the number of spindles in the different countries in the world. The estimates vary, but aoeording to the most reliable statistics available the number in the United States is, in round numbers, about 24,000,000 approximately 15,000,000 in the North and 9,000,000 in the South. In other countries, the total number of spindles is estimated as follows : Great Bri iain-46,000,000. Germany-8,800,000. Russia-6,500,000. France-6,200,000. Austria-8,200.000. Italy-2,760,000. Spain-1,700,000. S witzerland-1,456,546. Poland-1,268,547. Portugal-834,190. Belgium-792,000. Sweden-377,000. Norway-88,000. Denmark-60,000. Holland-376,234. Greece-970,000. Turkey-80,000. Roumania-40,000. Asia Minor-60,000. China-620,000. Brazil-450,000. Canada-773,000. Mexico-628,000. India-5,119,121. Japan-1,332,600. For headache, constipation, etc.. Dade's Little Liver Pills are best. They cleanse and tonic the livor. Sold by Dr. J. W. Bell, Walhalla; W. J. Lunney, Seneca. Resolutions of Ebenezer Farmers' Union. Whoreas, the Great and Supreme Ruler of the Universe, has, in Ilia in finite wisdom, removed from among us one of our worthy and esteemed fellow-laborers, J.Crayton Chandler; and, whereas, the long and intimate relation held with him in the faithful discharge of bis duties in this union make it eminently befitting that we record our appreciation of him ; therefore be it Resolved, That the wisdom and ability which he has exercised in the aid of our organization by service, contributions and counsel will be held in grateful remembrance. Resolved, That the sudden re moval of such a life from our midst leaves a vacancy and a shadow that will be deeply realized by all the members and friends of this organ ization, and will prove a serious loss to the community and the public' Resolved, That with deep sympa thy for the bereaved relatives of the deceased we express our hope that even so great a loss to us all may be overruled for good by him who doeth all things well. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions he spread upon the rec ords of this organization, a copy printed in the o linty papers and a copy forward?. to the bereaved family. S. J. Elkin, C. H. Whitmire, W. A. Peehuff. Salve! Salve!! Spread tho salvo, but lot it bo Pinosalve, nature's remedy for cuts, burns, soros, otc. Sold by J. W. Boll, Walhalla; W. J. Lunney, Seneca. IHE SOUTHERN RUY. THROUGH SERVICE [VERY DAY ILL IHE HIGH-BACK COACHES. Drawing-Room Sleepers -and*- ?. Southern Railway Dining Cars. FINEST CARS ! FASTEST TIME ! Convenient Schedules on Local Trains. For full information, consult any Southern Railway Agent, or Ii. W. HUNT, Division Passenger Agent, Charleston, s. C. BROOKS MORCAN, Asst. (?en. Passenger Agent, Atlanta, Ca. 60 YEARS' EXPERIENCE PATENTS DESIGNS COPYRIGHTS AC. A nyum ?ending fi ?kel ch mid description i.i.i v quickly ?ac?rtala our opinion freo whether nn Invention ls probably patentable. Communies. tloiisstrlollycimUilontlal. HANDBOOK on I'alenU ?ont free. Oldost iiuonry for aocurlnfr putouts. I'ntoiita f'tkon through Munn A Co. re?oive tpteial notice, without charge. In the Scientific American. A handsomely Illustrated weekly. Largest cir culation of any sclontlflc tournai. Terms, |8 a year: four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN ??0?e,6rM*?> New York Uranch ornoo. 626 K St., Washfuiiton, D. C. Starved Dog? Eat Human Oodles. San Francisco, April 30.-Ono of the gruesome scenes that bas followod tho fire was that witnessed on Telegraph and Russian bills and along tho on tiro North beaob front of tho oity this morning, when scores of half-starved dogs were found eating human bodies. Tho ani mals were discovered gnawiug and tear ing at the corpses half buried in the ruins. Whero only a leg or an arm pro truded the dogs were digging for the rest of the body. Mon who had been sent into the ruins of homos to look for what little property that might havo es caped the fiamos, came upon this sicken ing condition and reported it to the naval ofnoers in command of tho water front military districts. In responso to their appeal that some thing be done, bluejackets wore detailed to cover the Boctions designated, and kill ali dogs found in these vicinities. All morning firearm reports could bo hoard on the hill and along tho beach, and the dogs were killed. Men wore pressed into service, either to bury the carcasses of the dogs or throw them into the bay. In a fow places some outgoing (1res wore found, and then it was possible to cre mate tho animals. It was not thought there wore many dead in the ruins of Telegraph and Russian hills unlit dogs were found there digging for tho bodies. When tho dogs bavo all beon run down and slain a further search will ho made of thoBO sections to recover tho bodies and bury them as soon as possible. War Against Consumption. AU nations are endeavoring to check the ravages of consumption, the "white plague1' that claims so many victims each year. Foley's Honey and Tar cures coughs and colds perfectly and you aro in no danger of consumption. Du not risk your health by taking some unknown preparation when Foley's Honey aud Tar is safe and certain in results. Ask for Foley's Honey and Tar and insist upon having it. Dr. J. W. Boll. Card of Thanks. Editors Courier : Please allow me space in your paper to thank the Farmers' Union for their kindly as sistance in coming and helping me prepare and plant my cotton crop. I highly appreciate their help. May thc Lord bless them. Mrs. J. C. Chandler. Pirating Foley's Honey and Tar. Foley it 0o.| Chicago, originated Honey and Tar as a throat and lung remedy, and on account of tho groat merit and popularity of foley's Honey and Tar many imitations aro offered for the genu ino. These worthless imitations have similar sounding names. Beware of them. Tho genuino Foley's Honey and Tar is in a yellow package Ask for it and refuse any substitute, lt is the best remedy for coughs and colds. J.W.Bell, Chamberlain's Cough Remedy Cures Colds, Croup and Whooping Cough. 1 A DASHING AU Motor-G By LOUISE < ABREEZY and deliciously fact that the hero and no less a romance. Mrs. Ward, a believer in tl contracts advanced by George husband on an automobile tour purpose of securing a divorce c of temper," which, in reality, do several accidents and the auto proper senses. With 36 Illustrations, 10 of wi 12mo, C If your bookseller hasn't it, the pub upon rec DODD, MEAI Publishers 372 Fif High Tobacco ? raised with lovular, ?von stands, very best grade, for which tn* oca ?an bo gotten at your wsrs rom tobacco huyere If you will,a ??fore planting, liberally uso iia-Caroiina Fertilizers? again as a top dressing, or licit ion. Them fertilizers by capable men, who have g fertilisers all thoir Uves, a phosphoric aoid, potash en, or ammonia, in thehf portions to return to you* oirenta of plant-ltfo that ?k?n from It by oontin tlou. Accept no nubati karolina Chemical Co. I, Va. Va. M.O. n, 8, a OMI .Ga., th, Ga. mery. Ala. ls. Tonn, .oft. La. I A Pleasant Grovo Harangue. Pleasant Grove, April 30.-As I see no thing from our industrious little dark corner, as it is called, I will toll you what our ingenious people aro doing. They aro doing what (iud tx?id Adam to do tilling the soil. Peoplo of this community are about all done planting cotton seed. W. W. Mar tin was about the first of our section to finish. When it comes to farming Mr. Martin is a hustler. Spring time is hore and it will pay to to go to W. W. Martin's store to get your lawn, embroidery, insertion, Sec. Allon Lewis, who has beeu suffering with rheumatism, we aro glad to say, is able to walk about. Tho good neighbors have met and planted his cotton crop. J. A. iliirbert, who got his shoulder hurt some time ago, is able to work. Joe Monea <s on the sick list at present. We hope for him a speed v recovery. The measles aro as thick as spring gnats iu the Tabor settlement, ami the Tabor doods won't stay at home. Mr. and Mrs. Kniest Dickson and Misses Fannie and Hoopte Craig at tended tho Sunday school convention at lift lie' .Sunday. The wedding hells have hoon ringing in every direction and we think they aro not dono ringing, but don't tell anybody I told you HO. x Y z. Advice to the Aged. Age brings infirmities, auch ns slug gish bowels, weak kidneys and blad der and TORPID LIVER. Tint's Pills have a specific effect on these organs, stimulating the bowels, causing them to perform their natural functions as in youth and IMPARTING VIGOR to the kidneys, bladder and LIVER. They are adapted to old and young. Disastrous Fire Near Fair Play. Fair Play, April .30.-Tho most disas trous fire that has been known in this vicinity in sevoral years, occurred at tho place of Larry Marett, on tho 2llth in stant. Two barns and a crib, with con tents, were entirely consumed, includ ing eight mules and one horse, all his farming implements, two or tlm?fk wagons and six bales of cotton. Origin's of lire unknown. A large number of tho members of tho Hnptist Sunday school attended tho con volition at New Hot liol yest- rday. M. 0. Harton visited his motlier last Thursday. E. C. Marett is in Atlanta this week. Luther Marett and Norris Ishell and Misses Kate [shell and Lizzie Marett at tended a singing at Cross Hoads, Ga., Sir-day. Clayton Mays and sister, Kuna, spent last Thursday in Noneca. .i o. c. TOMOB1LE STORY A ir Divorce BOSSER HALE ' humorous motor-car romance-the heroine are man and wife makes it ie theory of the ten-year marriage Meredith, goes with her indulgent through France and Italy for the m the grounds of " incompatibility not exist. It takes another woman, mobile to bring Mrs. Ward to her ??ch are in Color, by Walter Halo :ioth, $1.50 Ushers will send Hie booh, postage paid, eipt ot prue. ) & COMPANY th Avenue New York