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TERMS: Published ovory Thursday morning. For subscription, $1.60 por annum, etriotly In advanco; for six months, 75 cunts ; for four months, 60 cents. Advortlenmonts Inserted at ono dollar por equni'O of ono inob or loss for tho first insertion and fifty conts for oach sub Huqnonl i usci ?oil, Obituary Notloos oxcooding Avo linos, Tributes of Rospoot, Communloatloue of a personal oharaotor, wiion admiseablo. and Announoemonte of Candidatos will bo ohargod for as advortisomonts. Job Printing noatly and ohoaply oxcou tod. NeooBslty compole us to ndhoro etrlotly to tho requirements of Cash Paymonts. To Thluo Own Mvlt Me 'I'm? nut) In Mail Follow a* Ihe Nigh* tho ?ny, 'S'emu (Jnm>l Not Then II? Vntue to Auy . BY THOMPSON, SMITH & JAYNE8. AVAMIALdLA, SOUTH CAROLINA, MAY 2f>, 180 >. VOLUMI] XLI. -NO 21. Pa=H Selling Out at Cost - LOT OF GEORGIA GOOD CLEAN AND FRESH Rice at 25 Pounds for $1.00. tu?, CO "?3 If you want somothlng raro and cheap try our PURE FLORIDA ORANGE CANE MOLASSES AT 50C. CO BUIST'S AND FERRY'S GARDEN SEEDS, IRISH AND SWEET POTATOES, ONION SETTS AND BUTTONS. I050 Bushels Clean Red Rust Proof Seed Oats at 50 Cents Per Bushel. Wo will pay tho highest market pricos in cash, or trade at cash prices, for? CORN, PEAS, BEANS, CHICKENS, EGGS, FEATHERS, ETC. RIG SPRING OPENING IN LADIES' DRESS GOORS. All tho Latest Novcltlos. Trimmings to Match. GENT'S FURNISHINGS?Compioto Lino. DRY GOODS, NOTIONS, WHITE GOODS, CASSIMERES, ETC. DUPLEX CORSETS?Tho Cheapest and Best. HATS FOR LADIES AND GEN'"LEM EN. Clothing, Clothing ! Clothing ! SHOES AND SLIPPERS. " Don't forgot tho placo" : THE CHARLESTON HOUSE, _ OTTO H. SCHUMACHER, 1=1 Proprietor. Goods Packed and Delivered Free. April :i, 1890. MW IMS! NEW STYLES, Wo have just received our new SPUING STOCK, consisting of the largest Spring Stock of Dry Goods, Dress Goods, Henriettas, Worsteds, Lawns, Prints, Satines, Laces, Fancy Goods, Notions, Clothing, Hats and Shoes, and propose to sell at prices that defy competition. In Heady-made Clothing we feel that we have tho largest, host selected stock and nicest styles ever brought to Westminster. Suits from #3.60 up. Odd Pants for everybody and a pair for any one else that may want thorn, cheap. FURNITURE ! F L H [TURE ! ! Just received, another large lot of Bureaus, Bedsteads, Washstands, &c, <fec, cheaper than ever. COFFINS ! COFFINS ! We have just received another large, lot of Collins and Caskets and are prepared to lit them up at all hours. In Groceries we are still leaders of Low Prices. Can sell you a good Family Flour that we warrant to he pure for #3.50 per barrel. Try it. HARDWARE, GLASSWARE AND CROCKERY. We aro constantly receiving New Goods, in these lines, and will give our customers Rock Bottom Prices. trial will convince any one of this boast. In conclusion, wo will say Ours is the place to buy, And-the reason why will tell, We bought the Goods and paid the cash And are determined to sell. . N. Carter & Co Westminster, S. C. FURNITURE, FURNITURE ! Now is the time to buy your Furni ture. I have some beautiful Bed Room Sets that are elegant and reason able in price. Chairs, Rockers, Safes, Baby Carriages, in all styles and prices. Am well prepared for Framing Pictures of any size. Old Furniture repaired on short notice and in a workmanlike manner. Give me a call and if you want anything in my line I am per suaded I can please and suit you as to price and quality of goods. Coffins and Caskets of all styles and trim mings to match. I am here to stay and propose to sell Furniture and Undertaker's Supplies at small profits Come and see me and be convinced. S. M. VanWyck, Walhalla, S. C. TEACHER'S COLUMN. - ? f?lp* All communications intornio*! for this column should ho addvosscd to S. P. Stribling, School Commis sioner, Walhalla, S. C. Teaching Oovorninont. iutoi\ . , TNIVKHSITY ov THNNKS8KK. * It is by no means certain, oven yet, Mint all tho most important things are taught to children in school. The teaching world has long been struggling in the direction of best things, but progress has been slow. Wlion wo reflect that ovory boy must become a citizen and exercise all tho rights of a freo American, is it not a little wonderful that nothing of the nature of government and the duties of citizenship is taught in j our common schools ? Tt is not, of course, practicable to introduce into the schools elaborato works on political economy and the theory of government, but it would bo easy for any one to givo simplo oral lessons in government. They need not come ottener than once in a week. Let the teacher give,?say one every Wednesday morning, or at any other convenient time,?>a general exercise on this subject . Ho gets the attention of the whole school and begins : "Children, what is a civil district? How many can tell? Hands up I" Everybody is silent. The lino of thought is new. And then, while some of the older pupils know, they can't readily shape a definition. "It is the smallest division of ter ritory set apart for the purpose of government," says'tho toachor. "What is it called in some States?" "A township," says a lad who lately moved down from Ohio. "What are the otlicors of a civil district?" (liy ?logrees several hands go up.) "Every district has two 'Squires," says Mary Jones. "Justice of the peace, is the right name," adds a snudi hoy. "Very well; what do the justices do? What is their business?" (A long silence.) "They have trials," rep'ies Mary, at last. "Yes; they try all cases that arc too small to go to the. courts," ox plains the teacher. "At fixed peri ods they also moot in a body, at the Court House, to legislate for the best interests of the wdiole country. They levy taxes, appropriato money, care for the ?, and look after the roads." "What other officer has tho' dis trict?" "My father is a constable," says livl * Johnny (ircene. "He. serves . rants and arrests people." "Yes; and helps collect the hack taxes," adds the teacher. It is here that the teacher explains the school district, which is some times the saniti as the civil district, and' sometimes not. Ho talks of the district directors and their duties ?the hiring of teachers, the build ing of school houses, etc. Some of the children think this is a part of government, and some think it is only an arrangement for carrying on the schools. "What is one of the most impor tant county offices?" "Sheriff !" shout three or four hoys. "Mr Loues was elected last summer. Ho arrests people and keeps the jail." "Yes; he enforces the law," adds the teacher. "What other county >flicor can you name ?" "County court clerk." "What arc his duties?" Tho large boys in the rear arc iroused by this time : "Keeps the coords," says one. "Issues a license when people want o get married," says another. "Takes acknowledgement of all lecds," says a third. The teacher, now and then, adds nuoll by way of explanation and levelops the subject fully. The !ulies of the register, tho trustee, he county superintendent of schools, he clerks of the different courts, the oronor, and others, are discussed in letali, The above, when amplified, will urnish abundant material for one .vereise. tn the Haine manner the machi lory of Slate government is taken (he following week, or perhaps in he second week. The various ofli ors are. named and their duties iscussed. By and by tho National ;overnnient is discussed in like man or. It is well to ask the children o namo their Hepresentative in Congress, thoir Senators, and o! bor officers. Tho amount of ignorarne that prevails on this subject among young pcoplo is wonderful. Tho various courts anil thoir juris diction should bo discussed. Tho teacher will explain | tho difforonco between law courts and courts of equity, lie will talk,of tho judges and how they are appointed; how the Federal judges hold oflfioo for life, whilo other judges do not. Much will bo learned of juries and trials; of orimes and penalties for crimes; of jails and tho penitenti ary. Tho subject of taxes will claim much attention?'"'reel and indirect taxes; county taxes, State taxes, Federal taxes, school taxes, road taxes, etc. Much interest can also be develo ped in voting and elections; tho meaning of parties and their princi ples. There is enough material here for one entire exercise. The teacher will, of course, see that tho whole subject is treated in an impartial manner and with no sort of party feeling. The points I havo given are only a few hints as to what may be done, and ought to bo done, in this dirco I tion. As I have said, thcro is no j need of a text-book. The sub ject tan be taught better without a book. In fact, outside of certain limits, we have too many text-hooks, any way. One of the main points is to got boys and girls to think in an inde pendent manner and take an intelli gent stand in the active, moving world around thorn. Living Beyond One's Means. TIIK IX CA C Sii Ol? FAlIiUKK IN MVK?SKNSIIU.H VIKWS OF KW YORK MAX. [Matthew Marshall ill New York Sun.] The old Dutch merchants used to say, when a man became bankrupt, that he had kepi bad books. What they meant was, that ho ought to have known, if his hooks were kept correctly, how his affairs were going, and to have slopped in lime to save his credit. What docs surprise me, however, ! is that an impending bankruptcy can 1 be concealed and staved off as long as it usually is. I suppose the rea- 1 son to be, the greater facilities for : borrowing money and for obtaining credit which are afforded by tho : present methods of doing business ' in comparison with those which pro vailed in my early days, and the enormous growth of our population, which renders individuals much less conspicuous than they used to be, 1 and the condition of their affairs 1 less a matter of notoriety. ' When was a clerk with Messrs. 1 Dissell, Litlleby & Co., half cen tury ago, my employers never ' thought, of relying on commercial agencies, as the custom is now, for 1 information concerning a man's ' standing and responsibility. They got it f.'om their own observation and inquiry, and carried it in their ( heads. They watched a man from ? the beginning of his career, and ? knew just how he was doing as he ' went along. His business skill, the I character of his customers, the ex- I tent of his transactions, and the ap- ? proximale amount of his annual : profits were pretty accurately I gauged, and credit was given to him .? accordingly. Above all, his habits < of life were observed, and his family 1 expenses were reckoned up, so that, it was computed whethci he was f adding to his capital, barely holding .' his own, or falling behindhand, Nowadays every one is, as it were, ? lost in the crowd and can do almost ? anything he pleases without its be- I ing found out. His creditors see t him only during business hours and ( at his place of business; but where he is the rest of the time, what his occupations are, and how much he I spends Oil himself and his family*, be- < come known to them, if they become < known at all, only by accident, or i ivhon his accounts are overhauled by I committee to see how many cents ( >u the dollar he can pay on the I daitns against him. : It is clear to ino that in the count- e less cases of bankruptcy which hap- < |)cn from dav lo day, lo say noi hing \ jf the speculations, ombc'/zlcmonls, 1 forgeries and crimes by which con- l Iding people ? * defrauded, tho bo- t {inning and root of the trouble lies s 11 personal overdrawing. As Mr. Wdkins Micawher sagely remarked t o his young friend David Copper- ? ield : "Annual income twenty t miiiids; annual expenditure twenty <1 lounds ought and six; result, misery, il The blossom is blighted, the leaf is withered, tho God of day goes down upon tho dreary scene, and, in short, you aro forever floored, as I am." This is a conciso statement of an everlasting truth which oannot be too dilligently heeded. disregard of it, liko tho disregard of any other law of nature, is euro to be punished, though tho punishment ?s not al ways distributed as it ought to be to satisfy our ideas of jostico. If when the profits of a business dimin ish, those who aro conducting it can not nerve themselves to educo their personal expenditure in a corres ponding dogree, they must necessa rily oat into their capital and when this process once begins it must inevi tably end in ruin. One of tho drawbacks of the democratic constitution of our socie ty is that very few of our citizens aro content to let their hum odiate acquaintances surpass them in their style of living. man with a thou sand dollars a year does not, indeed, expect to live liko a man with live thousand, nor the man with live thousand, like one with a hun dred thousand. Hut the thousand dollar man is under a constant strain to emulate his fifteen hundred dollar neighbor, and the live thou sand dollar man the one with six or seven thousand, and so on all the way up the social scale. Between each grade of income and the one next above it there is a perpetual rivalry, stimulating excessive ex penditure. In older countries where rank and position are lixed by the accident of birth, this rivalry is un known. People, as the catechism enjoins, learn to do their duty in that slate of life unto which it has pleased G6<1 to call them, and only in exceptional cases do they try to I raise themselves above it. Here, ? where everything is lluid ami plastic, 1 and where men can start with nolh- I ing at IS or '20 to become million- ( aires at 40 or 60, no such stagnation I is possible "Onward and upward" is every one's motto, and while it is , a good one for the advancement of the country in wealth and material prosperity, it leads to a struggle, not so much for existence as for po sition, in which great numbers suc- | [ und). Wo were talking over 11iis subject ? in the Itocene club one afternoon , and when I advanced the views , I have presented above I was gratified to find not only that they ? commanded general assent, lad that they were even regarded as be- < ing too moderately expressed. Per Imps it was because my friends, as well as myself, belong to an earlier epoch, and cannot easily bring our- | selves to look at things with modern Dyes, but we all agreed that facility < in getting money and credit, a ? want of personal knowledge of men's < circumstances, and especially the prevailing tendency to extravagance | in living, are the main causes of ; bankruptcies. As most of us, too, wero crusty 1 old bachelors, we went on and de- t dared that the women of the day ? uro principally to blame for this < state of affairs, though, of course, wo were candid enough to admit > that the men ought not to allow * Lheim. ilves to be ruled by the women I is they do. I do not know much ? \bout the matter myself personally, but, from what I hear and read, the 1 style of living which prevails in this 1 sity is perilous in the extreme to < msiness solvency, and it results I uainly from the efforts of women to i mrpass, or, at least, to equal one < mother in luxury and display. Lux- i iry, as 1 said a few weeks ago, ? speaking of tho New Year's ball, is j potent force in developing wealth, < >ut, like all forces, it must be con- i .rolled or it will do mischief. Be anse Mrs. Astor has splendid dia- I nonds, Mrs. Yandorbilt a magnili- < seul house, and .Mrs. Whitney a ?eauliful 1?! llrooin, or because some < lozen or more other women in so- > lioty are able, like them, to indulge 1 fine houses .and dresses, wear I irilliant jewels, and give sumptu >us entertainments, it by no means f Ollows that all their less fortunate I iCquaintanccs need strive to do the t lame. They do not, indeed, strive to t lo exactly the same, but they cinica- c or to come as near to it AS they possi- I )ly Can, and, like the coachman who I lied to see how near he could drive I 0 the edge of the precipice, a very r light error in calculation tips them ivcr. Not every woman undertakes 1: 0 wear as many diamonds as Mrs. t Vslpr or Afra. Bradley Martin, nor o live in as fine houses as tho Van- t Icrbilts and th? Whitneys, nor to !1 Iross as richly and to give as s?mptu- h ous entertainments ns those mill ionaires, but she must hayo some diamonds, sonio Paris drosses, ami give some handsome dinners ami dances. All this hor husband must earn tho monoy to pay for, and while ho may do it in a fow yenr,s, he oannot do it in all, and then arises the troublo which Mr. Mioawbor so graphically depicts, and which ends in the bankruptcies, if not worse, which happen so frequently. friend of mine, now dead, used to manage things better. I remember well how, when ho had a good in come, ho would set up his carriage, take a house at Newport, and enter tain right royally. Whon a bad year came the carriage ami boises were sold, the house at Newport was given up, and the entertainments ceased. lie m.'ide no secret of the 1 reason and whatever else may be ! thought of his system, there was no 1 impugning his honesty. If every one elso in his position only had the moral Courage that ho had, it would be better both for himself and for his creditors. < As I read over what I have above written it occurs to mo thut I have < cither read or heard something like it somewhere before, and I fear that | * many of my readers may have done the saino. No matter i it is none the 1 less true, and nono the less useful, I and stand by every word of it As llerhert Spencor has ably demon strated, the progress of all dovelop-1 * ment is from a state of less complexi ty to one of groater complexity, and the law applies to society as to every thing else. At present, there is ? too much uniformity in people's ' manners and habits, and too little in- ( dividuality. As time rolls mi and 1 we learn wisdom by experience, I j hope to see the prevalent universal striving of everybody to bo exactly like everybody else replaced by a braver effort to do the thing that t uncli one can do best; and the rivalry 1 leading to living beyond one's means 1 supplanted by a rivalry leading to ! iloing the utmost possible within ' ine's means. All About the ('cusir,. [From tho Charleston News and Courier,] 11 The vast army of workers ongaged !l in the taking of the eleventh census A tho United States, the thousands ' employed in collecting the statistics which are to be used in compiling * interesting fads regarding the great ? Republic, are now at work. Tbe 1 enumerators who aro to take the * population will not begin work until the Iftth of .June. Likb all well-regulated work, the c taking of the census has been sys- K Leniatically divided. Exports are fi Migagcd to take tho statistics re garding the manufacturing industries, | fi libers will prepare a report on the. ailroads, and others the mining |c figur?e. These divisions, and there ire probably twenty or more, are all 1 indcr the direction of the Superili- * tendent of the Census at Washing on. One of the most interesting ind valuable features in the next ;ensus will be statements of the recorded indebtedness of the'United Stales. For this feature to be of Uly special value it must be abso utely correct, carefully and intelli gently prepared. Air. QeorgoW. Fishback is charged ivith the work in South Cand?na Mr. Fishbaok appears to be well equipped for the difficult work en .rusted to him. Ho is very much ntercsted in his work, and will on leaver to do it effectively. Talk ng of the work he had in charge in South Carolina, Mr. Fishback said yesterday that Ibis particular branch if the work had boon divided among l number of experts. In each Slate, inder the direction of tbe chief who las charge of this work, a number )f abstractors are appointed, who nnkd a record of the indebtedness if each county. This must be done vithin a period of ninety days. Mr. '''ishback expects to have his work inished in less than eighty-iivc days. Tho chief of the State assigns tho ibstracters from county to county, urnishes them with supplies and ransinits to them special instruo ions regarding the work in the ounties in which they are at work. ? abstractors?there arc four ecu in ? '?Ulli Carolina?are to go to he ofllco of the Clerk of Court or egistrar of mesne onveyances, rhere they arc given access to the looks in the office, and where they ake an accurate abstract of all mort ;agcs which have been recorded in he past ten years, starting from the 1st of December, 1889, and going aekwards to January I, 1880. KE?WEE COURIER, [w?hiu/y,] ? . ) h'y? Old Pickens in 1840, Walhalla in 1868. Destroyed by Fire June 21st, 1887. Re-Estabiished August 11 1887. Thoro ave about fifteen counties in tho State that aro called equated life counties. tu theso counties tho length of tho lives with tho dato of tho satisfaction of tho mortgftgo is recorded. Tho original scheme was to mako ten, "equated lifo" counties in tho State, but when tho records nro found to bo in good ordor and when it does not requiro too much Limo and work those counties aio nhio made "equated lifo" counties. Most of tho counties in tho Stato have excellent records which havo neat marginal notes. Tho equated ' life counties in the Stato now ar?: Aikcii, Colleton, 1,aureus, Charl?stonJSH Marion, Darlington, Union, Green ville, Bnrnwoll and Edgellold. Othor? ? will be added to tho list The counties of Laurons, And?r- > ion and Colleton, havo been desig- / tinted as "inquiry" counties. Aftor tho greater part of tho work has boon completed tho best mon will bo. jcnt into theso counties to mako in juiries as to tho reason for inourring the debt which the mortgages indi jato. Of course, all information jivon census abstractors is striotly 3on l? dentini. The work of getting the indobt )dness, Mr. Fishback said, had boon inished in Oconce, York, Chester, llenufort, Hampton, Richiami and Lexington counties. Abstractors tre now rtt work in Abbeville, Barn vell, Groonvillo, Fairfield, Marion, Charleston and Orangeburg counties. There are altogether fourteen ab ?traotors at work in the State. They ire required to finish their work be ere the 1st of July. From tho Udlding and loan associations in ach county tho abstractors got a ecord of the partial paymonts that lave boon tundo on "living" loans luring tho past eight years. "We are having somo troublo," aid Mr. Fishback, "from the fnot hat partial paymonts are made on nortgages and no record of tho pay iiont is shown on tho clerks' books, all the counties whoro my men lave boon at work they bave found he books in remarkably good ordor ind splendidly kept, rendering tho vork of abstracting very easy, and all cases thoro have been very tuteli fewer mortgages than wore nticipatod." An approximate idea of tho ninn ici" of mortgages recorded is as ollows York County 2,500; dies er County, 1,300; Beaufort County, 100; Richiami County, 2,500; Oco leo County, 1,500. Greenville ,'ounty shows a larger number than my county yet examined. The records of .nortgages on real stato are the only ones of which ab tracts are mudo. Chattel mort gages arc not taken. The rate of interest on all mort gages is always taken in ordor to scortata the avorago rate of inter-. st paid in the Stato. Tho abstractors now under ap lointmcnt for work in this Stato and he places of their selection arc : Alison C. Morrick, Walhalla, Oco ico County. John B. Hyde, Greenville County. N. W. Ellis, Hampton County. Win, F. Myers, Walterboro, Col oton County. . II. Collins, Charleston. D. It. Russell, Anderson. Milton M. Kunff, North Carolin?. . E. Sen er, North Carolina. If. L. Shrewsbury, Choraw. E. J. Ilines, Virginia. M. A. Morgan, Virginia. Electricity in the Home. Prof. R. II. Thurston, in a recent rticle gives a graphic description of fh?t electricity will do in tho near aturo, lie says that it will break the present factory system and nable tho home worker once moro :> competo on living terms with reat aggregations of capital in un 3i'upulous hands. Great steam en incs will undoubtedly bocomo gono nl'ly the sources of power in largo it ios, and will send out tho elcotric ire in every corner of tho town, olping tho sewing woman at hor inchino, the weaver at his pattern ioni, tho mechanic tit his ongmo it he, giving every houso tho mo lianical aids needed in tho kitchen, io laundry, tho elevator, and at th une time giving light, and possibly eat, in liberal quantity and inton ty<_^_, ' Truth lies in character. No man can livo happy with nu nhappy digestion. It is easy for a man to bo a model usband when he has no wife.