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BY ?TO THINE OWN SELF BK TUUE, AND IT MUST FOLLOW, AS THE IIOB'T. A. THOMPSON & CO. iummMmnmt?i?fm*?m)?mm i m j '-_ ^ M I I - - rn Milli II I I I I i i n II irn?ri?. m.mi mniii PICKENS COURT HOUSE, S. C. SATURDAY, JULY 27, 1801. NIGHT THE DAY, THOU NO. 5& P?ETRY, The Farmer. lu a sweet healthy air, willi a "arm af his own, Secluded from tumult nml stvife? The Karjuer, more blest than n King im Lia throne, Un joy H all the comforts of life. When thc ?weet smiiing Spring shtils her perfumes . ' " around. And music enchants every tree, . With* his glittering plow share lie furrows his ' ground, With a, mini Independent and free. When Winter howls dismally OVOl'lho Cart ll, . And want-tells her tale at. his door, Sc-ve-iic'y he. sits at Ids clean I.lazing hearth, Ami dispenses relief to the poor. Then let idlo nnildlinii her ha tdd es pursue, ?While wisdom looks down with cllhdntn, The home <if the farmer hath charms ever new, Whew? health, peace mid eoitipelcncc reign. WjWMiTTin'iwiii If in II Iii ?,? sin p- IJ-P m O JFIJ X Gr I 1ST Ht . Ktiu. rnB'KKOWKK' COUIUKH. TUNNKI, lind,, S. C., J mm 22, ljSOQ. the. YOVUIJ Mt nc/ lichens District Vim must not think me nam riling, when some of you have ashed my advice in rofor euco to the course proper for you to pursue under existing circumstances. 1 suppose your j reason for asking m>/ ?tdvico, is, that, you know that T have attained to thc age of nearly three score years, and consequently ungid to be tibi? to give good advice; 1, however, fool my in competency, and, but from a sense of> duty, would decline : Some of you liavc told mc that yon had de termined to abandon the land of your birth, tho home of your parent*, your brothers and listers; and seek homes in South America or Mexico. Permit me, bofo.ro JOT? tal:? this stop, to nsk you to think seriously and mature ly on this subject, for iii.uoh of your happiness and thc happiness of those to whom you aro bound by tho most sacred ties, depend. You t*jy that ypu are unwilling to sp/md your lives iu a country where the negro ?md the white m ui aro, by its laws, placed* upon equality, as will probably bo the case in this country. Will you remedy this evil by emigrating to South 'America or Mexico ? Po you not know thc instability of these governments) and that the population consists of a mongrel race, from the Anglo Saxon to the Fsquii linux-n people whoso government, religion ami l.ingiugo isl different from yours? If you do not, ni tike yourselves" acquainted with tao history of these countries uno compare tho!r condition with that of your own country; do this ?md thoh decide.' You must not datier yourselves that these countries flow with mille and honey, and that .-ill you have to do is lo go to this land of (Juliann and you "will e?it ma una tit iel quails, and drink water from tho rocks smit ten by your hands. No; you.must expect to p'-iy your way through- Thc Mexican will not ;/ivc you his Hacienda ; you will bo re quired to pay him for it, and then if you ex pect to thrive you must work.' Tlicn do you not increase thc difficulties by.going ? You omnot carry your gray headed parents, nor your blooming little brothers and wisters with tho means you now possess. Thou why talk of leaving your native land when you arc need ed to cultivate the soil, to givn your influence at tho ballot-box, and to take cure of those who must be oared for by somoonc. If you go you invito tho negro to remain, and just in proportion to the number that moy emi grate, just in the sumo proportion you strengt h en tho powc,r of the negro, for labor is indis pensable,' and your place in tho field of labor must bc supplied ; mid consequently, the latid of your birth will bo by you voluntarily sur rendered to tho negro to occupy and to gov orn. V.ou ?nie what must 1 ?lo ? Look at your country, seo hbw .much virgin soil lies around where health and friends greet you'll! evory direction j and if you wish to enjoy life, buy farms-if you cannot pay down buy ou time-roll up your slccyos, tako oft" your gloves, scorn a sogar or a drinking saloon, aiid go to work; build a plain cabin, incloao a garden, Jay oh** ? nice plat for a flower yard,' inclose and clour a field for thc cereals, fix JIU a nico trough or tub to wash in, mid toko for your watchwords sobriety, industry and economy, and then marry thc girl'you loVe, who will, by her smiiosjiad: kindness, lighten thc cares and toils of lifo. Po tUoao things mid i prom? iso you viches greater thnn the mines of thc world can ft fiord, for riches does not consist in thc abunda noe possessed-it is a rola ti V0 thing. Thc Indian is rich who owns ii dog, a gun and a bear-skin, because bc has as much ss bis neighbor, nud* he covets, uo moro. A good man once said, " Godliness with contentment is great gain." I have given yb*' my thoughts on Ihesuhject, boping that by so doing 1 may elicit the views of others more competent, by which you moy bc nblo to act wisely. With much respect, _KO M V Xl) I IKK Xl)ON. POLITIC A JLJ~. REPORT Of Lkc CoHffrcsiiohul iiccmslvitvtion Coin M {((<!$ <>f Fijian. WASHINGTON, JunoS.-The detailed re: port of thp .Committee on Reconstruction was to day made in each House of Congress. They set forth the, reasons for tho conclusions to whiqh they carno iy reporting au amendment L> tho-Constitution of the United States, and the two Hills willi which the publie rt io already familiar. Speaking bf the condition of the ( Nmf?doratc States at. the close of thc rebellion, the Committee say these States wore in utter exhaustion and without governments. The President had no power except to execute thc laws of the land as Chief Magistrate. Tho laws give him no authority over tho subject ? of reorganization. Hy the Constitution he was Commander-in-Chief of thc army and na vy. , \\ way l\i.s*duly, under the*Ja.ws'of na tions und tho finny tog ula lions, to restore otv dar, to preserve property and lo protect tho people against violence from any quarter until provision Im made for their Government. Ho might, ns Prcsidout, assemble Congress uud submit the whole matter to the law-making power, or he might continue military supervis ion and control until Congress shoiUd*assem ble on its. regularly appointed day. A? io tim t hivernons appointed by iiiu Pres ident, it could not bc contended that they possessed'br' could exorcise any but military authority. They ha-D no power to organ ixe tjivii governments, nor exercise any authority except that which inhered in their persons under-their commissions ; neither bad tho ProsieVnt, as Commaudor-in-Chiof, any other than military power. But he was in exclu sive-possession of tho military authority. . It was for linn to decide how far he would exer cise it-how far bc would relax it-when nod on what terms ho would withdraw it.- Ile might,'perhaps, permit the people to assemble and to initiate local governments' and to exe cute such local laws as they nrrght choose to form, not inconsistent with nor in opposition to tim laws of the United States,.and,satisfied they might safely bo left to tlmmsolvos, bo illicit withdraw tho military force altogether and leave tho people of any or nil of these States to govern thoms** | .-cs without his in tor fe re nco, The Committee, after speaking of thooripil) and leading incidents of thc war, say it was waged ns a civil war of gigantic magnitude. lt was necessarily subject ,to all Ibo rules which, by thc laws of nations, control a con test of that character, and to all the legitimate consequences following it. Ono of the con sequences was this:.within tho limits pro? scribed hy humanity the conquered rebels were at tho li\erey ol" their conquerors. The Committee did not deem it necessary Or proper to discuss tho question whether the bite Con federate States arc still States of this Uti ion or can ever be otherwise. Grant this profit less abstraction about which so many words have boon wasted, it by no means follows that the people of these States may not place them selves in a condition to abrogate the powers and privileges incident to n Stute of thc'Union aud deprive themselves of tuj pretence to right to exercise their power mid enjoy their privi leges. The Committee, maintain that no por tion of thc people of the country, whether in ll Stato or Territory, have the right, while re maining on Its soil, to withdraw from or reject tho ' authority of life United States. They suv it is.quito evident from all tho facts, and, indeed, from th." wholo mass of testimony sub mitter! by tho 1'resident, that in no instance was any regard paid to inf other consideration than obtaiuing immediate admirion to Con gross nuder thc barren form of an election.in which yo precautions were tuleen to secure regularity of proceedings or the nssont of tho poople No.. Constitution has been legally adopted, except, perhaps, in tho State of 1 cn liossop, and inch oleotions ns wero held were without authority of law. TluVCominitteo aro trecordingly forced to tho conclusion that thc States referred.to have not placed themsolves in a-condition tof brill hi representation iii Con gress unless all tho" rules which have, sinco tho foundation of tho Government, boon deemed essential in snob cases', shall bo disre garded. * " Tho Committee then review at length the condition and feeling of thts'Soutlicrn poople, saying, among other thing?, that thc latlor claim as a right flic privil?ge* of participation 1 nt oucu in tho ( i over nine ut which, for four. years, they Bought to overthrow, while their presses abound in abuse of^'ho loyal States and efforts are made to porpt?uutc the deadly hate and discord between tlmtWo sections and excite hostility against the $derul Union. The report, which is a long bjl?) concludes as follows, whioh may bc wgardojijLrtB a Summary of the wholo case : Thc evidence of an i nt c n sx^ioatiJi^y to thc Federal-Union and an o^ppil^iifbinse loVe of thc late Confederacy, by tho ,ivar, is decisive. While it appears that nearly all arc willing to submit ot lonslvfor thc timo bji?g to F?deral authority, it is equally clcar'tha't thc ruling motive is a desire to obtain the Advantages which will be derived from a representation in Congress. Officers of tho Union army on duty, and men wbo go South to engage in business,aro gonorallydetestcd mid proscribed. Southern mon who adhered 'to tho Union aro bitterly bated and relentlessly persecuted. In smut localities prosecutions have been institu ted in S tato Courts against Union officers for acts done in the line of official duty, and sim ilar prosecutions ?re threatened elsewhere ns soon as'the United Stales troops are removed. All.such demonstrations show a state of 'feol lng iigajngt.which it is unmistakably uc-oes?a ry to gund. The testimony is conclusive that after tho collapse of the Confederacy thc feeling of the people of the rebellious States was that of ab ject Submission. Having appealed to the tri bunal of anns, they had no hope except that by the magnanimity of their conquerors their lives and possibly their properly might be preserved. Unfortunately the general issue of pinions tn persons who had bee? prominent in tho rebellion, and the feeling of kindliness and conciliation manifested by the Fxccutive and very generally indicated through ,the Northern press, had (he eft'ec.t tb render whole communities forgetful of the crime they had committed, defiant towards thc Federal Gov ernment and regardless of their duty as citi zens. The conciliatory measures of the Gov ernment do not seem to have been met even half way. The bitterness and defiance exhib ited towards the United Stilles under such circumstances is without a parallel in the his tory of the world. lu return for our leniency wc re?oive only an insolent assumption of rights and privileges long since forfeited. The crime we have punished is paraded as a virtue, ami thc principles of Republican Govern mont which wo have, vindicated nt so terrible h cost arc denounced* as unjust and oppressive. If WO add ta this evidence thc fact that al though peace has been declared by tho Pres ident ho has not to this day doomed it safe to restore thc writ of' Hubens Corpus, to relieve the insurrectionary States-of martial law, nor to withdraw tho troops from many localities*, and that tho commanding general deems an increaso of tho tinny indispensable to thc preservation of order and protection of loyal and well disposed people'in the South, thc proof of a condit ion of feeling hostile to thc Union and dangerous to tho Government throughout the insurrectionary States would seem to bo alarming. Wo now propose to ro-state, as briefly as possible, the general facts and principles tip plicablo to all the States recently in rebellion: First.-Tho scats of Senators and Repre sentatives from the so called Confederate States became vacant in the. year 1 SOI, du ring the second session of thc Thirty sixth Congress, by the voluntary Withdrawal of their incumbents, with the sanction and by thc di rection of theil? respective States, This was done as a hostile not against the Constitution and the Government of tho United States, with the declared intent to overthrow thc same by forming n Southern Confederation. This act of declared hostility was speedily followed byan organization of tho saino States into a I Confederacy which, levied and waged war by sea and bimi against thc United States. This -war continued for more than four years, with in which period tho rt bel armies besieged tho national capital,, invaded tho loyal States, bumed theil- towns and cities, robbed their citizens 'destroyed moro than 200,000 loyal soldiers, and imposed an increased no tiona-] burden of not less than ?3,500,000,000, of which seven or eight hundred millions have ! already been mot and paid. From thp time those Confederated States thus withdrew their representation in Congress and levied war against tho United States the great mass of thoir people became and were insurgents, trait ors, and jill of them assumed and ocoupiod tho political, legal and practical relation of enemies of the United States. This position is established by'Acts of Congress and Judi cial decisions, and is recognized repeatedly by tho President in public proclamations, docu ments and speeches. '* . Second-?-ThoStates thus "confederated pros tinted thoir War against the United States to flpal arbitrament, nod did not ocaso until all their armios wcro captured, their military power destroyed, their civil officers, State and Confederate, taken prisoners or put to flight, ovory vostige of State.and Confcdorato Uov ornmcrit obliterated, thoir territory overrut and occupied by tho Federal armies, and .theil peoplo reduced to tho condition JQ( encune! conquered in war. entitled only by public lav to such rights, privileges rind couditjo? ns might bc vouchsafed by the- conqueror. This position is also established by judcial decisions, and is recognized by the President in public proclamations, documents and speeches. Third - Having voluntarily deprived them selves of representsviou in Congress, for the criminal purpose of destroying the Federal Union, and having "reduced themselves, by tho act of levying war, to tho ooudition of public enemies, they have no right to com plain of temporary exclusion from Congress; but, on thc contrary, having voluntarily re nounced their right to representation and dis qualified themselves by crime from participa ting in thc Government, thc burden now rests upon thoth, before claiming to be reinstated in their former condition, to show that they are qualified to resume Federal relations. In or Qr to do this they must prove that they have established, with tho consent of thc people, republican forms of Government, in hnrmn ny with thc Constitution and laws of the Uni ted . States ; that nil hostile purposes have ceased, and should give ad?quate guaranteed ilga it ist futuro treason and rebellion, which will prove satisfactory to thc Government against which they rebelled and by whose inns they were subdued. Fourth-Having by this treasonable with drawal from Congress, and by flagrant rebel lion and war forfeited nil civil and political rights and privileges under thc Federal Con stitution, they can only be restored thereto by i-ho pcrniissjon ?ind authority of that consti tutional power against Which they rebelled ind by which they were subdued. Fifth-These rebellions armies were con picrcd by thc people of thc United States, nct ng through all co-ordinary branches of thc rovernmont, and not by the Executive IV tttrtmeut tilouo. The powers of Congress are nut so vested iii the Prcridout that he cnn fix md reg?late the terms of settlement and con er Congressional representation upon eon jUOrcd rebels and traitors, nor can bein nny way qualify enemies of tbs Government to ixerciso its '-law-making power. The author ity to restore r?brlo to' jjU>t?t\<>?I jw<??Nii tUa Federal Government can be exercised only ivith the coucurcncc of all the departments n which political power is vested, and hence ibo several proclamations of thc President o tho people of the Confederate States can 10t bc . considered as extending beyond thc mr poses declared, and can only be regarded is provisional permission by thc Commander n-ehicf of thc army to do certain acts theva idity wlvoreof is to be determined by thc Con ditutional GoVcrament, and not solely by the lOxcoutive power. Sixth-The question before Congress is, ;h?n, whether conquered enemies have the 'ight and shall be permitted nt their own pleasure and. ou their own tonus to participate n making laws for their conquerors. W.heth sr conquered rebels may change their theatre if operations from thc b.ittle field, where hey were defeated and overthrown, to thc liait? of Congress; and through this represen ilttion sciv.e upon thc Government which thc) sought to destroy. Whether the national treasury, tho tinny of the nation, it> .ivy, its torts and arsenals^ its whole civil ad ministra .ion, its orcdit, its pensioners, thc widows anc uphaiis of those who perished in the war, th? public houor, peace and safety, shall ail b? turned over to the keeping of its reccut enc mies without delay, mid without requiring meh conditions as in thc opinion of Congres: thc security of thc country and its institution may demand. Seventh -The history of mankind exhibit no example of such madness and folly. Th instinct of self-preservation protests against it The surrender by Gnintto Lcennd by Shermat lo Johnston would have been disasters of les Magnitude: for new armies could have beci raised, new battles fought, and thc Govern fient, snved. Ther anti-coercive policy which jiider tho pretext of avoiding bloodshed, al lowed the rebellion to take form and gathe force, Would be surpassed in infamy by th natoh I ess wickedness that would now s?rr?c 1er the halls of Congress to those so rcccntl n rebellion, until proper precautions shu' liave been taken to secure the national fait ind tho national safety. Eighth.-r-It hus been shown in this repon ?nd in the evidence submitted, that no proc lins been afforded to Congress of a constituer ay in any of tho so-called Confederate Statei unless we except thc Stato of Tonncssec, qua ilicd to elect Senators and Repr?sentatives i Congress. No State Const i tu ti flu, nor amoru incut to n Stato Constitution, has had tl tyHCtion of tho people. All tho so-called lei isliition of State Conventions nod Legislatur? lins been had under military dictation. '. tho President may at his will and under h Dwn authority, whether ns military cofnman nr or chief Executive, qualify persona to a point Senators dmr-elect Representatives, ni empower others to appoint and elect thom, 1 thereby practically controls thc ?rg?mixati of tho legislative department. The constit tionnl form of Government is thereby prac cally destroyed apd Us powers absorbed in t Executive ; and while your Committee do 1 fora moment impute to tho Pruadcul r? .A . M ? '" . . . ._?. -' - -..Li_." such design, but cheerfully concede to him thc. most patriotic motives, they cannot but look with alarm upon u precedont-so fraught with danger to th? Uepubiie. Ninth-The necessity of providing ade quate safeguards for the future, before re storing the .insurrectionary States to a partic ipation in tho^'direction of. public affairs, as apparent from-;tho bitter hostility to the Gov ernment and people of tho Lfnltcd States yet existing throughout thc conquered territory, is made incoot estibio by the testimony of many witnesses and by undisputed facts. Tenth--Thc conclusion of your Committee, therefore, is that the so-called Confederate States arc not at present entitled to represen tation in thc Congress of tho United States; that before aflowing such representation ade quate security for future pence and safety should bc required ; that this cnn only bo found in such changes of tho organic law ns shall determine thc civil rights and privileges of tho citizens in all parts of this republic, shall place representation on an equitable ba sis, shall fix u stigma upon treason, and pro tect thc loyal people against future claims for . thc expenses incurred in support of thc rebel lion and for manumitted slaves, together with an express grant of power in Congress to en force these provisions. To this cud they offer a joint resolution for amending thc Constitu tion of tho Uuifcd States and thc two several IJilis designated to cany thc same into effect before referred to. Before closing this report your Committee beg leave to stale that thc specific recommen dations submitted by them are the result of concession, after a long and careful compari son of confiicting opinious. Upon a question of .such magnitude, infinitely important as it is to thc future of thc Republic, it was not to bo expected that nil should think alike Sensi ble of the imperfections of the scheme, your Committee submit it to Congress as thc best they could agree upon, in the hope that its imperfections may bc excused and its deficien cies supplied by legislative wisdom, and that whoa filially a dop t/ul it may tend to rcstoro voo?n ?nd .harmony ?to the country, nod to' pince our Republican institution* ?.ti it moro stable foundation. \\V1\ FESSENOEV, TIIATTDEUS STEVENS, JAMES W. CHIMES, JUSTIN S. MORRILL, IMA HARKIS, JOHN A,. BINK HAM, J. M. HOWARD, ROSCOE CONK LIKU, GEO. II. WILLIAMS, GEO. S. BOUTWELL, Thc dissentients are Senator Reverdy John- . son and Representatives Henry Glider and Audrcw J. Rogers. . , The Theological Seminary. The board of Trustees of the Theological Seminary, in Columbia, held its annual meet-, inp last week,"and, ibo -Southern Prosbytc ' r?an" informs us, adopted thc following res olutions : I Resolved, 1. That in the present unsettled and impoverished condition of thc country, it is iiot thought, expedient to inaugurate any general scheme to raise funds among the , churches for the rc-endowment of thc Semi nary ; but that it be rccomeuded to tho synods heretofore co operating in thc support of the Seminary to misc, each in its respective bounds, and by such agency as may be thought best, thc sum of s? 1,000. to supplement tb,u salaries of four professorships. 2. That'in order to carry this measure into effect, the Rev. .Dr. Howe and Rev. Wm. Bunks bc appointed a committee to attend the next meeting of the Synod of South Carolina; tho Rev. Dr. Woodrow and Rev. Rufus K. Porter, tho Synod of Georgia ; the Rev. Drs. Adgcr and Stillman, thc Synod of Alabama j and tho Rev Drs. Pulmor nud Lyon., the Syn od of Mississippi. 3. That the ladies throughout all our church-* cs bo earnestly requested tu, engage in raising funds, in any way that may bc thought best, for thc supportof indigent young men who may bo cngngcd in thc prosecution of their theo logical studies; and that thc pastors of tho churches, bc reqiicsted to aid thc ladies by their advice in thc prosecution of this under taking. 4. That thc Rev. Messrs. Dwight Wither spoon, of Memphis, Tonn! ; ThomasH. Welch, of Little Rock, Ark.; N. -Chevalier, of Gon zales, Texas, bc requested to solicit contribu tions in their rcspeotivo Synods, ns they .may have opportunity, for tho general use of tho Seminary. 5. That, whilo adopting thc nbovo plou to relieve the immediate, pressing wants of the Seminary, the Board would nevertheless urge such' individunls in tho churches as may havo tho moans to moko contributions for thc per-, namont endowment of the Seminary. And they would, therefore, request thc Rev. Drs. Joseph ll. Wilson, James A. Lyon, B. M% Palmer aud Rev. J. R. Burgott, tenet asa committee to raise funds for thc pcfnamcnv CLV dowinent of thc Seminary. Tup " Cincinnrttti ICnqvJroru says: Tho South ji'rt people, just now under tho action of the agonts of the Freedman's Bureau, are hko Swink, and Ibo bed, bug?? : j< Don't carotmuoh about tho bugs," said Swink ; ." bul thc truth is,.4'ye not got tho hlocd to spare."