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44 To (hine own ?elf be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou'can!st. not then bc false to any man.'' BY ll. A. THOMPSON <fc CO.] PICKKNS C. H., S. C., SATURDAY, PUB lit! A KY 3, 1*800. [VOL. I-NO. 20. O ?R, I O l IST jf^. J-j. , ' FOR THE K KOW ER COURIER. TOBACCO Mr. Editor : Having promised several of my friends an occasional article for your pa s' per on tho planting, cultivating, and manage ment of Tobacco, I propose commencing with an article on sowing the seed and raising the plants : - For this purpose, a moist spot .of land near a* branch should be burnt sufficiently hard to prevent any;wild growth from springing up; When cool, the coals and ashes should be shoved off, and the bcd hood up about two inches deep, and well manured with manure frosh fuom thc stable. It should bc well mixed with thc soil by repoated hoelngs, and the bed well cleared of roots aud turf, by means of a rake. Then mix thc seed in. . hes and sow thom regular ly over thc bcd in the proportion of a table spoon full of seed to iifty square yards of sur face. It should then be tramped all over and covered moderately thick with any kind of brush that has no loaves on it. Secure it fron, the stock, and let the brush remain on it 'till tho frosts of Spring ave fully over. Then re " move the brush and clear the bcd of any trash or Jeavcs that may have accumulated. In this way, phip ts may almost always bo raised in good time for transplanting, which should be commenced about the first of May, and may he continued 'till the first of July. The best time for sowing the seed is the middle of Feb ruary, but any time viii* do from the first of January 'ti1! the first of March. Fifty square yard?, well set with plants, will bc sufficient .for transplanting three acres. New ground is the best for Tobacco, from which' a full crop 4 I m? y Ko rjiisod t.l>o i\rnt. yuwv ; which,' in OOM?, Would not produce more than half a crop. . . Alargo portion o" the districts of Pickcns and Anderson is well adopted to the produc tion of Tobacco, and, at this particular time, might be mado profitable to the planters, as well as to those who might engage in its man ufacture. Should a sufficiency bc planted this year to justify the establishing of a Factory, iu Pickcns district, the planters need not have . ?my fears about finding purchasers at remuner ating prices in thc leaf, or they may have it mauufa'ctured upon shares, vary according to quality. / In coriimencing the cultivation nf Tobacco, 1 wouW advise tho planting of not more than one-and-a-half acre to the hand * which will, not materially, lesspn the grain orup ; yet, fur nish profitable employment after the corn crop is laid-by. I will furnish the renders of the " Courier" with further instructions, from ti tuc to time, asl think'it maybe needed, 'till the crop is ready for market. So, in concluding this ar ticle, let tue a'dvise those who desire to try the experiment,lo sow the seed and deal' as many acres as thoy wish to plant, and have" it ready for tho next article. ' . January, 1860. ' I). 1 ?ESTEtl; HA^TY. LEO ISL ATiO N.-Tho House of Rep resentatives hastily passed a Pill the other day which in effect released thc illinois Cen tral Railroad from transporting Crovorninont stores without transportation, contrary to the, terms of the original. grant. After tho Bill had'passed into thereunto one or two of thc . members rubbed their eyes and awoke to the ?m por taped of thc measure.- The matter was again brought to thc attention of the House, 'and a lively debato ensued. Mr. Washburue, of Illinois^-who introduced the Rill, disclaimed having any sinister or concealed object in view. T?i? result of the debate was tho recall ing of the Bill' from ?the Senate to review it. Oatonstbfjr thc Rill Was a hit ajb tho Camdon a'nd Amboy Railroad, but thc heavy stroke foll in another quarter. This carelessness or indifference on thc part of tho members of the 'House with reference to felic business before it was made prominent by Mr. Hale, of New York, and some Others, and it may bc reason ably expected that in future wc shall not have , a repetition of hasty legislation on important topics.- Cha flaxton Courier. SCARCITY'OF COTTON.-.It \s behoved th'at, in the.most hopoftil view that can bo taken of the cott?n product of' 1866, such a dearth of cotton will bc experienced this year as to raise the price, before next September, to a dallar a,pound. Thc Oovernmcnt.so far inclines tb this belief that it has suspended the sales of captured cotton iu .Now York. OFFICIAL. - _ ? Headq'rs' Dep't'ment of South Carolina, 1 * CHARLESTON, January 1, 1800. / [General Orders No. I.] I. To tho end that civil rights and immuui- j tics nitty be enjoyed; that kindly relational among the hfhabitunts of thc State may bc cs- i tablished ; that the rights and duties of the employer, and the free laborer respectively may be defined ; that thc soil may be cultiva-' ted and the system of free labor fairly under taken ; that thc owners of estate may be se cure in the possession of their lands and tene ments ; that perspns, able and willing lo work, may have employment'; that idleness and va grancy may be discountenanced, aud encour agement given to industry and thrift; and that humane provision may be made.for the aged, infirm and destitute, thc following reg ulations arc established for the government of all concerned in this Department : II. All laws shall be applicable alike to all the inhabitants. No person shall be held in competent ta sue, make complaint, or to testi fy, because of color or caste.. III. All thc employments of husbandry or of tho useful arts, and all lawful trades or call ings, may bc followed by all persons, irrespec tive of color oreaste; nor shall any freedman be obliged to pay any tax t>r any fcc for a li cense, nor be amenable to any municipal or ''parish ordinance, not imposed upon all other persons. IV. The lawful industry of all persons who live under the protection of the United States, ami owe obedience to its laws, being useful to the individual, and essential to the welfare of society,, no person will bc restrained from seek ing employment when not bound by voluntary agreement, nor hindered from traveling from plano to place ?rn lawful busiucRf.. All co&ibU. nations or agreements which aro intended to hinder, or may so'operate as to hinder, in any way, thc employment of labor-or to limit compensation for labor-or to compel labor to be involuntarily performed in certain places, or for certain persons, ?? well ns combinations or agreements to prevent the sale or hire of lands or tenements, arc declared to be misde meanors ; and any person or persons convicted thereof shall bc punished by fine not exceed ing five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment not to exceed six mouths, or by both such line and imprisonment. V. Agreements for labor or personal ser vice of any kind, or for the uso and occupat ion of lands and tenements, or for any other lawful .purpose, between freedmen and other persons, when fairly made, will bc impartially enforced against either party violating the same. " VI. Freed persons irfmble to ' .bor, by rca? son of age or infirmity, and orphan children ol' tender years, shall have allotted to them by the owners suitable quarters on the premises where they have been heretofore domiciled as slaves, until adequate providion, approved by thc General Commanding, bc made for them by tho State or local authorities, or otherwise ; and they'shall not bo removed from thc prem ises, unless for disorderly behavior, misde meanor, or other offence committed by tho head of a family or a member thereof. VII. Able-bodied freedmen, when -they leave the premises in which they may bc dom iciled, shall take with them and provide for such of their relatives as, by the laws of South Carolina, all citizens ?Ve obliged to maintain.. VIII. When a freed person, .domiciled on* a plantation, refuses to work there, after hav ing been offered employment by the owner or lessee, on fair tertps, approved by the agent of tho Freedmen's Hurcau, such freedman or woman shall remove from the promises within ten days after such offer, and due notice to ro? move by. the owner or occupant. IX. When able-bodied freed persons are domiciled on premises where they have been heretofore held, as slaves, and are not employed thereon or elsewhere, they shall be permitted to remnin, on showing to thc satisfaction of .theCommanding officer of the Post, that they have made diligent and proper efforts to ob tain employment. Xl Freed persons occupying premises with out thc authority of the-'United States, or thc permission of tho Owner, and who have not j been heretofore held there as slaves, may bc removed by tho Commanding officer of the Fest, on the complaint of theciwnei1, and proof of tho refusal of said freed persons to remove after ten days notice. XI, Any person employed or domiciled on a plantation or elsewhere; who may be right?. ? '? ?/v<* 'i't fully dismissed by tho terms of agrcomcut,.or expelled for misbehavior, shall leave thc prem-1 ises ?nd shall upt return without tho cousent of the owner or tenant thereof. XII. Commanding ollie ors of Districts will establish within their commands respectively, suitable regulations for hiring out to labor, for a period not to exceed one year, all vagrants who cannot bo advantageously employed on roads, fortifications and other public works. The proceeds of such labor shall be paid over to thc Assistant Commissioner of (ho Freed men's Bureau, to provide for aged and infirm refugees, indigent Treed people, and orphan children. XIII. Tho vagrant laws of the State of South Carolina, applicable to free white per sons, will bc recognized as the only vagrant laws applicable to the freedmen ; nevertheless, such laws shall not be considered applicable to persons Avho are without employment, if they shall prove that they have been unable to ob tain employment, 'after diligent efforts to do so. XIV. It shall bc the duty of Ofiicers com manding Posts to see that issues of rations to freedmen arc confined to destitute persons, who aro unable to work because of infirmities arising from old age, or chronic diseases, Or phan children too young to work, and refugee freedmen returning to their homes with thc sanction of the proper authorities ; and in or dering these issues Commanding Officers will bc careful not to encourage idleness or vagran cy. District Commanders will make consoli dated reports of these issues, tri-monthly. X V. The proper authorities of thc State In the several municipalities and districts, shall proceed to make suitable provision for their poor, without distinction of Color ; 'in default of winch, the General Commanding will.levy an equitable tax on persons and property s?f :^:ri>MV tb o n\ippnrt. of,th$^<K>r. a>. ? XVI. Tiie constitutional rights of all loyal and well disposed inhabitants to bear arms, will not be infringed; nevertheless this shall not be construed to sanction thc unlawful practice of carrying concealed weapons j nor to authorize any person to enter with arms on the premises of another against his consent. No ono- shall bear arms who has borne arms against the United States, unless he shall have taken tho Amnesty oath prescribed in the Proclamation of the President of the United States, dated May 29, I860, or thc Oath of Allegiance, prescribed in the Proclamation of the President, dated December 8; 1803'fwith in the time prescribed therein. And no dis orderly person, vagrant, or disturber of the peace, shall be allowed to bear arms. XVII. To secure the same equal justice and personal liberty to the freedmen as tooth er inhabitants, no penalties or punishments different from those to which all persons are amenable shall be imposed on freed people; and all crimes and offences which orb prohibit ed under existing laws,.shall be'understood as prohibited in thc case of freedmen ; and if com mitted by a freedman, shall, upon conviction, bo punished in the same mannered if commit ted bv a white man. XVIII. Corporal punishment shall not bc inflicted upon shy pierson other than a minor, and then only by the parent, guardian, teach er, or one to whom said minor is lawfully bound by indenture of apprenticeship. XIX. Persons whose conduct tends to a breach of the peace may be required to give ! security for their good behavior, and in default j thereof shall beheld in custody. XX. All injuries to the person or property j committed by or upon freed persons, shall be j punished in the manner provided hy the laws of South Carolina, for like injuries t<> the per sons or property of citizens thereof.- If no provision bo made hythe laws of the .State, then tj^c punishment for such offences shall be I according to the course of the coin mon law; I and in th6 case of any injury to person or prop I orty, not prohibited by the common law, or.for j which the punishment shall not be appropri ate, 8Uoh?8ontenoQ shall be imposed as, in the discretion of the Court before which the trial is had, shall bo deemed proper, subject to the approval of the General Commanding. XXI. All.arrests, for whatever cause, will 'b?*reported tri-monthly, with the proceedings i thereupon, through the prescribed channel, to the General Commanding. . XXII. Commanding officers of Districts. Sub-Districts, and Posts, within their, com mands respectively, in tlreabseneoof tim duly appointed ?gout, will" ncrform any duty apper taining to tlie ordinary agents oLtho Bureau eil ijtei'ugecs, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, carefully observing for their guidance all or-? dors published by thc Commissioner or Assist- N ant Commissioner, or oth'br competent au thority. XXIII. District Commanders will onforae these regulations by suitablotiustruotions to Sub-District and Dost Commanders, taking care that justice bo done, that fair dealing be tween man aiid man be observed, and that no unnecessary hardship and no cruel or unusual punishments be imposed upon any one. Dy com. of Maj. Gen. D. E. SICKLES. W. L. M. BU KG Ell, A. A. General. Official : ALEX ANDER WOORE, Brevet-Major and Aid-do-Camp. What Young People. Should ^n?^. The best inheritance which parents can givo their children is the ability to help and tako caro of themselves. This is better than a hun dred thousand dollars apiece. In any trouble or difficulty, they have two excellent servants in the shape of two hands. Those who can do nothing, nnd-have to be waited ?p?n, aro helpless ahd easily disheartened in the misfor tunes of life. Those who aro active and hardy meet troubles with a cheerful face, and easily surmount them. Let young peoblc, therefore, ^ learn to do as many things as possible Every \>oy should know, sooner or later ' 1. To dress himself, black his own boots, cut his brother's hair, wind a watch, sew on a ; button^make a bcd, and keep the clothes iu order. ^ 2. Tcf harnefls a horse, grease a wagon and ' ' harness a team; 3. To;carve fowls and meat, and wait on thc table! 4. To milk thc cows, shear the sheep, ad dress a ^fiil or mutton. .V l^^n money?Mkc?p fttfo?ntscor- ..... rectly, ana according to book-kt'eping"rules, r " 0. To write a neat and appropriate briefly i expressed business letter in a good hand, fold cud superscribe it properly, and write con ! tracts. 7. To plow, sow grain and grafts, drive a mowing machine, build a heat stacie and pitch hay. 8. To pnt*up ri package, build ri fire, mend a broken tool, whitewash ? -wall and regulato a Clock. Every girl should know how ' 1. To sew and knit. 2. To mend clothes neatly-, il. To make beds. 4. To dress her own hair. 5. To wash thc dishes and sweep the car pets; \t 6. To make good bread rind perform plain cooking. 7. T'o keep her room, drawers and cloaets in order. ' 8. To work a sewing machine. , 9. To make good butter .and cheese. 10. To make a dress and children's clothing. 11. To keep accounts and calculate interest*. 12. To write, fold and superscribe letters properly. . , 18. 'To nurse the sick effectually, and not to faint at thc sight of a drop of blood. 14, To be ready to render efficient aid to those in trouble, and iii nu unostentatious way. 15. To receive and entertain Visitors in the absence or sickness of her mother! A young lady who can do all these things well, and who is always ready to render aid to the afflicted and mitigate ,thc perplexities of * those around her, will bring more comfort to others and happiness to herself, and be more, esteemed; than if she knew how to dance, simper, sing and play on tho piano. HON. A. H. STKPLTKNS-HIS VIEWS.-^- V letter from A. H. Stephens, dated at Craw- ,. fordsville, Georgia, 25th ultimo, contains'the following paragraph : i As to how I am doing, I oan only say that, ; in thc matter of health, 1 have improved'great 1 ly since my return homo; but the ceuntry'l I (ind iu a worse condition-physically, morally |and politically -than I expected. The gen ? eral'uesire of thc people is for a speedy resto ration Of civil law and harmony, and 1*am en gaged in doing all I oan to effect that result. I do trust that wisdom, moderation and true patriotism will rule tho councils at Washing ton, * * * Meanwhile, it is thc duty of every one to do the b,est he ? can ; the wise and thc good will always take thin ; as they lind them, aud do the best thoy eau with them aa they present themselves.