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KEOWKE 0 0 V R1ER. ROB'T. A. THOMPSON, Editor. TEttMS.??1..r>0 ppr annum. iu advance. If paymont he delayed until after the expiration of the yoar. $2.00. For aix months, 75 ccnts, in advance. Advertisements inserted at the usual rates. PICKENS C. II., S. C.: Saturday Morning, June 11, 1850. Resnitpd. The free boy, Sam Oylesby, who it* now in /ail under sonlenco to he hung on the 24th instant, has been respited by Gov. Gist. The first Friday in November has been fixed upon as the day of execution. The Tunnel Hill Barbeouo. His Excellency Gov. Gist has complied in the best spirit with the wishes of tho Committee of Arrangements i.t regard to fixing the timo for tho proposed mass meeting at Tunnel Ilill. The Review of tho 2d Hegiinent, !11 - -jv - ?m. i .? %r?.% nv iiuii r?, ?ni uuiiic uii on i nursany me 1J3U1 of August, and the 5th Uegiuieut, at Huntor'*, on tlio 22d of tl.c same month. The Cotmuittoo of Twonty-ono arc requested to moot next Salosday for the purpose of fixing ou a day, and the transaction of other business Harvesting-, &o. Tlio golden-headed wheat is now ready for tlio sickle; in fact, much of it has been cut. T!io crop generally in short?in homo sections ol the district it is better than in others. The rust is injuring badly the oats, a light yiold of w hich only is expected. Tall Rye. Mr. Dennis Dodo sent us, the othor day, a stalk of Rye, which measured about eight icei in ncigiun. it is a tan staiK ccrtainly, and tlio remark was in ado to us at tho titno that Mr. 1). had plenty " more of the same sort." Special Attention is directed to tho advertisement >f Messrs. Fisheii & IIeinitsu, Druggists, I Greenville 0. 11. Thej coino to us recommended as good business men honorable and just in their dealings. The other advertise moots in our columns doscrvo the notico of the reading public. AppointedK. II. CftY. F!?n. IlflM lioon nr?r\r??nf<>/1 ... , -rr ? master nt Snow Creek, in this district, in placo of Mr. Emekv Moore, resigned. The Blue Eidge QuestionThe candidates for tho Legislature, in Williamsburg district, (tho election being ordered tv> till the vacancy occasioned by the death of Mr. Bklskk.) have declared themselves on tho question of granting further aid to the Bluo llidgo Railroad. J. B. Chandler, Esq., favors further reasonable aid?to tho extent of $1,000,000 more, at least?and makes tho issue before the people in an honest and fair manner. lie intimates in his addross that he is in a minority at this time, but, wo trust, boforo tho election is over, he will bo in tho majority, llis opponent opposes tho measure in toto. The Conrt of EquityThis Court commenced its sittings for June, at Edgefield, on Monday last, Chancellor Johnston presiding. In an article ou the Court, the Independent Press says: "The business of the Court hoeras to be constantly increasing, and wo believe that the opposition to the Court is gradually passing nway, as the public mind has become better informod with regard to the nature and scope of its operations. The chief ground of objection has been the costly character of its proceedings, but this is small item, when estimated by the value of the intorests which arc here determined, or when compared with mc commissions realized by Kxecutors nnd Administrators in the management of estates In tho.case of all large estates a rosort to a Court of Equity for tne purpose of sale or partition we believe will invariably effect a great snving in the matter of costs. Bui, after all, cheap litigution id rather an evil 'than a benefit. It is much moro important that the rights of property be well defined, and ho interpreted by a tribunal which shall administer a valid nnd effectual remedy in evory caso of doubtful or conflicting claims ?which shall afford the best means of de- , tooting fraud nnd repressing wrong. And we believo that for the purposes of its organization, no bettor system of justico has ever been doviscd than that which is administered by our Court of Equity. The Court convenes at this placc on the first Monday in July. City IntermentsWo acknowledge the receipt of a pamphlet containing a " Roport of the commit too of tho City Council of Charleston, opon inter* monts within tho city, and tho memorial from Churches and citizens." Theao several papors discuss tho question of tho effcct of interments upon tho health of tho city. We return our thnuks for the copy sent us. Eefkcts.ok tub Flood.?Tho late flood of tho Mississippi and Yiizoo rivers has l>een aiittrmt unexampled in tliednmageit has done to the cotton plimtors. Many tlmusonds of acres of the best cotton hinds nre overflowed and rendered unproductive during the present season, including the famous Deer Creek Bottoms, noted for their fertility. Tho fine plantation of Senator Douglas, near the bayou, is wholly Inundated. ^ An Aaeo Criminal.,?An old woman, 77 years old, named Ellen Ilcwitt, is in jail in Albany. N. Y.. on tho eharire of stealing a mantilla. Sho totters as she walk*, ynt as to hor gilt it is said, thero ia no question. Tea Skf.d.?Information has boon received at tho Agricultural Bureau of tho Patent Offico, anuounciffg tho shipmont of niiio casn? of tea aeod from Hung Kong. It iaexpooted that this soed will arrivo within a few day*. Tho Bureau will then have enough I Railroad Operations* Wo state with pleasure that satisfactory progress is being made with tho work at tho points whore operations have been continued. At tho >Stuniphouso tilnnel, during llio j?ast month, two hundred and thirty feet of j ruck have been removed ; and wo regret to | state iu this connection that the forcc here has been materially reduced, owing to the circumstance that the Company is without available funds. The work at ?*?lw?fts Nos. 2 and 3 has been discontinued. Tho western hea liiijc i* within the sound of Shaft No. 4, and will prohahly bo through by the time the mooting is hold. These facts show, were it necessary to do so, thai, tho completion of this great work, heavy ns n is, is ono altogether of calculation, and that tho largest | o,n<l most difficult part of the tunnel Uas been ! completed. Tho interest manifested in this grei\t enterprise is holding on to the public mind with remarkable tenacity. It is ono proof of its vast importance, and indicator, wo must boliovo, a successful termination of tho contest for further State aid. News of the Day. The election for Comptroller and Aldermen of tho city of New Orleans passed off peacefully on the Oth instant. Tho " know nothing" ticket was successful by about 2,.Wk y\jy/ uuijwnij. Tlio citizens of Buncombe county voted on the 3d June, instant, on the proposition to subscribe ? 125,000 to the capital stock of the Greenville and French Broad Railroad. Tlio majority f >r tho measure \v?a 802, out of a vole of 1,054. A shocking murder was committed at St. L">uis on the 3d inst. Joseph Charless, one of tho oldest and most rcspoctcd citizens,was shot and mortally wounded on tho street by G. W. Thornton, formerly teller in tho Boatma.i's Savings Institution. Charless had boon a witness against Tho;nton. Such was Charless' popularity that Thornton is in danger of a mobbing. A suggestion has been made in various | quarters that a grand celebration be bad at Willianmton 011 the Fourth of July next, and that Hon. J. L. Oru bo invited *o deliver an appropriate address. It is designed that Abbeville, Anderson, Greenville, PiekenF, Newberry and Edgefield bo represented on the occasion. The suggestion is a good one for all, especially tho pleasure seeker, and we trust that it may be carried out. The Anderson Gazette savs that tho State and district tax collected in that district is $14,767.59. The census of Anderson district, as we learn from the same sourco, show the white population to be 14.400. President Buuhauan was at Chapel Ilill, N. C. at the college commencement. lie was enthusiastically received on his route from Washington, 25,000 persons receiving him at Ualeigh. The news from Europe is of a stirring naI turc. The cotton market is firm. A battlo j had been fought at Montibello, ^otween doI tachmonts of Austrian am! French troops, in j which the lot tor were successful. The allies lost 700, and the Austrians 2,000. Auotriuu j prisoners had reached Marseilles. Furthnr particulars may reach us by next week. From the Newberry Rising Sun wo learn I that on Saturday Inst the indefatigable U. S, j Deputy Marshal, James Y. Harris, succcedcd in arresting a defaulter in the Blue Ilidge j Railroad Company's emp'iy, who had surreptitiously pocketed and decamped with about $800 of thoir money. An officer was in hot pursuit but lost him here. After arrest ho disgorged $840, upon which tho Deputy released him to go whither he would. non. jonn Jjetciikh, tne democratic can* j didate, lias been elected Governor of Virginia by about 4,000 majority. The Legislature is largely democratic. ,Tqiin Miller and "Junius."?The Pendleton Messenger, in a sketch of the " Old Stone Meeting House" in that town, after speaking of several celebrities buried in the grave-yard, says : | . ueneain a cluster ot cedars repose all that is mortal of John Miller, printer.? Welingered long by his grave, for his eventful life afforded us food for meditation.? If we could have seen and conversed with his descendants, who live in this vicinity, we could have guided a fuller sketch of hiui. Mr. Miller Wan the oldest typo in the State. For the publication of Junius' letters? the author of those papers he well knew -?ho was expelled from England. He camc to South Carolina ; probably Worked for a while in the office of the first paper published in this State, at Charleston, and thcncc removed to Pendleton, usiug the l i n * * press which vien. vrreene naa in Ms campaigns, he did job work, until ho commenced the publication of tlio " Pendleton Messenger"?the *? eond paper established in this State. " The world has speculated much as to the authorship of Junius, but John Miller carried the secret, to his grave at the " Old Ntoirc Meeting House," and lias left no 1 info' nation as to the name of the author." I Sad Disappointment.?Wo lcaru,says a New Orleans piper, that young Henry Viek. who was killed in the rlnol l>v Mr Smith, near Mobile, ti few days ago, wan to have been married thin week to a lovely and wealthy girl, living on Deer Creek, Mississippi. Tho' young lady, accompanied by her mother, visited New OrleaiiH a short time since, and purchased from u st'..,o on Canal street u magnificent bridal j trossojftj. Alas! how snddenly have tho brightest expectations and inowt joyful anticipations been dashed to the ground. A juryman was asked out west, whether be had l>eon charged by the presiding I Judge? " Well, SqnijPe," m?i?l l>o, "the I little follow as aits up in the pulpit, and kinder bosses it over the crowd, gin us a talk, but I don't know whether h? chnrgcs anything or uot-." Pennlngs and Clippings. Cotton.?Seven hundred bales of cotton i changed hands in Charleston, on the 6th in* ! | statu, nt pi icca ranging from 8} to lOf cents . I cr pound. Kkhard.?The Bank of Charleston offers i ! a reward of SI,000 for n package of $5,000, ; ; missing from the mail between Charleston I ! and Abbeville. This is tlio packngo noted 1 us lost in the MrreUry of Mny 10. 1)ki*nkdaTion ot-Locusts.?Tlio Memphis, Tonn. Avalanchc, of tlic 23cl Bays: ".Wo \ hour of extensivo depredations committed by ! tho swarms of locusts which now infest tlio country. In somo instance* theso insects have attacked gardens and growing crops and almost ontircly destroyed thom." Tub Scotch Irish.?There is* a stream of Scotch Irish beginning in Pennsylvania, run- ! ning through Western Virginia, ami the i two Carol inus down into Tnxaa. Wherever you strike this stream you will find virtue, intelligoneo, and many thing.-* that are fair and lovely, and of good report among men. New Ham rsiiike.?The Legislature of Now ' Hampshire assembled on Wednesday Inst, j ?Jos. A. Uilmoro was electod President of the Senate, and N. B. Bryant, Sjioiv^or of tho House. Tho presiding officers, us well, uh tho other officers of both b^anchos, arc all Republicans. Good ani> Bad.?Three staple productions of tho bolt' in lands of tho Missouri arc, corn, : pork, and over and ague. New Com.euf. IIai.i..?The Philomathcan Society of Krskinc College, Duo West,propose to erect a new lmll on the College campus for their purposes. Tho dimensions decided up ^ ? n . . i on aru ioriy-six loot oy llnrty-tour loot, and two stories in height. Tiie Wheat Chop.?Advices from Tennessee say that new wheat will ho ready for market, in many parts of that State, by the first of tho prosent month, nnd that the crop givea indications of th<? groatost abundance. Cf.i.eii rat ions.?Tho Masonic Lodgos of Anderson nnd Grcenvillo will colebrato St. John's day (24th Juno) by addresses, with dinners to follow. Ox Heads.?Each bond, it appear?, hasono hundred and fortv thousand inlinHi???n?E? i t > * "* tins being the average number of hairs in the lie.id, as counted by a Gorman naturalist.? Blonde heads have tlio greatest number, however?brown next, nogro next, and red heads the least of all ! CliAniTAUi.C.?The Order of Odd Follow? now numbers about 200,000 members in the United States, and paid out last year $.'5.10,: 000 for tlio relief of the sick and $12,000 for t'ie cduoation of orphans. Profitable.?W. W. Ivoh, an enterprising farmer, residing near Norfolk, Ya., i?;'s realised $5,000 on his hinteahbnge crop. It has been shipped to the North. Calhoun Association*.?The nott proceeds i of tho reccit fair of the Ladies Calhoun Association, in Charleston, amounted to$6,050. Early.?On the 14th ult. "cotton squares" were taken from the plantation of Mrs# M. C. Iliggs, back of Mijliken's bend, ?<a. t)i?u.?Mrs. Wilkes, one of the parties poisoned in Newberry, died recently from o i i uuucis in mo poison so administered. Reviving a Blue Law.?A bill is before tho Connecticut House of Representatives to j prohibit all theatrical exhibitions, Ethiopian | ooncorts, menageries and other mutters of kindred character, in the State, unless tho same shall be of a strictly moral character, under penalty of $100. Tiie American Tract .Society.?Hon. R. C. Winthrop declines to be a candidate for re-election to the vice*presidency of tho Boston Tract Sociotv. for PAimnn lliof ;? ft. ?." publication of auti-slavary tract.*, a tiling with which it rightfully should havo nothing to do. UnoAllant !?Tho Uritlsh papers say that the present Tuscan Government has refused t > let the Grand Duchess havo her dresser, but her linon has been sent to her. That is mvi?u?u>; Kunuvy nut Hie MIlC'll, OUt tllO policy which refused the ponr lady hor dres(.03. Oa'.'antry seemn to H?vc fled riorouoCt A L.\roe Bird.?Charles Kutz, landlord of tho Washington Hotel, at Kutztown, Berk* cmnty. Pa., has in his possession a live vulture?o. rare bird in this region?nvhichinca biii o-j, uururts mo wings irom tip to tip, soven feet. IIemp Fever Epidemic.?'There are sovcn executions to taker place in Canada In the courso of next month?ono in Toronto, ono at Merrittsvillo. throo at Hrantford, ono at (Joburg. and ono at Belleville. Escaped.?Three prisoners escapcd from onr jail, snys the EdgeAold Advertiser, during Saturday night last. They vtoro tho two Virginia Jonesos, imprisoned for horsestealing, and Jasper Paris. Kkscmed his Sway.?A gentleman rode up to a public house in the country, and ask o l?" Who is tho master of this houso ?"? I " f am, sir, replied the landlord ; uiy wifo has boon dead about tlireo weeks." i Oi.d School I'resiivruri/vs.?Tlio Old! Sshool Pro.sbytcrian General Assembly, now in sossion at Indianapolis, comprises 2,408 l monitors, 2,324 churches, and 250,000church member** There aro 141) Prosbytpries tlint are entitled to send dolegatoa t?> thp (Jwneral Assembly. . ; . , M??, W..?.? ft.. '!< ? i.w,r? >t */> .?>sn mummy seventy uuaIi* els of now pmno trhito whont sold at. Charleston, <U $1 75 per bush*). A Biitek Pill.?Misfortunes nro moral hitters which frequently rostoro the healthy tono of the mind after it has been cloyed nnd sickened by the tfwety of prosperity. An abomftonist Dispatchbd.-?The Savannah Republican says: Phillip McNully, A travelling ngnnt fur a patent bedstead, hailing from Ohio, was detected I net wock in on attempt to decoy, cortain (davo.j of Covington to n froo State. Tho oititens of that placo rid theinsolvci of the ecnitip by shearing his j locks, applying a thick coat of printer's ink to his ponton, and thou riding him on a rail to the depot, where he was allowed to depart. IIiuii Pbice for One Vote.?Money was spbnt with a |avi?h prodigality at tho recent ! election in Ureal Britain. Tho English pa- j pera, in reporting the election of a member j ,*r n...r.o.i i i v. ? (??iuiiniM uy unu vuie iivcr ills opponent, 1 say tlint single vote oust S700. A Shiiit worth Skeino.?" Ruby " one of tlio Yorkvillc EnqXliror's best correspondents (and tlmt is saving considerable) jvritos that the very acino of mundano beauty is ' A beautiful, refined woman seated on a fine horse, holding a rosobud in her hand, and nd niring and loving n glorious sunset." Notice to Lf.avb.?The people of Fannin county, Texas, have givon the abolition preaoners 01 mar region sixty (lays to leave ; it, otherwise, if thoy leinain and persist in ! their course, tliey will he dealt with "as the i South has learned to deal with nlylitiouists and negro thieves." P. T. Baunum's Note.?The Farmers' Hank of Bridgeport. Conn., has a noto o<" I'. T. IJarnurn's for $?,'5,000 and hold no securities therefor. The financial agent of Mr. Barnum offers To tier cent- for tlio fm*n ?f Mw> note for it. Heavy Imports.?The tot til amount of imports of dry goods at New York.for the week ending 28th ult. is in excess of any single week for many months seven millions of dollars. Marrying Young.?A couple were mar. ried in 1'uwtuokot last week, one of whom, the girl, was loss than thirteen years of nge. The bridegroom was n few vnars older. It was a runaway match. Fire.?A destructive fire occurred atWilkesbaire, Me., on the 31st ult. The loss in estimated at $80,t)00. At Work.?We arc indebted to J. Cook. Chairman'of the National Democratic State Central Committee, of Illinois fur !i .<nv>v <>?' . .. tho address of that Committee, closing with j the assuranco *liat "the Stntoof Illinois will | be fully represented at Charleston, ready and powerful, to co-operate with the Democracy of the whole Union." Drath ota Ijadt From Jov.?The Knglish papers report the death of Mrs. Young, a lady of high social position, who died under the excitement produced by receiving tho joyful intelligence of the election of her nephew to the House of Common*. A Living Business.?A correspondent of tho New York Journal, of f/iin nwivc savu i^ reported thatono large and well known I manufacturing firm in Rhode Island are now making $20,000 per week : and if their business continues thus as profitable, they will eloar $1,000,000 this year. Remains op a Mastodon.?The MoKinnpy, (Texas) Mcssenyer states that tlie skeleton remains of a mastodon have been found imbedded in tho earth, on a branch of Hickory Creek, about fifleon miles North of that place. A tusk nine foot in length iu.d ten incite* at the base has been dug up, also a part of the jawbone, weighing twenty pounds. Yes! All but the llixk, Mr. Messenger. a n i>..~ - < * T> A*. L-AltMb I Ulll.ll.ntu. v7i1u ?l iiic l>onton Knights Templar, who came to Virginill, bought a negro man for $800 for ft free c dorcd woman in Boston, who furnished the uioney and is to marry him. Death up a Cosorkssma.v.?-Hon. CyrusSpink, a member of Congress cleet from Ohio, died suddenly of apoplexy, on Monday last. _ Krkctkd.?Tho Legaro Monument, lately erected in tho Magnolia Cemetery at Charleston, in described as an elegant and appropriate memorial to the worth of Hugh Swint >n Logaro. Pit i lantii ho pic.?An editor in the Southwest, says his philanthropy is quite exton* sivc, but not sufficiently so to induce him to !!'->!<! nn umbrella over a duck iu ft thunder 8 to mi. IIappy Man.?Col. Fullor, late editor of tho New' York Mirror, says that on a late drivo in the suburbs of London, he met the royal carr'uigo, and instinctively lifted his hat, and involuntarily bowed his head, a token of rospoct Which hor Majesty and the 'iUoen Consort most graciously acknowledged. Tho delighted Republican writes an account thcroof to tho New York Express. Rhode Isj.and Leoisi.atuke.?This Legislature mot on Tuesday. Wingato llnyes was elpctod Spoakcr of tho House. There having been no election for thoso offices by I ?no people, J>lr. Saunders, American Jlopub- | lican was chosen Lieutenant Governor, ami Mr. Parker, American Republican, Gonoral Treasurer. Millions of Locusts,?The western slope of tho llluo Kidgo, in Virginia, is now covered with millions of locuwts. They appeared first near tho top of the mountain, about j two weeks ago, and seom to bo moving in n westerly direction. i ? Effect of Phavkk.?Prayer-meetings have been lately instituted in the Ulster comity , (Now York) jail with n view to tho corner sion of tho prisonera. On Wcdnom'ay Inst, tho loader in prayer oxh - ted tho prisoner* " to flo3 from tlie wrath to conio," ami the NAtno night six of them, giving n Hmncwhat literal interpretation to Iiih advice, brokcjail ami tied. Lahob.?It ia only by labor tlmt thought can bo mndo healthy, and only by thought that labor caci bo made happy, and the two I (wuuoHjC separated with impunity. To tho People of South Catoliua Fellow Citizens : There arc t\^eo groat ditties on earth Which \vc uro, optch aiid< every ouc of us, called upon toperform while occupying n place on it: %ur religious, our political, and our iudustrwl; and each of these duties'"requires at; equal portion of our attention. It is too often assorted-that there arc certain individuals of society who are mjuirod to disehargo these duties respectively, and that they should bo held exclusively responsible, no interference being had between cach other. Had this been the ease, we should havohad no Archbishop Carroll eigg'd in the organization of our political constitution; uo Alexander Hamilton, the young merchant, engaged in its administration; but all would have been left to the wild speculations of the exclusive political champions of the day?the Jeffersons of our new era?and nn illy-balanced machine been permitted to hold its sway over the destinies of a few people, to be replaced in time by some one i' A I. _ .ir ? . ? ui ino uueie systems <u government prevailing in the oM world. Yes, fellow-citizens, a churchman can understand polities a merchant can administer governments, a politician can appreciate moral restraint and civil enterprise in his turn, and thus all three he employed in the advancement, of the interests of the nation, each depending, in good faith, upon the efficiency of the other. I have assumed this general proposition as a neeCRsarv oreluJe to the subieet whieh I hnvc to lay before you, viz : the pin t taken Uy John (J. Calhoun in tho Kahun Cap, or Blue Ridge Railroad,as it is now called. The facts which I .shall present will allow him to be the first instigator of that track for our tlaily intercourse with the great West, and to the hour of his death it.s unceasing supporter. It is for you to appreciate these facts, and, in doing so, commence by reversing the decision of the majority of your Representatives at the last session of the Legislature, by which the Stiitc appropriation to this groat work was withdrawn. I take the liberty to make an appeal; but if it he true that my immediate neighbors the parishes?-the seaboard districts of the State?were the c^u^e of this vote, thev'hiivrt nll-nn.lv fm-.r,ilfmi ilirt ' J - '"l? "* tv' "",v man whose reputation. cvcii now.wlicn lie is (lead, is defending them in their d Cutest rights, and will continue to <lo so until, by uniting the Atlantic slope with the valley of the Mississippi, through this wonderful pass in the Blue Ilidge mountains, we shall require no further aid, in our industrial status at least, from the rest of the world. Mr. Calhoun would, placing one hand upon the singular indentation of the Atlantic Ocean on the coast of South Carolina, and the oilier on the tipper waters of the Mississippi, exclaim : " Cnite tlicse, ami the future is sufficiently ours to nuike us industrially inclepenilent at least." JUu I must not anticipate my facts in their regular order, or forget that I am nut plead inn a cause. Duty, as having been an engineer in the service of South Carolina at the period to which L refer, alone instigates mo to effort, in carrying the o-reat object now presented to every man born on the soil of South Carolina?her railroad to the West. To many of you it is known that Mr. Calhoun spent much time and some money upon the gold regions of Georgia, North and South Carolina. These regions brought the different passes of the Blue llidge in .1 > ' iui'?u olaics respectively in review uciorc Mr. Calhoun. Prior to any definite action hail by the people of South .Carolina as to routes, and when engineers wore roconnoiterin^ them without any regard to particular State interests or State prejudices, Mr. Calhoun advised nic, in ease I should be appointed to examine the Georgia passes, 1. I ll ? ? m umjmiy mo utmost coup a a il allowed to the engineer in the examination ; for tliey required bold combinations ; and yet they were the only ones offered us for our great enterprise. At this time I knew nothing of the great statesman's private interests, nnd hence personal researches in the mountain regions; I only remembered that, as an officer in tho Topographical Bureau at Washington, I had seen the report of Captain, now Major Bache, to tho Secretary ot War, nnd that thus Mr. Calhoun had been officially informed of the fact of the ..r *i.? t>..i * *? to.iim.MMLy ui tiiu iviiuuil U.1 [). JJlll i>I:ljor Hacho's object was a canal, with its lockagcn, reservoirs, basins, &o. Could these results be used in the establishment of a railroad, with its light grades, gentle car and trains, &c.'( T thought Mr. Calhoun wanted this problem solved. I did solve it; and my report was made at the early convention assembled at Kuoxvillo to consider this important subject. But there was no Calhoun th^re ; the sirne necessity for difference, and oven reserve in communicating with me, constrained him in participating In tho Knoxville Convention Divisions in fm-na ii? wtauM - """ and knowing thpt the. great state of (?eortria, if separated frovy the Carolinns, could turn the nluo Ridge entirely, by running her linen soino liundrcd miles farther south, he feared that his grand " diagonal route" SI! h& C.iiluu it, Wi/iilu fill! VlOliill tu the diversion, and would not risk his reputation, or, rather, expend his energies in vain. But was he inactivo, oven, when everyone seemed to despair ? It was in a conversation, had at hit. own house at Fort Mill, and not more than n week after the Knoxville Convention had adjourned, the State n I?.: -A - - ill nit v IIIWIDKiraWM ICOm tnm Convention, as he expeoted, that ho inado uso-of tho grand expression I huvo already mcd : " VJnitc these," (placing ono hand oi> the Mississippi and the other on Ihe Atlantic!) "anu 'he futuro is sufficiently ours to inako as industrially independent, at least." Determining U> retrace tho fatso step tf^at had been taken, he hfct no tinio in repairing to Georgia, nt her favorite reunions, had at Athens at its collego celebrations, and before ho loft orders were is sued by tho Kxccutivd of tlmtState fof tlio ihstumontnl survey of tho Rabun Qiip jhiss. But note tho precaution of tho truly groat man. \y<7tt) his ideas Vbguo? Wejro his plana takou vrlthout Grcry invceti^ip^ v"? -- .Tv-rrr-r? -xrr J necessary ? 1 had boon quumoiied to his ; table; hitf iimp wore spread ?t before him ; with pencil and sonic in hau\ ho had traced an indelible line diijuonuWy across tho . Union, and then examining ita track, cried out, " I knew it; there is your?:tp ; there ! is the jjrent pass; thorn tho mountains rc! cede, the one from the other, us though | they invited tho States of this great confederacy to pass and repass them. And you siy tljut it is available for a railroad.? | A railroad from northwest to southeast?a diagonal road?will give to our seaboard j all that in southwest of that lino, nod much that is northeast j it will compote with tho 1 northern markets even at the gates of Cin| einnati. We may fail, air, in our endcav| ors now, but the result must come, and our | industrial independence he secured by this ; boon of I'rovidencc?this inexplieablcpass, through a mighty range of mountains, un> loss for some great mortal purpose, such aa ! >> w_ .1:1 /. a ai 1 j in IIUW [llll|IIKIVU. II I! UlU t it 11 IIIV1I." (The \">t6 of Central Georgia prevailed at ' tlie noxt session of the Legislature ; nnd j tho route by tlie detour of the Blue Hidjre, ; or the Western nnd Atlantic lUiilroad to i Chatanooira, was opened by that l?*uto ? j Hut while Mr. Calhoun took the utmost ini tcrest in that work, of which ho was con| stantly advised dutinp its prosecution, he i never -rave up the Ilabun jx.ss. lie ucvcr 1.1 I.1-- ' - - i <i'r vivti nil1 uvu maud asconrucung. i uo oiKMvastravcr.so, tlio other diagonal; tlio one niinrel at southern production, tho'othcr northern. The fcOncMit ration of theso two production#. upon our seahonrd was to achieve tho independence to which I have alluded. The recent efforts of tho citizens of South Carolina, lucked by tho State, promised nil that Mr. Calhoun had desired '< ami almost prophesied. The spirit with ! U.I.5..1. !.? > * * I., ...? \ a \ */niv MIUi;v: ililimiKU >> ilfl ill lilM prosecuted, assured its friend> of its suc( cess ; it lulled thorn into niueli conlidence j they lind no conception of the fearful g'ip with which a degrading penury was ubo to seize upon the liberal spirit of the State, *** and drag it down from its wonted pre-eminence. I myself received lettors from tho most?distinguished citizens of South Carolina at the time, assuring me that all was {safe j that tho determination of the people of the Alls:* tic seaboard to unite themselves with the West was a fixed fact, and i? ' that the interior or mountain districts wero with them, t'nder this conviction, our parish roads, the Savannah and the Northeastern?the one from the State, and the other from the city of Charleston?recei; ve?l handsome contributions for their spec dy coinpitlion ; in fact, every tiling nroiri.sotl a steady onward inarch in tho piosecntion of the grand feeder which was to ! supply these lesser arteries with blood from j the great heart of the Union, the valley of i the .Mississippi, lint penury upproachen I stealthily j it is ashamed of itself, tlliit it 1 should have been compelled to clutch at pennies, when it should be spending pounds. At the last session of the Legislature, lam satisfied that it crept in when it was suppo- j sed that tho doors were closed. The nu nority ot your delegate*, fcllowcitir.ens, like yourselves, woro taken by surprise; ' they had had no intimation that the rtoblu ' spirit of daring, of determination, of perseverance, of paticnoc, for which h}?*? was celel r tod, was gone from her. and in its stead a craftiness, a cunning, a cupidity, ii carelessness of honesty and of ulightcd faith, were creeping over the character of the State?wero degrading it to the level of thofce mere expressions of nationality which are down-trodden in our daily histo- 1' ry wjth a disdoiu which shonld inako even /> South Carolina tromblo. South Carolina, claiming position on the Atlantic seaboard, j with her chief city the mistress of Wcsj tern, Southern and Northern trade, the | lesser arteries of that city permeating e\ cry j parish adjacent to her, is the only Sout'.i . Carolina, that can claim nationality in tlii* j our day of political centralization. " But to i return to my legitimate object';?the pre*- { j tigo which .Yolin C. Ctilhoun gives to the I Itubun Uap or lllue Ridge Rdilrofld, and *' to the point immediately*, heforo us?. Th-i V only real object whioh he Haw Ptandiffg in | the way ot' its prosecution was the tact tlir.fc tho county of Kabun, in which that pass J lay, was owned by Georgia, and in that spir- J it of littleness which overcomes ot times "? tho councilH of the people's representative I (Jio liiid too niQcli con tide nee in the people of Georgia to fcnr them',) apnssngethrough that county might bo refused us. So apprehensive was lie on this score, Unit, taking Gen. Gadsdon with him, whilst tlio excitement as to routes was rifest, he mado every elfort to penetrate to the Went through our own territory, but in vain ;i?nd he even proposed, ns a aerni&r resort, to purehauo the county of Rabun from the Stato of Georgia, that ihere should remain tio obstacle to the ultimate success of tho great work. Soo the foresight, tho calculation, the fearless application of means to enda in the true representative of the people.? Mr. Calhoun did not llv? lnn<? j sec the noble disinterestedness with which I the State of Georgia ginntod to South-Car* j oliim tho right of way forever thiou'gh tlio ' Rabun p;?8s.* IIo died before our people, g ! followoitizens, placed their shoulders to tho .I ! wheel in this herculean undertaking. On hid way to Washington, in hi., last illness. I visited luiu on this very subject, but ho j was too surcharged with politieul ref-ponsi- I bility to divido his enfeebled powers.? ! " Sir," was the grnhd inquiry, " h??^o you j ' not followed Mr Clay in hi? tour through ! tho State of New York? llnyo you not ! Boen,'Jiow he has aroused tho people, tho { yeomanry of that immense Stato ? It is in | polities, and not industry, thns we must | now employ ournelves. I cro to * ] ton to contend with this nwful,cxbitcmcnt, ?| j thronieninjuc, I fear mc, tho irmtiitit disnip. ; tion of tho Union. You take m> military engineering intend of civil, nuA fxntniuo B ! those weak points in our sinlflWrd, whero 1$ j tho sovereign States of tho Confederacy hnvc given up to the General OovcrnroHit cortaiu slips of land for purposes of fortl- S lieution : wc may want tovccovor thcuo before wo oirmloy oursclves-further with rail- II roods*" lie dirt ward-vfftfio'poHUwil.blow W ' 1