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"TO THINK OWN SKLF 15E TRUE, AND IT MUST FOLLOW, AS TIIE NIGHT THE DAV, THOU CANST NOT Til KN HE FALSE TO ANY MAN." BY ROli'T. A. THOMPSON. PICKENS C0U11T HOUSE, S. C. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1858. VOL. X. NO. 21. 5?&!LIE?YI?!S> IPOlEYlftV, ? 1 ? . n The Farmer's Fireside. How happy was the eventide, ' ? In tiro good old days now past find gone, i As ronn<l the farmer's fireside. We gutlieretl when tlio day wen gone; The tin-light flickering on the wall, j Swoct voices sounded in the hall. Then songs nnd mirth and tnlcf. went round, Anil mnnv n ?KAitf j - ??>h?>vi yi??i? j Rang out yritb ioyous penlings sound, ; ' Which loving hearts grew warm to hear; I I1 Clay shadows danccl upon the wall, l.ike city belle at the city ball. : " ! a Tho rudybluzo of the great pine fire, Ginned on I lie. good dame, happy and mihl; Uuvnished the locks of (lie gray haired fire, n Tainted the cheeks of the frolicking child; n Vrightencd with lustre the long broad hall; (,'nst many elmdows on the wall. 1 Artd when the merry Christians chine, | 0 FUookltips wore hung on tlic Christmns tree ; : n Ami I lie simple frift. and (lie good old game. o Made the old feel young, and the young full ! v of glee! It The shadows lingered on (he wall i t< And light feet lingered long in (he hull. Many Christ!masses eanie nnd went; j I The old folks stood on the brink of the grave; Their forms were withered mid feeble and bent, J And the youth grew ftp to manhood,' bruvc; ; Then the shadows tremble on the wall, Like leaves of Autumn ere they full. j * TIiosp (lavs nre froiif> ?llin? o?-it-il?. ?!?.! I > Ami preen mound* where flic willow weep, V Among tliC nation* of tho (lend, I t Show where t'.ose old folks calmly sleep! i Tlieh silence reigned within the hull, | j And darkness shadowed nil the wall! j ^ The little ones (lint sported there. j Scattered o'er earth far nnd wide, j At-HOjlcd by worldly grief nnd cure, Weep us they think of the old fireside! In dreams they sport again In the hull, And dnni'O to the shadows on the wnll. I ~?" i.l [POfl11 . ~ __ " " ~ W : \ Senator Hammond?Col. Maxcy Gregg } It will be remembered that ni'ew weeks since t vro eharaotemod certain letters from a num- } ber of gentlemen about Columbia, written in 1 response to invitations to the Kdgetield din- i tier lust summer to 'icneral Douhani, as an t assault on Senator lltuumonil, and an at- ! r tempt to loist tlie slave trade question on the t State Iliirhts nartv. Tliev wnrn frnnt ! t Attain*, and from Colonol Gregg, Mr. mayor t Tnulowoll, ami (Jul. Allen (Jicon of Columbia: t nud they wore evidently prepared in mutual i undormanding and ohjeotfl. Last week there 1 appeared in Columbia a pamphlet embodying 1 those and other letters, to which was attach- i cd a IVcfaec by Colonel Maxcy Gregg, which i we publixh in another column. Copies of I this "pamphlet were laid on the tables of moiu- > bers of the Legislature: and the Prefwo al i Imlcd to, wo submit, proves that our estimate i of the movement of these gentlemen was in I suosianco correct. Wo <lo not propose to make ftny issue xvitli Col. Miixcy Gregg on principles or parties? ns to those wo entirely agree; nor to impute to him any improper design, personal or political. Wo know and warmly appreciate the jflern rcotitudo ami manliness of nis character, private and public; so, also, of the otlier gentlemen. But wo cannot approve of the mode in which he has sought to enforce his y'cws and policy. Wo cannot consent to a division and distraction of the State llights party, where circumstances do not justify it. 1 We cannot accent his estimate of Senator c II i' 1 - * ' 41UIIIIIIWIIU b 9ui'wut;n mid OUJCCIS. WO CflU- fi Hot acknowledge his authority, or tliut of any S net of gentlemen, to ostracize from the State a Rights party many who have Ixjon its admit- c tea leaders and faithful servants, because c( they do not sen treason or fully in Senator I Hammond; and we, especially, discouAtcnance and resist the attempt. In allusion to v that statesman's speeches, he says ; " Tho 1 States Rights party were astounded." Colo* I ncl Mns<v(?regg may have been astounded; f hut are lie and his friends the party? Did n int* nun. xucssrs. uncir, .Mcljui-on. lloyco, 1 Keitt, Milou and otherp, or tho Morcurv, i Nowh and other papers, express such aa'toii- S ihnmcnt? They .nny have differed with the I Sonutor on conic points, but they concurred with him on fundamental principles and lending dbjccts : and even on policy they were not prepared to disapprove his or suggest anotli- f ei course, howo,iv?r they may hnvo cntortnin- ^ cd varying conjectural opinion* on either facts or tho future. Aro theso latter gentle- ^ Uion and papers, of known public position r and service in tho State Ili^hts party, no Ion ger to bo regarded as member* of or expo- J, lionts in if! Have they lxwtmo Orr Nation- .| nlrt, or have they ever failed, and ill disrcgard of party, to raiso the voieo of indignn- f, tion against and of notion upon Southern 'j wrong!? Colonel Gregg is omitled to his f opinions and tp express thopi. but did tho (| Chairmanship of tho Central Committee, to v Jinaumgo the olneiiiin to a Southern Congress iSSSgpZ the of Secession, entitle him to ^ rsiiid tTjeno gentlemen out of tho State Hights j( piU'tv, in %vlto?a ranks they wore then lead- (| HwSv'Weil as fiirhtinff ? WJin u*j?? ilm ildr? tlio llun. lt. Hnrnwcll Jlhott or,Colonel tj Gregg? Colonel Gregg sneore at "moral victories;" but In tlio actiml or njoral advancement of tho c.fttiHo of our slnvo institution, v. which did tho most service, his Chairmanship hi in 18.11 or Hammond'* letters to OluvktOlij n tho exponent of Exter Hall ? Colonel Grogg ft ropudiftfos nil who liavo g<>.?o with Oir or ?< who approve tho State's g '?ng into patty tl Conventions; but in his lettor on tho occasion T of tho dinner to Gon. Ronham. ho lands tho ai loiter gentleman for his course, although ho in was ft member of tlie very Convention held ft three years ftgo at Columbia, which he tie* pi uounces in hi? " 1 Veluce." o< Ho complftinn of Senator Hammond. For \V \rUHt ? For couleteing with Op). Orr 011 Convention*. He Intiirifttoa it; hut the 'Senator Jn his Jioech Island Speocli diroetly eouhhcIIM tlmt the people of the Htato should not l\ merge themselves in or Im> trammeled or mis-. *!l imid by party, un4 not to go into party Don- \ vontiojis. All the reports of it Btuted this 0 e? ?4 i 'A a I /1 ' i.i 1*1 in inuv i*ii>i ujviiihui, uuu V/Ujt MilllBCll Jicartl tliftt cpeedi. I'or his lottcr of tlmnka for on invitation to tl Qir Onytonvillo dioticr? Yes. Tbi?t was bl i #. * ' " s short note of political courtesy, containing n politic*; ntid sorely a politician, however iuering with nnnthor in opinions, mny ho Mowed the privilege of civil ty ftiul compliant to hint ! Anil, laying aside Col. Oil's refcrcneo for Convention* and his course for in ty, what havo tlioro bean in bis votes nd spccches in Conirress. whi.-b i <>t constitute fair "political conduct," and ; Inch Souat??r Hammond could not approve.? j Allusion is mado to tho influonco upon >onntor Hammond of tlio "atmosphere of Washington.*' This is so ungenerous, it may ass for what it is worth. j The Senator is assailed for the declaration | f his belief that Southern politicians generlly would not go for a severance of tho Un>u, in the event of the election to tho Pres'ency of a Black Republican. But he did ot shy that he himself would not go. lie lludcd to the probability of their course, as no of the difficulties with which a State tight:) statesman, like himself, would have to ontend; and as he himself would not like to dvise or attempt Secession, until four or live f the Southern States were ready to move rilli iSoutli Carolina. Ami did ho not advise luit faith Carolina should be always ready i) move, with them ? Hut does Col. CIrogg directly charge or novo that Senator Hammond approved the ,'nioii as administered, or that he dofendod t for itself and in disparagement of our poitical cause, or that lie counselled the slijjjlitst submission to any wrong upon the South ought to bo perpetrated through it? No. c.jt n word to tiiese effects were uttered or can >c found in his speeches. It would have >een(|Uoted against him, it thero was. On ho contrary, th<~. Senator advised Disunion f further or opp : sivo tariff exactions wore >ut upon the country ami the South, lie vas f >r Disunion, if no other cflieient moans ouhl ho had to maintain ami preserve the Southern slave institution, and our State vighls either over or under tho Constitution, le thought. there were other means, whereby ?nd probably we could win victory in the nion; that ho was willing to try them, ostec.inlly as we were already in the Union; hut hat if they failed, ho would insist upon scoring the IJnihn. lie thought the means \ ore of such a character, tending to the eleation of our cause, that even failure upon hem would leave the South, in herself, stronger and prouder than before, and that with icr population, extent and resources, on gong out the Union, sho would he a great na ton. j\ow wluit is there in all this, to which i State Rights man should object? Is it not he very substance of our position, of the acts, and of what common sense suggests ipon thorn ? Let those who cavil give us lumothiug better. If they havo not, and can lot, it is proof that he has given us the best. [)?> they mean, that they would not fight the ...111- -f iL. 15 .1 . *11 t juiviv ui inu ouurn ai mi, necnusc at present tmuatbo fbnght in the Union? Do they noan, that if a victory could bo won in tlie Jnion, tlioy would regret it, bccnuso tliev vould have to accept or retain the Uuion with t? Even Disunionism ixrr #c it?elf?Disunon for itself, and not slavery alone, should je content with such a victory, rather than isk the difficulties of a severance and of the emulation of a new government. J>ocs Col. irosjc, on the other hand, beliove that h>ena or ilaioinoiiu, iti liicoot tlio hitter's doelaraiun to tho contrary, would not at 01100 go vitli tho youth into a separato Republic, if ho Smith was ready for and desired it? Or Iocs Col. Gregg think tlint tho Senator should iow have advised Secession by South G'aroina, without nnv immediate pretext, as was lad in 1851, and when not Another Southern >tate would npprovo or go? Would ho have md him to dwarf himself into a local Kpoutor if "blood and thunder," or to endeavor to :ather himself the Itvimnntr* nf ? Souther* Sonatorand Statesman, whoso coun ?ts should be a part of llio destiny of the ountry ? These are till pregnant points and |Ucstion?, upon which, we think, Col. Gregg ins not suflieicntlv pondered. If by n Stato Kights man is meant one. k-ho. in addition to well known State Rights irinciplee, is not in policy a Unionist per se, nit is ready and disposed for a Southern Conbdoraey when a proper and available crisis trivoii, then Senator Hammond is a Stato light* man. With a firm conviction that ho k, wo njfttiQ invoke tho State flights party of ionth Carolina tn remain united under bin auncr, and confident in his leadership. [Charleston KvACfTioN Day.?Tho seventy fifiU nnnierfiiry of the ova,dilation of New York by lie British troops at the ctoso of the ltcvoutionary war, was celebrated on the 26th, by he military. At sun rise tho Veteran Corps red a salute on tho Battery. At a later no iotl of the dav the First division of militia of aradcd iu full force, and attracted deserved ommeudation for their tine appearance. In lio evening the Society of tho Cincinnati colhratedthe anniversary bv a dinnor at the istor llouso. While tho military wero going lirough their evolutions at Washington Pillule Ground, Gen. PaeE, tho Vouo'/uolan pariot, who hud accepted an invitation to reiew tho troops, received a severe and it is :nred fatal injury in conseqneuco of bis prao slipping upon the puvomont and fall ? ujiwii um huuuihi a rif^nv mot, nroaKing 10 great toft and dreadfully !accraiing the ool, and rendering a j>ni 11 lu 1 surgical opcraon necessary.? Herald. Comino to It.?A Paris correspondent rites that horsc-mcut is being introduced in jvorul cities in Kuropo ns an article of hulan food, llo states that there aro already tur shops in Vienna whom stich moat is dd, oue in Dublin, and several sprinkled iroughout Germany, in tho various cities, ho sale of hovse-nicat can, howovor, never rrive lit a largo regular trade, as the horse i too valuable an animal to bo raised for KmI, Tho horsos slaughtered fop snr-h niir. r>M>, however, are probably thotc which bc>mo worthies* from uhl ngc, or who meet ill. accident* of broken limb*, Ac. To gain n corrcct acquaintance with hu? uui nature, it is not nccossiirv to move iri a ublio or extoimivc sphere. A uioro limited rule of observation conduces to greutor i.,.ut(ui998 and accuracy, A public mode I* bfy is favorable ?*' & 'Knotvloogo of innnftrs : nrivato. to a knowln^c-of iihnrapinr It seems to bo so oasy U> be jjoo 1 nature*!, nit it is n wonder Anybody ti$*a thy troulo to be anytbtog cleoj i Report of Col. Gwinn, Enginoer, < To the Directory of tlie llluc llidge llailroad. P Gentlemen:?In nccordaneo with tho jndi- j! cious policy of tho Company, adopted soon .j after the abandonment of Bangs 't Co.'s con- ( tract, the operations of the past year have been r confined chiefly to the important works in j South Carolina and Georgia. The result of tho venr's labor in htcrlilv ?...t ' ables inc to make tlio gratifying announcement i Hint such progress 1msbeen mudo that tlio pevi?nl is now at hand for the commencement of the intermediate sections ot light grading and . the extension of the track. Before entering upon a recital of the works J I which have been operated upon during the past J year, the progress of which indicates tlie adI vance towards the completion of the road, ami . 1 in the opinion of some, exercises a paramount i influence on the success of I lie enterprise, 1 i would state what lias been accomplished be- j I tween Anderson and l'endletoiv | Between these places, which are thirteen j miles apart, the track was completed in April j last. lly an agreement with the Greenville & | Columbia Hail Road Company, tlio (rains J which run on their branch road front Helton to | Anderson have been employed in the transpor- " tation between Anderson nnd Pendleton. They commenced running on the 2fith' of May, and ' without any interruption or failure lmvo mode three trips a week, running in connection with the trains on the Greenville & Columbia Hail Hoad to and from Columbia. The Company have on hand two fust class ( freight lomotives, (one was placed on the line on the 20th of August,) fourteen platform J; I cars. ten vrnvot mr? - ' 1 - , viiu vi i'iiiv i'd i mill nnc pole car?nil of which arc employed in widen- . ing and cleaning out the cuts and in the transportation of stone from llayticVQuarry for the ntftxonry at Twenty-Six Mile Creek. One couch, four box, ond four platform cure hare been ordered. A? ?oon as they come to hand the trains of the flrcenvillc & Columbia Rail Kond Company will be withdrawn at their re luest, ami the Hluc Uidge Rail Jload Company will run their own trains for the carriage of freicrht nnd Hansen pj>r? h<>i?nKn .Viwin>-?nn I A O? - ?*"? . l'cnrileton. Although tlic track has been laid mid the i cars arc running, the Koad cannot bo proiiotmccd finished in a permanent manner between ' Andorson and I'endleton. The trains jmss on 1 tlie trestle bridge over Twenty-Six Mile (-'reek, ^ which 1 stated in my report of 1K6H would bo built as well to hasten the arrival of the cars 1 at Pendleton as to afford tho means of trans- , porting stone for the masonry, and aiding, by ! serving as false works, in raising tho wood and iron work of the superstructure of the permanent bridge. The trestle bridge also answers the further 1 purpose of affording the means of carrying , the stono direct directly over the piers, and by derricks attached to the bents of loWerine 1 tlicin at once to their p'ncep, thus saving a very cont-idvrable expense iu laying. The masonry is now in rapid progress, and will be completed early next summer, whoa the superstucture will be put on. Prior to this period tlio embankment will be brought up to tho masonry ut j vreniy-aix .>ine L'voek, ond a lew feet ol' trestle work adjoining tin* masonry of the permanent bridge over Twenty-Three Mile ("reek (built for the passage of a common road under- ' nenth) will he filled in. The lload between An- ' derson and l'endleton will tlien he finished, 1 presenting in ull its parts the j.-rmanencc, du- ' rability and olumicteristics of a " first class road"?such os tho Blue Ridge Hail Road is 1 designed to be from one end to the other. At l'endleton ft warehouse has been built of ' wood, 80 by <)0 feet, sufficiently luvgo for the , accommodation of the trade, and also to afford a commodious room for passengers. This station is supplied with a capacious water tank, rooted and painted. It is also proposed to build a temporary locomotive shed, the frame tot* which hu.s been raised. The station at Anderson is provided with a 1 water tank similar to that at Pendleton, and with a shed for the protection of coaches, f There has also been orected an engine-house with stalls for two locomotives. This building 1 is designed to answer the double pnrposo of , protecting spare engines from the weather, and 1 to servo us a cover tor loeoniotivoB undergoing J repairs. It is therefore of a more permanent character, and is moro substantial than the ' buildings ucuoininuiou ah edit. 1 have now to enumerate the sections, bridge 1 masonry and tunnels west of Pendleton here- J iviviv j ciwrruu 10 us ine important work* which 1 lniYo bcon prosecuted (luring the past yoajr. ( Those ia South Carolina commence with the 1 embankment in Seneca. Wot torn, lour miles ' froiu Pendleton, ami the masonry for tlio bridge ^ over Seneca River, lloth of these works will be completed in llie course of twelve monllis. The ntar.onry for the bridge over Cuno Creek 1 will bo completed in six months. A heavy ^ section of grading commencing at Trick's Meeting House, miles from Pendleton, will j be coniplotcd in eighteen months, and earlier if desired. The Saddle Tunripl. 571 n>!ln? fr^m i>?n.iin- 1 ton, (Gltifoetin length,) will be completed in n sixteen monthw. At tlio west end 121 feet of r heading liavo been driven, ami 09 feet exoavr.- ? ted to tlic full section, nnd the east end will be * coininenccd in a few days. The Middle Tnnnol; 28j| miles from Pendleton, is 880 feet in lonyth. Tlio liondidg 1ms r been driven entirely through, and it will be c completed in about four mouths. 1 A section of heavy gvuding about thrco- * quarters of a mile in lengtli, just west of thin 11 tUllliel, will be Coninloltwl in aixlfton nmnll.i c I The Slump Mouse Tunnel is 203 miles from 11 ! Pomilcton, nml 5,808 feci in length. The c I Messrs. Humbird & Hitchcock, contractors for " I thin important work, have fully sustained their a reputation for skill, energy a?u good manage- h ! niont. Kvery contrivance that ingenuity could devise has been put in requisition to lessen manual labor nml further the progress of the f' work. Sovcn stesm engines aro employed; lj three in raising material, three in ventilating 1 through the shaft, and one at the Western por- ' tal, which driven iu frosh air and frees the tunnel from the water that follr.WA tllO 1 made down tlio gri.de from tti'o western end. v The only impediment in the rcgnlnr and uni- * form progress of tlio work ha* boon caused by )< the inability of the contractor!! to keep at ull ? time* ii full force. Tho prcaertt contractor* I have don? all in thoir power to overcome thin * difliculty. Their contract dates in Pecen*b*i ? last; sinoo that period they have brought on V from tho North Pf?2 men: tho nnines of 007 men are now on their pay rolln. The papula- P tion of Tunnel Hill in ??? 1 9ft<> ?..!? tu- n 1 nu operations on inont of tho worki nt I ho North " having been mtupcndcd by tho pecuniary (lis- <' trenH which has latoly pervaded the country, it is believed that the QQntrncfors nill now bo w able to keep up n fulV supply of mon. unci that c in future the progress of tho work will be mora o tleady aud uniform. Supposing this to bo the f' * * . * aso, ami I nee 110 reason to doubt it, tlie pro- ol ;ress of the Inst three months may ho reganled tn ? an indication of what may be anticipated in t! uture?ami, ho considered, the Stunip llousc K unnel will he completed in twenty-three II uonths. But to provide for fluctuations and p< iccasional slackness of forco which nmy posxi- ai >ly occur by a general lCMimption of the ?us- 1) tended works, ami from tho disposition of the tl riuit ciiugriuiiH 1?>i viiom the I'orcc 011 this it ino is mainly composed) to roam among tlie <1 urioUB public works in progress, mul who arc C constantly arriving 11ml departing from tlie dif- n ercnt lines Ms interest or enprieo dictates a 'i hange, I would extend the period of complc- S ion to twenty-six or twenty-seven montiis. b At the date of the last Annual Report, we t< vere working from six points, tvo in shaft No. ft , two in shaft- No. 4, and one at each end of he Tunnel. The heading between .shaft. No. 1 t i ind the eastern portal was driven through in tl February. JSittec then the bottom lilts been t< ariiod past the shatt, so that it is now inop- oi native in facilitating the work, and only Mtb- o1 ewes ino purpose ot' a ventilator. (Shaft No. I ir !. however, was sunk lo grade nhont the same i 01 irne that the bench passed shaft No. 1. and de- c< itroyed its cllioiency, bo that wo had iinniedi- p itely two new points of attack presented to supply the two lost in shaft No. 1; and thus we p maintained our six working faces, viz: two in ti ibaft No. 2, two in shaft No. -J, and <ir.e at each el nd of the Tunnel. Shaft No. 3 is now sunk 11 vitJiin <17 feet of the point required for workng the heading drilt. This depth will he at- a (tiltedin the cour.e of live months, when the e: (xcavation will bo carried on from elpht faces, n There have been excavated to the full section that is bcncli and heuding)-l,8o6 feet, and 2,- tl !76 feet of heading, leaving !>,488 feot of head- tl iir and 1,007 feet of bench yet to be done, ti I'lie average wonthlj drive for the lust three uonthflhns been onehundred and fifty feot of leading drift, and one hundred and scveuty>nc feet of bench. The heading drive for Ocober was 170 feet, nnd this will j>robnb'.y be j ijcoeedcd in future. When tho liot??lit- rUul j , Vom No. 8, there will be on average > . My t Ll lrive of inoro than 200 feet. Count':.,- ::i- | 1) omentsoi ilie Tunnel ulone, it is more than 1 ! >nc-third done, Embracing the wlirvt'th, tLc ,, work ?s live-eighths done. In point of time, unbracing both Tunnel and shafts cxcavatcd, ather more than two-thirds have been done. ' The masonry for the bridge over Cliaugn I ?.rcek, 32 1-6 miles from l'endleton, will be g . onijdeled in twelve inontlis. The masonry for |j lie bridge over Chatuga River, which divides South Carolina from Georgia, and is :$'J miles ^ From Pendleton, w ill be completed in the course * )f two years. t nM.- 1. . i~ r\ - * .... inu nuiha in ueorgin commcnccn witn tiio Jj Dick's Creek Tunnel, -11 J milcB from I'cndlc- f ton. This Tunnel is 2,421 feet in length, rhcrc have been excavated 235 feet, to the full 1 'cction, and 20 fect of heading. The eontrnc- } lors lor this work are Messrs. llumliird & Ilitch- \ rock. It will be completed before the track j caches it. The War-Woman Tu nel,-1(5$ miles ^ from l'endleton, is 1,016 feet in length; -170 feet have been excavated to the. full section, and K T6 foot heading. It will be completed in about :\to years. The heavy embankment known as 1 he Whitmire Fill, near Clayton, ntul 40 miles from l'cndlcton, will requiro full two years for i. ic ,1... ..f ?l.~ 1 '' .... ....... 3 ...a ...v ...O. ... 111." 1JVUYJ (forks under contract in Georgia; there are in uldition several entail culverts in progress of c construction. v In South Carolina, three-fourths of the ], grading, one-third of tho Tunnel excavation, 0 hree-fouiths of the square drain masonry, ^ ind one-fourth of the bridge masonry, have 1 lecn done, ami one-fourth of the track laid, t] I'liero has al.?o been laid a track to llaync's n Quarry, 1A miles long. j, In rioofrri.. ,.f ll.o ov.v*. Bv.vmvvi.mo V* WIV B1 4k~ {] ling, onc-acventh of tlie Tunnel excavation, . .wo-thirds of the square drain masonry, and l' wo thirds of the bridge masonry, have been p lone. b The length of tho Ilond in South Carolina ? md Georgia is only 80 percent, of the entire ^ cngtli, and its coat will be 5:1 percent, of the . .vholo cost of tho lload. '* I laid before tho Board, in June last, a tabu- r ar statement, setting forth the amount of gra- p ling to be done on every sect ion, togother with e he quantity of masonry for each bridge, and he time required for the completion of each V mnlion l>n?l lil'tclnro It* llift work* tlipjoin 0ti 11 - I aerated, which, with tho works now in progress, comprise nil that remains to he chine, ireparntory to laying the track, ave put under :oniract in January next, the Road may he I; soniplctetl in a year anu n half to Walhulla, in hreo years to the Locust Stake, and in four 1' rears to Knoxvillo. * The ^liulinj; and bridge masonry between t'1 \noxville. and Maryville, a distance of sixteen u uiles. will he eiimnlpleil l>v llu> 1 *1 .lanmn-v villi thecxOcption of the grading of section# si I undo, and tho masonry for the bridges over v lie liolston and 1/lttlo Rivera, and lor the p iridge over Pistol Creek. These works arc all <, n progress, and will no doubt bu completed lt text your. The distance between Kuoxvillo 7 md Maryville is thirty per cent, of the length if the Road in Tennessee, and the cost of tho 0 ;mding mid masonry, as originally estimated, c fas tovty-ona per cciti. of the entire cost, according to tho original estimate, in that .State. . A' careful ami most minute estimate Iuih heen undo of the quantity irtiri coet of the parts 0 oniposing every description of wovk done and tl einnining to ho done in South Carolina nud ^ Jcorgisi, and in Tennessee between Knoxvillc y nu Mnryviiie, which Compose 04 percent, of lite oat of the entire Road, accortlinp ts tho origl- ' ml CHtiiaate. This reviled UKlinnito Jias been 01 ompnrcd with corresponding component parts Iji t the work embraced in the original cetimale, v nd the conipomon shown that tho Ko?l will he , wilt within the original cntimntcs. 1 The feasibility nud practicability of the work, A i,, i t -- in Ullllil UJUi Uiyvtm, HUTU licuil po IlllI^V HCl it Drill in former statements to the Company, hat I do not consider it nece*iory to lengthen hln Report by nny further discussion at this ni inio. pj 'Die project of "connoctinp Chavieston by (j( tail Road with Louisville and Cincinnati," dsich will bfc accomplished by the Rluo Rldgc HC luil Rond, appears from tho public nets, rew- tv utionu, suryoyn find rcportH In lofcronce to the h< ubject, to iinvc been, lor the Inst twciity-lhrec j fo. car?,an object of tho unceasing rrgard und j, arnosl solicitude of tiie Legislature And noonl* f this Stiifu. If tlio public acts unil pnst legi*- ,:i ?tlon of tlio State can bo relied upon as n truo inIcx of popular sentiment, it seeifm thnt flic cc ublio mind hns lung ago cant off nil dwhts. C1 nil settled down in tlio belief thnt iniprovo- Rl lonfa of such magnitude enn f>r<Spcviy bo unortaken by the State. U in thnfofom deemed iiporiltioun to insist in detail upon the many'eighty political, commercial nnrt local consid- . ration*, which ought to iiilluoiicc tlio pablir r.iiuiciiv oi wie omiio in Rivjrrp every p ."/irtirnnie ' v< iciliiy and granting fii?l to the accatnrklivbiAcA ?u ' this grent internal improvement. Those deils may ho found in part in the proceedings of ic grout conventions held in Cincinnati nnd in noxvillc, in the communications of the hito on. John C. Cullioun, in the speeches and rejrts of the late (!ov. lluyne, Col. lilnnding, Ki vapt iiidQk, c?t" (South Carolina; tlio late | r. Daniel Drake aiul (lov. Vance, of Ohio,anil 10 late General James Taylor, of Kentucky; i tlio writings of Judgo Hall, of Cincinnati, ic letters of l'rof. Edward 1). Mansfield, of incinnati j and in the speeches of Col. Meuilinger in the Legislature of tiouth Carolina, nd in his capacity of Commissioner from tlio tateof South Carolina, before the legislative odics of North Cnrolina, Tennessee and Kenicky?to all of which the Hoard are respcetiiUy referred. These gentlemen, not withstanding (lie many ival schemes which have been gotten up and ie powerful inducements to turn their regards > other projects, pevliups equally advantagetis (o some of them, have never abandoned the pinion advanced by tlicin, that '-(lie grand on highway from Cincinnati to Charleston is no of the most important enterprises which >nld engage the attention of the commercial ublic." After all the discussions to which this entevrisc has given birth, after tho surveys and csmates that have been made, mid the able and laboratc speecliet* and reports of tho great ym aliove named, and of other eminent eiti sns who have presented lite subject in nil ith xpects, it would he vuiu to attempt to diseovr in it anything attractive on account of its ovelty. Surely, then, (he subject is now mature for ic decision of the Legislature, and upon int decision depends what the State shall be ivcnty years hence. 1 am, gentlemen, very respectfully, Your obedient servant Wai.tih (?wynn, Chief Engineer T5. H. II. 11. Comnnnv. A IIukdukd Ykaus A(iO.?One hunivl years ago there was not a single white iv.i in Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and IInois Territories. Then, what is now the. tost flourishing i>arts of America, was as ttle known as the country around the lountains of tho Moon. It was not until 709, that tlie ' lluntor ofKcntuck," the allant and adventurous Uooue, left his IftlUA 1*1 \!r? I ( fA UrtrtA?*?A cttlcr in Kentucky. The first pioneer of )hio did not settle until twenty years after his time. A hundred years ago, Canada iclonged to France, and the whole populaion of the United States did not exceed a nillion and a half of people. A hundred 'ears ago, the great Frederick of Prussia, wik performing those exploits which have node him immortal in military annuls, aud nth his little monarchy was sustaining a nigie-nanueu contest with Kussiu, Austria nd France?the three great Powers of Ouropc combined. A hundred years ago, Napoleon was not iorn, and Washington was a young and nodcst Virginia Colonel, and the great | vents ir. tlio history of two worlds, in rhieh these great but dissimilar inon took jading parts, were thcu scarcely i'orcshadwcd. A hundred years ago, the United nates were me most loyal part ot tno JJriisli Empire, and on tho }>olitical horizon, 0 speck indicated the struggle which with1 a score of years thereafter, established lie greatest republic in the world. A hunrcd years ago, there were but four newsap<^.rs in America?steam engines had not ecn imagined, and railroads and telcraphs had not entered into the remotest onceptionsof man. When wc come to x>k back at it through the vista of histoy, we find that to tho century which has assed has been allotted more important vents in their bearing upon the happinews f the world, than almost any other which as elapsed nince the creation. [ I'ittsbuvg l'oit. A Negro Running for Representative x .Maine.?An election for Representative, > till the place of AVm. Chase, resigned, took lace in Portland, Me., on tho 18th inst. icai i/ow, me grcnt tcmpcrnnce nncl ncgro[juulity champion, and u colored man miied i'otcr 1 nincis, were tlie principal jiu pot: tors. There being hut an indifferent election of candidates, comparatively few utos were cast; hut the people generally referred tho white man to the Republican t'a danker shade, undVo "intemperance nd freedom" triumphed by a majority of 72 votes. Flow Nejil Dow could have eon :icntiou8)y lent himself to defeat so rnre an pjMirtiiiiit)' for I lie practical deration of the Dlorcil race, wn can't conjecture. | A )'Journal of Commerce, Tiik Sknatob who Won that 8180,00.?<?rent curiosity is mhnltW ted to know ic nitnie of the " distinguished Senator" lio, according to a recent statement of tho Washington correspondent of the Boston 'out, won $180,000 at " faro" In that city no night shortly hi fore the close of the ite session of Congress. We believe wo iviuiw iiv v*v?? iiviuiivvj ijn ) o tin vj.v^uuii^lj 111 i isclo.iing the fact that J Ion. James Aiereo, of Maryland, is thoSonatorial blaekg referred to. At a public dinner in the eonntry, a farter, while relating something to the coniiny about two ('hineso women, fa id : "I jcfnre they wore the ugliest women I havo en anywhere." There happened to be to maiden ladies prefscnt of lio ^cmfirkn\)le :aui^ ; the fnrmef, who wng a uiib?y. '^nn to think he hnd inado ft moss of it, ut thnf they would imagine he unsnllud* y; lo iliOiii; ko, to put mnttovs i;t?dght, i he thought, he added: "tho proKont mpany excepted." Hcavs of luugliicr ...wt? I'm,. A?. IDU^U) Uiiu til ? ivti III ill li I. VO MUtll 1UIIIIKI id ladicH had vanished. know I ' 'Am a perfect benr in my ftnncvs," .said ? young farm or to his fwcctuart. "No, indeed, you nro riot., John ; , L ?1 ..... v ' ill UNVU IIU\ 15r IQU jTCV. lOU arc I ore Hliocp than bear," The Mountain*. " E. K.," tho correspondent of tho Edge fiohl Advoiittr, in vesta our wintry looking ncigiinors wiin a pieasant summer areas.? Hear him: About foui miles to tho South of Cashier's Valley, there is a settlement, and suranter resort known as "Horso Covo." This is tho most sequestered nook I ever saw. From ono j)oint of observation, you look in vain for an outlet. Steep mountains and frowning precipices obstruct the view ir every direction. As I first rode into this vale of seclusion I noticed, in particular, tne large level field, in a fine state of cultivation, which was bounded on two sides by rocks, black and prccipii tous. that tower upward and still upward until they swell out mto the dimension of mountains. Indeed. " Horse Covo" is adeliglitful retreat?romantic, beautiful, and well suited to induce "heavenly, pcusivc contemptation." Two or our learned Judges ivrc accustomed to spend tlieir Summer vacation here, and it is a plcasnrfe to know that such a placo is so well appreciated. 1 must not neglcct to mention that a considerable portion of Cashier's Valley has Veen bought up and improved by Soutii Carolinians. One of these lu? proprietors, who is known to be a gentl man of taste, wealth, rrnnius and dnservorl ivmnlnritv hnu , - , *? i r v? "vv MOV'* x travelling, tins sensor., on the continent of Europe. lie wroto to his Agent, nt McKinney's Gap, the other day, that Switzerland and Italia wore pleasant countries, but that henceforth he intended to spend the Summer iu Cashier's Valley ; for, said he, as a plaeo of residence, it is more desirable than any part of the Old World. And thus it appears, Sir. Editor, that the Alps have a rival iu tho peaks of our own lilue Ridge. lint 1 am becoming tedious. If, however* fiiiv mm khniilti Hiirmnv flint 1 ?^ --? - ?n ; "*"v A "M,y Vrt,,fthv' aica in the least, jut. *icular, let nun go and see for himself. It is only 20 miles from tho Stump House Mountain to Cashier's Valley. nnil there is a now Turn-pike road, which connocts those two points; and the Kailroad will soon ho completed to tho Tunnel. Lot 1'iUrone and the " big Norrurd" look to their laurels. Our Changing Climate.?The following beautiful passage is by Washington Irving : " 11 ere let us say a word in favor of thoso vicissitudes ot our climate, which arc too often made the subject of exclusive repining. If they annoy us to-day, they givo us one of the most beautiful climates in tho world. They give us tho brilliant sunshine of the South of Europe, with the fresh verdure of the North. They float our summer sky with gorgeous tints of fleecy whiteness, and fiend down cooling showers to refresh <i,A .?i. ~...i i uiu piuuu^ vjui tu uiiu i\cuj) ii; |;ruun.?^ 0?r seasons arc full of sublimity and beauty. "Winter with us hath none of its proverbial gloom. It may have its howling winds and chilling frosts, and whirling snow storms j but it has also its long iutcrvalsof cloudless sun-shine, when the enow-clad earth gives redoubled brightnoss to the day, when at night the stars beam with inteusest lustre, or the moon floods the whole landscape with her most limpid radianco. And tlio joyous outbreak of our spring, bursting a?t once into leaf ami blossom, redundant with vegetation, and vociferous with life; and the splendor of summer?its morning voluptuousness and evening glory?it# airy places of sunlit clouds piled up in a deep azure sky , and its glints of tempests of almost tropical grandeur; \rhen the forked ?- i? " ii-hiihii? uiiu i?jiiowiiij5 wiunuer-voiioy from the battlements of heaven shake the sultry atmosphere; and the .sublime melancholy of our autumn, magnificent in its decay, withering down the pomp of a woodland country, yet reflecting back from its yellow forests the golden serenity of the sky. Truly wc may say that in our climate, i( The heavens declare the glory of CJod, and the firmament showcth his handiwork. Day unto day uttercth speech and night unto night showcth knowledge." now tjui^k the Chinese are Civilized.?To sec the effects of one's surroundings, saj's the Philadelphia Gazette, look at the representative of the central flowery land, who pells cigars on the sidewalk, near tho custom house. The name of this exotic is Mr. Hung Whang. Mr. Hang Whan$r lias boon in the cigar trade and the model Republic about four weeks. Hcmado bin debut with unmentionables nearest bis skin, and his shirt outside?the latest style current in Hong Kong. A week afterwards he laid aside Chinese trowsers and took to Market street pnnte. TUc next week he left off his blue frock, and eamo out in a drew; coat?the tail etarched bo stiff that you might ute it for a boot-jack. Tiro next chauge was to purchase a Warburtou hat, and convert his former one into a portable money-drawer. Wc yesterday found him entirely transmogrified into on anti-Celestial?his ChTnpse boots traded off for bro gains, and his pip-tail braided up hchitui his carsliVo a bird's no?t. Yesterday evening \vc hcarp him indulging in profanity. If all this dou't go tq show tl?c acWani?gt.H of civilization, then what docs? A Pottawatomie chieftain, in giving evidence before the United State# Circuit Oonvt at 'OhieagiV, made the following honest ndmiw,ion : Quoth Alexander, "1 wm in mono w.yn much obont tho. rrnrri?um j kept within n few miles ; ?1 wnys went to the sutler's when I won thirsty." "Wofo yow often thirsty ?" "Hadu't much money in those times/' "W ere yon thirsty whenev 1 1 - ?" * "** cr you inui money. rr " Wm very mwoh thirsty always when I Tin J money. Some Knpitl ?>nya that " if * fee wpw charged to tiec the huu *i?o, nim>tcnth$ of the world would be ap in the uioining."