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' ~ : - ?~ r.? -J- ' . L - - - 1 - ilW'?-L? "TO Til INF. OWN BKI.F BF. TllUJi, AM) IX MUST 4'OJ.LOW, AS TI1K NKHA' THK DAY, TIIOB OAN'ST NOT TIIHN HE FAT.8K TO ANY MAN." BY IIOBT. A. THOMPSON. PICK ENS COl'llT HOUSE, S. C. SATUKMV, MARCH 20, 185$, VOL. IX.- NO. 35. ... J., . i >i ii,i .n ? . r. i|. ;ji ._'!< <? ' ".< . -in... >vf i M|i LJ. 1 I ' "*" [POMTBOAL. SPEECH OF HON. J. H. HAMMOND OP SOUTH CAItOMNA. In the Senate of the United States bk> Thursday, Mutch 4, 185$, tho hill for tin admission of Knnans'into thfi fjnioii being jipder consideration, Mr. Hammond nd dfesse<T the Senate, an follows : ^Ir, President?In the debate which oe currcd here in- the early part of the IubI inotitli, 1 understood the .^onator from Itff (Mr. DougTns) to soy that, tho question of the reception of tho LeOomptOfl constitution With narrowed down to h single point. That point, wart, whether that constitution embodied the will of the people of Kansas, Am t corrcct f Mr. l>ouglas. The Senator in correct, with this qualification : I could waive the irrep-lllaritV mill n<rmn -.it ^ ..? ' .' %f ?? ?-? w tu wuu IV^'CL'IIUII U1 Kansas into tho^lTfiron under tho Leooniptbh "const,itution, provided I WAS. Hatisfted that it was the hot and <l(46cl of llfiit, pftbploj n'nd embodied thoir will. Thrtre aro other objections j liut the others I could over(ffiftfc,' if this point were disposed pf. s. Mr. Hammond. I s'o understood the Jf Senator. I understood tiuit if he could ho satisfied that this constitution embodied thi Will of thO pOople of Kansas, all other defect# and irregularities would bo cured bv tho jict of Congress, mid that ho himself AVoUld be wilfhl* tin nortmt >?> ' ? ? 0 - - ? V UUVU Iiu UVV LU be toiiftstfd. i < ' Now, sir, the'only fjuehtlon with him is, how is that will to bo ascertained V and upon that point, awl that alone, it ifl probable S\c shall differ. 1 think: the Henator fell into a fundamental error in his nyiovt disheriting from the report of the majority of the territorial committeo, in saylnjr that tlfe convention which framed this eotiWIthtion Wits a creature of the Territorial Iiettii-hituretmd from that error has probably aristfri all liitf suhsequeji terrors oli this subjects HowVhn it be possible that the'convention should be tlio creature of ti Territorial Legislature? The convention wari an lifisembly of the people in their hfgliost sovPV^firlt kx !??. . i-* i ? ** v,v.rt.y v?|>iivu'y, uuuuv ui TiCTfpnxi tnciv highest po&tbfd not of liuVOTclgtflyl The Y Territoriu' Lej^Wilturfc in u mere pvovimOHal government; n potty corporation, appointed nnd pdid by the Cotigre.?H of the Urtited States', without u piivfcielo of ttivevirtgi* power; mid yet, fdmll that interfere with ti K<>vorci?iity-T-ineliouto, but still a sovereignty ? Why, Btrj Congress oannofc in tor fore ; Gon?;rosH cannot ( ontbr oti the Torritorhil licginluturo the power to intcrtoro. ('oftgrt'HS is uot sovereign. (Jongr^a hns sovereign ^powers,- but ho save'reianiy. (Vin jinjss nas no powcv to acfc outside of. tho limit:Uions of - tho'(k>tn<Utution&> no right to ourry iqto t*fFcnt- tin; supi'omo will ofrfflPy poopjo if it has tint boon yxpt\}*8od iri their constitutions; and, thoroforo, Congress is not .sovereign. Nov doe* (?ongroj? hold tho sovereignty of- Kansfas. T he'sovereignty of Kansas i*ofiidus, if it rt&idos nnywhoro, with tho sovereign .States of this Union. They have conferred upon Cougrcss, among other powers, tho authority of administering thoir BOVefreignty to thoir (satisfaction. Thoy have given 0<>ng.tes# tho power to nmko needful rules aud regulations regarding tho Territory; and they have given Congress power to ndiftit a Htotc. Under these two >ovc roigir poWBW; O<>ngross may first establish n provisional territorial ^Vo^fHwjt'nici'ow 'fot municipal purposesand when' rt State grown into soverofgnty, wlujn that sovereignty which has beofl kept in ohoy.in >e denihtkltrecognition, when a community is formed there, ft social Conipa^cfkritCti, a POVcrclgiity horn asit weVe Wrtoh tho soil, tlion Congress is gifted With tile power fo acknowledge that sovereignty; and the Legislature, ptily by nicro t)Mage, oftentimes neglected, oflSibts ut the birth of it by passing a precedent resolution tiasoiubuflj* a convention. r mx ^j." .jf???; ">;'"* :1 Hut, sir, when tliat Convention a embl< to form o Coustitutioi), it fl^inbljjs in tiio .. highest ktyjwn capacity of a popple, hud has no superior m thin Oovpfiin?ont but.a ptflto Bovcroijrnty j ov rather tho State spvcriij^uticsi of all the States ntone can do anything '-with tho not of tfyat. Coi)vontiou. Thon, If iha't Convention whs' lawful, if tho.ro in ho "objection to the ('(invention itself, thoro flSjn bo i)o' objeotiou to tho action of tho Co'hy/JhtiQ?\> .thoro, Is n? powot <>n bavth ?f\i\t ha>4 a right to inquftb .whether' the w,v,<?T\/iiyivu lltV Will UI p?(?iPCO4 I>le of Kan* or not, I <!?> not doubt (hat there wight be ?otno CftfleB of such (jims and palpihfa frauds cQij^initf'e.d in tl\e romitlon of u ijorivcrituin, '68 might. autjjflpie mi grotto'investigate them, fcut'j, can aOnjrcely coricfliya of tito^ ;" pnd I do. riot'think' tliut TV>iigrc.?.?i !m? any other power, when a State '"knocks',at tho dooi*for admission, hut U? inmiiro if h'er Conjfr^<? is ropuhliQap. If what I huvo ?aid ho correct, (hen the will of the people of Kansas is to ho' found in tho rietfon of Fier coristitntidnrvl conyont-ion, nnd it is not wife to look for it abv wlievc oj?a. < It jh immaterial whether it in I \ha will of annyoviiy of thepoopip tf.Kau-* j 'jjp How or uofc.f -,Tho crtnventioa yaa, or ulight *o hftyo been, elected by iv.ffiojonty ojf $hc jjooplo of Knnsan. -A.convention, fileqted m April, rofiv well fraifio a.eon^itution, tliofc jvyiUd Hot' bo ngmjb^ Ja a majority the p^to of 4 now Btajfco, rapidly filliu^ up, in Mm smcooediiig Jiiminry; una if m, i/cgialrtturw ^ro to % allowed to put ton tho act i.'.t - ' im. . i'i U . i. ? ,^>u*t?t down by ft fuWW^tffct influx of eiuit | pran?^ther? it uo J&uulihy. tf wr# to m > \ n Hi send back the LepomptOrt Constitution, and another wn? to be framed, in the slow way in which wc do public business here, before it would Vorteh Congress, in Another year, j perhaps the majority would be turned the , [ other way. S5rf whenever you go outside of tlio vog-1 ' ular forms'of law and constitutions to seek for the will of the people, you are wander- j ing in a wilderness?a wilderness of thorns. tf this wrts a minority constitution, I do not! *1.-1 >?? .. . - imiuit Liuii uniii, wuuiu uc an objection to it. Constitutions arp made for tiiitiotiticfl. Perhaps minorities ought to have tho right to make? eonstitutiouB, for they are administcrcd by majorities. The Constitution of ! this Union was made by a minority, and as Into fts 1840, a minority had it in their hutitls, and could have altered or abolished it ; for, in 1840, six out of the twenty-six 'P Stntes* of tho Union held the numerical majority. | The Senator from Illinois has, upon his view of tho Leeonipfon Constitution and the present situation of affairs in Kansas, ! raised theory of popular sovorei^nty. The : j Senator from Now York (Mr. Steward) yey- \ terufty made himself fnoctious about it, and i culled it "squatter sovereignty." There fa ' a popular sovereignty which its the b;isis of i our Olovermnent, and f am unwilling that 1 the Senator fchottld hove the benefit qf uni- I . tinp; S'OUfttter sovereignty with popular sov- * ereignfy. Sir, in all countries and in all time, it is well understood thnt the nutner- < ieal majority of the people, if they choose, ' exorcise the sovereignty of the country; | hut for want of intelligence, and for want ' of loader, they have never yet been able 1 successfully to combine and form a ptfpnlur i . government. They have often attempted ft. but it has always turned out, instead of I a popular sovereignty, a populous sovereign ; ty ; and demagogues, placing themselves ?' upon the movement, have invariably led them intd military despotism. I t think that the popular sovereignty 1 I which the Senator from Illinois would do- ?' i Vivo from the nets of his Territorial Jiegis- i I I lnture, and from the information received ! t tfojtt partisans and pavtit-nn presses, would ! t loa?l us directly info populous BOvoroigiitv, j 1 . and nt)t popnhir sovereignty: The first'or- ' ganiflation of popular sovereignty on a prop- < or b'aslsi took place in this country. The c first gun of the Revolution was a salute to s a now Organization of popular sovereignty f that was embodied in the Declaration of I Ind'epondenuc, deVelbpod, elaborated, and I inaugurated forever in the Constitution of > the United States ; and the true pillars of c it were representation and the ballot-box? <. i the legal and constitutional ballot-box or- t I dairied by the people. In tho division of | j p-.iWer, in distributing tho sovereign powers t | unions M10 various departinonts of the (lov- f i eminent, the peoplerekiihcd for themselves f tlits nirtgle power of the ballot-box; and n > great power lb wan. Thrortgh that power 1 they W(1ro able to control all the depart- I menta of the Oiovernmnnt. 11 SvaR not for 1 [ the people to be exorcising poHtio?d power t j in detail j. it was not for them to be annoyI ivl tvitl* IkA /iftM.i.i ~ ?-1- - ' * vu tv ivn tuc uuifi v? j;vvfriiiin.Mifr;. out, iron) I 11 time to time, 'throttgh tho balloW)t>x, to ex- t 'oft their j>ovV6r to eontrul the wliol<5 organ- u i^itlon jf-rSovereignty remained with \ thcim Thin is popular sovereignty, the c " 'popiHrir sovereignty of a legal, constitution- 1 al ballot-box ; and when spoken through t th:i( b^x, the Yoico of the people, for all^po- t litioiil purposes,is the voice of God; but t When it i.=4 outside of thnt, it is the voice of t a demon, the doctrine of the roijrti of terror, t 1'ermit be to say, that in paRsingl omit- s fed to answer a~ question that the Senator f from Illinois hus, I believe, repeatedly aak- fl ed ; apd that i.s, whut wero the lecral now rr? of tVd'^drfitoVial Tje^islntur?'al'tor tlie f foHhAtiou ri*><!'adoption of tile Leeomptoti Jp Constitution ? That had nothing to do s with the Territorial Leginlature. They i moved in totally different spheres. The t< Territorial Legislature was it provisional J government, almost without power, oppoiht- ii ed and paid by this Government. IheJie- ^ Ooniptoii Constitution wap tho aot of a peo- t pie, and the sovereign act of a people.-^- t They moved in different spheres and ot) dif- t ferent' planes, dnd could not come in con - V tact at all without usurpation on tho oiio a part or the other. It wt\S not competent tor the fiecOiUpton Constitution to ii vthtj TurfitoVrhil goverriinent nnd op ? j" government in place of it, beeaiftd that Oori- -J1 ^Ihition, tiritil aciknc\t,!odg<?'l'Hy Opiifrrtsft, ii was nothing;' it wrnls not in being. It <| Crt aid Veil oiVler'the people to pans xipon it; t] it could do whatever was necessrtiy to per- f l i'. . i i!i;;l < .,! . <titution, hut nothing beyond that, Until IhnatojgH' had agreed to ucde.flt v ft. fn th<uhiahfci?uo the tomtoilal j|OfcVu'^ovewftiont ad intrrjin; tfas'ohti- ? tltfd to cserfieo all the Sway ovdr the Ter- A ritOt'V thftt it o.vp.v Irtfl Wto?i A. vl . . w , v--'P?W- M?vi* VMVIVIWI , *'* Tl?q tfrhir of ni^umln^ n? tlvoSdnhlor did, f< that tho cotivcittion wa# tho creatiirficrf tho ?* territorial govcvnmmUy'hun led him into tho $ difficulty acid don*ti?ion of unltittg and din- fcl Uniting thrwo two. qovcrtiiiieftts according b M it hrdy flulHI^ Therei is no w governmen*i!ythe convention until After .v pWio adoption by "CorugteHff of i taoonit ittjtiouj " ' and 1ftor6 In tott'hn^rfcrcnce -At nflfc fcfrno ? iiii: ni-i '.fill - '* nitii I?I?V xorruonw^ I/Cffisutiuro, ttHhWft '? no tttftunl poivov in tho Te>rrUori:?t Legion- t? tnwi etfon to -Mil ft obnvehtlonr Iwit what i.v *1 derived from uft*ge ami pmmiwtioiT, and by ,$;! uft cnoblin^ot Aoat&lniwt from Coi^verw,- it If the Seriate* from lftinota, whom I re- j< J^nrd as thA'Aja^'oIrtmpr* *>f thitf debute, '9 i-doOf) not prvfi'A tho fjuoJ*iK?rv of frauds, I hIuUI <? [*? **#, ft&bvft U^ty? " whole Uwturjf of &ao#u?U?<Hd(gutftoujj[ Q r V ' '. . *yw ft ? 1 . ' one, from tho beginning to the cud. I have avoided reading it as much as 1 could.? Had I been a Senator before, 1 should luivo felt it my duty, perhaps, to liaye done bo; but, not expecting to bo one, lam ignorant, fortunately, in a urca't measure of detail, and I was glad linear the acknowledgment of the Senator from Illinois, since it excuses me from tho duty of examining it. J hear, on thoothorRideof the Chamber, a great deal said of giganliuuml stupendous frauds; and the Senator from New York, yesterday, in portraying the character of his party arid the opposfto-ono, laid the whi?lt> nf fV'iiiWj ..i ~- v..vmv VilV/ piVDIUVUry party. To listen to liiyi, you would have aupposed that the regiments of emigrants recruited 111 tho purlieus of the great cities of the North, and sent out, armed and equipped with Sharpe's rifles,: and bowio knives and re vol vert, to doiimier for freedom in Kansas, stood hv, meek saints, innocent as doves, and frumlilo as lambs brought up to I fie 'sacrifice. Think of them; General liaue'i) lnmbsj! They remind one of Col. Kirk's lambs, to whom they have a family IWiimihlnrirtn f ...... ?!.-? ----- i |i i v on nil; tuui? more were frauds, and tliat it' there were frauds, they wore equally greutou all sides; and that way investigation into them on this floor, or by a commission, wduld end in nothingbut iuflietingalmost unendurable disgrace on the United States. Hut, sir, the true object of the discussion 3n the other side of the Chamber, is to ogitatc the question of slavery. 1 have Very heat-doubts whether tho leaders on the uther side of tin* Chamber really wish to defeat, this bill. 1 think tlrey would consider it a vastly greater victory to crush olit the Dwiiftftrnlii' iViflw ! > *! " J J - i. .|m,..j in my iivi m, ?nu m.'sir(ij' :he leaders of tho Kansas-Nebraska bill; lbi] T inn not, .sure thattheyhuvo not brought ibout this imbroglio for the very purpo.se. flow strango is it that thoy tell us that, fear after K'car} the majority in Kansas is Jdaten at the {tolls ? They have always bad i Majority, but they always get beaten ! How eoufd that be? It does se6m, from he most reliable sources of information, hat they have a majority, jmd have had a nftjo'rit'y for Bbltie time. Why has not this Majority come forward and taken possession if the govei innent, nnd made a free ?Stnto institution and brought it Here ? We hoiild all linvo voted for its admission dieerfullv. There ean he hnt nnr? wwom. if they had brought, as was generally supposed at. the time the Kansas-Nebraska not vas passed, would be the "case, a free State (ohslituttbn litfrfc, there would have been no lifpcultv among the Northern Democrats-; hey would have been sustained by their >eople. The statement niade by some of | hem, as I understood, thrtt that act waa a ;ood free State act, would have been vcriied, and the Northern Democratic party voiild have boon sustained ; hut its coining icro a slave State, it is said, will kill that i taVtv, and tliat is the reason tliev have re- i I .* . " a* " i.iijiuu mini jmtKlUg 11 il IVCC jStatfl When hey Tuid the power. i Thoy intend to make it a frqc State as soon is thoy have effected that purpose of des- ) rpying llie Pomocratio parly at the North, " nd their truo reason here, is to agitato sla- i cry. Foroiip, t am not disposed to dis- : uss (hot question here in any abstract form. I think the ti,me has fiope by for that.-? )ur minds nro all made up. 1 am willing ( o discuss it?-and that is the way it should < e and must be discussed?as a practical i lung, as a thing that is, and is to be, and 1 o discuss U? cft'ect.^ upon our political in- \ titutions, and to ascertain how long those < olitical, institutions will hold together un- i [qr iti elicits. j The Scuator from ^cw York entered vory nirly into tho field yesterday. I was sur- 1 ...loA.i ,i..; -i... -i. * v . . IMMIIUVI 11:1 y, W11UI1 no SO opcmy I aid tl).c buttlo had been fought and won. < Although I knew, and havclybg known it . > bo true, i whs surprised to hear him say I o.' ! thought that lie had heen entbipjicd : nto a hasty expression hy the Senator from ' Jew Hampshire j and I am glad to see < hut yesterday ho has eomc out and shown f hut it is a matured project of his'; that I hcao words moau q11 thut I thought they t J cant; they mean that the S'outh is i conquered province, And the North iu- ] ijndslQ ride iti Mo.naid that It was their \ i>terition to tiikn nhvfii*niAi>nKli,Ai?'.t? -- .-I---- ?' list and anfaithfu) it iu J list and fnithfut handa j thni it yraH their 1 atention to couscorato oil tlift T?i'Vitovictf of ? no tfnion to free"labor; ami that, to.effect 1 licir purpurea, tliev intondeU'to reconstruct; bg S.yjmwid-'.Court. i .Y^steriJav, the Senator aaijj, "Suppose \ if a(laiii jLpt&fl wftfi tfic Jiocomptou coi.j- I t-itution; what guarnnl^cH are thqre that r 'bucreaa will not nprnin irbrfflM WiM? !"> * -fc jtr.J - fl ; ^ VIXKJ I ' flair* of Kony.iH f ' moaning, .1 supposo, t iat if alio abolished slavery, what gunran- \ :<j tlvno was 111; I < Cy\grc,-}? woulq not force t uppu Tier*again. .Sir, so for oh wuofthfe t puth ^re. qoucov?C{L yqii have, i\t lonut, i ic guamiiV-'c of gppd faith that^novcf has c con vjoliitqd. ilut what guorjinloo Iiavo i, o,*whon you liuvo thin Gbvoriiraeut in .v our poJ>Jttfwiouf in allita departments, o 1*011 i Vwe to vrhat tho Bessior '? shorts us to submit to?tho concentration 1 Maveryin it# present territory, and oven \ > tho fe-oonstruction offhe Suproma CotHi v -that you will not plumter w with tarrifo; 0 )nt you will nqfbnnlmt^t us with internal p iipr^voiiionttj and tiountie* on fish; that y .m x?im uwi, icviniun UH .wiin wnngAtttyh j( ,ya, and ofRfr latvs impeding the fncif fries "ft ^ tr5in?portuttQfi to {Southern pwtliico?-^ J > hftt guiirontoe Kave\fd VWi 'wtK hot F ,.t . ilpnhooa of this country nt tho North, where p already, for tho want of direct trade and a o proper system of banking in the South, they t' are ruinously concentrated '( Nay, sir, what a guarantee have wo that you will not email- jj oipate our slaves, or, at Icyst, make the at- a tempt? We cannot rely on your faith wliou a you have the power. It has always been p broken whenever pledged. a Now, sir, as I am disposed to sec this ? question settled as soon as possible, and am t perfectly willing to have a tiiml and enncln. ? sive settlement now, instantly, and after t what the Senator from Now York has aairl, I. think it not unimportant that I should ? ittempt to bring the North and Houth face c to face, and see what resources ofroh of us $ might have in the contingency of separate c 6rganizati0ns. If we never acquire another a foot of territory for the South, look at her. ;t Might hundred und fifty thousand square t miles; as largo as Great Britain, Frauee, ? Austria, Prussia and Spain. Is not that ii territory enough to make an empire that (J shall rule the world. With the finest soil, ? the most delightful climate, whose produc* |i tions none of those great countries can pro- fi duoe, wc have three thousand miies of con- a tincntal shore line, and so indented with t bays and crowdcd with islands, that, when t xl.4' 1 * ' * x/iiuir snore lines are added, we have twelve a thousand miles of shore line. Through e the heart of our country runs the great 1 Mississippi, the father of waters, into vaose 0 bosom are poured thirty six thousand miles a of tributary streams; and beyond, we have u the desert prairie wastes, to protect us in v our rear. Can you hem in such a territory t< as that? You talk of putting up a wall ol t lire around eight hundred and fifty thou- h sand square miles so situated ! IIow ah- t surd. u Hut, sir, in this territory lies the great ji vallcv of the Mi.?ai??i?ini muo 1 . ft, Mv/n unv lUill, UI1U 500h to bo tbc acknowledged, seat of the empire of tbc world. Tlio sway of tint 11 valley will bo as great as ev6r the Nile M know in the earlier ages of mankind. We ,y own the most of that volley. The most u valuable part of it belongs to us; nod, til- () though those who havo settled above us tl are now opposed to us, another generation ? will tell a different tale. They arc ours }' by all the laws of natnro; slave labor will go over every foot of this great valley where ^ it will bo found prolltable to use it, and p those who do not use it are soon to bo uni- u ttivusa Kxt ~ ' nubii HVO in Will UIUKU \IS one L> ?nd inseparable. The iron liur.se will soon ?' be chattering over the suuny plains of the ^ South to hour the products of its upper trib- ? utarics to our Atlantic ports, as it now elat- ? tors over the ice-bound North. There is t| the grout Mississippi?a bond of union made ci by nature's law. She will forever vindicate b her right to the Union. On this fine tor-, ritory we have a population four times as P large as that with which these Colonies sep- y arated from tho mother country, and a hun- | drcd, I miirhtsava thnu?:iiul f.iM uu T7 % y Y -v.?,?wyv.VUft. ti Our population is now sixty per cent, great- n cr tlmn that of the whole United States gi when we entered into tho second war of independence. It in twico as large as tho "1 whole population of tho United States was a Len years after tho conclusion of that war, j,, mid our exports arc three times as great as 0| those of the whole United States then.? w Upon our muster-rolls we have a million t< of men. In a defensivo war, upon an '' emergency, every one of thorn would be available. At any time, the South can ^ raise, equip, and maintain In tho field, a |1( larger army than any power of the earth c Ban send against her, and an army of sold- si iers?men brought up ou horseback, with gunp in their hands. 8] If wo take tlie North, even when the two l" largo States of Kaosus cinrl Minnesota shall " be admitted, hor torritory will be one lmn- t(. ilred thousand square miles short of ours. to. [ do not speak of (Julifornia and Oregon ; ot <hoce is no antagonism betwoeu the South ?f ind thoso countries, and never will ho.? w ri>ii population of the North is fifty per "J 3ent. greator than ours. I have nothing to gj wy in disparagement either of the Boil of nj ;he North or the people of tho North, who \\ ?re a brave, intelligent, eijergetie raeo, full ev )f intellect, but they producp no great sta- w do that the South does not produce j but ,fl iVC pvpduee twq or three, and 'ihbsc are the ,rery greatest, that Abe can never producp. cVs to her men, however high they may be, ^ hey have'never proved th6m?eivc8 to be R superior to thefte of the South eithm- in tho loiri or in itio Honato. J ' But, sir, tbo strength ofa nation d?p&D(is n a groat measure uj>on its wealth, and the ^ rcalth of a natjua> like that of a niau, in to jt >o estimated by it.s surpluspjoduefcipn. Vou ,,f nay ?o to your trashy census hooks, all of w< vhioh is perfect norlRenso^iand they will- m ell you that in the State of Tennessee the "r vhole nmnJ)'of of house servants is not oq?M o dnc-hrtlf thos6 ill ti\y own house, and slieh ^ hihgs n? tluvt. Y6\\ way ascertain vrbat is Wl Dado throughout the country front tbeijc bi )CU?UB books, but iblK nn mnft.or h^ur ir>n?l> I o?. ^ it id ul! .ciin^umcil. If tnw) J? to t'orth lullltpus of dollfir.sand consumes I*i? 1,1 ncowo, is l)(! l iuli i' Irt lio opir.pctont to iiibnrk ,|n iinv no\y enterprise ? Caihc Hu inifa shlpH or' railronds? And cti'aftfn fj]f teeple in that Condition build ships and oh onds and gr? to w.^r ? All tho enterprises ya f poaeo nrtd war depend upon the fjurplus k?<s inductions of a people. Tliey may bo hap- ar. lV . fliA? K/? Art^\Av?4r.lvl.v -V--? ^ jyy~mf ?ly uuiuiurt >M>U| "JS? of ry ttiouiiHotvca i[t bntvng hat tl> o.y Mfto ; t ?t thdy ftr6* Wojt tikh,' thfy nfe not stro'rtft. f,r t 800111!% % to the rewMii of the jo; 'temitoy Crf tW 'IVeafmfyv nro au- cO iioutio, (It? taft year the uutitaj f?uie^ <mi- Cd ' * ? r ? *. % ^vj ? ^ iorted in round numbers 579,000,000 woi'tl f domestic produce, excluding gold ant oroijrn merchandize re-exported. Of thii mount 6108,000,000 worth is the elcu iroducc of the South ; articles that are no nd cuuuot be made at tho North, lion ro also ?80,000,000 worth of cxportn o nuuuvw 01 tno lorest, animal provisionnd bread.stuffs. If we assume that tl.? South nindi>. but one-third of those, and 1 h'tnk that is a low calculation, our expert! re 9185,000.00Q, leaving to the North Jes; han 805,000,000. Iu addition to this, we send to the Nortl 30,000,000 worth of cotton, which is no' ountod in the exports. We send to he 58,000,000 worth of tobacco, whieh is no lountcd in the exports. We send nava tores, lumber, rieo and many other uiino rticles. There is no doubt that wo sent o the North 840,000,000 in addition ; bn uppose the amount to be 835,000,000, am t will <?ive us a surplus production of 8220, >00,000. The recorded exports of th< ^Outh now are irre.iter than fclm wVi.->1? lorts of tlic United States in any, year be jre 1850. They are greater than the whoh vera go export* of the United States tbi ho last twelves years including tho two ox raordinary years of 185G and 1857. The; rc nearly double the amount of theavcragt Xport4 of the twelve preceding years. I am right in my Calculations us to 8220, lOO.OUU of surplus produce, there is no nation on tho face of the earth, with air Dimerous population, that can compel* nth us in produce per capita. It amount; i Sl().6G per head, supposing that we ha,v< ivelye million people. England, with all er accumulated wealth, with her concern rated and intellcctuaHzed energy, makes -i ii.-- " 1 aiAiuuu uuiiars oi surplus production or head. I linve uot mod a a calculation as to the lorth. with her $95,000,000 surplus; hut, dmitling that she export* a* much as we do, ritli her eighteen md lions of population it ould he but little over twelve dollars a head t tho outside. She cannot export to us and broad exceeding, ten dollars a head against ur sixteen dollars. I know well enough iat the North sends to tho youth a vast alotint of tho productions of her industry. 1 ike it for granted that fhe, at least, pays us i that way for the thirty or forty million .,1i?,.u i. -r ?* - '? .....in ui uiu.mi Him inner articles we ;nd her. I am willing to admit that she ays ua Considerably more; but to bring her p to our amount of nurplus production, t<> l ing hor up to $220,000,001) or surplus pronotion, the South must take from lier Sl2o.00,000 ; and, this, in addition to our phar'c f the consumption of tho $330,000,000 worth itroduced into the country from abroad and aid for in part by our own export?". The ling is absurd : it is impossible ; it can iiovp appear anywhere but on a census statistic nok. With an export of $220,000,000 under the resent tariff, the .South organizedPeiiarutely n ..Iv.v.i ? IA S\f\r\ f v. nv'ui .pjtu,vnn;.uuu 01 revenue.? 'ith one-fourthtl?o present tnriiVslio would fivb n revenue adequate to nil her wants, for le South would nover go to wnr ; she would over need nn army or a navy, beyond a low iirmone on the frontiers ajid a tew revenue jtters. It is colnmcrce that breeds war. It manufactures that reouire to be hawked bout over the world, anu give rise to navies id commorco. But wo havo nothing to do ut to tako oft' restrictions on foreign mermndise and open our ports, and the whoie orld will come to us to trade. Thoy will bfc ?> glad to bring and carry for us, and we over shall dream of a war. Why, air, the outh lias never yet had a.just cause of war. very time she has so'zod her sword it has sen on the noint of honor nml ilmi ..f [>nor has beon mainly loyalty to hor sister olonics uiul sister States, who lmvo over ncc plundqretj and calumniated her. Rut if there wore no other reason why we lould never have a war, would any sane hai>n make war on cotton ? Without filing a in, without drawing a sword, when tliey ako war on us wo cun bring tho whole world our feet. Tho South is perfectly compontto go on, one, two, or tqi^ years, withit planting a seed of cotton. I believe that she was to p'.pnt but half her cotton, it ould be an immense advantage to her. I [ii not sure hut that after three years' cessaon she wotild come out strongor than over re was before, and bettor prepared to enter Yesh upon her great nireor or enterprise.? rhat would lmppon if no cotton watftu I for tlircp years ? I will not ?top to depict hatj/cvory one can imagine, but this i? cerin: Old England woujd topple headlong id carry thd whole civilized world with hor. o, sir, you :larc not make war on cotton.? ti jir-wer on curia dares to make war upoti Cotton is King. .Until lately tho Bank of ngland was king, but she trioil to pat her rowflj as iifnal, tho fall before lust, upon the vttdn crop, und was uttoHy van.f|tii$h<*d.-r ho last power has beon conquos'cd. Who in doubt that it has looked at reeonlevents? rhen tha abitMo of credit had destroyed crorlnnd annihilated conlidenoe, when thousands 1 tho strongest commercial houses in the orld w'ere coming down, and hundreds of illions of dollars of supposed property ovapating in the air, whon you came te-a (lead ok, and revolutions wero threatened, what ?.~l- V luryou, u was e ftoimncucoinent Of tho obVtoi\ ?e?\son. nnd o have floured rti upon you one rutllion sis tndrod thousand biilcflofcfittor>.just altho 6ri j,to phvo you from winking. That.eotton.bul r tho l?vn atinp of your wpouulutivo bubbles in o North, which produr^l tho whf)lo of thjn in ulffiou, would huvo brought uh fciQPjOUtV 0- Wo huvo sold it for $*V>,C>00,006( nnd ved yon. Thfrty-flvo nit (lion aolMtri y, c, the ivehdhibra of the South, have put into the u?lty box of your inngnificcut f.v??>C'cr3, hi uuswii.u>iuh, your mercnnnt prineos, Kir. Ui? gi-^atest atrongth oV t-he. South i.sob frdni tlio hjiwnony of tier political intutions. This harmony g'vo* nor a framo ftpcioty tl\o best i?x tho' world, an oxo,t of poljii^l frcodom, combintnl with en0 eeeurlty, Muqb fts no other poopleevQV c)j\rod upori'thofaco of the onrth. Society prcR3 government; crcate* H, arid ought to utrol it; hul as u? aa wo cau look buck iu ?^ ^ i ' . ?r??rr \ historic times, we find tho cnse diff-iront; for j government in no ??K>n<y oreatod tU?u it becomes too strong fur sooiety, und chapes and moulds, as well as controls it. In later con* 1 turips Hie progress or civilisation ami of intel' ( Hg(mc?V hit.s made the divergency ho gij>at as ^ | to produce civil wars and revolutions ; ami it f , is u (thing now but the want of harmony bc. twecn g ivprnmehts and societies which ocea. sions all thi) uneasiness and trouble and ter >' ror 'that wo oce abroad. It wuh this thut. brought op tlip Auiciiuun Revolution. Wo * threw ofl'u government not adapted to ovir ?o* eial sy.itom, ami made one for ourselves.? Tlio question in. how huvo wc succcoled?? i The.S 'uth, so far uh that is. concerned, is satl i*lied, content, happy, harmonious, and proar porous. ^ t.? all social systems thetft must be r class ] tw do the mean duties, to perform the drudr sjory of life. That is, a class requiring but a j low or dor of intolloet, and but little h k ill.? Its requisites aro vigor, docility, fidelity.? f Jjucli a class you must have or you would not 1 i ,.i i i.. Iliiu; lllliu ^IU>9 UdlUII 1UUUO IVUMV incut and civilisation. It constitutes the very nuul-*ills ojf society undof political government ; and you might a* well attempt to build a house in the air, as to build either one or tlio other, cxcopt on the mud-sills. Fortunate.y for the South, she found ft raco adapted to that purpose to her hand. A race inferior to herself, but eminently qualified in temper, in vigor, in docility, in capacity to stand the elininto. to answer all her purposes, f We use tliem for the purpose, and call them slaves. Wo are old-fashioned at the South vet; it is a word discarded now by cars polite: but I will not characterize that class at f the North with that term ; but yon have it; J it is tliorc ; it is everywhere : it is eternal. ) 1 he oenator from New York stuu yosteruii > ! hat tho wholo world had abolished slaver; I Ay, the name, hut not the thing: und all tli . powers ol' tho earth uannot abolish it. God only can do it when he repeals the fiat, "tins ' poor vo always have with you fur the man 1 who liven bv daily labor, and scarcely live*, at that, and who has to put out his labor in the markot and take the bout ho can get for it; in short, your whole class of manual laborers ainl operatives, as you call them, urn slavb*. Tho difference hbtWoon us is, than our slaves aro hired for lift* and well compeni sated; there is no starvation,no begging, no wont ol employment among our people, and not too much employment either. Youraaro hi rod by flu* day, not caved fov, and scantily compensated, which may bo proved in tho most deplorable manner, at any hour, in any street in any of your large towns. Why, air, you meet moro beggars in 0110 day. in any single stre t ol' the city of New York, than yyu would mcot in a lifetime in tho i whole South. Our slaves arc bluek, of another, inferior race. The statu.* in which wo have placed them is an elevation. They i arc elevated from the condition in which Liod lirot created them, by being mado our slaveNone of that race on tho whole face of tho globe can bo compared with tho slaves of tho K ..ill. >1 1 1* t Itnu IIIV.-Y Minn IV. H1U.Y content, unaspiring. a fid utterly incapablo, fn.tn intellectual degradation ovor.togivo ua any trouble by their aMpiratimfl.' Your slaves are white, of your own race ; you are brothers of one blood. They ar? i yoUV equals in natural endowment of intolloc , and tl cy feel galled by thojrdog a latiou. Oik slavos do not vote. We give tlicui uo political power. Yours do vote, and biiag tho majority, they arc the depositories of all your political power. If they knew the tremendous secret, that tluj ballot- <ox is stronger than an armv with bayonets, and could comhinn \cKni-A ??/... b/. 0 V ? 1 ?llv,v numu iuu uv i iuur Nut'irry \vtJl?ld bo reconstructed. youv government reconstructed, your property divided, not a they have mistakenly attempted to initiate anon nroccpdingft by mooting in parks with miiis id their hands, but by tlie quiet procesn of the bill lot-box.' Yovi have boon making *ar upon us to our very hearth-stones. IIow would you like for us to send lecturers or agitators North, t*teach these people this, to aid and assist in combining, and to lead them ? *f- "tir *t i ^ - - mi, >v iison una otnors. send them along. Mr. Hammond. You say send tlysin North. There is no need of that. Thoy are corning liero. Thoy uro thundering at our doore for homesteads of one hundred and sixty aerea of land for nothing, and Southern Senators aro supporting it. Nay* thoy avo iu-sombliog, as 1 have said, with amis in their hand*, and demanding vtovk at $1,000 a voar and eix hours a day. Have. you heard thqt the ^host, of Mondoza is stalking in the streets of your big cities: that the inquisition is at hand ? ThciQ is afloat a fearful rumor tliattliuro haVo been consultations for vigilawio I'onimjtteeA. i - on Know wnoi tnnt means already. Tran; sie^t and toinporary causes have thus far been von r prosorvation. The great West baa J boon 6p(H\ to your surplus population, and your liordos of rfOmi-hnrbni inn emigrants, who arc crowding in your by year. They inako a groat mm^iYent, and you call 5t progress.? Whither? It is progress; but it is progress towards} vigilance committees. The South i have sustained you in a great moaauic. You are our factor*. You brij?" and carry for us. One hundred and fifty million dollars of our money nassofj annually through your hands. Much of it sticks ; all of it assies to keep your in- c' , JVImiu IU HHII.H U. OUppOSO I nc were to dieciiftrgc you; suppose we wero to trtlco Our business out of -vmir hand* ; we should oonsign you to vmitrofiy tin<1 poverty. You oomptain of tho rulo of \he South; that haft boon another cauho tbufc bus preserved you. Wo havo kept tho Government conservative to tho greut purpoy.cn ol' Iho Government. Wo have placed her and,kept hoi* Upon the Confttitutiou, and that has heor? tho cause of your poaeo aud prosperity. Tho Senator from New York soys that tha|. is ahout to bo ut an end:,that )*on intend to take the Government Iron >lH I that it will ptvm from our hand#. Perhaps what he ?ay? io nut1; u liiiy mu J !iUl (!0 HOt lOT^Ot jt---it, o?n hovcp.Iio forj<utU?n; it ia written on tlio bvlgUtost p?>*o of hunmn, history?that vvc, tlio nlavo'ioldpr* of the 8oyth, took our country in hor Ihftnicv, and i\flor rnlmg h6P for aixtyout of the seventy j'rtr* of her e.\M?no\ I wo rml alu-rander har to you Without n Mum upon bcv Uwov, l^>nnU)c??? in prosperity, inj cHtniilnhlo in hor liiroottth, tho wonder mul odin?rrtt*?on ot tfio world. Time will show I What yon will maka of herf Hut no timo c(in ?j 6r\Uaiiuifh ouV ^lorj- otjrottr fo^nsibilittf. v*" . * +.