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* * ?,7 v v-'.V ?.' ? * ' ,> I - . . .*-1 ' ? . . . ** ,!.-?# Ij V/ 1. ' V V # , / - ?% ' TO THINE OWN SBI.fi UK Tit UK, AND IT MUST FOI.LOW, AS TIIK NIGHT TIIK DAY, THOU CANST NOT TflRN HE fiALSK TO ANY MAN." BY llOK'T. A. THOMPSON. PICKENS COURT HOUSE, S. C. SATURDAY, SEl'TEMHEll 5, 1857. VOL. IX. NO. 8, 'VoBV&V. FOK TIIK KKOWKK RUUIUtiR. A Parody ON KOrt.VU A. rOK's R.WK.1. Onoe upon a midnight dreary, while I pondevoii weak and weary Over many a quaint and curious trick of mirtl imd childlike glee; Whilo 1 nodded noavly napping,"suddenly I heftn n tapping. As of soft wings gently flapping, flapping, buz King like a bee. "'Tin some Visitor that's tapping," said I, as turuod to see? 'l'hovo a boy looked straight at mo Ah, distinctly T can see hlin, and his how am arrows with linn, An<l each ghiuoo ho oast, Around him, fell lik< punshinc o'cv the Ion: Kugerly L wished the morrow ; fur my heiirt \vn struck with sorrow, And I couhl not even borrow?borrow not oi Any plea? One sweet moment from his glances, for hcstil would look at me-'? Ana it stung mo like a hoc ! And his lips of red nil smiling, and his silkci oil 11,. " "B" J"'tt ThiiHotl me?tilled mc, with fantastic love?ant logs of liberty! So Unit now I still am thinking, and .sad clr enmstanees linking That have come from lliia boy'a pranking, wit I my precious liberty ? That bave come from Ill's entreating, cntranco 01 liia silly plea-t'l'his it iwtlmt troubles me ! After this, my soul grow braver, arnl gooJ,Bcne< began to waver: "Chora," Baiil I, "please forgive me, lor so lonj in?ab'ntiiior limit. 0 ?T ?-0 1 But. the fact is I've been dreaming, till younj Cupid ciune In sc; earning, And so brightly Cftiuo lie beaming tlmf lie dims e(l my cyctf to seeChora, dearest girl, I lovo you'; will yon no bwcet girl love mo?" Then tlio girl nuiJ, *' no, sir-ee." I)ocp into s'nd i'nto repining, looked I with m; re<l eyes whining, Thundering forth sighs that none hau dared,bu siok loves devotee; But my winnings Were unbroken, and of corns there was no token. And tlio only word there spoken, was that. fate< " no, pir^co" This I whispered nnd an qclio murmured back? r> sad " no, sir-ee." Merely nought, but 'no. siv-ec!" Back I turned to books and learning, thus t< euro my soul of burning, ))u( ffj. [mig my liciU't diet tlill'. r, ROmcflilnj^ liai dor than before. "Smfcly," uaiil T, " this Cupid wovking nt m; heart ho stupid ; Let nie look within my liver, and this mystoi'j explore? I.ct my henvt bo stilt a moment, till I look will) in it3 core?"lis young Cupid with his lovo." Opening sliirt nml v6st like piper, when, will many n wink nnd eiiper, Tn me jumpoil yonng Cupid naughty?as ho hat been there before, Not the least obeisance made lie?not a niinut stopped or sttfid he, But with countenance of wiz-ard, perohed upoi my heart so sore? Torched upon my broken gizzar l.'juijt above tin place lie tore-? I'crehed and clawed and nothing more Tlion fhl? nftllfflifv hnv hnmiilinr# c?.l " v o%"""e> "v into smiling, By the wickcdnossnttd liumorof tho count?nnnc< lie w6ro, Thougli thy form is always nakod," though said, "art sure sound pnUul," Trotty, smart, nnd wicked Cupid, wiindorinj from bright Hymen's shore: Tell ui'fl what my next girl s tuimo is?who tin next one I'm to lovo," Quoth youiig Cupid, " ninny more!' Thus agnin in melancholy Wns I launched hj love and folly, And I worshipped with knoo bonded, to nr swoot young KulaleeAs I bowed with pulses hushing, oontcmpliitinj bounty blushing? From my heart bright lovo nil gushing, askc her if'she would navo me? Ah ! a heart with bright lovo gushing, for ni^ sweet young Kulnlco Quoth Miss Hula, "no, sir-co." I'.ut her shade now sitting lonely in my rocking chair, speaks only This 0110 word-, as if hoi* soul In this onq wort she would outpour. Nothing farther-tlion she utters, nor a silkoi flounoo slio flutters?Till I senrooly inoiv> than mutter, "other oIkvuii: hiwo flown hnforo On tho morrow shw will leave mo as my lovo hn: changed hoforo." TJion tho girl aaid, ^'noTOVthorQ." Startled at the stillness broken, hy ropltVo sad ly spoken; c "Doubtless," said'l, "whnt slidutters she lin: thus been taught to wliino, i>y oiu mum . witn form uncou?oly,.nn<l u fnc< uncommon Jionic-lv?r ' p Who had trtod nnrt filled most Hiirtly, to' cntcl one at air ' mankind, Till the wnilings of hor song anaunicil thftt mol ancholy whine, \ < : Of wry, nary time ! Jlr~vejc Siikkp, a.tl i '-'.u l'L ^MMOM?OAVt?W^ _ for the k bow hi (ol'klkk. Th? SeceMtyy and Constitutionality 0] tho Maine Idqrior law. 4 .,, Mr. Krlilpr* In defining your position vo? nootinc tHe ouontinn nfc Ihhiio liolwnnh ?<> on'1 " Veritas," yow ronihik: "While <vo arc ni sf icsnpcrnttcft, tto ohn ftoo no nocos Hlty-fo# ii <^K)iytVo ln^, aa hfM boon 6n acted by Maine an<l othejT Northern Statin As to lt? ftoriatitiUlonftlity, wo do not foo *ompfcti)*if to ^IVo an opinirtn for the prophi ? grtMunco <if "tlnvs. it is a flifBcuU quo^tum i and none but tho l>e?t logal innnja oan.futh f . N<?w, ?ir, your pofutinn according U? qui cohcopuon Is about thta, y^u cajHwfe sec lh? n.cCoMity ofu coercive lnw, ami therefore yoc V ? regard it unconstitutional ; for uiKpicstiona- 1 bly in this case, tho necoiwity for, ami Con- 11 stitutionality ot, q ooeroive law areinsepara- ^ bly eonneetod. Ilcnco wo would remark with , duo rospcct for your opinion that wo do not a ' think tho Constitutionality of a coorcive law A , is as difficult of solution as you imagine. 1 ... , , > It is fpute obviftus to our mind that as our [ ' Constitution and laws are based upon the I principles of justice, as all lawu should bo? ' that any and all laws are (Constitutional which ' 1 stand upon this basis ; cbhserpicntly, if any | man or class of men aro engaged in auy pur- 1 suit which conflicts with tho principles of jus. | ' tico, it is certain that coercion is indispensa- ! j bly nooessary, and it follows as a mailer of oouvso, that it Is Constitutional. llonco wc * conclude tliat the only question to bo solved j t > ascertain whether a coercive law is necessary or unnecessary?Constitutional or un1 eonstitutionnl-is to examine and sOcwhether or not the liquor traffic ns conducted in tlie State of South Carolina conflicts with, or violates 1 the principles of justice : whether or not this 1 traffic injures the general interest of the people of the State ; whether or not the pursuit - or occupation in which those persons are eni gaged who carry on this traffic endangers the peoples'safety, welfare and happiness. Now, * sir, it scarcoly requires more than a hare assertion to substantiate all this in the affirmative. It is self evident to the most casual ob- | s ..r . fi-,1 v.-i UI wuiuiun mu:iiijjomx,nuil i:v?r_v 1111111 r in the State of South Cnvolii ft is injured, eith3 cr dirrotly or indirectly, to it greater or less r extent, by the liquor traffic, ami that in n pocuniary point of view. Consequently, it . would only lie a work of supererogation for ua to prove what has been proved, times alt most innumerahle, and what is so apparent that it proves itself. But we lieaVa ^'reat deal said about n man's rights, liis personal rights, his natural rights, 1 * &C. What are wo to understand from all this. Doc it imply that a man has an unlimited right to do whatever seemeth good in his own DH'?, This would be true so far ns justice hetweon man and man is concerned were j there but one man in the State, but in a state of society?in a civil CJovernincnt?it is different, consequently ho has no right to (lo What will iiyurp others. Therefore, we conelude that, this cun only mean that a man has 1 a personal right to do whatever he pleases, < d provided it does not injure any one elso ; for, ' were he allowed to pursue a course or follow 1 * an occupation which would injure his neighbor's person or property, so far an the stvikk* in? on tlie cheek or the taking of one cent, then would it follow by the Snmo rule that ho had a right to take his life or all his property wove it of the value of tens of thousands of dollars. J3rit happily this is not the e.lmraeter of our Ooverninenh It is based upon the principles \ of iustico. Our ('onstihition nnrl ln?'H nro i'f> stvietivo and nrohibitoj-y in thciv nature.? 1 1 The design ot these laws is to protect tl\o ' just by rostrain'nig tho unjust; For woro all i 5 men jiujt, and could not l>o influenced to act i unjustly, thoro would bo no need of either * ConstUulion 6r laws?every mau would be a | law unto himself. I 0 llut the absurd cry of the liquor dealer and , ( his vlctinmod coadjutors is, our fathers fought , for and gained "freo trade nndxnilors right*." ( .. Very well. This id a most glorious doctrine, the very palladium of our Republican instia tntious. But this in quite a novel interpretation of the. doctrine of free trade indeed, [ that A, 15 and 0 can have or la'her purchaso ( tho ri?:ht to ntalce war upon cvorv interest of ; thd rost of tho alphabet uprtn both llioir persons and property?a rij*ht to sow the seeds u of widowhood mill orphanage ; of vice and indolencft ; of and pauperism ; of sorrow i and pain ; of sicknfiSH ana death, together with every other evil known to mankind. Is ( * this what yon call free trade! It is what j/vi L, call free trade with n perfect vongance?free tyranny, if von please. No, sirs. This in frQe trade to bo, Qiir forefathers waded thro* 1 j the blood of a so\ on your? war and gained tlio i privilege of enacting laws to i>rqtout thomf selves against, just such injustico as this? against justauon tyrannical claims as you set ' up. JJut, bv-tho-by, 'is ardent spirits an artielo s * of Free Tvhdo in tlio true souse of the phrase. If1 it is our legislature has never regarded it ( as fittoh?she lias novor classed it under the , head of artiulo of Free Trado. Has there over beon a tiino during our cxistftnco as a State j 4 Lltiit thero linn noti hneu TtMliiutioiio {hi sonic extent upon tho salo of this article. Hay not i , our legislature, time oftortimc, fromtho ear- j iiosl existence of thri State until the present , day, Jiocn in tho habit of passing prohibitory liquor laws. Have not our sago legislators ! - been tn the constant habit of exorcising, tho r^uau^unvu VI uuiiuiim.MU'1111^ It VOI VUill mini>o? of poisons by their paying a ccrtuiu stip- ' uluted Hum as a kind of indemnification a5 grtiuat tho evils whicji thoy foroyaw would rc.Riilt froirt tho business. Crtll yon this free , ' trado ? If this be Froo trade; why buy tho * right toselh' Free Tradb, indood ! * J)oG? not ' this demonstrate most clearly and uuequivoftnliy tho Constitutionality of a ooo?civo low? t Muni ogrininly it doos. Docs it not prove that | j thMocislaturo of South, Carolina has always , looked upon tHft traffic in ardent apirits a* do* * ijig violOriotv to tho prineiplos of justice?aq 1 ' inflicting an mju*v upon the State? Unques- f tionably it doo*. For niftrk you, if tho legis- * f lnturo has tho. righfi to tako ono cont out. of t 4hp huudrpd by tho spino principle she has ? , tho right to tako tho other uinoty-nhio. If \ . ?lid has tho right to tfostrict tho distHlcT in the sale of his whiskey to " soiling nothihg ? loss than a quart,V, then by tho ?aino prinoi- i - nlo (die has tho ricriic to iiMliihit him from i . ^ollmg any atal). Jf?ho lias tiio right of oxafitjng flflf dollara off of the retailor of uvdotit ' ' HpiHtn, thftn l>y the wimojitlnoji^loa Rhij has t ' tno riff lit) to take all lie may mnkaby.lhotraf- f r And cotjHomifi&rty, If* aho haft tne rich* ? to pinim the traffiu by 'Wm lirohrto faw,? by ( ' <Utf#httcqltnrt law* ot by "tho thVftogallons . * law," then, it follows an oWrty as (ha light follows tho fain, that rtho hrn? tut iiorfoct rightc 1 f tv taka ftvra/ its lify by baninhing it from tho ' : tjtattt. 1 ( BuF Say, Mr. *onor, that ''wo^ liavo I ? /i % ?f. . s r + tore in South Cajplina Stringent liquor laws ilrendy," and seem to adduce this fact as a >roof against the necessity of a coercivo law. I'liif, sir, is a strange mode of reasoning, inleed. Vk'hy, sir, this is to our mind </<mon'tnttion itself, that nothing short of ft law vhifth shall ho strong enough in its nature to ilenr the hoard, will over cure the evil. As veil might the farmer ottempt to destroy a arge and luxuriant growth of weeds in his icld by hacking off their tops with ft ease tnifo as for tho legislature to attempt to desroy tho evils of intemperance by their " li:oii8Q lftw," or by their " one quart law," or >V their "three gallon law," or hy all combined. The farmer to destroy the weeds must thick them up by tho roots. The legislature :o destroy intemperance must pluok it up by :ho roots; to destroy tho evil of drunkenness, they must eradicate the root?to save the lrOnknrd, they mast destroy tho drunkard's Irink. The observation and experience of imiiunos nave uenionsiraicu tins iucc ns clearly ami unequivocally as any problem in math rniatirs can be demonstrated. But again you intimato that "examplo does not follow precept.'* Granted. And who arc : ho inconsistent?surely not the legal coer;ioiiists; for they are about all that aro will- I ng to make example correspond with precept. ; rhey would fain havo it so that it would be iupossible for example to conflict with precept, but you "cannot see the necessity" for ;lus. Why then find fault of the inconsisten;y of example's not following precept when you cannot see the necessity tor it, or what im.llinlo tr> tl... .. i.. f.?.. *" '/""hi ?"u "vi'o.t'J .... i cocroivo law, which is the only practicable mode under heaven of making example follow prceept. For most certainly as lung as the"legislature continues to legalize this truf He to any extent men will continue to drink, . ind as long as thoy continue to drink there kvill bo some who will, by the unchangeable, inflexible and inevitable laws of their nature, become drunkards, and who will wish after [ho habit has become confirmed, that they were freed from the fetters of a per verted appetite,and who will from time to time resolve to burst them asundbr by pledging themselves to drink no more Ofthe enchanting poison.? lint, alas; here conies up the irresistible tomp tation localized and commissioned by legislative authority- Now eomos the tug of war with the roformcd drunkard. Ho is tormented and goaded by a pervortod craving and irresistible appetite. It cannot withstand the irtorifSrous enticemuut. 'J'lie man staggers, reels and fall* before the alluring temptation, lie partakes of the enchanting poison. AH lii,s resolves become annihilated. JIo is reinrollcd upon the list of the " Dkunkex Posse," and those State commissioned officers fuke command of him and marshal him uniler "Tin: Poo Skin U ak.nkr," not\> Ithstnuding ho has boon guilty of violating precept by oxample. In regard to your remarks rosnnctine can iidutes, treating to obtain votes we would remark that they aro good, so fur as they go. Hut why should wo depend upon public opinioncorrecting an evil when we have a sure mil Constitutional remedy at hand to prevent thom from treating with whiskey to. obtain k'ote", by placing it beyond their reach, bet us apply this remedy and then wo will have > sober constituency, a sober intelligent pure *nd honest legislature. May God speed the happy diy (which is us certain to come as truth and right are certain to triumph over error and wrong) when Dur legislature shall pass a coercive law which shall banish all alcoholic beverages from iuir State, and may all the people respond with a loud and emphatic?Amen! VtXDEX. Indian Nkws.?Tlic Florida PtninmUir states that 15 Indians wore captured by Capt. Jacob K. Miekler, on the 17th ult., near Lake Okeechobee, l?ut one warrior was seen ; lie was pursued by three men, :mcl probably, would have been captured, but for the accidental discharge of a gun, slightly wouuding one of the pursuers.? Fearing an attack and the loss of his captives, Capt. M. speedily left the grouiuK He afterwards returned, with live men, and burned the huts, and, ns he supposed, the effects of tho Indians. A squaw captured by Capt. Spnrkman, :>n the 19th ult., two days Al'tor stickler's sapturo, made, in substanco, the following fiateiuonts : 8he was one of the party attacked by Unpt. Mickler, of .which Fuscwah was [.'liicf; tlio party comprised 17 warrior# md a largo number of women and chifdron. Pho w.^iov,s n4d no ammunition. When ittaekecl they secretcd themselves in the Unifw, and witnessed tho capture of thoir ivivea and children without u charge of powder or ball to use 111 their defence.? When tho camp was fired the warriors ean.o from-(heir hiding places, and rescued from he flames all their cfFcctu. Bowlegs had plenty of warriors with him, ?nd was well supplied with ammunition; \c wa# ou the South sido of Lake OkccchoWttiv i > ,.1 ? unu di vi uiiuiiui'u v ajiuun iijiMtaiUdii :hnt tlio Squaws were tired of the war; ilvat they woro kept moving from ph.ee to ilaco, Pud hud, in cQTiHcquonuc* bceomo ii.'^atiafied, and would willingly thentio.lvoh undor the protection of the whites. )f the warrior*, she said they were determined to coutiuue hostilities. Sho had icvor hoard ono of them ox press a desire ;o surrender. An uld toper, after indulging quite froej :,r, !iis ftceU8tc:r.sd be vor/t??,r?;nused him lolf In loading a mettlesome Jw>rse. Tlio mirnal not fancying Jm fam|liaritief>, sad leniy ronre<?? and itiB uif?e?pie of iiacchus ound himself sprawling in an adjacent imul juddhj. 0?vthoHng biuisejf up as composidly as In* siltfatfon Would allot*, ho shotted to,Id* son who was standing by j "Jqlyii lid you so* ma kick that 'or? hosh?" "Why, io (ftid; the hpss kicked yoii 1" <f Ucck<>n lot, Jolin. Ooo ,-)r irahe.r on u* got badly v ftm't Jnh)X,/",- vm hrrr.| * * * ' From the Carolina Times. Progress of the Blue Ridgo Railroad. PirivKN^ District, Aug. 5th, 1857. To (ho Eilitor of the Times : A recall visit to several points on the Blue Itidgt Rail road enables inc to furnish from a relia j ble source the information jou ucsircd upor the mogress of this work. The track laying is advancing from An derson as fast as the gradual completion ol the unfinished sections permit*. In Do oember, it will reach Pendleton, when buildinor materials have alreadvbotin order ol'for tiic depot. Tho. tvack puperstructuN is of (lie character used 011 iirst class road ?with a T rail of 68 pounds to the yard 10 pound chair, erossties 8 inches wide am 'J feet fronw. centre to centre; and witl switches and frogs of improved patterns. Beyond Pendleton the graduation sus ponded last winter, has been generally re suincd. A considerable force is p.ngftjj*ei updn tho bridge masonarv?which at scv oral points has progressed well toward; cuinpletion; and at the Seneca, 28 mil< Creek, and Warvoiuan bridges (among tin I heavier structure of the line"') is rather it advance of the graduation. The tunnel work suffered no interruptioi during the. suspense of the 'company's at fairs; and continues to progress stoadil; and vigorously. Five tunnels arc undo contract, the Saddle, Middle, and Stump house, in South Carolin-, and the .Dick' Creek and Warwoman tunnel* in Georgia Of these the Stumphouse is the largest, am controls in time the completion of the ron<l As it is ulso the point to which the piiblii eye is more particularly directed, a detailed description may nut be uninteresting ti your readers. The work, as you arc probably aware tunnels that spur of the North Carolini Blue Ridgo, which turning to the South ward, divides the waters of the Seneca am Chattooga rivers. And the railroad wa thus located to avoid the great increase o i distance encountered iii turnimr the ii<hr, 0 n further to the Southward. From the Son oca river, eighteen miles westward, tlv base of tlic ridge' rhses with a gentle am remarkably uniforip acclivity; hut the nex .six miles are more abrupt and require ii their ascent a grade of 60 feet per mile and work of correspondingly heavy churac t?*? The Saddle tunnel, f>00 feot in length and the Middle, 400 feet, occur on thi section of the road ; and are made necessa ry in passing two spurs of the main ridge lioth of these tunnels will probably be fin ished by the close of the coining year. The centre line of the Stump House tun nel is straight, and is 58(52 feet in lengtl ?ascending wostwardly with the grade.? It is the longest tnnnol under constrnrtioi in America. One longer has been project ed through the Hoosao Mountain in Maa sachusctts, but with very slight prospect o ever beiug executed. Next in length t< the Stump House is one of 5500 feet 01 the Dayton Air-line near Cincinnati; ant on the live leading railroads, crossing tin Blue Ridge and Alleghany Mountain, ii North Carolina, Virginia and Pcnnsylvani) there are several tunnels ranging betweci 3000 nml 5000 feet In length. Hut while it is thus the leading work o its class in the country, the magnitude o the Stump House tunnel should not thro\ doubt upon the enterprise. Tunnels o greater dimensions have been executed ii Europe, and upon works of much less im portaneo to their locality than the Bhv Ridge Railroad is to South Carolina. Ii England and Ireland according to a recen official report, there are over 50 miles o tunneling in 805-1 miles of railway. Om of these tunnels, the celebrated " Ho. Tunnel" on the ("treat Western Railway i 9081 feet in length and U5 feet in width and it is stated that a tunnel 8 miles 0( feet in length has been completed on th? lluddersfield branch of the Manchester an< heeds Railway. In France there is a tun nel nc;ir Marseilles, over 3 miles in length In Piedmont, a tunnel of 10 miles throng] the Alps has been promoted, ,ind according to late accounts, actually commenced b\ tho Sardinian Government. And it mu; interest some who have questioned thi practicability of tho Stump House tunnel to learn that a tunnel 6000 feet in length (liJH fqot longer thap the Stump i louse,) yva executed by tho Humans to drain the AI ban lake?through the hardest lava rock and of course without gunpowder. Thei plan of construction was essentially that o modern; tifty shafts were used to forwarc tho excavation. Tho site of tho Stumphouso tunnel ii unusually favorablo for the prosecution o the work. Tho bridge at the high oat poim is but 260 feet above tho road bed and per mits the excavation of four shafts from the ground Hurfueo to tho tunnel?from which together with the. portals, the- tunnel iuai bo worked front ton points or breasts; iint it is now, with two shafts finished, workci from six breasts. This advantage' will b? tatter appreciated in stating that afc the Bluo Ridgo tunnel of Virginia, (1,600 feel loss in length than tho Stump-houso,) m shaft coulu be used, and tho entire tunne was DQcessarily driven from tho two ends. Approached from li)o eastward the por tal of tho Stump-house, is seen several mile! off, apparently near the summit of th< ridgo. Tfie distant view lYoju this poini ranges ovor ft largo oircun ot tno lowoi oouutry, embracing nearly tho whole o I'ickena District nyil portions ot Qroenyilh nnd Andorfioiv?and in nnothrr tlir<;vtio? tho Mountains of North Carolina wul (Joor sJbLr' ^ A * ? gia. The nearer view at the portal is rather more peculiar than picturesque; and presents' in strong contrast that struggle I between nature and art which so strikingly > marks the progress of our mountain roads. . It is not long since the little cove at the , hoad of which the portal stands, was nota- i bio for its seclusion and wilducss ; and the . effect was heightened by a cascade of 100 f feet fall which passed the waters of the . ridge down to Cane Creek. 13ut the syl-; van features of the place are now fast re- ' . ceding before the wants of the work. The i p slopes of the eovo, arc studded with railroad H shanties. Cloarings and garden patches arc crowding back theoak nndlaurcl growth. | The hills, rock and earth, have been so , changed by the cuts and embankments of ?!<>> r-il I I'iI'ii] Mm nlil pnnf undtnti fn lin i*n I . gone ; and completing this strange blending i . of what was and what must bo, the little ' ] Issaquena Fall has been turned to drive a . powder mill ! * At the eastern portal, visitors have a . view of the modus operandi, in tunnel u woi;k. The tools are simply the drill, strix king hammer and sledge. I loles arc drilled, loaded and fired, and foot by foot, night , and day, the work advances slowly but steadily to its consummation. The full v tunnel section (](> feet in width, and 20 j. feet in height to the crown of the arch,) . has been carried in 420 feet, and at the s present rate of progress, the party working ff/ktti fli<? \t* ill m/tnf 4Iia i\ii i<( it Ill VPI' ( i V'lll l/IIU J>"l lx?l Hill 1<IIU | 111 I I j worljiug eastward from tlio shaft sometime I in December next. . j- Under shaft No. 1, (102 feet deep, and \ j finished,) the tunnel work is being driven , westwavi as well a;j eastward. Shall No. 2 has been sunk 140 feet, and SO feet remain to the tunnel roof. The iV rock in this shaft (a quartzose gneiss) has . been thus far the hardest upon the work. ] Shaft No. 55 has been sunk 88 feet, and s 125 feet remain to be excavated. f Shaft No. 4, 181) feet in depth, is finQ i.-ihed and the tunnel below is commenced. A* ?i.~ i c ._i.: i. ii. 1 _ | lin* uiotati pi/tun, lium wiiiuii uiu B line parses out in ChatLcega ?reck, 172 foet j have been driven iu. A turnpike has been ( located from this point of the railroad to 1 Cashier's Valley, North Carolina, under a charter grunted last winter to Col. Win. . Sloan and others. The distance is but 21 miles and over favorable ground. It will H be commenced probably during the coming _ year, and the completion of the railroad will place this delightful summer retreat . within a few hours ride of the lower sections of the State. Cashier's and Fairfield . Valley, and the enclosing mountains, the . White-side and Chimney-top, are in full _ view from the Stump-house. , The machinery of the tunnel consists of _ three hoisting ami two blowing engines.? . Shaft No. 1 has been worked by horse powf cr; but. this will be discontinued during -> the winter, the excavated material then , passing through the East End. At shafts j 1 2 and 4, horizontal engiues of 12 horse 2 power hoist the material; and ventilation , is provided by two iron blowers or fans t turned by small oscillating engines supplied j by an independent connection from the builci attached to ttie largci cuuiuc. Tli? ,f vent illation is ms disconnected frdip the f regular shaft operations, and a constant and v powerful current of frc.:h air descend0, aim f drives out the smoke and tovil air. At shaf' j No. ii, an engine of 25 horse-power is usci . for two distinct services, hoisting and pi'.m~ I liinf. Th#? r?nmr? is wm-kfvl rliropflv t'rnni i; | I o I i # 1 the mam shaft, which by a " sleeve and i t j and clutch" conncction also turns tho hoistf ing gearing. At tho present depth, one 2 pipo and piston rod arc required; but at v the full depth feet to tho tunnel lKVur, s | two pipes (or in fact two pumps) will be . ! used with a reservoir at half depth. The 5 pipes have on interior section of 8 inches c diameter; and with a 5 foot stroke will sup1 ply {'. working capacity much beyond the . present or prospective wants of tho work. Tho machinery of this shaft was shipped , from Philadelphia in January last, but in , eonscquencc of accidents to tho vessel, did ? not reach tho tunnel until late spring. Tho i y engine (and all tho machinery of tho con- ! Q tract) is of superior (pmtity, and has been worked from the outset without nccidcut. ' In this connection, it may bo stated, that s bnt one life ban been lost 011 the work un. dor the now contractor?-caused by the dropping of a hanunor into shaft No. 't at r oight, and under circunistancOH not likely f to recur. j There are at present engage1 upon the tunnel from 200 to 250 luinds, who, with K their fuinilicH compose the residents of rpiito f a little villago on the summit. Of this I force the larger portion is foreign, chiefly . from the mining (Ustricte of England and i i /"i' v..i ! i 3 iruiuiiu, huu urcriuuuy ; wu no mconHiucrublo. port comes from the vicinity and from North Carolinaftn<t Georgia; and pome of the best workmen of the contract are from this claw. The high wages paid, frpm ?1 .It) to 81.02 per diem, according to capacity as laborer, qnarrYinau or miner, ore drawing a fair supply of hands from the pnblio works of Pennsylvania, Virginia rin(f Tennessee. The.ro is still room for more of the belter cluss. Hefofoforei the wrtnt of hands . has been a serious drawback to the work, f) T)ic rook thus far encountered may bo ) described ns an it-regular /moiss, approach- i t inpr in the harder bods thij njMSwficd of r granite; with frequent dyke vein# of qnnrtz f and nud with occimional tmecw of lend, 5 and copper* and iron pyrituM, tujojmd horn? blend. The tfonorid strike or direction of thfe'Wk \r t?i the uort'lv-curt, Tho dip vau v* . 1 !"JU J" 1 ' 11 1 1 1 . rios much, presenting; it very hard face to work in xhttf't sinking but more favorable in tunnel excavation. The uuUsunl hardness of this rOck, whioh at first night would , appear to be a serious disadvantage to tho work, is roully the reverse. In nearly nil if not. ail of the larger tunnels of the couuv try, the material has been snth as to require artificial support hy arching. In tho Iv in(fvtviiirl Tunnnl /_L 1 1*' Amf * /-*?. < lwv I?.. 1 -v. yr.iw ivvi VII JMHtimore and Ohio Ibiibood, ho estimated cost, of arching in 185-t, was about ?170,000; and the actual cost, including tomi pornty track* and detention of travel haw probably exceeded Ibis sum. I n the Stump i House tunnel, then; is thus far ho appro| hens ion, from the indications of the work ! done, that arching will ever be requited. The tunnel was commenced by the firm of Hangs & Co., in December, 1858, but up to April 1st, 1850, had progressed so slowly and unsatisfactorily that for this nml other well known causes, their contract was annulled. The work has since been relet, under Col. Walter Ciwynn, Chief Engineer I til ( Ion X? i Xf\ ( I ? .? V U>IO VM lllilliv i years' experience in tunnel work, chiclly | in England. A commencement was made ' vri lor this contract about July, 1850, but j several months necessarily passed before tho ! requisite machinery could be brought on and put up. Notwithstanding these delays, the tunnel work done under the new contract, exceeds thrice thi.t done previously. The work is now, and has been for somo time past, i.i complete working order. The cost of the iStutnpdiou.se tunnel (and of the lilue Ridge railroad) has been com! men tod upon by some who arc evidently I not. fnlllilior lh-itll tl?n I>l\!ir?n><\n nC ?l..? ...?1. and the case with which its npparqutly insurmountable difficulties uro overcome.? The intention, its announced, is tu build a first-class roi;d. Many works me started upon low estimates?to ho cheaply finished, opened, run a year or two, and then rebuilt?with frequent interruptions of travel, nnd occasional accidents, and with Iosm of life; to the regret of tlie stockholders that permanent work was not put up in the first instance, when the expenditure would have been less. Hut in connection with the cost, should be considered the boimtit. nrvmiimr in State from the construction of the Blue Uidge Ilai!road. Its future, beyond a certain point, may be a mutter of conjecture j but the results attending its progress thus far, will probably surprise many. These results are cither directly bcnelieial, in the increased value of property, or indirectly, I in the development of now branches of ini dustry due to tho work. Tho most important of the latter is the powder manufacture. One powder mill has been in operation, on Tunnel 11 ill, for the past year. A second ' (Col. J no. A. Easley's) near Pickens 0. II., is nearly completed. More will be needed; ' ' and the time may come when this maimfaetnrfl will hft nf mnw iiimnv(ni.nn W j the State than at present. Several other I mills, grain ami lumber, and tanneries have been bviilt within two years past. And in the German settlement of Vifulballa, (6 miles from the Tunnel) most* of the mechanical trades are carried on, on a spot which five years since was a tract of woodland. The advance of property is even more j striking, as will be seen from the annexed comparative statement of the value of stock, provisions and labor in 18o0 (about the time the surveys were commenced) and in 1867: 1850. ]S57?AugiiHl. Horses $.">0.00to 00 $80.d0 to 100.00 Mutes 00.00 to 100 100.00 tol50.0(> Oxen, j>ci yoke 20.00 to 25 50.00to 00.00 Oowh, 10 to ?- 20.00 to 25.0(> Sheep, 00.75 to ? 1,50 to 2.0O IJCBI, - m o CIS. pel" 10 UU.Ul to (HI.H.J Pork, 4 t<> 6 cm. per lb to 00.07 Wheal, GU to 7 "> ets. per bushel 1.00 to 1.1.> Corn, 40 els. per bushel Onts, 25 ots. por bushel 00.87 to G0.X> flutter, 10 ets. per lb. 00. 15 to 00.5:0 While labor^ f>0 els. per diom ?:? to I.too Negro labor, S8 tojnOpvr Mouth to 16.no Tuis inorea'ffo U ubicjly duo to the innrI ket afforded by (ho railroad ; for 1850 thorn wfrn no cash sale Hop nxwt of tho articles ! quoted. Tho roverxn is now the? ease ; at. ! least 75 per rent. of the money paid out in the construction of tho road loniaim* in tho State. Tho advance in ret*' estate lias been influenced somowhat by tho rapid growth of WalhalU" but oven that is dependent upon | the railroad. Tho sales of land near tho [ road (as far as can bo ascertained) ahow an increased value of from 200 to ft50 per ! cent. More distant it i^ less; but all whom I T have consulted. Afrvoc in rutimntinfr ?11.? I t ' r ? ^ ' h %,,w L average lnoVcaHfi for the entire district, from 1850 to 18f>7> ut from 80 to 100 per cent. Tlio census of 1850, gave for Pickens district, 0B,200 acres of improved land, 474,756 acres of unimproved hmd, and 81,708,080 value with improvements; ami among other products, 4518,008 bushels of corn. Apply to fcliBfle figures snoh increase pf valuation as the cautious estimate would warrant, and you will pcrccive that the. Hhie Uidgo llaihoifd has added }/> the ropl arid personal property'of J'ickens District, a large per yentnge of the entire cost of tho road. Similar results, though to a less extent, may bo shown in Anderson District; and their beneficial mfliinnei* m?v V... i<i.?m< through the adjoining district* to Colnmhih, .Churlcuton, and move or lc,-w throughout tho .State. And if sneh nre the result# thus far, of the unfinished nmd, what may not bo looked for fitmi tho sumo road, complete and tn srteetf^d operation,? M. I