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^VHUHik ^ Hk ^BHP^HB ^^^^^^^B^Bw^BfraPirellJBPllly1 '^rw , t - ^ '7j4, *tr V*1* - : - ^ - ^ 4?v? ' MWfcV ^ ' * < "t07 '* ' I '" ? III! L?J 1U1I-I 1?J i .... 1! _ - !. ' *< .i "^' I ! ' ? ? - ~~t-.. , "Tmm-Igfrw "?TO T1IIVH OWN 8KLF DK TUUK, AND IT MU8T FOLLOW, A3 TUH NIOIIT THR DAT, TIIOO OAM'ST MOT TIMV DB FALSH TO AST MAM." VOL. 3. PICKENS COURT HOUSE, S. C., SATURDAY, APRIL 12, 1851. HQ It ' fweagaggjii. n wi _ j.JM .-?I L- - - ' T , THE KkOWU) CODRIRll, PRINTS!) AMD 1'UBl.lBltKD tVKKKLT ?T trimmieu & lewis. \ W. K. Easley, Editor. TJBR1JIS. . On? Dollar and Fifty Cents for one year's sub caption whon paid within throe months, Two dollars if payment is delayed to the close of the subscription yoar. AU subscription? hot clearly limited, will bo poruidcred aa made for an indefinite time, and continued till a discontinuance is ordered and all arrearages pai.l. A'i'jertiatmcnU inserted at 7ft coots por square or the first insertion, and 87 1-2 cts. for each continued ln*t?rlion. T.ihnml .ImliiMl.ma n,o,i? to tbo*o adremajng by tlveyenr. A.U 0o:n niu>io.\Uoiu should bo tuklrcBsod 16 tlie l*ubllf?tiors j>osl jmiil. " ' a'qkm. Into my hourl h viUnt look F1n?lu'(l from tliy cmvIosr oyon, And what bcfuro war Bliatlow, took The litfht of uunimor Fkics. Tlie first born love was in that look; The Venua roso frorti out tho deep Of thoee inspiring eyes. My life, like aotno lono solemn spot A ?p|rit passes o'er, Grew instinct with a glory not In earth or heaven before; Sweet trouble stirred the haunti-il * pot, And shook the leaves of every thought, Thy presence wnudcred o'er. My baing yearned and crept to thiuo, As, if In times of yore, Tliy ?oul had been n pnrt of mine; Which claimed it bnclc once more; Thy very self no longer thine, But merged In tlmt delicious life, Which made us one of yorel There bloomed beside thee forms nsfair, I There murmured t??nes as sweet, But round theo breathed the enchanted nir 'Tum ttfc .??.! .1?11. ? Aud.liipcoCiiHh llum uuri fuii\ And though th<5 fctniM had 8hng for joy, TheycwhWpcr only sweat ^ i'iiE GOOD* WIFE. KBBIFIKD nuOM VKOVKUB3. The Lord hath many daughter*, That virtuously Achieve, But thou exccllost ull, for thou X)ost labour nud Lul'evo, Thou kmrtv'at how vain is beauty, Eo^ fal^e tho charms of pcnse, And serving God with truth, thou host His praise and recompense. Thy husband's praise s shall be thine; The children of thy breast Tljns taught, tthall in their love arise, And fondly call thee blessed. ZZi FranciHCo We make tho following extracts from a letter received from a gentle nuiii ui mho vioumjf i iiww n IU31UCIII qf San F raucisco.) They contain no news, but give some id$a of the great commercial emporium of California.?[South Carolinian, i 'il arrived here a^ou( the middle of August, and tiHvq spent the greatest portion .of the time in tyis city. y,n nave no doubt read many accounts or this country, aga especially ;of San a\ium;is?:u, irvui ui/jur pens uiup mine; I fear, there, Oiut anyllmig that I ? <<bliflore^nSf. Nevertheless 1 venture to g?Vfe y$u ipjy tyvn opinion rtccily Of San I'Va.icisco raWl.t vM jjropfir V be caM the modern wonder of (lie world. Never l>a? ft linle. A i f^ ai nya) Iiqvc, not iii;- h'isi iiiin5^' noblest sp^pmifil ^r eh^emriiic i%i( eximoimimi y &i'iu 55 i.? cAti lintjon ednld nave itccffinnlTsned m^mSmmvc.i\ u<w... a?.k?.m, a-Wood of the 'city was rftili in ummprtfyed (rendition, but Hirtce that time nearly till tho business and plank j*h \ ' x an innumerable number of wharfs mad docks have fcfeetr constructed, r<H?ember{ttstflfth fiono m t?i?tAca of two very tieutiW p i nmmmm the human family is composed of.? The city is situated on the foot of a number of hillsof considerable height, and as the space between' the elevation and the water was not sufficiently broad for its extension, one-haif the most important business portion of the city has been built upon piles II.--? "* I?'TT. - ? u.Miiiiuiiig ui iUUbl OUC Utile llllO U10 water. The view is an enchanting one indeed to ascend one of the elevations where a person can overlook the entire cit}', with one of the noblest bays in the world, covered with the ships and steamers of all the sea-faring nations on the globe. The feeling that overcomes one on such ah occasion, is one of outward pride and exultation at being so fortunate as to be an American. Its'extreme lenjrth is about (wo and a half, and its breadth is one and a half miles. The' principal business streets aire Ssinsom, Montgomery, Kearny. l)upont, Stockton,; California, Sacramenio. (^oimnert^ar, CJav, Merchant. Washington. Jackson, Pacific and Broadway; but there are more limn i20 more streets laid out, souk: of them no doubt will iti the course of time heroine resorts of considerable I I CIWl< II 111 III ll> l|Jfi As 1lic place w.is originally a Mexican town, a''public, plaza, called al pfesent Portsmouth square, can be! found in tin; centre 6r the city. In front of it can still be s?en one of the original Mexican houses, built, according to their custom, of sunburnt brick, and was formerly used as their custom bouse; but the principal space around this i ost central part of the city has been devoted to gambling houses, of which there are at tins time no less than 12. and nil nf splendid order. Those gambling houses are mostlv three or lour story houses, principally brick buildings, and on ihe erection of them fortunes have been spent. In the lower story of every one of (hem can be found a magnificent saloon of immense size, furnished in the most costly manner, , where all possible games that tlm ! nirtiti -nrrtViVmflil hrvtTirt mup'trty vi1. | But in order to make these places I mn<st nHnitntivn. In nnlmn ?lw? rv and the unsuspecting ones, every thing that human ingenuity could devise lias been done Jo accomplish this object, splendid bands of music are in constant employ, who play their bewitching airs. Paintings of the most sensual, and mirrors ol the most costly kind, are hung on the walls. At night they are lighted up with immense and niagnihicent chander. i ^ * i- _ I i ne<?>? uiui 10 compute mo wnoie, on almost every table can be found more or less Prgnoh or Mexican females, who participate as freely in the games as any one of their male associates. They have generally handsome faces, bui ate of the most abandoned characters. Hundreds and thousands of dollars are won and lost with perfect indifference, aild 'many a popr hard working .man who has.loiled months to lay up a Tittle-sum, has lost it here in ouiqk tlme.i As an evidence of Uie hiirh ARtinuilinii in whirli liinrl of houses stand s money making est tahlishments?ttuo Inst one built,icallCalifornia Exchange, pays for the ground on which it stands a rent of $40,000per year. 1 have already informed you that the population of the country is made up of nearly all the nations of the world, aim especially a considerable portion of it consists of the lower orofderrof inhabitants. ot TMexT?o, Chili; and Sidney. Many oT the comers of the latter; country are discharged convicts. These diflb^nt 1 classes of people have brought with 4 thmu the vjq?.M a^<J?vrup?v3ns whicli *1 tlu^y jttgp so wtiii Unmvn Id possess. VT^ftSr^flfect oS it isflelt verywSCnsiWy in tho reat number of rohherius and nnirniera/iiw ure?<-(H?fiHDiiy.-o*)rninnIw wiiK pfri in?|iuwiiy.<-?if$bnr<%ely ! a niglH p?s*ti?>awayoVtthont ypuXcfr one talhg -kilted, 9(#f>e itftyre <>r iribw -broken opeitn or a <l$pvefla(j<>n cojunMled of some vikiiul. Th.? misfortune is, tliat iriore limn lui|I of ilic perpetrators of those fopl deeds 0$*po detection AkogetheiAv and pmny <>f tbow tlmt are arres* tedf are, ovymg to the leniency of the law, in.many instioi^s scl f oe, or pupishpcl \vj?h mi iinpriwounient 6f n I IwWl tune, ^$UHpg>s|^ of tta severest proceedings against the violators of the Iuwh will suffice, an<i no tees ftypVsJ* the ,onw ^riflie,;W?ll inhajps not excelled :?any^oMuUy,oii : *prUM>7 mouths m 1)?* j a 4rM if wm 1 pril is usually the rainy season, during which ihe rain descends sometimes for days in continuation ; but there are intervals of days, and sometimes weeks, during which the sky is as clear and the sun shines as warm as in South Carolina in the month of May. Although there aiellnee winter months now passed, 1 have yet to See the first frost in Sun Frnnnifir? As California lias thus far been only known to (he world as a mining country, the general impression ahroad is that it possesses no agricultural resources, but this is a great mistake. The country abounds with a great number of the most fertile valleys, that are as capable of proi ,t,.1... , r I W'ivni?4 11n; m;t usacll ICS <JI llltii ilS ?ll'G ! in any of the States of the Union.? The'maiket of San Francisco is furnished with a variety of vogetab'es ik>I inferior to thtvt oKihe city of Now York; and as the \..'ices oi those articles are, and must for a considerable iiiihj to c'onic. bo very hi'/h. i!pr.oi ilu'ction of them is perhaps t!u> most I lucrative business'oi* any occupation ! in the country. What wou'd a pOr' SOn ill Slllll'S <1IW fit nilllin.rtVniv, ? -x [ 15 cents per pound for for Irish or sweet potatoes, 30 to 37 cents for tomatoes, 20 to 25 cents for onions, and 50 to 75 cents for a cabbage HeadI know a gentleman who cultivated some ten acres .of ground last summer, on 5 of them he planted tomatoes, and he realized upwards of $11,000 for it 1 know' three others who planted about 35 acres with Irish potatoes, and they realized $75,000. When I arrived here last August, I r 1 .. i - ? louiiu me marKct supplied with as fine grapes as can ho found on the Rhine, and as fine pears, apple.-, and water melons, as can he raised in the State of New York. But by no means a small item with the farmer of California is the raising of stock. There are many of the old settlers of (he country who own immen:e herds of cattle and sheep. And if we take into consideration I he high prices that are paid forfclookof every de,scj;iptinn.?ftiyl as thn bnll/ nf j the iiwpuiutiwn nj (ni nin/r attention (o commercial and mining pursuits, slock raising will continue to be a very profitable business. But experience has proven that every variety of moduct that is raised in the same degree in the other States of the Union can be produced on 1 ho rich soil of California. The lover of sport and fishing can also find in California an extensive and profitable field to operate. The mountains and plains abound with myriads of wild geese, ducks, elk, and deer, thi* .woods nif> nftffpp.llv nlivn will. squirrels, with all of which the market of San Francisco is always abundantly supplied. I have seen men who Follow hunting- and they declared that they average from 15 to 18 dollars per dav. The grizzly bear 'is to lx) found larger than pet Imps in any other part of the world, I have seen many weighing from 800 to 1400 pounds. It is here like every where, where ever American institutions have been transplanted, the prpss always has occupied a very conspicuous Dart in so eiety. There are now no less than eight daily papers published in this city; manv of them will, in point ol ability anci circulation, compare favorably with any other published in the older States of the Union. There are besides thir. seven more published in the various smaller tov ns of the State. Business is at present very miich depressed; many articles of merchan disfe fiali, owing to an o' cr supply, lie bought liero'as lovv as in (lie Sta'es, with the exception, perhftps. of fine rigars, cltcfwing and >ptoki;i# lobarpb, fcCnp, And *]5f/lying' cards; which tiro paying now from 100 to 300 per rfitit. prnhi: ft .He jijVrinpr ?f (lie yeflr, however, a pr'criOlal revival in brraiuifisrf "is pxpdCTfid:":' ALMOST a pRrtpHECf.?In 1833 John C; Calhoun, in replying tfi Daniel \Vebster, th*;s addressed him? uf I' tl,/, ?IA?I ' /Ot/^1 l',... ii in** piniii j'uii iumi;iiu iur >. are fcoVrect, y6u will wnke up a spirit of nbolilionisjn in tly> north; you will i make yo\rp people believe tney aVte responsible for tjiis instil nlion, and * the day that pripcijile gets into their minds, and that feeling into their hearts, 4hwlJf*ion will or at an end. And you yourself will he fna very i i< rju iti ictsi hid eiiens 01 mo ctoc, t l ine you artf now maintaining, by being Oft&wiaad anil scorned." t. >sit ijrit vat 'r'ff-eiomig't l,l Jenny Uyd an# Barnwn4**A \ \ French paper in New Orleans V&x> > b<r^cte, says-1lmtJenoyjLm<iKmr,<pn< , nlucled her. American engagement , w.lh i,. , ng iQ^igage ' ?hirn and o*hW Hi a? m \ / Foreign iTItacellany. . It is rumored that the Elector of Hesse tassel is about to abdicate. In the kingdom of Dahomey, the chicf execution is the first officer of i state, and holds the highest rank after the king. The Jews ore said to be suffering dreadful persecution again in the East. Tftelast accounts from Malta?tate that Sir Charles Napier is seen walking about with an immense beard reaching almost to his knees. New Grenada is offering 125,000 square yards of land, and religious toleration, to all immigrants from ; Europe desirous of settling under the I Tlig number of men comprising : tin* French army at home for the en| siting year i? set down in the estimate at 10,000 infantry ami 15,000 cavalry, for the protection of the Pope. The Austrian Minister of Comi metre litis issued an order that every railway tram carrying passengers i shall lie provided vvi'h a portable medicine chest and all necessary inI strumenfs !o give assistance to ner j sqiTIk who may meet vviih accident. I k, M. Rosb hns navigated the | Gauilalquiver with rati8 upon a new i prjtociple, from Cordova io Seville, in j sev en days. They were laden with wn sat, oil, &.c. The experiment is considered highly satisfactory. 'jurkbt.?The Sultan has publish ed an important firman in favor of his Christian Protestant subjects, in which he commands ihTit they shall exercise their secular and religious aPfaim in their own way, without the interference of any other community uihntoDai'. ItIly.?1 iOtters from Rome state lhaHhe Russian and Austrian Ministers liave recommended the Pope to quit lis residence at the Vatican, whici is near the Castle of St. AngeA?' CfMlniet? exciaslvrii^ i,y lli0< FreCh, and to remove to the Qnirinal Hundreds of workmen are emjoyed in restoring this last named plan, and placing it in a state to reeeiv his Holiness, and to aceoinmodatothe various UIIU I HUH* clei s. I w Code of Practice in Kentucky. Tlvsiew Code of Practice prepared < l>y essrs. Johnson, Marian, Loughborigh, commissioners, lias passed 1 heenernl assembly of Kentucky. ' lis new code, among other re- ' for J, abolishes the distinctions be- 1 tw n law andt 'C|uity, so far as to 1 allc legal and equitable lights, &c. 1 to enforced in the same court in * thttme action. It abolishes all com f mumw lorms oj Action; and cstab- s lis]i in their stead two other lorms * of uedies in all civil cases. The 1 co non law mode of pleading gives ' phi low brief and plain statement j h. pinion language, of the cause of (' acn and of the defence, which each ^ pal is required lo verify respective- '( iy affidavit. Each parly may ex- ^ aiK his adversary upon oath. * Ironlloman /sf - 1 1 _?y iuui/iii}( /via., lias '* a ig which was thrown up by a * pi -of laborers, who were excava- f1 tna few months ago, a piece of ,r ?! id at Coosada Autauga country. ?* t :aid to bo composed of a light ui, so hard that no impression c< be made upon it by cutting. ,a i lltnassive, shaped like ordinary | ri worn by gentlemen, and instead o.tone set, it has a flattened sur- m ft an which are engraved a skull 'j1 n cross-bones, it was buried ''v t e or fourteen feet under the J'" ?d, and is suposed to have be1 to one of Do Sototannriv lai "Icfcthe wanderings in the regions 1 i J6-31*. ne centuries ago a Hag-piper ,v*a ' < 'H a RubterrtheHii p..ssnge at or A** he Castle of Kdinburgh. intend- c'?* ) proceed under the ground ??lr through the center of thn nlH > fh'e palace at Holy rood houseriid, "lisp, that he was a distill- 1 id //ighland chief, and that he , 10 'I took to play the pipes during due< np of his pro# res?. Soma iniments l>eing required at the es , af^n ie- heaf the castle recently, a ifyofltuman hones, a com of duc& and the drone of a pipfc, were P?!M.: erd?-the remains of ine-u^for- Upnj ? musician. The event has p^d*i d*oine interest in the ^Modern ,s^ 1 i' W T{ . 1 upth ; > t,) i. ilvan ' foroifffl flfQ(4 ooi^v r ii . ,^,.wi!r?w" 9? * Dritiah "Protectorate*." The Ionian isles, which command the entrance of the Adriatic, and concerning which we have lately had a refreshing account in the English newspapers of various whippings, drum-head court martials, shootings, &c., inflicted on the native inhabi tants for seditious practices, are part of the prey which fall to the lot of England in the divisions of the spoils t>f Europe by the 'Holy Alliance.'? They are now under the 'protection' of the British government, are dubbod p republic, and have a parliament, as it is called, the prerogative of which is thus described by Mv. Aubrey De Vere, a late English traveller: "Another characteristic scene, at which I assisted, was the prorogation of tho parliament?a scene that illustrated well the meaning of our British 'protection,' and the freedom of the Ionian renublir.. Thp. nnrlm. merit sits in the lord high commissioner's palace, and the members entered between files of soldiers, who gave them a somewhat unceremonious greeting, as far as 'privilege.' is concerned, clashing their arms every moment with emphatic loyalty on the marble steps. As the president took his seat, the band was playing kGod s>ave the King.' The moment the lord high commissioner had finished his speech, a loud peal of artil j i u1\jiii iium HIP C1ItlGCli <111(1 pronounced the'amen' in an audil>!e voice; and the much complimented and bewildered senators took I heir departure amid the gleaming of swords, the glaring of uniforms, and the prancing of cavalry that charged up and down the esplanade. On the whole, the spectacle wasbutpecluresqueand significant, and would have met the cordial approbation of Queen Elizabeth, who marvelled that the members of the 'nether1 house should sometimes be betrayed into meddling with 'matters of State." So milch for British republics and British 'protection-' 1 pity the poor Musquitoes.?South. Press. Declaration of Independence.?Tho following is an extract from a letter of a North Carolina correspondent of the Southern Baptist. The development which it makes is certainly very interesting. It would he strange, if after all that has been said, Pitt should take from Mecklonburg the u;lory which has formerly attached to the latter, as having been the first to declare her independence of the British crown. We would be pleassd to know something more of this matter, and will feel greatly indebted 1 o any friend in Pitt, who will favor ' is with a rnnu r?f tlw? -f t.j ...V piUlyCCUIIJgS (?I ' e meeting referred to, together with ' m account of the attendingcircuiti- * stances, in case they can be ascer- 1 ained. It .is somewhat surprising : hat the Charlotte Journal published I his extract without comment: I "There are many interesting inci- 1 ents interwoven with the history of r Eastern North Carolina Not the iast among them is a lact recently h rought to light in the old records of o 'itt county. While collecting majrials for the North Carolina Gaze- a ?er at the Court house in Greenville, ? read the proceedings of a popular L leeting in the county town, declaring 1 nnir ? - *' 0 ...v.i ii?ivi<ciiuciivv w uic crown p Great Britain, arid their determi it ion to !)e free. This declaration S' as made months prior to the decla- c< it ion in Mecklenburg county, which is generally been regarded as the st declaration of independence p1 ade in America. Thus we see j? at the people of Pitt county have w' r honor of being the first to set up 3 standard of iudepend nee of Brit 'n i Huuiority on this side oi the At- Wf it ic.Gddsborong Telegraph. pf> dm A Ducking1 en< [t is stated that the Rev. Kdward I ho itthews travelling agent for the ma ?ericari Baptist Emancipation So- an y ofNew York, whilst on a pil- tha nage to thri residence of (Jassius a rf C/iay. of Kentucky, stopped ai lata hmond, K.', and made use of cer- c!ea unwholesome expression relative the. lie subject of slavery, which in- at $ [jd the citizens to order him to Sun TT . - c ni? uiw"- n<* jet! vtnH returned thro y or two nftervvrirds, whereupoh for^t b ci^i/ens seize*! him anrl after grati ung him nine times in a horse- P"ot U ordered hm to leqtve the Slrte. n refusing" la do so, he was c|*pI Wide more*, whej'^opon he prom- uada to leave immediately, and took vote . IU. '1 ? mm t?r marcn ot> ibot for Penns cent .. v . 4.' dp t A.* : > ara^... V./, -a. Th mposi.'ors ofan giy^ble ttbe f"rj^ ?v4'";wA?^w,be,r sr y i . Jj Small Men. . This is decidedly tbe age of sui*U men. We do not mean small in star lure, but small great men. We h&?& fallen lirinn r?f*r?f timoa. _r?.. |>VKI UIKU 11 MIJ great men no longer exist. Our statesmen are small men, our Govt* ernors are small men, our judges are small men, our merchants are smaiil men, our editors are small m#n??r Twenty years ago one could /joi int? the halls of Congress and pom* out a score of great men without mov ing from the door. Here were Clay nod Adams and Webster and Randolph and Jackson, Calhoun, Crawford, Crittenden,Tristram Burges, De Wit Clinton, Southard, Silas Wright, Hayne, Benton, and a host of othqps who have cone to that bourno from whence no" travellor returns. is it now? Take out Clay and Wen stcr and Crittenden and Henton, an^ what have you left? Nothing-~or only ihose who arc next to nothing. Go into our courts, and we find the same vacancy, the same waut of character, dignity and talent. Twen: ty years ago our judges wrro men whom every body delighted to honor. Lawyers bowed in reverence to them, and their decisions ?n!? mitted to as sound and substantia!, as based upon reason, justice and law. How is it now? Why, when a case is argued before one o! them* (he lawyers turn away and go out of court with as much uncertainty nov? (he judge Will decide the points) ot law as how the jury will decidc upon the evidence; and when they op hear his decision, the defeated party says he is a fool, or has been bribed* and the victor asks him to go and take a drink. * Turn from the court to th? State house, and what have we for Go^'wr Why the smallest of all small potiU toes: Seward; Fish, Dorr, Ford lancj others of like ralibre. What hav? for State Senators and assembly men? Don't mention 'emare now on a visit to the town. They have just come from the rural dip t riots, and are going about to seo me cwrtosfties'of me City. tif not say much about them now, for they will, manv of Ihpm. h*> a _ T , *v f^VVAJ deal bigger; or at least will feel s"ov after having been to New Yorki boys always do. Look at the editors, and what Imve we? Pardoned convicts frotrt State prisons, philosophical bumpkins Iroini Vermont, printers from down east, cabinet makers arid house joiners from New York, a poet, a Yankee schoolmaster, a few ! mi icy men, a l luirlow Weed and I en thousand little Weeds, offshoots, from his ofTice/ scattered all over the slate. These are the men who hrin? "orward the poodles and curs iron} he pot houses and 'rural districts' uul make statesmen ot them. ire the men who pull down and mild up. Pull down by slandering, ying and black-jruardiiur: aiirf luriw ip by cheating, trickery and thwpjilQ . , . -,J&* We would go to the merchants* ut there is not quite so much degetk* racy here, and as we have got a>ng so tar and down so low, we will ot attempt it. If this is not the ago1 f small men, what is *V >ay J&cok* A Beau Brummel among the work* <g men.?A correspondent of th# unday Courier thus describes a(f icentric individual in New Orleans*v "We have a man here by tho ime of Duncan who has a most sin uar taste in regard to clothing and wolry. He weare an bite broad brimmee hat, and a gckl ibroidered suit of clothes that oosf* Paris, over $800. He has a gold itch chain that would fasten an elhant; five or six pounds of rinj??< zzle on his fingers, bis boots are? ;ased in silver coats of mail, ami carries a cane bedizened with ssive chunks of silver. There is amiable bearing about' th# ' t warrants me in considering^ hi** lost singular fancy* and not acfwri^ n love of notoriety. , He is ti ifllV* hard ivniLJn-?? wwm niW ^ _ ? "> >15 oioveuaiti and.'. jewelry on his person is valued' W,000? <vhich he wears only Ofi?*v/' day. There is no dirty misab* py about him so often mistake!*^ ruo democracy* but a desiteto ify this dsdffancy with soifl<s? y." ie last Parlianrter>t of UnnArf^iv passed a hw for women to * ' K8VP'L??'?*r^5 i&asasr.