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V' NlT 0 AU: Ol. X 11. .0 THE nRA L D IS PUBLISHEDl EVERY WEDNESDAY MORNING, it Newberry, S. C. Y THOS. P. GRRNRKRR, Editor and Proprietor.3 eAs9 $ .00 per JuaurI, Invariably in Advance. 7? The. paper is stopped at the expiration of ~Ntime for which it is pai i. [C7 The >4 mark denotes expiration of sub cripton. Waeches, Clocks, Jewelry. ffffllHE ND JE11TEV At the New Store on Hotel L~. I-have now on hand a lairge and eiegant i ortmenlt of WATCHES, CLOCKS, JEWELRY, Silver and Plated Ware, WIOMN AND GDJITAR STINGS, SPEE.TACLM AWID SPECTACLE CAM"., VEDWUS AND BIRTIHWAY PRESENTS. DI INDLESS VARIETY. All orders by mail promptly attended to. Washan g tand Repairing a D*a- Cheaply and with 1)ispatch. Call and examine my stock and prices. * EMWARD SCHOLTZ. -Nov. 21, 47-tf. .IsceUaaueo s. ByI.- T-ip lylnoeroa ly attenarsIf -....(nr b pos a va Icardfhjitane an ortland, MaLne. Oct. 13, 42-ly. BELOW COST. WORTH FOR Manual of Discip1ine, Methodist,$LOO $ .5u Paine's Life of McKendree,2 vo!s. 4.00 2.00 EcceEcelesia...............1.75 1.00 liscellaineou. TUT T'S PILLS' ENDORSED BY PHYSICIANS, CLERGYMEN, AND THE AFFLICTED EVERYWHERE. THE GREATEST MEDICAL TRIUMPH OF THE AGE. SYMPTOMS OF A TORPID LIVER. s of appetite,Nausea,bowels costive, ain in eHead,with ensation in the back part, Pain under the shodiIer blade,falness after eating, with a disin clination to exertion of body or mind, Irritabilty of temper, Low spirits, ss of memory, with a feeling of having neg lected some du weariness, Dizziness, olftee Heart, Dots fore the eyes, Ye ow Skin, Headache, Restless ness at night, highly colored Urine. IFTESE WABNINGSAREUlmEEDED, SERIOUS DISEASES WILL SOON BE DEVELOPED. yTUj.S pILS are especially adapted to such c.ses,one dose effects suchachange of feeling as to astonish the suferer. They Inerense the Appetite, and cause the body t Take on Flesh. thus the system is nourished.and by th eir TonieActionon the due rce cents. 3 ur S TUTTIS HAIR DYEI GRAY HAIR orR HISKERis changed to a GLOSSY Bcs by a single application of this DYS It Imparis a natural color, acts Instanitanieously. Sold by Druggists, or sent by express on receipt of $1. Office, 35 Murray St., New York. (Dr. TETITS 3Ait"AL of Valuable Information and tLeh Reeeipts will be mailed FREE on appie tlon.F ftTTER CELEBRATED STOMIACH Malaria is an Unseen Vaporous Polson, spreading disease and death in many localities, for which quini. e is no genuine an titode, but for the effects of whichHostetter's Stomach Bitters is not only a thorough reme dy, but a reliable preventative. To this fact there is an overwhelming array of testimony, extending over a period of thirty yeas Alle disorders of the liver, stomach and bwl arc also conquered by the Bitters. For sale by all Druggists and Dealers generally. ROCKERY -AND GLASSWARE. A nice assortment of CROCKERY and L ASSW ARE just recited and for sale by W. T. WRIGHT, Who still has only a few of those CHIEAP TOVES left. Gall quick if you want one. Who still continues to carry on the TIN BUSINESS in all its branches, and keeps a full line of Tinware and Stoves. And last, though not least, who will do all the ROOFING, GUTT ERING and other JOB WORK he can get, just as cheap as he can afford it. Mar. 23, 47-ly. A PERFECT_DAISY! It is a perfect model cf ST RENGTH, NE ATNESS, COMFORT and DURABILITY! AT MODERATE COST. This Buggy is constructed of the very best select material, and is so perfect in constrution (as well as simple) that there Nothing to Get Out of Order ! The motion is so gentle as to enab!c the most delicate invalid, as well as those in robust health, to travel with perfect ease. CALL AND BE CONVINCED, Manufactured and for sale at J. TAYLOR'S CARRIAGE SHOPS, OPPOSITE JAILl, - - NEWBERRY, S. C. Mar. 2, 9-6m. Sb Outit furnished free, with full in structions for conducting the most prof;itable business that anyone can engage in. The business is so easy to learn, and our instructions are so simple and plain, that any one .can make great profits tromn the very start. No one canl fail who is willing to work. o nen are as successful as men. Boys and girls can earn arge sums Many have made a.t the busi iess over oine hundred dollars in a single week. Nothing like it ever known belore. All who engage are surprised at the case Iand rapidity with wvhichi they, are: able to make money. You can engage in this busi ness during your~ spare time at great profit. You do not hacve to invest capital im it. We take all the risk. Those who need ready money, should write to us at onice. All fur nihd free. Address True & Co., Augusta, Maine. Uct. 13, 4M-ly. ALONZO REESE, SSHAVING AND HlAIR DRESSING~ sALOON, Plain Street next door to Dr. Geiger's Office, ICOLUMBIA, S. C. IRoom newly fittcd and furnished, and gen tlemen attended to with celerity, after the ottrp. CHINESE COUTRT'S! HP. The festive Ai Goo And foo Hay the fair They met and the two Concluded to pair. They "spooned" in the way That most lovers do, And Ah Goo kisQed Too Hlay, And Too Hay kissed Al Goo. Said this festive Ah Goo, As his heart swelled with pride, "Me heap likee you; You heap be my blide?" And she looked down All so modest and pretty, 'Twixt a smile and a frown, Gently mtrnured: "You bett:. " From The Chicago Field. TIXE CULTURE OF CARP AND CON STRUCTION OF PONDS. BY .RUDOLPH HESSEL. PART III. 5.-TAKING THE FISH FROM THE PONDS. The emptying out of ponds de mands the greatest caution and attention. The water must be made to flow off very gradually Lhrough the several outlets, all of wbich are to be kept open at the same time; it requires frequently from ten to eighteen days to draw Dff the water. The fishes are riven carefully and slowly with boats into the principal ditches. ''hey must not be chased on any .count, or they will bury them. selves in the mud; occasionally many thousands will do so within few moments, and will remain there, pressed together closely, and so perish through suffocation. This is recorded as having occur red from time to time, when, dur ng the process of driving them nto the ditches, the fishes were tartled by some unknown cause, and all sank into the mud instan aneously. Thbrough thbe impossi ility of extricating them speedily eough, mr.ny hundreds and even ,bousands perished, the owner sus aning heavy losses in conse uence. To guard against such n emergency, preparations should e made for an immediate supply f water in similar cases, in order o save the fishes. If the fishing oum progresses in thbe regular man er, the fishes will by degress raw off from the ditches into the ollector. The collecting takes fom five to six days in large ponds, containing frequently 100 to 400 tons of fishes. Care should be taken, that crowding them to gether may be avoided. On the evening before the fishing-out, when the water of the pond has. been diminished to the depth of af a foot, those fishes which have been cQllected are shut off from the pond by a large net, and in the early morning, at the dawn of day, they are caught. As so large a number of fishes cannot be disposed of at once, they are transferred to the so-called mar ket ponds. f'rom which they are sold by degrees to fish-dealers. Tese market-ponds are quite small, capable of holding from 2,000 to 3,(000 pounds of fish only, and are supplied with running water. Those' who never saw the fish ing-out of a car-p pond can scarcely imagine the beautiful sight of so many thousand fine fishes, fat and well fed, raising their high ,broad backs and thick, puffy lips above the water, their beads side by side, all being nearly of the same size, weighing from four to five pounds, their bodies closely press ing against each other, looking like~ an immense herd of sheep. i mprisonied in one largert net u>n a circuumfernce of 3.000 to 4,000 feet. Closer and closer the circle is drawn around them, until its extent measurecs only about two acres, when they are caught by thousands, weighed in lots of 100 pounids, and then thbey ar-e placed in the market ponds. The pikes, wich have reached an almost equal weight, are put into pike-ponds. It requires often two or three ay to wveigh the fishes, ponds of 1.000 or 2,000 acres area contain ing on an average 200 tons of carp and 20 tons of pike ; tench and other fishes not included. I assisted once at the fishing out of one of these ponds, which took place in the neighborhood of the town of Guben Pleitz, pro vince of Brandenburg, Germany. TIiie pond was the-property of a eonipetent culturist and valued friend, MIr. Thomas Berger, of Georgenhof, near Cottbus Peitz. The ponds in which this gentleman carries on carp eulture exceed the extent of 6,000 Prussian acres. The pond which was fished out at the time I speak of was but a small one, not more than 200 acres in size, yet to my surprise I found that the greater number of fishes were fine speci mnens of about three pounds' weight, though they were but in their second year, having weighed no more than one and a quarter pounds five short mouths before (the fishing-out took place at the beginning of October), and they ad attained to this great weight in a comparatively very limited space of time. Several establish inents of this kind are located in Lhat district, arid they commonly belong to some large princely do main (crown property). They ire, like all large fisheries, ad :nirably managed, and the results re most satisfactory. 6.--3XED CARP-CULTURE. We have so far spoken of carp 3ulture, according to the different Lge of these fish, in special ponds iatching, breeding, and carp )onds), termed 'class-culture' in Dentral Europe. W1e must ow speak of another method, >ursued in so-enlled 'mixed ponds,' a which there are fish of all ages, rom one year to eigbt to ten gears. Not much can be said regard ng this method, as there are no atching or breeding-ponds, but nly one pond, which, however, iust combine all the char-acteris :ies of the class-ponds. It must therefore have sballowv places, >vergrown with grass or aquatic plants (Festuca fluitans and phel ~andrium), for the spawners and the young fish, and also places, eight to ten feet deep, for the lar ger fish. If such a pond is to yield some profit, it must also be particularly rich in food. A nat aral pond may be used, or, if such i one is not found, it may be arti ficially constructed. It is indis pensable, however, that such a pond should have the same depth of water all the year round, and it should be so arranged that even the last drop of water can be let off, as occasionally even the small est fish, measuring only two to three inches in length, must be taken out. Such 'mixed ponds' must like wise have 'collectors' and 'collector-ditches.' It, will also be found very useful to construct a sort of hatching- place, on some fat and sunny place, near the bank, viz.: a so-called cut in the bank, measuring 40 to 100 feet in length, and 30 to 50 feet in breadth, and having a depth of five inches to one and a half feet. This cut should be thickly planted with the above mentioned aquatic plants, and ought, so to speak, to be the only place in the pond where carp can ascend from the depth in order to deposit their eggs conveniently and engage iu the spawning process. As soon as this has taken place, the entrance to this cut is closed with a net, so the eggs cannot be eaten by the fish. This n et may be removed when the young6fsb have come out of the eg.gs, but it is [prefer-able to leave it in its place for some days that the young fish may be able to fecd for some ime undisturbed. Explanation of Diagram - A is the pond, B the cut, which, thougl directly connected witn the pond is in reality nothing but a batching pond, such as has been describec above. In order to have a corn plete system of ponds, notbine would be required but a 'breeding pond.' In Eu rope this method wa glberally adopted by beginners it carp culture, commencing niith eceling to the small -natching pondl,' and finally to the breeding pond,' as the great advantage of separate ponds for the different. ages of fish over the 'mixed pond' system soon became evident. In such a 'mixed pond' no pike must be kept for regulating stock, as may be done in a class-pond. for all the small fish- would then soon be devoured. It must be made a strict rule that, with the exception of the tench (Cypvinus tincia,) no other kind of fish, how ever harmless, is allowed in the pond. The tench is related to the carp, but it spawns four to five weeks later, so there can be no danger of cross breeds. Great care should be taken that no gold-fish (Cyprinus carpio aura tus) or bream (brana) get in the pond, for these fish would soon mix with the carp and tentd to degenerate the breed. Such fish should therefore be removed or killed at once. The gold-fish es pecially the milter, swims in spawniug schools like the carp, and at tbe very same season. It thus spoils the eggs of the carp, as all eggs which it impregnates will produce spotted fish, having at least a silvery streak - to ' inch long and k inch broad, between the caudal and the dorsal fins. Such bastards (the cross-breeds of gold fish and Garassius also re semble them) do not grow larger than gold-fish, and have as many bones. They are unfit for table use and entirely unsuited for or nament, as they are neither gen uine carp nor gold-fish, and are disagreeable objects in the eyes of the scientist or connoisseur. If such fish are not removed imme diately the consequence will be another cross-breed during the next spawning-season, for such a iybrid sp7wrns like the gold-fish, when it is a year old, and the breed of carps would degenerate still more. It is best to kill such worthless cross-breeds at once, as they are apt to give great trouble. I would embrace this oppor tunity to impress upon every car-culturist whbo intends to make breeding-experiments with any car-p procured through the United States Fish Commission, the im portance of having if possible only one of three above-mentioned kinds of carp, unless he can have every kind in a separate pond. Trhus, the common carp (C!yprinus carpio communlis) should never be placed in the same pond with tbe 'mirror-carp' or the 'leather or naked carp' Cyprinus carpio ale pidoi us, coriaceus vel nudus,) nor should the two last-mentioned varieties ever be in the same pond. Cross breeds would in variably be produced, and in such a manner that one would have neither genuine common carps nor genuine mirror or leather carps, but a cross-lzreed of all the three varieties. Not even when|quite young and not yet capable of spawning should these varieties be put together, because, even if they are kept strictly sep arate during the spawning prio cess, th)e young fish would never have the sharply-marked charac tristics of their variety as re gards form and color, but would approach nearer to the 'mirror carp' and the 'common carp.' The carp has a striking tendency, when living with other varieties, to approach the-primitive form of the common carp, and finally to be merged in it. These beautiful varieties should therefore be kept strictly separate ; lack of ponds or any other reason should never in duce people to mix them. If the breeding-experiments are to be accompanied by good re suts, a pure variety should be selected, and the finest and best miters and spawners, showing stron gly all the characteristics of their variety should be procur-ed, and the experiments will be cowned with success. I must return to the so-called 'mixed culture,' by mentioning that it is not to be recommended. I.n Central Europe it is never prac ticed by scientific pisciculturists but only by small operators most ly in so-called 'peasants' ponds.' This method does never yield a Scerain nnd truly profitable result. (.-FEED IN; TllE CARP. In conclusion I will make some remarks on the feeding of c.rp in close ponds. It is not every natural pond which is a good pond, having the essentials of a good soil at the bottom and capa ble of producing sufficient food for the fish. If these conditions are wanting, the fish must be fed. This is as a general rule only necessary in ponds with sandy bottom with out any clay. As .1 have said before, I am not in favor of feeding fish, as my standpoint is that of the rational culturist sharing the opinion with most of the promi nent, piscicuiturists of the OLd World, that the carp should find its own food in*the ponds. If; however, the nature of the bottom demands artificial feeding, or if suitable food can be had al. a remierkably cheap price,the feeding should be done with great cauticn. Never f ed in one and t-he same place ; even if the pond be very large, distribute the food in differ out places near the banks. If the food is always put in one place, or even if it is distributed over two places, the carp will stay in the neighborhood of these places, will become languid, and instead of scouring the other ,arts of the pond in search of food, will remain at the bottom. It will even if surrounded by the richest food, grow fat, but never have any firm flesh ; nor will it ever grow much in length, as the some what phlegmatic fish does not get the exercise which favors its growth. Never give thom much food at one time, but by degrees. in small quantities, never during the day, but either early in the morning or in the evening. During the hot season only feed them late at night, because the carp, if it has eaten sufficient in the morning, will remain at.the bottom all day, while during the higher tempera ture of the water it is necessary for its health that it should swim round and get a change of water. It is therefore useful to place in ponds containing large carps a lim ited number of pikes whieb how ever, must be smaller than the carp. The carp fears the pike and flies from it. If there arec pikes in the pond, the car-p will get more exercise and will seek natural feeding-places, whither on account of its innate sluggishtness it would never have gone. Pond-carp are accustomed to other food than the river-carp. The former confine themselves to woms, larve, and plants, while those living in streams find all sorts ~of animal and vegetable re fuse ; these latter can also stand a greater amount of food, as the current naturally makes them take more exercise, thus increas ing their appetite. It is differ-ent with the pond-carp ;if you give it too much food, it will not take any more than is necessary to satisfy its hunger ; the remnants will remain at the bottom, and if their quantity bc considerable, they will spoil the water. If these remnants are chiefly animal re fuse, as flesh or blood, fungi will grow on them, and will then pro duce, as with the salmon and trout, disease of tho skin, the gille. and in the case of the car-p, sonmc times internal diseases. The writer once had the follow ing experience: During his ab sence a number of large eat-p were fed on coagulated blood which had begun to putr-efy; the fish devoured it eagerly, got sick, and most ot Ithem died in a few days from an inflammatiou of the intestines. Spoilt food should never be given to fish. If slaughter-house or kitchen refuse c-an be had ,give these, cbopped up small about the size of peas. Never give so much that r-emnants remain for- any length of time in the water anid begin to putrefy. Let no one be induced by the circumstance that the car-ps like to eat the dung of hops, sheep and cows, to feed them on any putrefyinig matter-. Thcre arc instances on r-eord that ther-eby epidemics, par-ticular ly diseases of the scales, have originated. The cat-p likes above everything - e.seveetbl matter such as cab ba e, lettl1eC. ouilcd potatoes, cr .11 turips, pumpl kills. m1elols, etC. The r.use .f malt fron breweries and distiileies is also very good food for carp ; and w her.ver suci. refuse can be had. it t-houltl be given to the fish. - The small pisciculturists, hav ing a pond of perhaps one tO two acres real his housc. tt ill often Le able to feed his fish on1 refuse, as lie will always have it fresh from the kitchen and stable. In conclusion, I. earnestly re COn. :id the eiltuire of the carl to all pisciculturists. If the value of the carp for table use has once been recognized, it will become a highly esteemed fish, especially in the neighborhood of large popu. lous cities, and its culture will yield a larger and more certain profit than the expensive trout. S.-EXTENT OF CARP-CULTURE IN EUROPE. In Europe many thousand acres of artificial waters are to be found. In these enormous quanti ties of carp are bred. Some of these ponds, or rather lakes, have an extent of about 1,000 to 2,000 acres. They are provided with gigantic darns, many of them six ty feet high. By these the water is closed in, into broad valley, con taining no other fishes than carps from four to five pounds in weight. If we consider the size ofthese lake-like ponds surrounded by enormous dams which are over o grown with oak-trees 100 to 300 years old. series of three and more of these lakes being not uncom mon, then we can form some idea as to the remunerativeness of these establishments, particularly in Bohemia. The standard establishment with regard to the most extin sive business transactions is found in Austria. The Prince of lSchwarzen berg, of whom I have spoken previously, possesses more than 250 ponds of large size, the smallest having about ten acres, the largest 2,000 acres' water ex tent. We find many villages wbere ponds of fity to two hundred and more acres are maintained at the expense of'the community. 9.-THE TABLE QUALITIES. If the carp were a fish of in ferior quality, like the buffalo-fish, for instance, its sale would doubt less be limited to the sea-port towns of Northern G'ermany and the principal Cities of Central Eui'ope, as Vienna, Berlin, and Paris. In the latter city, in spite of' an abundant supply of salt water and different kinds of fresh water fish, the carp is ever pre ferred to these, anrd, with the ex ception of trout and salmon, it frequently commands a price three times as high as that of all the rest. I maintain my assertion that the carp, whether it be scale, mir r ior, or leather carp), is one of' the most excellent f'resb water fishes, and its introduction will be of great value in point of' national economy. especially on account of the facility of its culture and the enormous extent to which this may be carried on. 'T be carp and its value as a fish of culture will before long be fully appreciated so that we may be enabled favorably to compare the results of its culture in America. as also the extent attained to, with any other country, to our complete satisfatction. STEUI-POWER BY HORSE POWER.. A few days ago as we passed a door in G'old street. away down in the dense wholesale quarter, Maryantha said :'Billy is a turn ing that crank ?' 'Who's Billy ?' sai 1. 'B3WIly is Patrick's pard ner,! say's 3Maryantha. 'Let's go up and see him !' We wen t un dcr a turning wheel and belt in adirty alley way, and( up b sev ral more wheels and belts and bits of' shafting, winding up irreg ular stairs till my knees began to ache, and I said :'Is it a shot tower?' 'Take it slow,' says 3aryantha, never altering her gait ; 'I comec up here every month.' As we proceeded up wa a noise -a of a grist nAILl ADVERTISING RATES. a;1"e rti,enients in%-ert ci at the rate (. 1 ; prr s.quare (one inch) for first insert:Ot 7u: .? cc'nts for E":-,h S~ubsequ~ent inisert,n NoJic& o1 m ~enniig , oIitwo,ie anitriI,i:/j~ r(.i1 ;", 1 c i*11C ner -o racas 01-d i i d\-rtisc,Mills. >' ! . ia \(mices in Local c( '!uinn I.) e'nt pt r Advertiis(-;unts nrot marked \\ ~ii the nunT ',"r!J :t rtriI1 \Viil b, ,,cpr itn il IOrl,i,. DONE WITH NEATNES. ANDI) 1)tPATt-:1 TERMS CASH. .rraidirg iticrea:;;d in power, and also the -ourid o:' the cracking of 4L Whip. The roofs of the s u r rounding blocks fell far' beneath UiS, the jlaiior':1ina of both rivers exten5dedI to the neirlhorini' green of Battery l ,l and !he white ligrht of hca: en itt afternoon filled every' window and aperture. lere's Billy.: exclaimed MMary antha, pusoiig cpeCi a door. We eniter'ed a little shanty built like a c:uj)ola on the dizzy summit of a decrepit aiid ai"tiquated tenement roof, and there all alone fulfy 200 feet from the ground, was a gray, lean, starveling horse. hauling at lever or bar behird hinm in a cir cle. le stopped bolt still when he saw _laryantha, and this brougbt from sonmc other spot of~ sbolter, a Ittle down the stairway, an aged Irishman with a wbip lash w ll tcorn, which he cracked smartly and shouted : 'Billy, git up, ye lazy crature! Why, Molly, how is the times wid ye, dar'lint?" Jrary antha took an apple from her porket. and gaveP it. to t he ho'rse,