The Newberry herald. (Newberry, S.C.) 1865-1884, July 27, 1881, Image 1
~jj~-. *!. / .
CM11
A Family Companion, Devoted to Literature, Miscellainy, News, Agricature, Markets, &c.
Vol. XVIIO NEWBERRY, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JULY 27 1881. - -
TH M'OAL
IS PUBLISHED
?VRYWEDNSD.AY-MORN ING,
u uietery, S.C.
19Y ITOH0.9 iRN~KR
-jn.and Proprietor.,
5~rS. $200per Jtt4
Invarisbly in Advance.
;mr*,Me* pitor& Istopped at the expirationl of
I ijme fdr which. it is Paid.
* ~~The1~4 ark denotes expiration o u
W~ateeS, (ockS ewelry.
;At the New -store mi flotel Lot.
- I 'enw -0on- -1and'a lur&e ind eiegamft
t~TIIE~ COCKS JEWELRYI:
L cSilver -ad' Plated Ware,..
*SpjWCALr. Al M- SPMCAOL QSM
OE M- B11~I 111U-T?%M
-AN-orders by mail promptly attended to.
h~e itl~y i "with Dsac~
8ok" ad &~iML~
ARD0Ifts-YcmUBXY.
ce 1"e s
.VloUll BO -~ ~IG
~co(.TW$NE4WMNEFGTR
SEED).
-Sow-thyseed,-oh hbandmn' --
What thoUg1 oPPc.rs wApT
It will burst the shell and rise,
Sit the dew'and kiss the sie.
Sow thy seed and sleep.
In thy 1.bors thou shalt live
Dust aione Is dead
Xver falls tbe-shine.and rain,
Eversprings the golden grain;
All the worlds are fed.
-FronA .Tie ChiOAgo -Fiem.
THlE CULTU7Ri O'
.CA&P AND ...00 -
PONDS.
BY RUDOLPLI UEss
PART 1.L
4.-sTorKINQ.:THE .PGNDS AD CARE
orsaz1:FISIEs...-..
-fj. eArty -on' rp--ciltt Ire a
reguliar and.. jdiioe nanRer,
severtl- ponds - are- --equired ae
cording - btO vriO:US Up11YsE
tbe:f e detie4 fr --
1. Th:e baOhing-pend. -
2. 'Te breedin-g-pondr
3M-Tbe- dculture.-r-regular carp-!
pond.- - -
- The- iatehi:ng-pond sel;ves mA-10
partioniurl:y4ois batu4ava: -impreg
ation a*d-hat-,hi_ngi or ratier-for
nataurai pIropagatiO-P - generaHlly by
Placing- .. noA."er of -Em ate -d - Te
Malie bes -nto obepond--Here
the females drop th. Oggs, during
Vbe-spawnBg' season) -uPon- -the
aat e ptani;e he--ey - -are
im-pregraed 1.-yhem male..
'-in steeking iponds, hree fo
males are calculated to two- males,
sometimes-twice-that number, per
a je Te, females,bear,.a. .great
nunber of. eggs as has been re
ma here, jat the smaller
only .are impregiated;
nL t.er do adi these come to life.
- :o liberal psLinmvte w-ill
ot egeed the .numnbei of from
800 to 1,000 young fishes to.one
ap voe; the aggregate per acre
amoun ting:to 'rm 4,00 to 5,00.
.t is. scarcely, possibig~ to say
what~ is the most desirable numn
ber:of milters an spawners for
stcking po4d& as. the views on
this subject .differ: widely in Eu
rope. .1 beL4eve, howeyv, the
above to be correct, and it is ac
ceted .as such by, all extensive
establishmnen ts. .- - --
hec abov -mentioned result will
5o nineb inore Ivo'rable iW the
di ruib, now untortu.naitely al*
rmost ~forgotten, i$serv&d to
feed the "carp whicb are ili the
pw ning.pi>nd, shditly before and
dring tbe isedn 3f'spaiw ing, so
as to prevent their seai-chinig for
food, whichjnei'ally leads theni
to eat'their'owh eggs. -. fter the
fih liave laid (li'ei&eggs, thbey maisp
similly be remn6ted fi'O the ponds,
w hihh revunts theTh - ting the
eggs'. - l'his .usfulroA forruerly
inch practiced in Europe, his un
fortunately falren irito dis'bse ; 'in
fact, itla halsist been forg6tten,
pcTbably because carp -natur'ally
ifexbase very fast. .By removing
the spawners three times as many
young fish are kept alive than by
leaving them in the spawning
ponds. On no account should too
great a quantity of young fish be
placed in a pond. Tho above-men-]
tioned number of 4.000 to 50
young fish to %he acre requires
w at er which is very rich in natural
food. If there are too many young
sh in the spawning-pond they
I row very slowly, as the pond
cannot produce th~e necessary
quantity of food. Sueb fish are
sarcey one to two' inches long
when they are one to two years
old ; only the head gro ss a little,
whilst the rest of the body re
mains small. As soon ais youing
fish feel the want of food for any
length of time, the gristle and
bone of the skeleton harden, thus
bringing its development to a
close, not aillowing nature fir
play, an~d the fish remains a crip
ple for the r-est of its life2, even if
it is placed in pouds afording u ti
limited supply of food. It is
therefore better either to place
fewer young fish in the ponds or
to make the ponds larger ; it will
be fo ,.1 to l. T'1 h () cou< fish
will grow rapigly ; their develop
ment wilf be bealtv. and even
during the first*year they wil
reach tie length of five to six
inches. Strong and healthy fish
can thus be placed in the (rowing
ponds, and here, tod, thef will
grow i-4idI'. If' "hee V e too
many youii ffsh for -tiie water
rea, it' is beft6r to place them in
s6m lake, b'rook;~Oi'Vor. 'On no
-ecount should they be kept in the
pond. - Begineers in earp-ealtnre
asnalty consider it -quite a sacrifice
te let so- many young -fish loose in
the open river or lake; they keep
them,:-and latr..they.-will-bitterly
regret their parsinaony, or rather 1
their-imprudenca, by having weak
or not-fally'devwoped-.-,h.
The-htching-pund should not
be -as large ais the breeding-pond
its. depth -noa -to -exceed 1'-or 1'
foot. ...T be o"ter -portion, or, as it
is- termed, tbe .low- watqr -in argin
should- generally -be :from two- to
five-- i!nehes. is -depthr. and-- from i
thirty-.- to forty- 'feet. in :widtb..4
Provision shoud be made. that I
Festucafluita*s: grow there- p lenti
fallv-for the frsh:es give the pref
eronee zto, tia plant-fot the depc- I
sitio of the-eggs, as-I -lefore ob-.
served, -Bt--th.-bottom of these
hutebing-pondsz-m4st, -be of sitmilar
ofstrluctiom to tbat ofthelarger
ones;;that.is, they must be provi
ded with ihe above-described - ca
itie,- or -kettles,- . colector- and
collector ditches. The 'collectors!
must be - clean-ed-from . .t-he mad i
evety: Spring; tby. n.eed .nat be
as deep in these ponds.as,they are
in such as are intended for t . re
ception of larger fishes a depth
of from four to five inches.only I
being required, for fishes otminor
size. Tbe.bathi.ng ponds have
outlets and reserve-sluices in tbe
dm, at the lower end or on the
sides, to guard against overflows.
These ponds must be secured
against , ea intrusion of pikes,
eels, bass,, catfishes, tritons, water
snakes, turtles and water..izards,
ats and water-fon ls, or any vora
ious animals, -an~d -in the South
the alligator. A. fine grating will
prevent the. entrance of the for
mer; against the latter various
traps are in use, and other means
might be devised- It is of the
bighest impi-tance "that ~ ne w
ponds be assiduously heyt clear- of
the -animals mentioriod, and of
niayoters not named here.
In small esfablishmnens,'embr c
ing- only 'few' acres, it sdill be
fonid ~vantageous in spite of the
sohlat -greater expense, if the
ponds (botih natural drid artificial),
either all or singly, aie surrounded
bf a:%ery close board fence, three
to four -feet high, and going four
toinihiee inito the ground.
SthI a foSnee will afford no pro.
tection against aquatic *birds,
water-snakes, and muskrats, but it
wirl ~e'xlude the snapping-turte,
the most dangerous and ioracious
enemy of-the fisti, wihis'mdre
t,b feared than either cranes or
otters. This' -deestabio acimal
has been knownr to- cfean 6 pord
of fsb,-and then, led b51tssense
of smeli, to follow the fish, going
even Up uphil[ against thbestreamn.
At night it seizes the fish, whieb,
not suspecting any danger, rsst at
the bottom, with its sharp fangs,
resembling shears, and kills them.
It is a peeuftarity of' carp to keep
at the bottom during the night,
and likewise during cold and
gloomy weather, and the snap
ping-turtle would there'fore have
many an opportunity of destroy
ingthem. Large iron fish hooks,
with a piece of meat fastened to
them as bait, wvill do good service,
it distributed in suitable places on
the banks. This should be don-e
from Spr-ing to October. The
pieces of meat should be of such a
size that even large carps (-an not
bite them ; they will then for-m a
most- attractive bait for the ugly
monsters. These books shoulId be
fastened with a strong brass wire,
as the sgapping turtle coual easily
bite through twine, and should be
inspected every day. inpn,
In placing spawuner-s inpns
great caution must be [practi':ed
in their selection, so that only
-eally healthy fiThes mai:y be in
trduce-d, and not such as are
atTected by fungus growths, the
gelatino us poilyp, or other disease.
In Europ the no1en in nartien
lar, has. -frequen1y- destr-oyed the
produetiveness of ponds for many
years.
The ncWrV-obtained- young fry
!C. left in - the hatching-ponds
during the Winter; after which
they are. to be. transferred to the
largcr-ponds.
The catching of the young fishes
rnust be done with great care,
isd the. water .-ust be drained
)ff through. the grated outlets
rery slowly, so that. no fishes
iiay remain in the mud, for it a
.CW hatcing operation is con
.emplated in the pond, tb new-i
atched fishes will be retarced in
heir growtL on account of the
iarciLy of food, this being con
u.med by any remaining larger
es. The young fishes must be
iandled~caref'ully, for the slightest
njury to the scales may cause
lisease and deat I h.
The breedLing ponds have the
aine constriicti6n as -Lih- batch
ngponds; they ~ha''e ~dams, -'e
otbtba nels. col
dutors, and ditcies irhe bottom.
rhe" onily diffsiPenice' is in boing
edper 'ahd Targei (hAn batchiig
56nds. Tlicy hat'b an avri'igd
kp-t 6f0ne-fdt nine inches,.and
,he width of their shallow borders
s 'from ~stdonty to eighty feet.
Pfh- 'kttles liave a depth of four
nd iA-haf feet- fron*the' surfdc
.heir borders are from six to eigh t
nebes deep. The growth of g-rass
ol1d also be advanced in these
4onds. In small ones of about four
)r six acres, the 'kettles' may
iave a length and width of sixty
r seventy feet.
Tbo stocking of the breeding
)ouds takes- place in Spring, irn
nediately after the emptying out
f the hatching ponds; it lasts
erom the latter part..o Mareb un
l AoiL.
From 800 to 1,000 breeding
ishes may be calculated to an
merican acre, 800 being the
verage. To cover possible risks,
[0 more may be added, as in the
~nost successful pond slight losses
~rto be expected.
In favorable ponds, where the
arp is left to seek its food, it will
hae-gained r weight of about 1t
)oIId irl the erisuing Autumn. In
small i nds; about onie acre in size,
where feeding is practiced, they
will weighi more.
In the southern countries of
Europe, in favorably situated
)ods, they. will sometonmes roeh
weight of 2 pounds in the same
space of time. .Thbis I.found to be
the ease in Southern France ; how.
ver, these favorable resulIts are
>nl attributable to the mildness
A the climate, and I doubt not
that proportionally. better resulte
may be arrived at in the South o1
this county
In p)onds. of smnal cap)aci:ty, in
which -no urisbing food is produced
in small quantities, the results of
reeding are not very encourag
ag.
An advantage will be gained in
t.he northern, colder countries, by
leaving. the -young es.he %wc
B.mmrs in the breeding ponds;
that. is, they are transferred to a
second, largcr one, and only fromr
this they pass into the culture oi
real carp-ponds. Thlis will an.
swer especially well if the bot.
torn of the pond is poor, or if
feeding has not the desired effect
This method is followed by
many competent culturists ir
Germany and Austria, who, in the
possession of extensive lande and
exelint numerous ponds, find il
to their advantage, as it ena.bles
them to place larger breeding.
fishes in the carp-pohds, and
though- this is done a wvhole yeai
later, the loss o)f time is compen
sated for by the large size of the
fishes produced in the carp-ponds.
In the Spring of the third yeai
those fishes which have been oUe
ear in the breeding-pond are
transferred to the carp-p')fds. the
costrutilon of which I have de
scribed before. Fishes having been
kept in the breeding-pond for one
Summer only, without being fed
will be found to weigh, at the ex
p)iration of that time. from l tc
1}- pounds, while those which re
mained there two Summers will
show a proportionally greater in
crease of weight. In South ert
n .I-~zr .a Croatia the fishe!
kept in tO breeding ponds om
one Summer casionally thrive
more fatvorabiy. Differenees iii
the ratio of weight are commonly
owing, as I observed before, to
cLimatic influence, and the great
est and most rapid increase will
be found in localities where there
is an early Spring, and where the
months of 'eptenber and October
are warm-; but partieilarly where
the niglhts are stil ald milA dur
ing Spring and -Autumn.
Breeding-ponds th-ould have - a
certain -number of fishes only
placed in them when they nre
stoeke.d, and that number should
never be ex-ceeded. -For the eul
turist it is important to bear in
mind that the vou-nger the -trans
fe-rable.. breeding-fishes are,- the
les.-expense theey will have caused
ad the sooner their money-value
may be realized. al -earyok weigh
ing 2i pounds and more being for
the market.
To stock a culture-pond of one
a.cre 400 to 500 carp, of one pound
in weigbt, will be required, and in
the followng year, or rather in
Autumn of the same year, when
the. fishes are taken out for the
warket, they will weigh, in a
good pond, 2, to 3 pounds each, or
about 1,200 to 2.000 pounds in the
aggregate. In - some localities on
ly 200 carp are taken to one acre
of American -quarc measure.;. in
other-places more.
.Pike are. frequently put into
carp-ponds. in Europe without re.
ducing the number of carp, one
pike being added to 25 or 30 of
tie former. This is an old prac
tice, which has been proved of
areat use by experience, assisting
through the effects exercised in
the improvement of culture-that
is, the favorable -progress of the
fishes. The carp is a very indolent
fish, which frequently reina-ins for
many hours in the same place at
the most favorable period for
feeding-namely, in.Summer. It
is aware of . the pike's voracity
and remains always cautiously at
a disiance from it. The introduc
tion of the pike is practiced for
two reasons: (1.) . That the carp
may not constantly remain in the
same feeding p)lace, but, frighten
ed away by the pike, may visit
others also ; (2.) It is d on e, an d
principally so, to prevent the
more mature carp from spawning;
should the spawning occur, as i
the case occasionally, the young
fry will devoured by the pikes,
which otherwise would have
deprived the large carps of their
food. The pike will also destroy
those fishes and their spawn
which had succeeded in getting
nto -the ponds. - without the
knowledge or through the ina
bility of the culturist to prevent
it. Great care is required im the
introduction of the pike; speci
mens of minor sizes than that of
the carp must be selected. Trbc
growth . of the pike being muei
more rapid than that of the ear)t
(300 per cent. per- annum), ta(
former should be younger by one
year at least than the latter, sc
that it may niot prove dangerous to
~the carp. If this precaution is
taken in the introduction of the
pike, it will be an actual boon tC
the carp colonies, for' it will not
only exterminate by degrees all
those parasitical tishes which in:
trude themselves into the ponds
but it will devour frogs or th4
smaller kinds of its own species
as wecll as water snakes and
tritons.
Should the pike suife.r for want
of~ food after havingr cleared th<
ponds of all these animals it must
e suppliedi withi it; small spoiler
fishes, or such as hzave been stuntec
in their g'row th, will answer tit
purpose. If this is neglected thC
hungry pike will attack its comi
pains the carps, and ( thiugh it
will not devour them. it will
mortally wound them with it:
teeth.
I have so far gi;'en the principi
traits of naturIal carip cuilture, aind
will speak mnore explicitly of the(
artificial impregnation and hatch.
ing of the car's eggs ini my nex
report. Sr. 1Zar as I kno'w, thlis
ltter method has been little, if at
all, employe'd ini Europe, alt bougi
it offers mutchI greater ad van:tages
P),. iho p-odo Ii of vast puan ti
ties of sparw Mv own vxi-I
mnts werei rewardled by thei be-t
results. 1 intend oritinui, tiem
this Summer in BalIimore. and
hope to co mm:1r'-ate ie ISltS
b ereafter. t
I now Prnoced to give af
ro!s of g1eneral i importance for
the Construction and ntnaorngmet
of carp- ponds.
The pondIs should have asl
low - a border as possible. T h1ir.
depth should be in accordaneuwith
their -ize. one foot in the culture
1or regular (!arp:)onds Irhere C large
fishes are kept ; one half foot in
breeding, and one-quarter to one
half foot in hatching ponds. The
birders should be of considerable
width ; it is desirable in any case
that a great number of'such shal
lows be- contrived in ponds. as
these -are the pnipIal feeding
places of the carp.
Another important condition to
considered is thtis, that the water
in ponds must -be of the same
depth all the year round, -any
variation in this having an in
jurions influence npon the fishes.
Ponds of smaller circumference.
of from ten -o fifteen acres, are
according to resnlts obtained.
better suit-od for car-P-Ctlture thaln
very larg e ones, 100 to 1,0f) acres
in extent. These are frequently
four!d in -cnt-Ul Eu,]rope upon
tracts of laid belonging to some
princely domain. In the former
the fish finds more security. the
bottom of the pond being smooth
er; it also suffers less from the
waves; these being high and rough
in large -ponds, becoming very
detrimentai to the spawn and
breeding tishes. especially during
storms, wliiun they are east ashore
and become the prey of water
fowls or perish in some other
man ner.
The dihinution of water by
evaporation must be- made up for
by a fresh supply ; this, however,
must not exceed the quantity ae
tually needed for maintenance of
the regular height of water. Small
p)On.ls of from one to fifty acres
area, which serve some commer
eial or industrial pur-pose. as mills,
etc.. anid which ar-e constantly
varying the height of theji- water,
carnnot be considered as favor-able
or reg-ular culture-p)onds. Al
though the dishes may grow to a
p)retty good size in them, they
must still be regarded as belong
ing to the category of waters for
'free fishing,' like lakes and
rivers. In these neither the
height of water, nor the batch
ing of the eggs, nor yet the in
erease of aquatic animals can be
regulated at will. Still, leaving
these waters to lie waste on this
account would be a pity, for if
Istocked with carp they will, in
spite of all disadvantages r-emun
crate the propiitor, and the
care which he bestows on them
will be a source of much pleasure.
II beg to make some remarks, in
concl usion, relat ive to the in tro
dulctioni of the carp and its in
ci-ease in open waters, in which it
is solely left to the care of nature,
and to which subject I alluded at
the commencement.
We introduce into our water-s
migrating fiShes, such as the dal
mon and shad, and tind it pr-ohta
ble for thel reason thiat they coni
sume but little food in the rivers.
growing up in the sea and ascend -
ing in to fresh water as larg'e
ishes. We also maintain in our
lakes white-fish, bass, pike, etc.
These are all fond of a nmal food
and belong, in part, to the class
of tishes of prey. The carp), oni
the contrary, lives upon vegeta
Ible food. insects. iarv-e. and
worms, but it n ever attacks other
ishes or their spawn i-.Il c-all be
rdneed' in masses and then be
r ia:.,ferred into theu watel-s de.
stbned for it s r-eception. Tihis e-aub
done0 either by~ artiticial imp)regnia
inan'd batchilg. or la Etne XX ny
of naturld increase .
'ue eaeb of these me.thiiJ tw~o
way of-~U actionu are ope-n:
Thea sawn canl be t ran5t'rred in
fr >m the egg ; r, (A-) the young
the m~fay be k ept' ill p.>nds for- a
se.o .)luntil therI haL\e lad t ime to
Ill tihe latter ease, Ktivu ule, that
- 1,e-s~ whieb aCte Ie cined iTr open
d, :s t; be a'tmuyv mhwed to.
(rps ;hieb have been used to
f imn in hat nianier wilI not
bo so -pt to find the f rd or
thouslvesi'bL. util thn. had
Sby hun,:eur. Lhey, wil loe the
fear of toir nemies and the co -
seI quet caionrneSs. faling1 an
easy prey t' ti he befre m:m ay
weeks wiI have eliapsed.
.lf artifiial feed.ing is not in
tnded. the pnnds fo' the recep
tion (Af the smal fiThes miust be
pIT)or1t 1) Iiately larger, so t hat.
they may find fidl in suicient
qua-titis 111 a natural way. Both
methods have their- advantages.
If the vounr fry is transferred in
t1 open water five or six days af
ter hatehing. there wiil be no
necesit v for he estabiing of
laigo ponds. A great numuiber of
egg mus It, ho()wever, be hn:he(MId
in thi case, for the smaill fishes
will be destroyed in vast numbers
by their eneies.
Tbe better method ot the two is
cortuily this: to keep the oung
fishes in lzarge ponds until the Fail,
when they will have reached the
age of five or six months. During
this time -hey will have had the
opportLuniLy to learn how to finc
their foo1. by their own effurts,
such poids producing it ,rotusely
to satisfy all their wants, and thus
they will be prepared for their
stay i open waters. To carry
through the latter method, a lar
ger exteut of water is required,
nature itse!f having indicated pre
cisely the conditions under which
and the limiLS in which the nat
ural and unimpaired growth of the
young fishes may be expected.
They do not require as exten
sive a pond during the first
months of their development and
'rowth. as those which have
reached a nore advanced age.
For this r,eason it wil be more
I dvantageous to choose the mid
die way by retaining the young
-ishes in the ponds for abont one
or- t wo months and then to give
them their liberty instead of trans
ferrin g them immediately after
the hatebing or keeping them for
five or six months. By acting
upon this suggestion, incalculable
advantage will be gained that the
fishues profit, by the rich food of
the open waters during the sea
son, and wil have grown strong
enough to fight. more successfully
for their exiSgeUce.. For this pur*
pose, establishimnenits ior art ificial
breeding;, constructed with a r
gard to the demands ot cliinate,
are e ssentiad v needfuli in these
open waters, so that the greatest
possible number of eggs may be
hatched.
in Europe the subject of stock -
ing open waters wvith the carp) has
been discussed, because there, in
its iative country, its excellent
adaptatiou for' thIiis pu rp)ose h
been recognized.
I ob'served. above that this iish
is fouUnd in' great num bers in most
of th e European rivers, particu
larily in the Rhine. Although
thsrvrhas a very s w:ftiue Ofl currdS~et
w hich attmsfrs ai ,hr
neither mud nor .suitable ground
is to be. found whnich would qual
ify thLee localities f->r feedinmg
cap ti1l, there are numbers of
haws anda small creeks, the
borders of which are richly over
grown with grass and Festuca
n'utans. where the tishes find iood
plienutful and mnultiply.
The riverI carp) is not :.s eh
as the pond-carp t; tis i., accoun1ted
1br by the great amount ofboh
exercise whibId it iS naturalv comn
peled( 0o tak:e. 1II Iluny places i
is. more~ hihly app1reciated than
the~ pund(-czarp. probaby because
the( ri\er water' do:es not impiart
to ~i th. miidyio taste whieb is
sometimeC. i),and with the carp)
inh abi tingi ponde situated in mar
sbv b>ealities andi morases wvhich
ha-:e not a .,ini:'ient sunply of
fresh water.
The asse rtioni in regard to the
preference given to tile river-earp)
will be found to e Uc(orret, ~S
pecial y in reg.ardl io the ivers
iUhine, Lbe, WVeser. \i-tia, Loire,
Rlhone, 'laronne. and the Danube.
The latter is celebrated in sonug
. astn.altif ul hiue Danube :in
A~YERT~i1! 7"iTEI
:-z-L. in 11 : .ova ll - i~ 1-, -;
per Iint%
a1l i,jr-v~. rd in I Y.
1)()\!-: %\*!'I \ E.XTNE!s~ ANTJ) IP (
TERMS CASH.
(Preater1 part, (f, Ile V~eU.% a crrav
i:sh-w hi to. inudd v col or, and a very
,t u rrelit. It has, bo%vErort.
ParticiflarIv ini Austria, Hunur-anv
Mid thec lowNinds in goenieral.
16Vh-jeh border n1po iut, nomerous
0'11"Ches 1,010h ic rep aloig 's11(g.
'41y, nd zi!so many small ereeks,
w I h ahnCS. ,I!r , anir t Water1.
A ~rTacnu;b r Of r6hc's Of prey
i:ihah1.Vc- -li ler te Pike, per~ch,
the rap",cilus illochu (Salmo huchj~),
*.1 ; . a?bo-,- al, thze ttever-s"-tisfied
W. 'hqs:ii) which- iu the
DOC'Ian]ub". reacle- aweCh.o
5'VIo p o u i,ds. Its habi-ts bein(r sinii
lar tri those .f the carp it lies on th.e
inud-baaks or feedingc-places of "this
fish and becomes its most danaerous
enueu-qy and in!aLlablc destroyer,'and
till tbc carp increases in the Danube.
Feum~ the city of Ulm, where this
rive,r beai.-s to be navigable. after iws
escape frowa the Black Forest, a thou -
,and miles downward to its mouth on'
the Black Sea, as also in this ooe, *Whe
-arp is found. To this fact allusion
has been made on a forwer occasioin.
The carn thrives best in thicke narts*
The i:~aui us votc'l a bore who
;~ .~ 1 ~ hc,u,t himself