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SPEECH
OF
HON. M. C. BUTLER
OF SOUTH CAROLINA,
In the Senate of the United States,
Thursday, Apri 28, 1881.
MR. PRESIDENT : I have had no
d:sposition to take part in this de
bate, and should have carried out
my purpose to remain silent but
for the most remarkable and un.
called-for pbilippic of the Senator
from Maine [Mr. Frye] and some
novel and extraordinaiy proposi.
tions of his republican colleagues,
which have made it necessary for
me to enter into a vindication of
my own course and to fulfill a
promise made to the honorable
Senator from Rhode Island. [Mr.
Bnrnside.]
It is not an agreeable duty-a
very ungracious duty-but never:
theless a duty ; and I shall en
deavor to discarge it fearlessly,
and with becoming consideratin
for the feelings of imy brother
Senators and a due regard for
those amenities of debate that
should always control us in this
high and dignified branch of the
national Legislature.- And if in
the beat of earnest discussion ]
should appear to transcend the
limits of parliamentary propriety
I trust it may not be regarded a
intentional or wanting in a pro.
per estimate of senatorial deco
rum.
Mr. President, on the 20th of
this month referring to some ob.
servation made by the Senator
from Maine, [Mr. Frye,] who I re.
gret very much is not in his seat,
in a colloquy between the hon.
orable Senator from Rhode Island
[Ur. Burnside] and myself, I used
the following language:
The Senator sat there and heard
tint tinaide; but when I rise and
a! tempt to vindicate myself, th(
Senator comes to the front and
deelares that whoever says ther(
was a bargain in this Chamb*r
has uttered a falsehood.
Mr. Burnside. Well, I do sa3
so yet.
Mr. Butler. I have made n<
such charge; but, Mr. President
it I do not demonstrate it by irre
fragable testimony I will resig
my seat in this Senate.
Again I said :
The Senator from Maine ar
raigned the entire South almost
he arraigned every Senator fron
the South, charging that we ar
here the representatives of State
that have repudiated their publi
obligation, as an excuse for some
thing that is being done in thi
1Senate.
Further on I said :
But Mr. President, I have bee
betrayed into saying a great dea
more than I intended when
rose. I repeat that at the prope
time if the remarks of the Ser
ator from Maine, in my judgmen
:shall require further notice at m
Shands as to what he may hav
said about my State and the cot
gdition of affairs down there,
Sshall t.ake occasion to ask the Sei
ate to hear moe in response ; br
-for the present I desire to repee
that that is not the issue. Th
real issue is whether or not a bai
gain has been made on this feoc
by which it is proposed on tI:
one part to take something whic
does not belong to the rcpublicu
caucus or the democratic cauct
or both combined in exchange ft
t.he' influence or the vote or tt
power of any man or set of me!
to wit, the officers of this Senat
They do not belong to us. The
belong to the sovereign people<
this country, and we control the'
in trust for the people and not 1
barter away for political power.
1 regret extremely that the Se
ator from Maine who saw fit
-make this arraignment of myse
and my associates, and my people
not in his seat ; [ regret that circut
stances will not permit me to pot
pone what I have to say, until b
return ; for I shall have somethit
tosay about him, and about E
D.IState, which I should prefer
Ihave him hear.
I said, Mr. President, that
,. made no charge of a bargain
the Senate, and I repeat it. I s
further that I wonid produce th
evidence which i. my judgmen
would go to establish beyond a
doubt that a bargain had bee
made; and in proceeding to d
that I wish it to be uuderstoo
that with the motives and pt;
poses and intentions of Senators
as individuals, I have nothing ti
do. I am not here to impeac
motives, to call in qtestion th
individual integrity and honest:
of Senators. The junior Senato
from Virginia [Mr. Mahone,] say
that 'no man can search the bt
man heart.' That is true. N
power but the power of Omnie
cience and Omnipotence ca
'search the human heart' and it
terpret its mysterious operations
but in making ordinances an
rules and regulations for the gov
ernment and protection of society
mankind provided that men wb(
are twenty-one years of age, whi
are sui juris, who are not unde
duress, should be held responsibli
for their acts as well as their at
terances. While I do not attemp
to 'search the human heart' an
determine what motives influene
Senators or gentlemen, I have th
right, and it is my duty as a Set
ator, to criticise, legitimately, th
public acts, the public votes, an
the public utterances of all Set
ators and all men who belong t
the public.
It is not my habit, it has neve
been my habit, to impugn the mr
tives or question the integrity <
any Senator; and while it is tru
that we cannot 'search the huma
heart,' how many human being
have been sent to the gallows an
to the State's prison for life upo
circumstantial evidence ! Ho
many of the greatest and mot
revolting crimes in history hav
been investigated and determine
upon circumstantial or presumf
tive evidence, when no eye sa
and no ear heard the actor con
mitting the crime! It is also tru
that there can be no crime witi
out intent. The presence of crin
inal intent is necessary to const
tute crime or wrong-doing, ba
mankind frequently determine
the character of the crime con
mitted or wrong done by the act
- of the individual, by circumstar
ces, by indirect evidence, not b
the plea of not guilty or the pri
testations of the acnsed or su
pected. It is not snfficient in tt
affsirs of this life, in a civilize
-country to meet a charge by tt
plea of not guilty and by tU
counter charges of falsehood ar
cowardice and slander and revol
tion and treason. No, sir, charg4
are not met in that way. TI
law demands something more su
istantial, and in the conduct
human affairs the interests of s
ciety are more exacting.
In the familiar illustration of
Iman who stands upon a house-t<
Sand recklessly throws a biile's
rwood upon a crowded street lt
low and kills one of the passer
by, w hom perhaps he had nev
seen .or heard of before, will
eavail for that man to come befo
a court of justice and say, 'I a
- not guilty ;' 'I never saw the d
-ceased ;' 'I h ad no malice again
thim,' (and malice is a necessa
tingredient to constitute murder
S'it is a cruel falsebood to char
me with murder.' This does n
rsatisfy society, it does not satis
ethe law made for the protecti,
hof society. So the law interven
nand says, 'Although you m
never have seen or known the<
rceased, you have a heart devoid
esocial duty and fatally bent
"mischief.' and the law impl
- malice from the reckless act
r hurling the billet of wood fr<
the house-top into the crowd
h ighway and destroying the I
0of the innocent. So there are
numerable examnples that I mig
use to illustrate the propo~siti<
that acts and circumsItane.~s',oi
astres 'speak loudter than word
atrewhen applied to politi
Saction and official life as to law
tr.orats or social duty.
IS repeat, I have nothing to
iIwith the motives of the-Sena
s from Virginia. I make no charl
t0against him. I have nothing l
the kindest feelings personally
Shim; but when he and his n
n political allies rise from their se
.i in tWi Senate und chare me w
e 'revolution and treason,' it is my
t duty, it becomes necessary for me
i1 in vindication of myself. to ac
3 count for the course that I am
o taking, and for the votes that I
d cast. If there has been nothing
improper, if there has been no po
1, litical arrangement by which the
) offices of the Senate are proposed
[ to be transferred from one party
e to 'ho other for an improper pur
r pos , then my conduct is unjusti
r fiable, but if I believe conscien
s tiously, from the evidence, not
- from my own say-so, that there
has been, it is my bounden and
r sworn duty to act accordingly and
3 prevent if I can by all constitu
tional and lawtul means the con
summation of that which I believe
I will bring trouble and disaster
upon this country and npon the
liberties of the people.
'Political bargains' may be es
tablished by circumstantial evi
r dence as well as crime. 'Political
a bargains' are sometimes made
by political parties and receive
t the assent of men who, as individ
I uals, would never think of con
a senting to them. Wlere party
a ambition, party exigency, the love
- of party power, become aroused
B and a line of policy is entered up
I on, every member of that party is
- swept along before its irresistible
a power, the honorable and the dis
honorable, the courageous and the
r cowards, the patriot and the dem
- agogue, the staesman and the
f time-server, and honorable men
a sometimes find themselves obey
i ing the behests of party dictation,
s involved in measures and policies
i against which their private judg
3 ment and feelings revolt. It will
v always be so, Mr. President, while
t party tyranny is so unrelenting
e and exacting, like the cyclone in
I nature, when it bursts from a
>- cloud and sweeps over the face of
v the earth, tearing up by the roots
i- the strong, sturdy monarch of Lhe
e forests, at the same time that it
i- carries before its whirling tempest
- the chaff and dry leaves of au
i- tumn. Many allowances should
t therefore be made. Many are
s made for the weakness of parti
- sans who are unwilling to brook
, the displeasure and cueounter the
- frowns of less iscruptilous party
y friends by resisting the uncon
scionable demands of party.
4- Bnt if when I propose to vindi
e cate myself and those with whom 1
d am aicting and to justify our offi
e cial conduct in this senatorial con
e test I am met with denunciation
d instead of facts, argument, and
- reason, the country will not be
as satisfied, the people will not be
e satisfied. I had never made any
b- charges upon the Senator from
yf Virginia, 1 had never charged
a- him with being a repudiationist, I
had nevei- charged him with
a treachery to the party that elect
>p ed him to the Senate, I had never
of charged him with a want of fidel
e- ity to his trusts ; and yet, in the
s- first utterance he made on this
3r floor, be takes occasion to arraign
it every democratic Senator who did
re not choose to admit that he was
m right in all that he was doing.
-,But, Mr. President, recurring,
at what is tbe evidence which dem
y onstrate s the existence of a 'po
;) litical bargain ?' What is that evi
e deuce ? W hat is that circumstan
ot tial presumptive evidence by
fy which it is proven ? Hundreds of
>n criminals have been sent to the
is, gallows and hanged until they
ywere dead with not one particle
le- of direct evidence as to the crime
of with which they were charged.
2n The power and force and efficacy
es of circumstantial evidence rur's
of through the entire civil and crim
in inal code of this and all civilized
ed countries, and it has been affirmed
ife by men learned in the law to be
in- in many cases the ve:-y strongest
bt and most conclusive and conrvine
,n, ing of all evidence. Now. what
eare the facets and circumstances,
;and the inevitable inferences and
:-'conclusions to be drawn from them,
or going to establish the truth of the
charges that have heen made ?
do Thbey may be grouped and formu
tor lated as follows:.
s First. The Senator from Vir
>ginia [Mr. Mahone] was elected
for to'the Senate by a democratic
ew constitrancy. as a democrat, and
ats Second. His purpose to vote
ith ' wi htrhe rennublic-ans was nevet
announced to the public until I
first vote in this Chamber
veloped that fact.
Third. Following close up
this -new departure' and tb
vote, was the assignment of t
Senator, by the republican cauci
to the chairmanship of an imp(
tint cnnimittee of this body.
Fourth. In a brief space of tit
followed the nomination by t
republican caucus of Mr. Ridd
berger, a democrat, his intima
personal and political friend, i
Sergeant-at-Arms, and the Ser
tor says he is responsible for tb
nomination.
Fifth. the nomination of 1
George C. Gorham for Secreta
Dt the Senate, the editor of t
republican organ in this city, w
bad earnestly espoused the Ser
or in his newspaper, although
the editor) is an uncompromisii
stalwart' republican, and the Se
3tor a 'better democrat than tL
Senator from Georgia,' [Hr. Hill
Sixth. The appointment, by t
enator, as clerk of his committ
Df the brother-in-law of said Go
ham.
Seventh. The nomination, I
the President, of the personal ai
political friends of the Senator
important Federal positions
Virginia, although the Senat
says, and they say, they are de;
ocrats.
Eighth. The President has n
appointed other democrats, t
political friends of any oth
democratic Senators in any oth
State, to important Federal po
Lions. '
Ninth. The Senator has vot
one hundred and twelve times,
to April 26, since he has been
member of the Senate, and eve
time with the republicans-nes
with the democrats-although
said in his speech, printed in t
Record on the 31st of March Ia
that '1 was elected to the Sens
of the United States to do tk
will, [meaning his constituent
not to a caucus to do its petty b
ding.
Tenth. By said votes the S
ator is carrying out the will of t
republican caucus as obedieni
as if he had never belonged
any other party.
Eleventh. He moved his s
from the democratic to the
publican side of the Chamber, a
appears to obey the dictation a
'bidding' of the republican cau<
and republican Senators as ab
lutely as if they con trolled his v
and sernatorial action.
T welfth. Tfhe republican cau<
and republican Senators have
fused to transact the business
which the Senate was conver
in extraordinary session until tk
shall have disorganized tbe Sen
and elected the friends of
Senator to the vacancies wh
they seek to create, thereby p~
lyzing the executive arm of
Government, preventing the r
per discharge of the public bi
ness, obstructing the wheels
the government-all this to
ward the Senator for his votes
for political power that his v
gives them.
Thirteenth. The Senator
claims to be a democrat, but vc
steadily with the republicans.
Fourteenth. The Senator avi
ed in his specbes that he 'is
custodian of~ his own democra
and yet .he has transferred
custody of it to the republi
caucus and votes its 'bidding.'~
Fifteenth. The action of
Senator and the republican car
in seeking to turn ont faitl
officers at an executive sessio:
the Senate and elect and ine
others, some of whom are
tried and inexperienced, is v
out precedent in the history
tbe Govern meut.
Sixteenth. Mr. Riddleberge
as hie avows, a -democrat' and
reconstrue ted ; a : readjuster'
repjudiationiist, and must there
be objectionable and offensiv(
republican Senators.
Seventeeth. Tlhe republican
ator from Ohio avows that '~
thing that will beat down
party- (the democratic) and L
Iup our own (the republican
justifiable in ra.rals and I
Corrupt bargains, perjury,
d.r Apiracy ranine, arson-rane
iis cendiarism-'anything' is 'justifi
le- able,' says that Senator.
Eighteenth. The same Senator
on and others of his caucus propose
at to buy our acquiescence in their
he crrrupt party policy by tendering
is, pay to the present democratic em
>r- ployes of the Senate until next
December, if we will allow the
no election of Riddleberger and Gor
be ham, and this, too, without the
e- semblance of law or right.
.e, Nineteenth. The Senator from
or Virginia and other republican Sen
a- ators have assailed the motives
at and questioned the official integri
ty of every democratic Senator
:r. on this floor, because they vote as
ry their conscience dictates; and we
.e have a right to assume that they
1o do this to divert the attention of
a- the country from this unnatural
3e alliance, and bolster up and give
g plausibility to an untenable and
n wrong position. .
le Twentieth. The Senator from
.] Virginia has said that be has
3e nothing to apologize for respect
ee ing his part in- the confederate
r- itarmy, is therefore, unreconstruct
ed, and the President of the United
>y States has said that he will shake
id hands with no man who has not
to expressed repentance for his sins
in of rebellion ; and there must,
or therefore, be some other reason
n- for the interchange of, political
and personal favors than political
ot affinity and personal regard.
be Twenty-first. The Senator from
er Virginia and some of his new po
er litical allies, instead of inviting in
si- vestigation of charges that have
been made, far and wide, of cor
ed rupt partices, seek to prevent on
3p this floor free speech and legiti
a mate discussion touching those
ry charges by threats and denuncia
er tion.
he Twenty-second. The reason as
be signed for this extraordinary
3t, coalition is that the Senator from
,te Virginia is in favor of a 'free bal
,ir lot and fair count' in Virginia;
3,] that it secures 'a free ballot and
id- fair count. Whereas there is no
evidence here or elsewhere that
in- the 'ballot' is not perfectly 'free'
be and count 'perfectly fair' in Vir
,ly ginia. The elections in that State
to are managed by three election
judges-one republican, one read
at juster, and one democrat-and if
re- these is not a free ballot and fair
nd count the fault lies with the re
nd publican and readjuster.
us Twenty-third. It has hereto
so f'ore been the unbroken, universal
il - ale and practice of the republi
cans to nominate none but repub
us licans for Sergeant-at-Arms, and
re- make none but republicans chair
~or men of the committees, when in
ed the majority, ekcept as to the
ey last, to give unimportant chair
ute manships to three of the oldest
.he democratic members of the Sen
ich ate. Trhey have never before
ra- made a democratic Senator chair
,he man of one of their important
ro- committees-in this case one who
iS has been recently sworn in-and
ofnever bfrhae the republican
re- caucus nominated for the impor
nfd tant position of Sergeant-at
ote Arms a democrat unreconstructed
and a repudiationist.
till
es Mr. President, it is said that
you want 'a free ballot and a fair
count' in the South ; you want to
the dissolve 'the solid South.' I hope
3-7' I may not be considered as indi
the vidually offensive to any republi
ean can Senator on that side when I
say a 'free ballot and a fair count'
the is the last thing that you want,
cus and I have only to turn to the re
iful cord of the last election to show
1 of how absolutely empty and unreal
tall that-claim is.
un- 'A free ballot and a fair count !
rith when the gallant democratic State
of which my distinguished friend on
my left [Mr. Voorhees] so ably
r is, represents in part on this floor
un- was colonized with colored voters
or from the Southb im mediately pre
Fore ceding the last election to nullify
to neutralize the democratic vote of
that State. A 'free ballot and a
sen- fair count!' when you sent your
mny- emissaries into Indiana with
that bags of money, and they camped
aild upon that State prepared to buy
) is: every venal voter who offered
aw.'; himself for sale ; when you spent
nur- millions all over the country buy
in. ing snfrages and corrnnting thi
suffragans when your powerful cor
porations and monopolie- coerced
their employes, dependent upoi:
them for their daily bread, to vot(e
their will and their bidding, and
made a travesty and mockery ol
free elections. 'A free ballot and
a fair count!' If I do notsbow a.
to Maine before I get through that
such a thing as a 'free ballot and a
fair count' is scarcely known
there, then I shall be more mis
taken in the effect of evidence
than I have ever been before in
my life.
The Senator from Virginia said
in his speech:
The desire of our people for cor
dial relations with all sections of
a common country and the people
of all the States of the Union,
their devotion to popular educa
tion, their efforts for the free en
joyment of a priceless suffrage
and an honest count of ballots,
their determination to make Vir
ginia, in the public belief, a de
sirable home for all men, wher
ever their birthplace, shatever
their opinions, and to open her
fields and her mines to enter
prise and capital, and to stay the
retrograde movement of years, so
as to bring her back from the fit
teenth in grade to her original
position among the first in the
sizterhood of States, forbid that
my action here should be controll
ed or influenced by a caucus whose
party has waged war upon my
constituccy and where party
success is held paramount to what
I conceive to be the interests of
Virginia and the welfare of the
whole country.
He asks a blessing for Virginia
He will pardon me for saying
that 'the voice is Jacob's voice,
but the hand is the band of tsau.'
I think I hear the republican par
ty coming to him, and in the lan
guage of Rebekah to her son, ex
claiming, 'Upon me be thy curse,
my son only obey my voice, and
go fetch me them.' The republi
can party says this to the Sena
ator and the Senator responds for
Virginia with 'the voice of Jacob,
but with the 'hand of Esau.' He
says that he is called upon to de
fend Virginia from those who at
tack her and ought to have been
her defenders. I have never at
tacked Virginia; I could not find
t in my heart to attack that
State. I have seen her fair bosom
rent and torn by the rough plow
share ot war. I have seen too
much of the uncomplaining, un
flagging devotion of her fair and
beautiful daughters, and splendid
gallantry and daring genius of her
peerless sons. I have received
too much of kindness and hospi
tality and consideration at thei,
hands to attack Virginia, and
have given some evidence at leia1
of my desire to defend her by tak
ing the chances of death upon hei
beautiful hills and classic fields
and so has the Senator. I havy
made no attack upon that oi<
State. My own blood is mingle<
with her dust, and I would ai
soon .think of attacking the grave
yards of my own dead as to at
tack her. If I had any inclinatio:
to attack anybody in Virginia
it would be thoac of her son
whose course, I believe, is bring
ing dishonor and degradation up
on her. If I had any dispositioe
to attack 'the old mother of Statei
or her sons, or any of her people
it would be those who are askin
blessings in her name and receiv.
ing themn for themselves. I hav
not only not attacked Virginit
but I have attacked none of he
sons. .But I am not content as
southern Senator to permit he
junior Senator, or any other Sen
ator, to impugn my motives an'
asperse my integrity because
see fit to vote as my. inclination
dictate in this body.
* * * * * *
And now I crave the indulgence <
the Senate while I discuss anothe
matter. The Senator from Main
apologized for the remarks he madei
.this Chamber upon the ground the
he was a new member here, 'th
youngest Senator,' I believe he said
and then proceeded to read us all
lecture on this side of the Chambei
assailed our civilization, arraigned on
people, attacked our habits an
methods of life, -denounced our po,
itias morale, and customs.
He arraigced my State. He said
we did nout have -a free ballot and a -g
fair count,' and he used this unfor
tunate expression:
Ah, it is easy to shoot labor when
it has been ground down for a h"n
dred years by slavery.
He said that the civilization of the
South was founded upon barbarism,
and the civilization of the North
(weaning I suppose New England)
was founded upon the Bible,'aud the
school-book, &c.; that there were two
civilizations in this country; there
had been an 'irrepressible confict' be
tween slave labor and free labor,
and he arraigned the entire Sonth
for her 'barbarism' and want of.,
civilization; that we had been con.
quered; and he rattled the raw-heaa
and bloody-bones of war and famine.
and revolution at us with terrible
significance. So far as my own State
is concerned I would simply eaXthis -
She needs no defense at my hands
Her records under democratic govern
ment answer the calamnies against
her and I confidently refer to them
I wish I had time to run through the
catalogue of crimes under the ruleof
his friends in that State from 1868 to
1876. I could show her debt in
creased from about five to twenty
million dollars; taxes amounting
to about ten millions more wrung
from impoverished people, stoleu,,
squandered, wasted; race confliets
riots, lawlessness, ballot-box stiff
ing, crime, confusion, disorder, an
archy ; public oficeials holding" dh -'71
carnival in debauchery, profligacy,
robbery, conspiracy. I could show all
this. I could show that in one year
the republican Legislature .pent foi
public printing $385,000. The dew"
ocratic Legislature spent only $6,178
for the same purpose. The republi #'
can Legislature spent for legislative
expenses in one year $1,533,574, and -W
in four years $4,187,573'. The dem
ocratic administration for the sawe
purpose spent in one year but $84;
096, and so on through the list. But
I have not the time.
Now, under democratic rule the
expenses for the public service are re
duded to the minimum of economy
and are about one-fourth of the raai
cal expenses. Peace, quiet, order,
prosperity, progress, good feeling pre
vail throughout the State.
The Senator would invite us to,
another republican feast like the one,
which broke up in confusion, terror,
flight, in 1876. I shall decline the
invitation. The whole people of the '
State decline, except the vampires who
fattened (and fled) on the vulgar
vian ds of radical debauchery. No,
sir, we want no more of it, and we will
not have it. I refer the Senator to
any twenty of the most respectable,
intellhgent, patriotic republicesa m
. that State, ay to any 20,000, and let
him ask them if they would have the '
State remanded to republican hssda
-uch as controlled it in the Elush days
o f radical rule. Let him~ ask them if
it would be a good thing for them, for
, te State, for the whole country, to
exchange the present democratic gov- -
ver-nment for any that the republi-'
i cants could organize. -By their answer
s I will abide, and this is my answer to
- his assault upon South Carolina.
* * *- * * *
And is this eternal, everlasting, in
,satiate, insatiable, crusade upon the
a South never to stop ? If secession
- was a crime and a mistake, oh, how
- egregiously has the South suffered for
3 it ! If maintaining slavery in her
'midst was a crime, how the revenges
,of time have settled with her for it
SIs there then never to be a cessation,R
- a stop to tantalizing, misrepresenting,
0 calumniating a people who have had
a problem to deal with that no people
r have ever had since civilization dawn.
a ed on the earth-such a problem, I
r say, as no people have ever had to -
- solve. They have been and are doing
d the best they can to solve it, fairly
1 and honestly and truthfully, and in
5 accordance with that love of consti
tutional liberty and republican free.
dom which was born with them. It -
fseems to me that, instead of helpiing
r us to solfe it, the republican pe.-ty
e have thrown obstacles in our way, and
n then curse and anathematize and
t abuse and misrepresent us -because we
e act with the northern democracy. In
, all those dark days, in all those days
a of terror and sufferihig and wrongr,
, that the Anglo-Sax'on race of the
r jSouth was subjecte.1 to, not a word of
di kindness, not an expression of re
|- lief, not a whisper of symp::thy
did we ~et from anybody at the