University of South Carolina Libraries
ans, rbru ~must4vlb FEBRUARY. SIMI T Wl TI F. S - X 21 3i 41 51 6 7' ., 1O 11 12|13 17118 19 :.20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 HINTS FOR THE FARMERS THE CULTIVATION OF CLOVER-IT VALUE AS A SOUTHERN CROP. An Essay Read before the State A9 ricaltural and Mechanical Societ by Mr. S. C. Mear s, of Spartan burg. Although clover as a forage cro] has received some attention fror the pens of a few writers througl the different agricultural journalq yet the great mass of Southeri farmers appear to be both ignoran of its value as well as the best meth od of cultivating it. Having hai six years of experience in the cul tivation of clover, and having sow] upon different characters of soil a different seasons of the year, an< in different ways, your writer wil endeavor as concisely as possibl< to give the result of his experience and if possible indicate what t himself has proven the most sue cessful method. The following or der of treating the subject will b, adoptel. The seed, soil and its pre paration; time and method of sow ing; manures used; its value a feed for stock; its value as ai agent for improving lands, and it: importance under the present con dition of things as an economica supplement to the grain crops o the South. First, care should be taken in th, selection of seed so as to get then as pure as possible. It is some times the case that noxious weed: and grasses aie introduced wit] the clover seed, which are difficall to eradicate. It would be well t< deal only with the most reliable seed merchants, and when nan unmixei and an unadulterated article is se cured each farmer should gathei his own seed. This can be doni (though rudely) by cutting what i; known as the second crop, when the seed have ful!y ripened, and run ning through a common grail thresher and winnowing. The straw, though not so nutritious when cut at so late a period, will yet repay the care and labor os saving, as cattle will eat it greedily during the winter and be muel benefitted. Whoever sows clover upon a poor soil unaided by fertilizers, no mat ter to what class of soils it belongs, nor what may be its mechanical cindition, will certainly find that his time and labor have been thrown away. Any soil that rests upon a stiff clay sub -soil, within a reasona ble distance from the surface, may be made to produce good crops of clover by proper manuring and draining if necessary. The best results have been obtained from stiff clay soils, (the less sand the better,) well manured. The soil should be well and deeply broken w i t h narrow, diamond-pointed ploughs, and the surface as thor oughly pulverized as possible. If large clods should be thrown un, a hecavy two-house roller should fol low ; but if the laxnd is just in the right condition and breaks well, the roller need not be used until after the seed atnd manure have been harrowed in. It is often the case that we find what is known in wet weather as sprouty places. These should be well drained (under-draining is best) to prevent the severe freezes of winter from throwing out the elover, as it will be sure to do, no matter bow well it may be estab lished in the soil, previous to the freeze. It is best that the land should have been clean!y cultiva ted for two or more years previous to putting down to clover, and thus avoid as far as possible those pests, crabgrass, ragweeds, &c., which some persons claim to be an advan tage as they shade and protect the clover from the sun, but which ac cording to my experience choke down and destroy it. Immediately after the soil is prepared (which should be done in .September) the manure should be broadcast, also the clover seed at the rate of twelve or fifteen pounds per acre, then harrowed in and rolled. A c-ompound of one hundred pounds each of Peruvian guano, dissolved bone or acid phosphate, and land j.nter. would be sufficient to give the plant a vigorous growth, and sto so establish it as to resist the int freezes of winter. Stable manure, I cotton seed, ashes, lime, and in ma fine ahnos: anything that tends to enrich the soil, uill be found to be a POc beneficial to clover. tinm A less amount of seed might be used if they were all perfect and dre equally distributed, but practically dol we find th.t fifteen pounds is not to too much, as the great desidera- No tum is to secure a good "catch." cos Again, when the clover is thickly Ian "set" upon the soil, the yield will cro We be greater and the stalk smaller, gra consequently it -,ill "cure" better not and make better hay It has been mu the practice of some persons to mi mu the seed with ashes, lime, sand or nut some other divisor in order to sow ref regularly, but I have found that nul any one accustomed to sowing small of, grain well can soon learn to dis- bu tribute clover seed regularly and hal equally and without other aid. It hal would be well to select a quiet time bal - when the wind is not blowing for tw sowing the seed. Farquhar's iron- val toothed, expanding harrow is ad- ca' o CIO p mirably adapted to the work OI L a -oulverizieg the soil and turning in i the seed and fertilizer. A simple ha , roller can be constructed by insert- lan ing in the ends of a section of a car t log, four or six feet in length by c - one and a half to two feet in diam an I eter, gudgeons, to which shafts or a tw - tongue can be attached as the power al 2 to overcome the obstinacy of the bu t clods may be found necessary. All fer I good gardeners are aware of the Sir I necessity of compacting the soil in upon small seeds in order to pro- 0 duce simultaneous and perfect ger- Co m mination. The same rale is appli- ho - cable to clover. ral i Clover seed can often be har irowed in, or othei: small grain, in gr< - February or Ma:ch, with good re- ott - sults-or it would yet be better, if , s not down until then. to sow it alone. val 1 When sown in the spring, or other tap small grain, its growth is dwarfed tw - by the superior growth of the other, the I and when the other is cut off, a tot f sickly growth of clover, unused to pa the sun, is left to dwindle and die ren under the influence of a hot har- ed -peculiarly favorable-even then un- tre drthe most favorable circum stances the grasses and weeds have an equal, if not a better start thtan g* the clover, and will retard its dr growth, if not endanger its exist- an ence. i .Clover sown in September with- up' -out any otber grain will giea sul good yield the following spring, ap and if intended for hay should never be p)astured at any time.go IIn most sections of the South eb8 clover is not needed as a pasture, t as the wild clover and broomusedge ced upon our "old fields" afford the foil best pasture (everything c-onsid- wi cred) we can possibly bave. A inc top-dressing in early spring, such cre as was harrowed in with the seed, wi will be found to pay well. Twelve clo or fifteen bushels of lime per acre, val broadcast on a well-established tha clover sod in the fall, will procure f"y remar kable results. Lime, besides ta being one of the most important due constituents of the plant, will soak tha wihterains through the soil,act- sup ing mechanically in decomposing mg~ the organic, and in disintegrating pro much of the inert, inorganic mat- and ter and preparing it foIln od l Whist andplaster is considered I the specific manure, and is cei tain. of ly valuable, yet I have never ob- COf" tained such results from its use as in t is generally attributed to it, and would not rely on it alone to se- se cure a good crop. One bushel pric per acre, broadcast on the field less *not long after a crop is taken off, selv :&iSO in ear-ly spr-ing, just as the geni plant is beginning a lively growth, iall-c will be found very beaufticial. Sha( liarvesting a crop of clover is to s very simple and cheap, when Cot pr-operly pi-epared for it. A two-en horse mower, one-horse rake aud tool lour h-an'ls can easily cut, rake ger and throw into hay-cocks the crop a Ih of six acres in one day, leaving by theaviesting and housing' as the tion hevistpart of the work. Im- to f plements have been invented for nieai facilitating the hauling and hous- ket~ ing, (making the work a light of one.) and will be usedl here when at ji *we get to raising clover more ex- der tensively. When clover is pre- pr pared and wilted, it should then stor be raked and thrown up into hay- ah cocks, to remain about two days, awa when it will be ready for housing. the Of course the weather should, tof tI a great extent, control its manipu lation. Of that each one must be so his own judge. But it will be rais said ',bat every one cannot buy ato mower and horse rake. This ob,- naa jection can be easily met by carry- afte iny out the fundamental principlecr of the Patrons of Husbandry-co- the operation. One mower and rake ly a can easily save a dozen or more to h fair crops of clover per annum, and tive the expense upon each would be clot trifling. Tb uniting togeth- be er in the pur ~, quite a number feed of farmers, at a small cost, would jcott have the benefit of these great Ia- yet bor-saving implements.oft The value of clover as feed for the ,k depends not only upon its -insic worth per se, but the cost ,rowing, harvesting, &c.. enter ,erially into the calcnlation. application of the compound uadv given upon a-A acre Of r land in September, at the e of sowing, with the same re ted early in spring as a top ssing, will at a cost of twenty lars give from one and a half ,wo tons of hay at one cutting. account will be taken of the t of preparing and sowing the d, working and gathering the p, as compared with other in crops, as the difference is very great, except with corn, en the cost of the latter is ch greater. omo idea can be formed of the ritive value ofclover bay by -rrin. to Bossingault's table of ritive equivalents, who makes ton of the hay worth forty hels of oats, twenty-four and a f of wheat, twenty-four and a f of corn, twenty-five and a f of rye, and twenty-six and )-thirds of barley. The market ue of these articles will indi e the real value of one ton of ver hay. sow this is but little over the f of one crop from an acre of w land, at a cost of twenty dol s in fiertilizers. A second crop be had the same year and irly equal in quantity and value, I the same amount realized for > years more without addition >reparation or sowing and with a moderate expenditure for tilizers as a top-dressing. iilar treatment of land, already ,ood heart..will be attended with )d results much more favorable. ver is a valuable feed for -ses, cattle and hogs, but 's es. iaiiy so for work animals, con ing, as it does, so much of the h-forming principles. As a en manure, perhaps there is no er crop so valuable-certainly ie possessing so many other unble qualities. Having a long -root. penetrating the soil from lave to eighteen inches in depth, sub-soil which has never been ched by the plough-point is -tially under-drained by being dered more porous and warm by a freer circulation of air, ilst it is forced to yield its rich asures for ages unused. At the ao time the leaf is drawing ru the air (the source of all or lie manures) fabulous amounts ~he elements of fertility. Thus twing from the air the organic, I from the sub-soil the inorgan nanures and assimilating them, >n decay, restore them to the -face soil where they are easily >ropriated by succeeding crops. 'he cost, therefore, of producing a d crop of clover should not be rged alone to the clover, because value of the land is greatly enhan ,and the yield of other crops that >W vaWty increased. The cost, m properly divided between the -eased value of the land and the in tsed production of succeeding crops, be very small indeed upon the ~er when compared with its real te. I have no hesitancy in saying t.hrge facts can be established in r of clover-that it is the most cer. crop we can raise, that it will pro e more feed for stock at less east 2 any other crop, and that it is far 3rior to any other crop as a fertiliz agent. Whilst I feel equal to the >f of these assertions, yet the time occasion will not allow the discus in detail. -ssuming, then, that our estimate lover is correct, we come fnally to ;ider the influence it should have he future of the South. Unfortu ily for the Southern people, cotton is to have demanded, remunerating es, and all have gone into it reck y, hoping thereby to lift them es from the mire into which the ~ral wreck ha:s thrown them. The otton system, under this Upas le of government, has tended only ok thema deeper in the mire aon field laborers as rulers infnu ed by their willing and thievish s, commonly krown as carpet-bag and scalawags, and backed by ~stile National Government, have, heir boasted system of confisea and by taxation, so arranged it as iake the production of cotton cost ly all that it is worth in the mar whilst a very co)nsiderable portion ie supplies used must be bought rst as much loss as they cost. Un this system the cotton planter ecr (unless he has set up a little to catch his neighbor's cotton ) has found himself frittering 7', gradually though constantly, little that was left from the wreck ic war. .change is therefore needed-a athing that is more economically ~d than cotton and more difficult onvert to another's use in order to e the farm self-sustaining, and, e this, cotton only as a market and the exponent of our clear its. Our great want is to procure prime necessaries of life as cheap s possible, and at the same time old up our lands to a high produe eapacity. A judicious shift with er can alone dou this--through this icy (if any) must our lost fortune edeemed. With clover as a cheap crop and a cheap fertilizer, and >n as a market crop, something may be accomplished with negro labor, igh under the baneful guidance lose disinterested philanthropists, crneather and scalawag. C61umbia Jde -- R. & W.C COLUMBI Are now opening the largest, stock of READY-MADE IATS AND GENTS' F That can be found in the City. IN OUR CUSTOM W e have a full line of FOREI SIMERES and VESTINGS, v der in the best manner, and gu All orders will have best att Goods sent C. 0. D., subject JOHN C. DIAL, COLUMBIA, S. C. DEA.KR IN Lime, Cement, Plaster, Hair, Laths, Locks, Hinges. Nails, Brad, White Leads and Colored Paints, Varnishes, Brushes, Paint Oils, Glass, Putty, &c. s All goods warranted as represented, and. I prices guaranteed as low as any house in 8 this city for same quality of goods. Nov. 4, 44-OAw. FALL AND WINTER d CLOTIM AND lATS, ANU) MENS' FURNISHING GOODS. KINARD & WILEY, COLUMBIA, S. C., r R;Ls peg tf,,lly anno1unce thut their stoek of11 C LOTHIs ant HATS is complete, and will I be kept so through the season; is the larest in the city, and will be sold at LOWVET PRICES. HATS HATS HATS WOOL IN FELT SILK V 50e. up to $8.00. Scarlet Shirts and Drawers f in Silk and Merino. Boys' and Youths' Clothing, New Styles. Fashionable Cut. C Business Suits, $6, $8, $10, $12, $15, and up to $80. ' SUIRTS. SCARFS. GLOVES. BRACES, SUS. d PENDERS, TRUNKS, VALISES. SILK U-NIBICELLAS. and GINGHAM, in great varieties, LOW IN PRICE. Oct. 21, 42-tf. JOHN C. DIAL, Direct Importer and Dealer in HAD WARE,' COLUMBIA, S. C., Has the largest variety of HARDWARlE to b.- found in the State. Call or send or dets and be convinced. Prices and quality of goods guaranteed. Orders accompanied with cash or satis factory referer,ces, will have prompt atten tion. Nov. 4, 44-3m. Seegers' vs. Cincinnati .Beer. The Cincinnati Gazette makes the aston ishing announcement that Cincinnati beer is no longer pure, but adulterated with mo lasses, sugar of starch, fusel oil arid the poisonous coichicumt. The Commissioner of Agriculture, in his report for 1865, says that Prof. Mapes, of New York, analyzed the beer from a dozen different breweries, and found all of it adulterated. Cocculus Indieus and ntux votwica entered largely in to its composition. J. C. SEEGERS guarantees his beer to be pure and reliable. He. does noL adulterate it, but brews from the best barley, mialt and hops. Feb. 4, 5-tf. JOHN C. DIAL,' COLUMBIA, S. C., Hia a full stock of Building Materiel, Catrpenters', Blacksmiths', Masons' and Tan ners' Tools. All goods warranted as represented. Prices as low as the lowest for good goods. Orders with the cash, or satisfactory re ferences, promptly attended to. Nov. 4, 44-3mt. M. GOLD'-MIH P. hIND. jCOLUMBIA, S. C. GOLDIMITIl & KIND. Have always on hand Stationary Steam Engines and Boilers for Saw Mills, Etc., SAW AND GRIST MILLS, Cotton Presses, Gearing, Shafting, Pn11ies, Etc. CASTINGS of (every kind In Iron or Brass. t We guaraintee to furnish Engines and 15olers of us good quality and power, and at as low rates as can be had in the North. We manufacture, also, the GADD)Y IM PROVEI) WATEII WHEEL. which we re commeindl for power. sirmplicity of construe tIon, durability and cheapness. We warrant our work, and assure prompt ness and dilspatch in illing orders. GOLDSMITH A KIND), .Jan. 14, 2-t f. Columbia, S. C. THE FALL SESSION OF THEI NEWBERRY FEMALE ACADEMY! WILL COMMENCE ON THE 16TH SEPT. A. P. PIFER, A. M., Principal, WITH COMPETENT ASSISTANTS. The advantages afforded by this institu- (I tion for a thorough and complete educa tion, are second to no other in the State, while the re Tuition is low, viz: from 812.50 to $22.50 in advance, or on satisfactory securities. Boarding in private families at moderate rates. For further particulars enquire of the fu Secretary of the Board, Mr. S. P. Boozer, or of A. P. PIFER, July 29, SO-tf. APrincipal. '/ erisemenats. WINTER 1870. 3WAFFIELD, A, S. C., most elegant and stylish CLOTHING, [RNISHING GOODS, DEPARTMENT GN and DOMESTIC C AS vhich we are making to or arantee satisfaction. ,ntion. to inspection. Sep...,: itationery aud Binding. iff STITIONERY ilOUSE. E. R. STOKES HAS just opened, in the new and hand )me buildiug immediately opposite the 'benix otlice, on Main street, a complete tock of ST A T IONERY, omprising Letter, Cap and Note Paper, of I sizes, qualities awl of every descrip:ion; 'lat Papers of Cap, 1Demy, Donble-Cup, Me ium, Royal, Super-Royal, arid Imperial zes, which will be sold in any quantity, or ninufac,ured into Blank Books of ny air.e, nd ruled to aiy pattern, and bound in any tyle, at short notice. ENVELOPES n endless variety-all sizes, colors and qualIl es. BLANK BOOKS if every variezy, Memorandum and Pass looks, Pocket Books, Invoice arid Letter looks, Rcceipt Books. Note Books. ARCHIEUS and 1)RAUGHTSMEN will tid a coniplc:c stock of materials for their se. Drawing Paper, in sheets and rolls, ristol Boards, Postal Paper and Boards, Oil aper Pencils, Water Colors, in enkes and oxes,irushes, Crayons, Drawing Pens. SCHOOL STATIONERY f every description; a great variety of con enient and useful articles for both reachers ad Pupils. A130, Photograh Albums, Writing Desks, Port >ios, Cabas, with boxes, and a countless ariety of FANCY ARTICLES. Alse, i most elegant stock of Gold Pens nd Pencil Cases, superbly-mounted Rnbber Soods. INKS. Black, Blue, Violet and Carmine, Indelible nd Copying; Mucilage; Chess and Back ammon Men arid Boards: Visiting and Wed ing Cards, and everything usually kept in a 'irst Class Stationery House, hich the subscriber intends this shall be. He will still conduct his BINDERY and LANK BOOK MANUFACTORY and PA ER-RULING ESTABLISHMENT, which as been in successful operation for over iirty years in this State, and to which he ill continue to devote his own personal at ntion. His stock will be kept up fall and mpete, and his prices will be found always !asonable, and he hopes to have a share of atronage. E. R. SToKES, Main Street, Nov. 15, 46-tf Opposite Phcenix Office. ESTABUSHtC.1832. lNos. 3 Broad Street and 109 East Bay Street, I CHARLESTON, S. C. STATIQNERS RS - FIRST-CLAss WORK OUR SPECIALTY, YET, BY USINo CHE~APERL GnAD)E< OF T(\K. WE CAN Ft'RNIsH WOIIK A 2 LOWEST LIVING PRICES. FINE FASMI1tAB[E STATONEBY, Piries Paper and Envelopes. wedding and Qall Invitations ON THE BEST sTocK AND PRINTED N IHE LATEST STYLE. Sep. 9, '74-3l6-1y. Stoves, Tin Wlare, St. ~TOES, TIN W11R, &t? (5UCCESS01t TO W. T. W RIGIIT. Repecfully informs the citizer,s of New 'rr, that he has bought out the, entire ock or \r. W. T. Wright, and havinrg ade Large Additions the same is prepared to supply all de ands At Low Prices for Cash. He keeps on hand every kind of tove, Cooking, Parlor and Office, d all other artic-les in the tin line, and is epard to execute all kinds of repairing. Guttering and Roofir.g tended to promptly. An examination of stock, and orders for ork solicited. L,. H. RED)US, Agent. NEW SADDLE AND IARNESS SHOP. i store formierly occupied by Webb, Jones A Parker.) Saddles, Bridles, Harness, &c., made and paired. Hides bought and exchanged for goods. ordrs promptly filled. Work guaranteed, A share of public patronage is respect ly solicited. Jo. 4t. N. BASS. Iedicnes. T UTTS V E -ETABLE J VER PILL! A mild aperient andigentle purgative, re commended forthe cure o. all der&ransgetents of the -tomacli. liver anil bowels. By their tiniely use much sickness is prevented. The test OfMan Ve:r IJILVe proven them to be the saft-st, surest and best of all the pills ever otTereil to the public. They lurify the I blood, reimove all Corruptions al reztore the d iSeIS eI system to perfeCt health. As an Antidote to Chills and Fever t hey have no equal. For Sick Headache and Bilious Colic thy area sue -cure. For Constipation, Rheu matism, Piles, Palpitation of the Heart, Pain in the Side, Back and Loins, Nervousnew, a plositive reuedy. For Female Irregularities, without a rival. When one does not "feel very well." a single dose stimulates the sto mach and bowels. restores the appetite. tnid imparts vigor to the system. Sold every where. Ottice, I-Murray Street, New York. Dr. Tutt's Hair Dye Is easily applied. ihparts a beatitiful black or. brown. and acts like magic. The best in thie worbll. so]1 Iy all <ruggists. Price, $1.10 a box. The ghastly record of deaths ihat revuilt from pilnonary aTeet ions is frightf-il. There i. io lisease that is so insiIuous in it.s attack s consunption. By tIe neglect of "slight colds'tiev soon become deep sented and delr mele which, if-applicd at thle ouit. et, would ihave averte4l all danlger. Dr. Tot t*. Expietorit lias proven itselrthe most valuable Lung ilalsam ever discovered. A distinguished clergyman of New York, pro-i nII Iu nces it I he cgeatest blessiI of I the ti ie teenth century." and says "no family slhold be v.itiolt it." It is plekasant to the taste, a single dose will olten remove thi most obstilnate cough. Ofice. l slurray Street. New York. Apr. 1, S-7y. SIMMONS' HEPATIC COMPOUND OR LIVER CURE Is pronotin,-ed by Dr. C A. Simmons, who was the loriier proprietor tif Sitnimon ' Livor HgUlator. as being far superior to tny Liver Medicine now oIered the Iub)lic. It has at large cirCuLatioi and is still gaining gromnd. Althouitght this is a ne4w prepara tion we nTihesitatingly say we can produce ;Is good! certilleates lrom as .;ood men as our lai Cm tirnislh. This Medicine ;I now for sale at Manufae turl--n raItes by DR. W. F. PRATT, P, S %li Agent for tli. place. & E. L. KING & SONS, 1 I MANI'FACTII-'tS AND l'ROPRIETORIS, COLUMBIA, S. C. DR. H. BAER, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGGIST, NO. 131 MEETING STREET, CHARLESTON, S. C. May 2, 18-tf. __ Photography. -COME ON FORALLTAINGS ARE NOW READY r AT THlEB PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY. Having just returned from the Northern I Cities, atnd the National Photographie As sociation at Buffalo, I feel better prepared _ to do good work than ever before, by the udtvanstages of theC Iatest improvements, and the prettiest styles. My stock is lairger than ever, and among wihiebl aire, a fine lot of Albums, Fancy L Picture Paper Weights, &c. Ir I tan prepatred to take co PHOTOGRAPHS, FERROTYPES, o Copying and Enlarging Old Pictures, A Taking Residences, &c. Camlli while the pretty we-ather lasts ; re- in membuter that delavs are dangerouz, and do le not put it oif. A proof is always furnished for inspection t before the picture- i.s printed. Iau The surcet way- is to come at once and ti get pictutres at the Newherry Gallery of the '-ver ready Photogropher, W. H. WISEMAN. Oct. 8, 40 -tf. PII0TOGIRIPII GILLERLY COLUMBIA, S. C \:st,)rf to the city are respectfully in vited to visit myv rootns, w here can be seen spechnens of piet'tres in :il s-tyles-- of the Art. Satisfaction: guar anteed and11 pri-es. cheap. A. M. RISER, :a (let. 1, :' - f. Plain Street. UnDdertakig. e C. M. HARRIS, Cabinet Maker & Undertaker. htas on hantd and will mnake to order, Bed s.teads, Bure-aus, Ward robes, Safes, Sotas Settees, Lounges, &c e Cabinet Work of ai kinds made and r-e paire Oi on hieral termus. Has on hand a full snpply of Metatlic, Ma hiogtany and R.>,ewood Intrni.l Cases. Cottins made, to order at short notice, and hearse supplied. Oct 9 40 tr. MARTIN HARRIS. ~H Fik' 8M taIi B i aI Cases8 THlE SUBSCRIBER has constantly or. hand a fullassortuient of the above- appt'oved cases, of different pat.terns, besides coffins of his own make, all of which lie is prepared to furnish at very reasonable rates, with promptness and despatch. Persons desirouts of having cases sent by railroad will have thetm sent free of charge. A Hearse is always on hatnd and will bev ftrnished at the rate of $10 per day. Thankful for past patronage, the sub eeriber respectfully asks for a continuation of the samte, and assures the public that no effort on his part will he spart ' to render the utmost satisfaction. R. C. CDlA?MAN, Newberry S. C., July :31. BOA\RD REDUED TO 83,00O PER D.1 . COLUMBIA IIOTEL, COLUMBIA, S. C. The Propritor of this well known FIRST CLASlIHOTEL wouldi re-pectfully info rm~ his many frienads ail tihe : r.veling public genterally, thatt lie has this d.,y REIUCEI) IS RATES (OF IP.\IRD from $4 per day to $3 P'ER i)AY, anid at the saume time pledges himself to spare no pains itn the mtanagement of the htouse to sutstai n its r-D putation as a first c-lass Hotel ini every re- I rpect. WM. GORMAN, July 3C1, :10-if. Proprietor. LoOK OUT FOR YOUR MEALS .iT THE Alston Hotel, as,Breakfast Going U'p and Dinner i ____ Going_Down .%ii PAVILION HOTEL, an ~Charleston, S Ci G. T. ALTFARD &1 CO. Proprietors RE AU 14- J .dker's California inolar itters arv a purely Veg tableprep:aation. :nade chiedy from h::itive hvri;s f11undl on the lower :i. :-e S-ivrra Nevadai monu i L f C;!:i, the medicinal ,:ichich are extracted be t-'ri 1ho t the usc of Alcohol. heli,. 6 . :an'St daily asked, r "l :to e of thle unpar VINEtAlt BIT is. that they e:'': ( I disease. and .th. They -. 'rect Reno of the system. of the world . : I... co:: Iipotunded pos i-:lities of VIn ::: the sick of n tli-a m*; 1 :o ; t er to. They are -vil as a Tonic, tl[*...: :.. :. : n Wr 1::1!aminiation of . .raus, in Bilious Thw proporties of Dit. WALK ': A perient, Dia N!itritfious, Laxa v., -.-C -. Gv . onnte.r-I rri tant, : A nti-13ilious. R. H. )feDONALD & CO., Druggists & Gen. Agts.. San Francisco. Califor. ais, & cor. of Waahington and ChgrItoa Sta,N.Y. Sold by al DruggistU and Dealers. A pr. 2,.. 1.C 4 -17-y. . N. PARKER, rccESSOR TO WEBB, JONES & PARKEE, et wmn Pol': Hotel 'ild the Pot Office,) DEA LEI IN [ARNESS, SADDLESand LEATHER Having 1ouh t the E \ T I R E S T O C K th. lurt,e:,s and Sa,idle Manufactory of Joxrs. Webb, Joes & Parker, I am pre i(d t do all kinid of work in this line. [so n ill keep on liawl for sale, HARNESS, DIJDLE3, &e., 11AR(NESS LEATHER, )ILE LEATHlER, UPTERi LEATHlER, &c., the est and cieap-st. REPAIRING d all work done to order t Cash Prices and at Shortest Notice Apr. 15-tIf. VM. C. BEE & C0., FACTORS AND OMMISSlON MERCHANTS, Adger's Wharf, Charleston, S. C, Liberal ad vances :nade upon consignmcn ts 'Cotton anrd other ;,roduce to them in 'rarleston., or through the:n to their cor sponden'rts in Liverpool, New York arnd tltimnore. Pa~rtwular aIttaidion git;en to .'*de of lund Cotton. 0:o I. Jn:r .L.'r N. CuIsot. c.:8,4-4't THE LANDMARK, PUBLISHEaD AT ST A SI' L LL E, 11 1 EEL L Co., N. C., -IS Trrk ading -Newspaper in Western North Caro lina. it is the only Demrocratic Paper published in idell County-one oh the largest and wealthiest unties in the Statei-uud has attahujed a larger :al circulationr thain any paper heretofore pub hedl in the county. Its circulation in Alexander, Wilkes, Auhre, lhany, Yadki.r, Davie and Iredell, is larger an that ot- any two papers in the S.tate comn red ; anid is rapid ly acquiring a strong foothold Forsythe, Surry. Rouwanu and Western Meck burg. t is the only pr.per in Western North Carolia t empfloiys a in GULAI: CA NyAssiNG AGENT, d thus kept constantly before the people. iderthis systemn : rupidly increasing circula n i- thre resuit. making the L.DAtn ilE l1'81' ADVleTh$lNG MEDICM Ia N Wr r:.SL a LN .\oaTI C.A RLINA. Addres- "i.ANDM3AltK." LhAc. 65-tf. Stadte-Ville, . C. LORAL1 GUIDE FOR 1875. PU'Lli'-HEI QI r:Te;;:r,Y.-Jnuary, Nums r' ju'-t ited, ai n cont.iarins ove 100lii Pag~es, l.EngiravingS. ,h'$('ripion)is of more1 thani I of our I1st. Fr.' .Wi.rrNir an 'i'ru.nLs, thn 111reet id- in, for Cu:t nre, etc. The most etl andii e'legnt work of the kind in the >riei. On)rly .t5 eenits for t lie year. Pl>lbish ine EngH,in.r and.c I.eI'rnan. l)ee. !:3. 51I-2mn. Isochester. N. Y. OUR MONTHLY, 15 a Z'reliiu Ma[garzrie. Advo're.'rt" lirotierl y love'~ :amiong Chris Avo" rte Temp lerance. 'se'ien aiie~ n.itra r',N Ntes. i'w.'any-for Panger and' Ciove'r. sublic.riptions. r'eive'd at the Newberry Jr sendt to WM. P. .JACORS, Nov. II. 45-t f. Cinton, . C. EWBERRY MERCHANTS GET A GREAT DEAL OF TRADE LAURENS COUNTY. rts m.L I ?tte t i OUR MONT HLY, Sov11. 45-tf. CLINTON, S. C. JAS. LEFFEL'S IPRO VEDlDOUBIE 'urb WteWhel DOLE & HUNT, Baltimore, anufacturers tor the South and Southwest, any 7,iuo 1now in use, working under hr'el. varying fromrr 2 to 21u0 feet! 21 sizes, f'romr 51 to 9G Inchse. e mrost powerful Wheel in thne Market, Anud most economuical in use of Water. rge ILLUsTRtATrED 1'rmphrlet sent post tree. MANUFACTURtERS, ALSO, OF rtable and etatio)nary Steam Enginresanrd iers. Babcock & Wilcox Patent Tubulous iler. Ebiaurgh's Crusher f'or Minerals, Saw I Grnist Mlills. Flouring Mill Machinery, .chinery tor White Leard Works and Oil Mills, shafting Pulleys and llangers. SEND FOR CIRCULA.R8. Rail Rot THE PALMEr A NEW PI6SSENVER ROUTE B SOUTH C*AROINA AN The attention of the travelling public along tlj WILMINGTON, COLUXBIA & AUGUSTA, CHARL GREENVILLE AND COLUM and at Columbia, is invited to the special arrange1 acconimodation in visiting Columbia and Charlesi FA,;T PAS'ENGER TRAINS between Columbia : Columbi:- with the Charlotte, Columbia and Augn: Roads, en:ling the eitizens along the line of the ( and Wilmington. Columbia and Augusta Rail Ro;v ample time to transact bu.siness and return hoie business men of Colunibia and along the Charlotti ton, Columbia :nd Augusta Rail Roads to visit Cl fortable manner and without lobs of time. The fo GOING EAS Leave Charlotte... ................... ..40 A. M. Arrive att Columbia................... 2.42 P. M. Leave Columbia ................s.A 5 P. M. Leave Florenc ................2.45 A. 31. Arrive at Charleston ............6.15 A. M. GOING WEk Leave Charleston..................... 6.0) P. M. Leave Florence.............. . ......2. A. 31. Arrive at Columbia.. ............. 4.00 A. M. Leave Columbia............ ...... 2.45 P. 31. Arrive at Charlotte............. 9.00 P. M. Dec. 23,51-tf. ATLANTIC COAST Comprising Charlotte, Columbia Columbia & Augusta, Wilmingt & Roanoke, and Connecticg ship Lines, at Wilmingto Transporting Freights to and from Steamshili mouth. Virginia, without drayage, transfers, or e2 to and from all points South. Being possessed ut of trafle. the Management invites attention to th< which equal all others in prompt movement, car insurance. Informiation of the forwarding of freight is reg sigr.ees. and all claims for loss, damage and overe of the Line, named herein. --:0: SCHEDULE OF C0 At Portsmo, FOR BALTD BAY LINE STEAMERS, - . HIL. DE FOR PHILADE ANNAMESSIC LINE STEAMERS, - - Moni CLYDE STEAMERS, FOR NEW Y DAILY (except Fridays,) at p. m. FOR BOST MERCHANTS & MINERS' LINE, FOR PROVID MERCIIANTS & MINERS' LINE, - - - I At Wilmingt FOR BALTIN BALTIMORE & SOUTHERN TRANSPORTATION FOR PHILADE PHILATELP111A & SOUTHERN STEAMSHIP CO: FOR NEW Y CLYDE & CO.'S NEW YORK AND WILMINGTON: Connecting at each place with rail lines ior all Ne rent rates are given and guaranteed. The following named Agents North will atten< line: BALTIMORE. W. H. FITZGERALD, No. 9, German Street. A.' E. FITZGERALD, 50 South Street. NEW YORK. C. E. BRAIN ERD. 397 Broadway. I G. I 4GREAT ATLANTIC FAST FREICHT I Especially arranged for the movement of Cotton i GOING NORTH. Leave *AUGUSTA, - 7.40 a. m. Let Leave *COLUMBIA - t.00 a. m. Art Arrive at WILMINGTON - 7.15 p. m. Let Leave WILMINGTON - - 8.00 p. ix. An Arrive at iPORTSMOUT11 H 4.00 p. m. Arr *Connects closely with inward bound *( Through Freight Trains on Georgia Rail- Bal road. B3j tConnecting with ;iward Freight Trains :( frorn Greenvillo and Columbia Railroad, of ( and Charlotte Division of Charlotte, Colum- CheI biat and Augusta Railroad. :and :Connectin g closely with outwarud-bound' Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and of t Boston steamships. tra AVERAGE THRC Augusta to Baltimore, 4 Days; Augusta t( New York, 5 Days ; Augusta av For all information, Blank Bills of Ladini following Southern Agents of the Line: II. M. COT rINGHIAM, Western Agent, Atlanta Augusta; IL. P. CLA RK, Forwarding Agent, Porta F. W. CLARK, Assista.nt General Freight Agent, Wilmington, N. C. South Carolina Railroad Company, All CUaaLT-ox, S. C., October 18, 1873. ON and afteri SUNDAY, October 19, the Pas senger Trains on the South Carolina Rail Road TI will run as follows: oper won cOLUMBIA. u Leave Charleston at ..................... 9.00 a m Arrive at Colutnbia at...................65.00 p m L. ioE ArUUrA. Leave Charleston.................. 9.00 a m Lea Arrive at Augusta................ 5. p ms Arr. roR cIIARLEaToY. Leave Columbia at.................. 8 40 a us Lea Arrive at Charnleston a.......,. 4.20 p ms Lea Leave Augusta............... ...8.2o a m Lea Arrive at Charleston.... .. .........4.2e p us Lea cOLUMBIA Z4IGH T ExPRESS, (Sundays excepted.) Lave Charlest'n at......................7 10p m Arrive at Columbia at.............. .6.3J a usm Leave Columbia at.... ...............7.15 p msG Arrive at Charleston at..................45 a m AUGUSTA NIGnlT EXPREso, (Sundays excepted.) 0 Leave Charle.ton.................8.5j p msUs ar:rive at Augusta............... ...7.00 a m di Leave Augusta......................6.0 p m dai Arrive at Charleston.................5.4i a m SUMxaLvILLE TLAIY. og 4 Leave Sanimervi!le at................7 25 s us and Arrive at Charlestou..............8 42 a m roat IL.ave Charleston...................3.1.4 p. mst A rrive at Summerville...............4 30 p mla cAx)iN ThAIx. Leave C.amdcn.....................6.50 a us Arrive at Columbia...............11.50 a m , Leave Columbia.....................1 50 p m Ar Arrive at Camden.................3 35p m Day and Night Trains make close connection Les at Augusta, willh Georgia Railroad. IDay Tramns, only, make close conection with Macon and Augusta Railroad. This is also the' quickest and most direct route, and as comn fortable and cheap as aiiy other route, to Mont- Arr gomry,Se ma,obile, New Orleans, and all A:Xu ote onsSouthwest, anid to Louisville, Cin cinnatt, Chicago, Si. Louis, and all other points jLea West and Northw*est Columbia Night Train connectseclosely with" Ithe Greenville and Columbia Railroad ; and with" the ('harlotte, Columbia and Angusta Railroad Ar: for points North ,C Thbrough tickets on sale to all points North and West. Les Camden Train connects at Kingville daily (ex Icept Sunday. with Day P'assenger Train, and" r uns through to Columbia on Mondays. Wednes-" days and Saturdays. Art S. 13. PICK ENS, General Ticket Agent. -Bra WILMINGTON, COLUMBIA AND AUGUSTA R. R.dr GEsNRAL PAssaYGEx DEPAwREErr, COLUxsBa, S. C.. January 11, 1875. The following Passenger Schedule will be ope- I_ rated on and a.ter Monday, January 11th: GOING NORIH. Leav ColmbiaNo. 2 Train. No. 4 Train. Ch Lev Cumi......8.3) a. ms. 8 15 p. ms. Leave Florence.....,1.10 p. us. 12.50 a. m. Arrive at Wilmington.. 7 00 p. us. 7.10 a. m. GOING SOUTH. S r at. No. 1 TraIn. No. 3Tan Leave Wilmington. .G40 a. m. 62 p. ms. LeaYe Florence.......12.50 p. m- 1144 , ym- Les Arrive at Columbia .. 5 10p. m. 4.15 a. ms.La Train No. 2, from.Columbia. Mail and Epress Les connects closely at Florence with .x. E. It. Ii. for Les Chsarleston, an d at v,ilmington with W. & W. Les It. RI. to all points North. Arn frai No. 4, from Columt-ia, is Fast Express. making through connections, all Rail, North and South, and Water Line connections via Ports mouth, and at Florence for Charleston.Le Train No 1, from W ilmington, connects close- L ly at Florence with N E. 1t. It. ber Charleston. Lea Train No. 3, from W'ilmnington. is a Fast Ex-Le press, connecting closely from and to all points LeS North and South. Ar JAMES ANDERSON. * General Superinten dent.T A. PoPr, General Pansenger and TicketAgent, via T O T E XAS CTr A ND via Neti ARKANSAS. This The completion of th e TEXAS AND PA- Tr1 CIFIC RAILROAD enables the KENNEsAw fo Roc-rx, V ia Wsestern & Atlantic R. R., to offer the only all rail route froii Georgia A. anti the Garolin.ts to aht points in Texas. On and af'ter Suptemnber 1st, through coaches leave Atlanta daily for Memphis, Th Little Rock and Texarkana, Texas, without t3e change, connecting there with through cars for llouston a:id all points in Texas. Think of ONE change of cars between - Atlanta, Ga., and Houston, Texas. iT Rates reduced by the opening ofI this route from $5 to $15 !! Full information can be obtained upon Pacc application to A LBERT B. WRENN, South- Jon. eastern Ag't., Nashville, Chattanooga & Sr.na Louis BR. R., Atlanta, 0. E. SARGENT, Fish Southeastern Ag't., L. & G. S. R. R., Atlan- Shel t:,o oB W R*,Ll StrrooB W RNN 7 Gen'l Pass'r & Ticket Ag't., Mat Sep. 29 Q3l_tf Atlanta, Ga. rds. TO LINE. ETW fEN ALL POINTY IN 9 CHARLESTON. e line of the ME, COLUXEIA & AUGUSTA, AND IIA RAIL ROADS, nents made for their convenience and on, in the shape of DOUBLE DAILY m1d Charllebton-connecting closel at ta. aind Greenville and Columbia ail :heraw ant )arlington. North Eastern. s to visit the Capital of the State, have he %.tme day. Also, the ierchaluts and . Columbia an<w Augusta. and Wilnillg ireston and return quickly, in a com lowing is the schedule: T. .P. M. 8.30 A. M. 1.10 P. M. 7.00 P. M. T. 7.00 A. M. 12.50 P. M. .30 A. M. 5.15 P. M. A. POPE, General Passenger Agent. E.A.T FREIGHT LINE, and Augusta, Wilmington, on & Weldon, Seaboard Railway and Steam ri and Portsmouth. Wharves at Wilmington and Ports posure to weather, and in through cars oIple equipment for all the necesbities : Tran.portation lacilities of this Line, :ful bandling, unbroken transit and low alarly transmitted to Shippers and Con iarge promptly investigated by Agents NNECTIONS: ath, Va. [ORE. Daily,7 p. m. LPHIA. lays, Wednesdays and Fridays, 4 p. m. Tuesday-i and Saturdays,at 4 p.ui. ORK. 3N. Tuesdays and Fridays,at 4 p. m. ENCE. Veduesdays and Saturdays, at 4 p. m. on, N. C. ORE. COMPANY'S STEAMERS, Wednesdays and Saturdays. LPHI IA. dPANY'S STEAMERS, Every Tuesday. ORK. ..INE -Every Wednesday. w England towns, to which lowest cur l, in all retpects, to the patrons of th. PHILADELPHIA. V. KILGORE, 4 South Fifth Street. BOSTON. 1. KEITH, 76 Washington Street. COAST LINE," CHEDULE. md Merchandise on unequalled time. GOING SOUTE. ,ve *PORTS3;OUTI - 12.00 m. ive at W1LMINGTON - - 7.00 L.m. .ve WILINGTON - - 8.00 p. M. ive at tCOIU MBIA - - 10.00 p. m. ve at *AUGUSTA . . - tL p. m. onnecting closely with inward-bound imore. Philadelphia, New York and ton Steamships. :nnecting with outward Freat Trains ireenville and Columbia Ba road, and riotte Division of Charlotte, Columbia Augusta Railroad. ~onnecting with ontward Freight Trains ,eorgia, Macon and Augusta, and Cea-. Riroads. ~UGH TIME: PhiladelphIa, 5 Days; Augusta to to Boston, ? Days. ~, Through Eates, etc., etc., apply to the Ga.; JOlhN JENKINS, Soliciting Agent, muouth, Y.A. POPE, General Freight Agent, Wilmington, N. C.; 397 B.. dway, N. Y.; and Columbia, S. C. anta and Richmend Air Lilo Railway. e following Passenger Schedule, wIll be ated on and after Monday, Oct. 19th, 1874 by Atlanta Time. oGOZS RoaTE-.x.aREBs TRAIX. -e Atlanta............... 5.51 pma 'e Seneca City....................11.51 pma e Greenville................2.1 a re Spartanburg...................... 4.06 a m ve at Charlotte................8.1a m G01NG S0UTE--EIFRESS Tad..~N re Charlotte. -....................6.12 a a re Spartanuburg......................10.51 a a re Greenville.......................1233 pm 'e Seneca City................ .48 pm i*e at Atlanta......................9.18 p a B. Y. SAGE, Eng. & Sup't. eenville &, Columbia Rairoad. a and after Friday, August 28, 1874. the enger Trains ou the Greenville ? Columbia Itoad. will run the following Schedule, r, Sundays excepted, connecting with Night us on South Carolina Railroad, up and n, also with Trains going North and South harlotte, Columbia and Agst Railroad, Wilmington, Columbia and Augusta Rail UP. re Conmbi..................... 7.26 a a Alston..................... 9.06 a a Newherry.................1031 a Cokesbury.................. 2.u6 p a ire Greenville................5.8etn.....- . 3Spa I DOWN. ye Greenville..................86.30 a a Belton.................... 8.30 ama 'Cokesbury................10 13 am Newberry.................1.80 p a 'Alston...................... 3.0Opm ire Columbia................. 5.t0 p a XaSOX n.sesc .&xD ar.CS RSnes Drvaarox. .DOW N. ve WaIhalla at......................4.46 a a Perryville. .. ............... 530 am Pendleton............ 620 am Anderson..................'720 ama ive at Belton..................... 8.10 a a onnecting with down train from Greenville. UP. we Belton at38p Anderson40m Pendleton5.0p Perryrulle............63 Ive atWaihalla ...71p commodation Traizis run on Abbeville neh. Mondays, Wednesdays ad Fridays. Anderson Branch, between Belte. and As ,on, on Tr.idays, Thursdays and Saturdays. THOS. DODANEAD, Gen'l Sept. a maz NoaTex, General Ticket Ageat. ip. 2, 35-tf. THlE SHORT LINE SCHEDULEi. irlotte, Columtbla k Augusta L. E Gaxxa.L TlcxuT Da?an2TsaT, CoW.U, S. C., January 11 18753 he following Pssenger Schedule wil be ope i on and after Monday, January 11th: 0o11G YOUTh. No. 2 Train. No. 4 Trais, ve Augusta......93-iA. M. 415 P. M. ye Graniteville...1.23 A. N. 6 1U P. N. ye Columbia Juno'n 2.1* P. M. 18.57 P. N. ye Columbia...2 45 P. N. 9.00 P. V. ve Che4>er...36 34kP.M. - ire Charlotte...9.00P. M. - 0o11o SOUTh. No. 1 Train. No. STrain! re Charlotte....8.30 A. M. ve (hester.......1.'2 A. M. - we Columbia...282 P. N. 3.40 A. N. re ColumbaJunc'n$3.17 P'. N. 4.15 A. N. reGraniteville.... ti.15 P. N. '07.48 A. V. iv Augusta.&......5 P. M. 8.46 A. V. treakfast ; WDinner; ISupper. nin No. 2, from Augusta, connects closely Charlotte only for all poits North via Rich d, and via Danville and Lynchburg. This n runs daily. in No. 4, from Augusta, connects cle i via mbia and Wilmington for all points orth Richmond, all Rail. And via Portsmouth, iBay Line, and O:d Dominion Steamers for -York, Mondays, Wedoeidays, Saturdays. Train runs daily. ain No. 1. from CharIotte, connects closely SNorthern pints with all Lines at Augusta. Train runs daily.* in No.3, from Columbia, connects ceiw Northern points via Wilmington, withsti e at Augusta. This frain rundaily. JAS ANDEESONGenera Sapt Porx, Gen. Passenger and Ticket Agent. SPARTANBURB&UhIS RAit OA. Sfollowin Passenger Sobedale will beo. on and aftr Sunday, November lst, :7 DOWN TRAIN. UP TRAWN. Arrive. Leave. Arrive. LAave. tanburg.... 6.00 a. m. 7.46 witile. ..... 6.4 , 711 let .....6.50 7.00 6 54 7(3 sille........... 7.32 7.40 6.10 6.G aville......8.8J 8.46 6.00 5 0 ac.......... 9.23 9.30 4.15 *.2S Dam-......9.58 10.25 3.35 3.46 ~on........ 1.19 10 26 3.u7 3.15 s' ord......... 10.45 10.50 2.4' 2.47 hers.......1110 11.20 2.10 2.20 n....... . 12.1 p. m. 1.00 W. W. nAVIEs, Sanariatendent