University of South Carolina Libraries
. . -e - *.1 I cl Tim-'DOLAU AY Yntu,] FOR TUE DISSEMINATIONOF S [INVARIABLY N ADVLIEC YL:. V- WEDNESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 24, 1869 NO a ss... im* a*' . 2 I- . PUBLISHlEDI EVERY WEDNESDAY MORNING, At Newberry U. i,, BY THOS. F. & R. H. GRENERER, Editors and Proprietors. "TER3H8, 68 PERt ANNUM, IN CURIENCY OR PROVISIONS. Paymentrequired invariably in advance. Marriage Iotices, Funeral Invitations, ObIt% .unies,- and Communleattons subsorving private interests, are charged as advertisements. REPORT tN TIlE DEST IETuOD OF CULTIVATINO COTTON, READ DEFORE THE STATE AGRI ULTUIA, SOCIETY. The Committee to whom was assigied 6.duty of .rporting upon the est :,thod of Cultivating Cotton, beg re 'tc6tfully to submit the following paper ik theresult oftheir conclusions. S it hjproachilg the business of cotton -eltlitue, two general considerations should -b6rrVa'ded, one that of cliniate,- the 'bthey of soil. Though cotton is the great Athrican staple of export, and pro .claimed a king in the commercial world, still no leading crop of the country has 'been so little studied by scientific' men, and non6 cultivated with so little refer unco to fundamental principles of agri. .;cultural chemistry. In the United States ottoi Is produced in tile belt that t'onclcs from 40 deg. North latitude to 1he Gulf of Mexico. In the upper part of,this belt, between 80* and 40' It is an exotic, and one half or moro of its pro. ductive power is cut away by a damp n'd chilly April and a frosty October. rfi capacity of the lands of the Southern States,for the production of cotton, is due less to soil than to climate. . i,the relations of the mountains to tho:4eh, and of, tihe. Great' Valley to the Gulf, in.ito which its waters flow, is to be ound'the true secret of the rapid accent vfrcotton to a great commercial and po Jiitl power. Tihe peculiar climate of the cottkn States is supposed to be pro. du.ed by the chain of mountains which intersect our country, the lower Alle hhamiy range extending westward in the hillh of Northern Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. Oil these the nuisture brou ht inland by the sea breeze from the ( mulf aid Gulf stremn is comdemsed. iad falls in showoo or Irequent occur runce, but not in long streams; these showers occur often in springo but rarely iM mid-sumner and autumn, thus usu ally giving dry seasons for gathering the crip. The natural demands of the cotton pant req iure a tropical or semi-troplcal elinato that affords seven ,or eight Iu6nths entirely secure from frosts, and nlay therefore be essentially termed a c lid of the sun that does not rejoice in 49,ious moisture, and can thrive and come to perfection with less rain than any pla!&t cultivated on the continent. The thirty-second degree, or a lne drain;across the Gulf States through to tgoniery and Jackson, is the centro of tbe cotton belt, and for an hundred miles on each side of that parallel, North anid South, especially the lands border ing the lower half of the afiluents of tihe Oulf, and tributaries of the Mississippi, cotton is produced to an extent and of a quality surpassed by no other equal area of the earth's surface. This is its natu ral home ; here is its chosen domain. Having thus adverted to the peculiar influonces of climate which prevails to such an extent in the culture of cotton, we no,w. prop.ose to refer to the different classes of soil most suitable, their prepa ration, with .oethod of cultivation of cotton. There are three classes of soil well suited to the production of cotton. First ; the soft argillaceous or rotten Jimnestono lands of South OCarolina, Gear gia, parts of Alabama' anad Mississippi, and a small part of Texas. This descrap lion of soil is soft, fine and friable, easily washed an'ay, and in many places entire ly face fromi stones. The scond class of cotton lands are the rIch, Mla,ck cane b,reak lands of mniddl.0 Ahat6ama, and the black rolhi'..; pr-aIries of Texas. These uir generally called the black lnnds, and es npot be surpassed by any alluvious for etecer#mOty witth w.hich -theay produce arcipaI. ',The alluvions or river bottoans Arc4e. ethird and most valuable class of .cotton l'ands. Sucoessivo overlows have deposited on these lands an exhaustless bed of vegetable mould, with sand( and erah from the hills, through wvhich Lho fauling rains .casily pass to a porous sub soji. Trho varlieties or soil of South Carolina besl Adapted for cotton may be deilned and Olassed as post oak and black Jack )ands, red, muulattoo and sandy lands. Auiy pr all of these lands, where rolling, shbuld be protected fromi washing ty a system of circle ditching and plowlng, M\a ioni this practice with muanuriang, do poe) t he preservation amnd restoration dt.ur cottoni lands. We refer next to the preparation of thme soil with planting and chltivation. The pi1o\'s should be started just as early In the sring a the season will permit-say by, the fi rst of Febrpary, commencing with the rolling or red lands, wvhich will - often be found dlry. enough ; the sameo ana~ be said 'of the lower counties of (Ia tolina. "Gonerally, the direct hproparatlon for a czrop comnmences with li'ebruary. If tho breadth was planted in cottoan, the pro vi~d year It will be necessary to keep a hmanti or twvo in advance of the plow with hoes or - clubs to broalg dlo'vn the old cottonm stalks, or pull them qp by the rdt n(ho heln Into pales for burna lng. The stalksa are easily broken in cold woather,baut where they are' noi, of very rank growth, may be plowed ln. WVhero cotton was 0he -previous crop, andl na change In the id th of rows is desirable, n a rren benimann tile ri;,e in llia 1uisuutu ui tile oiu rows wnn a anovel six or eight inches wide, and as deep ts pos siblo with one horse. In this furrow tp. ply the fortilisers or whatever manure used, after which with a subsoil scooter, ton or twelve inches lonp run on each side of the furrow contaming the fertili zer, throwing dirt equally from each side into this furiew. Follow in the scootor furrow with a good turning plow, mak ing a ridge. This plowing should be finished before time for planting, after which, and immediitely before planting, "the middles" should be well plowed out with a wide shovel. Should the beds have been finished when the fertilizers or conp2pt was deposited, and hLve be como foul and hard, a harrow should be run over thom before planting. By be ginning in time, it may be desirable be fore completing the preparation for plant ing, to run two furrows in plowing out the middles, first using the scooter, fol lowed in the same furrow with a good turning plow. For this work the first furrow should break the land fully as wide beneath as at the surface. When .it is desirable to plant in'tho same rows as the previous year, first run a furrow on the old rows to plow up the stalks, then follow with a scooter, afterwards again, with a wide shovel, opening the furrow sufficient fo' the fertilizers. To improve and restore our lands to a high .state of cultivation, we should adopt a thorough system of planting, by deep plowing in preparation, good manuring, and proper cultivation. Whore the previous crop was corn, wheat, or any land that was not in cotton, the plowing should begin early, as we very. seldom derive benefit by turning over land in the fall. Indeed our experience teaches us not to turn over the soil to a great extent at any time. On this land which was not cultivated in cotton the last year, we will commence by breaking with small shovels, followed in the same furrows by subsoil scooters, breaking the soil be neth a3 well as at the top. When, at the proper time the manures should be deposited, tie rows are laid off by run ning deep furrows at the proper distances apart. Those distances are to be do termined by tile nature of the soil,-say from four to six feet on strong bottom lands, and three to four feet on light land. We next throw two furrows together with a turiin nn, inn , ba noo cU11ting tile mnanure. 'ho pIow.in1g snoulld be contintied until all tile space between the rows, or the "middles" as they tare called in cotton parlance, are plowed or broken, by throwing up the soil upon the beds oin each side. The prevalent custom ias been not to "break out" these mid]dles at the first plowing, but to d1o it afterwards in the course of cultivating the crop. On lands that have been thoroughly cultivated, this omis sion is probably immaterial. After tile plowing the ridges or beds should remain ginmo little time that the soil may be set tied by the spring rains. We do not ap prove of planting cotton iln tile hill, for the reasOl that where a quantity of good mantire. either compost, guano, or chem ical fertilizers have been used, a species of fermentation is produced which do stroys the vitality of the cotton plant. This effect was carefully investigated sote years ago by Dr. Gloud, a cotton planter of Alabama, who did more for tile true and scientific culture of Ootton, and gnve a more patictit investigation to all the details of successful cotton grow ing, than any other southern writer. The varieties of cotton and the difl'er. ent kinds of seed, will be adverted to hereafter. Planting commences about the tenth of April or a week or ten days earlier on dry red lands, and may be delayed as lato'as the tenth of May, and good crops produced. But aigy delay after the mid (lie of April must abridge thlat much from the cotton pickitg season, for four or four and a half mnlthls must be al lowed for the growth of tile cotton plant. The seed furrow should be openled very shaIllow with a bull tongue plow, thle seed dropped thick and~ enlvered very lightly withl a board. To make the seeud furrow str'aight anld have an even trenchl for the seed, we have used wvith success a triangular piece of wood, wvith theO nar row edige dowvn, attached to the foot of the plow, following the trench mnade by the bull tongue. Cotton needs only a light covern g-atn inich being sufficient .-whichm should be clone with a board fastened to the lower part of a light (>ow. This board should b)e of some hard wood, an inch or more thick, about eight inch es broad and thirty inches long, beveled on the lower -edge, and cut in a curve so as to fit the ridge. It is essential, es p)ecitally where the planting is delayed, to roll the seed in a fertilizer that wvill hasten the germination. An Oqual miX ture of lime and ashes, or two parts of ashes to one of common salt is recomn mended; others have soaked the seed in salt dlissolvedl in liquid stable manure, and tafterwards r'oll ini plaster,-which is preferable, as the plaster separates tile seert whaichi, othlerwilse tends to mi)att to gether, allowing~ them to be dropped moore regularly ini the seed furrow. In planting, tile seed should be drilled by caref ul hands, using from ninety to one hundred poundls, or three bushols to eachI ace. We have observed for several yours past iproved cotton plan ters, which performed the work very -well, with1 a consilerh4bbo juaving of seqd as wvell at labor, More attention n41ll probably be devoted to these improved cotton plant era horenflpr' There Is no reason why the n hole oration thould 'not be per formed wvith "ono liniplement. The comniitteo ihi reporgng the host niethod of cultivating cotton, are awarp of the divei-sified opinions .on tis sub Jeoct, and submit their results and cdn blusions with deference and respect to the intellient and ;ussfulfs c,h ivnars or the great staple, in our State. in ten days or two tveeka from the time the seed was drilled In Its narrow bed, the planter, walking over his cotton field, may expect to see a row of tiny. leafletta just burstin% out of the moist earth. If the interval as been wet aid cold, anx. lety is mingled with his hopes, for so many of the seeds may have rotted as to give him only an unevon and irregular stand. Where the stand Is thus deft. ,6ent, the question of replanting must be decided in a day or two, for time is now preplous, and every week lost at this end of the season is just as much subtracted from the length of the picking season. If he has planted thick and the stand is a fair one in most places, tihe chilled seeds in the damper soil may yet com.e out and do well. lie first sees two leafletts, anid in about three days the third appears, as soon as the third leaf is fairly devel oped, the cultivation begins, and here at the very outset, the difEerenco between careful and slovenly planting of the seed will appear. Where the seed are dashed carelessly into a wido and somewhat ir regular furrow, the line of plants will be correspondingly Irregular. If, on the other hand the furrow or drill was small and sharply defined, and 'ie seeds drilled neatly and straight, th. - ork of thin ning out and cutting a%..y to a stand will be very much easier. Of course the first thing to be done, where the sprouts are very thick, is to cut away the super fluous plants, and concentrate all the fer- I tilizing powers of time soil upon the most thrifty specimens. Our practice just here, Is to "run around the stand" as it is called, that is to carry a small furrou with a side plow close up to the crest of the bed on each side, very shallow, and not leaving the bed more than three or four inches wide where the cotton stands. Our experience is, that the roots of the plants require the sun early in the spring, and where t':e plowing is properly done, the thinning out, or chopping out as it. I is called, can be done rapidly. Time hoe gang pass along behind the plows, chop ping out a gap from six to twelve inches t according to. soil, and leaving three to four plants together, Where time plants have sprouted with uniformity, the work being mostly meochanical, can be done very fast. As a rule it does not pay to b very particular this time over the crop. It will not do' to lingor. Lot the hoes pass on rapidly. While the hoo. pows go a@1%, terete and start in for another working. This thne tihe dirt must be thrown up from the niddles toward the plants-yet not I so as to choiro them, or bury the roots i too deeply. For this plowing we use the F sweep, made to run very shallow and I light. If the "middles" have become < foul, they 4fould be plowed out. Let y the hoes follow, cuttmig away all time s plants but one, the imost thrifty of each d clump, and throwing a little fresh earth t around those that stand, taking out all v the grass and weeds. This working t should be more careful than any which < time crop receives. Ootton is jealous and t exacting in its nature; it must have at tention, or if the plant does not dio amid time grass, it soon looks yellow and sick- a lyc and its bearing will be abridged three weeks or a month. Tihe industrious planter, twice over his crop, and time plants thinned out to a final emr pernia nent stand, the rest is comparatively easy. Time plow must continue to run, and time hoes to follow ; but here we must remark that the cultivation varies with the seasons and the situation of tihe land. If the rain-fall is excessive, so as to form a crust around time roots, it is ad visable to carry a shallow furrow near the stand, so as to break up this crust, and allow time air and sun to strike uponi time roots of the plant. If, on time other hand, time season is uncommonly dry,' it is best to put a large plow or a sweep in tihe middles, and throw up a bed of dirt, thai. will proteet the roots. Cotton is a p)lant that loves heat, and does not de mnand large supplies of moisture. Amm excess of moistpmre or heavy rains, followed by a fierce sun on fiat lanids, wvhen the~ lant is youmng, is alpt to bmreedl lice upon it. This ls, the first enemny froni the insect wvorld that time planter has to meet. A fewv days later the same state or things will produce rust upomn Cotton. In our opininmmn, the remedies for these diseases of tihe Cotton plant consists in rapid working, and the im proved and scIentific culture of cotton. Where time lands aire flat, time beds shomuld be raised so as to keep standing water away from time roots of time plants. lim regard to the shape and weight of' time plowvs used in cultivating a cotton crop, there is much variety of opinion, amnd perhaps mmumchm roomi for i mm pmovoemen t. We deem time ordinary light wodeni plow best adapted for the purpos' s wimh the presot labor, as thore Is tno mneccssity for (loop plowing where tihelands hamve beeni thmoroughly preparodl. Thme sweep or eagle plowv, with shmovel amid bow, amid cul tvator, mnakimng furtows one to thmree inches deep, amid as wide as desired, answerms all time purposes of the cottoni grower quito well. Duri'ng theo latter part of May, June amnd tIme early part of July, it is lmnpor tant to press time growth of time plant, and notiing does this so eff'ectually as frequent stirring of tihe soil. As a rule, the planter shouild manage so as to get over his crop once In ten days or two weeks. The true policy Is to push the growth of cotton just as rapidly as possI ble, until the branches Interlock, and then let the vigor of time plant go to mak Whnteplant appoachos maturity In slze, t,htt Is, when the br-anclfs aro boginping to interlock across time mtd dIes, It Is doui.itful whmether ie plow can be of umuch bgt2eflt. Doo ~ plowing at this stage Is' clearly injumr'ous. Besides time'tap root of tlio cotton plant, wich ruins dlreot)y down, It soends'off pide shoots or sprangles sufficent to be mnuch brokjen by a plow, or othoe Itanioment that runs more than two inches below the surface. Tho beakling of these roots checks the advance of the crop and tends to produce a setond growth, the bolls of which will be immaturo at the coning of frost. The chief improvement on the old modes of culture that can be made, is In the rapidity and evenness of planting, %nd in tho first working. .On cotton planted early, or by the middle of April, ind well tended, the blossoms begin to show by the middle and last days of June. If the previous cultivation has been thorough, the crop can be laid by, Lho last of July. In August the pieking season is at hand, and harvesting should begin, when a picker can gather fifty pounds. There are two eading varieties of cot. Lon grown in the Southij.viz: the Long 3taple or Son Island, and the Short Staple )r Upland Cotton. Of the latter, no .hing more need be said. ithan that it is grown almost oxclisively throughout the cotton region. The sea-coast of 3outh Carolina, Georgia and Florida, .vith the adjacent Sea Islands is the most avorable part of the United States as egards b th soil and 01imato for the pro luction of "Sea Island Cotton." Edisto Island is preferable, as it is the nost productivo of any part of the Sea [slands or Coast, for the production of he Long Staple. Sea Island cotton is )lanted from March twentieth to April eth, upon beds five feet apMt ono way, )y fronm eight to twenty four inches the >ther, according to the richness of soll. .t is cultivated very much the samo as p land, except that more reliansco is 1aced upon the hoe, and less upon the >low. The cultivation of .the Sea [sland s local, and the amount produced in this ountry, as compared with the upland or ;reen seed, Is as one to one hundred. Within the lust four gears, there has cen quite a demand for improved va leties of cotton seed, which has proba ly enabled a nuiiber of enterprising lanters throughout the Sou'th to realize andsome fortunes. It is certainly prac icable for every cotton grower by selec ion, improvement, and jdiciouscultiva ion to produce an improved seed. ' In eneral, it may be said that cotton is im Iroved by cultivating the plant in the est manneri and then selectiig from ach stalk those bolls which tre the lar'g st, the finest, and the most perfectly natured.. Probably as much depends the iinprov'omont f cotton seed. Choic varieties have over been grown from the rank, moist inds of the Mississippi valley, but we ave known of the best varieties of im voved seed to come from the vicinity of ricksburg. Every cotton grower who ultivates a good cotton soil can, in a few ears, produce a choice variety of cotton ced by taking pains with any of the or inary seed. In selecting, which is from he bolts that open before frost,. regard any be had to the number of bolls upon he plant, or to tho fineness and softness f the sample. By selecting the former, o may produce a seed famous for Its pro uctiveness; by taking the latter, the ariety may have a high repute for the operlor quality of the lint. All the in. oroved varieties ara quite certain to dot criorate or run out In a few years unless he same pains are taken to .austain the haracter of -the seed that were used to )roduce it. With cotton at an average of ten cents icr pound, the South for thirty years be oro the war, was rapidly increasing in vealth ; now, with cotton at more than ,wico that price, it is not credible that )olitical differences and uncertainties can ong arrest the march of the great laws af political economy. It requires little mgacity to predict that this transition ltato cannot last long. Society Is rigidly :ontrolled by its material interest, and there must e a large influx of both pop. alation and wealth into the cotton States. The South should produce the greater part of the plainmer and coarser fabrilcs secessary, for her consumption. T1hie only difficulty to be overcomso in order' to the establishment of an effective and idequate system of manufactures for the South, is that of population. Operatives are wanting, alnd those from the elars from wh ich Operatives are prod ucedi. But a large Immilgration of people, not -;eddd to the culture of the soii, will en able thme South to do mnore than manna facturo 1her own clothes. 'Thp enter. priso and outlny to enable her to do this being moderate, the immense advantnges to be secured by sueh a cause must be forced upon the attention of the citizens of our1 own) State, whou are gnbiled by a wise and enlightened self interest. Thell experliece of the world, sihice the outbreak of onr civil war, has esta lihshed the great superior ity of the South as tihe cottonl growing region of the world. Uhat we claim, for tihe State of South Carolin,a. a sup,eriority over ainy othlei cotton State, from the fact, that the short staple cotton is never' aflected by boll worm, catterpil lair, &c., nor overlowmus by high water, never failing to make cotton erop. Andl, ais I have staited before, b)y propeor culti vations and a prFoper systeml of manurinlg, we can very easily makeon r lands produce two bales of cot.on to thte acie. South Carolina is the gardlen spot of the world. In South Carolina, we have vacant lands enough to support more thtan douable her present population; and here thou. sand<~ of acres await the onward march of that grand army of laborers that, shall level the forests, turn the sod, plant5 cultivate and gather the crop, whose snowy fibre, twisted by billions of spin. dies, shall form the clothing of the race. Let us not a pond but go to work pation jy to deVelop our resources, in. crease bur prdtlitons, save our money, and last, restore our State to Its former greatness amid power. RIespectfully, JOHN P. KINARD,) R. A. Mo A SIA N, Committoe. E. HI. DOWLING,) Shooting a Miininster In His P41pit. 1immm, August 11.-"I beliove im) God the Father, God the Son) and God thl Holy Ghost." "You lie I" A shot, a cry, general commo tion. On Sunday, August 8, in the presonco of a iumerous congrega tion, this sacriligious scolo Was enacted in the (iatheral church' of Berlin, The Ryv. It. Heinrici was standing beforo the altair, re citing the belif' when a young man, risming froim a seat and inter rupting the clorgyman, gave him the lie, and at onco discharged a pistol at his breast. The noxt momcut he was in the hands of tihe sexton, and quietly suiYorod himself to be led away to the vos try. A portion of the congrega tion seated at a distance, having only heard the report and soon the c-ling smoko, without any definito notion of walit was going on immediatoly began to move toward the door, and created cou, siderable tumult ; but thoso near the altar, who had been witnesses of the daring attempt, retained their seats. In p1resei'Ving their composure, they had but imitated the noblo example of tho clergy man whoso life had just been placed in such jcopardy. The Rev. JH. I-einrici was un1 hurt; nor had the moral firmiess of the man whoso body the ball had missed been shakon. No sooner had the trying. interlude, the details of which scm to have been observed with terrible dis tinctnoss by thoso near, como to ain end, thian the intended victim anlmly rosutmed reading the creed, and with redoubled flervor pro ilaimed that belief the utterance of which had imperilled his life. After this, the services were con 11oinlrici left the altar, when the Rev. Dr. Kogel ascended the pill pit, and preached a sormon, in wlhich he introduced a passage expressive of his thanks to God for the mii-aiculous escapo of liiq clerical brother. Quiet had boon speedily rostorod, and the greater portion of the conlgrpgation, agi tated as they wero by the most powerful emotionl, left the church only after the fitial benediction. In the meantime, the criminal had been coiducted by a police. man to the nearest station, and examined by a superior offlicer. To all tho questions put to him ho replied with the utmost, frank iess at(l composure. Ire said ".\ly n)amitto is Biland. I am ninoteen years of ago, a Protest ant, and thle soi of a blacksmith, in the village of Lan111k, county o1 Lower Barnim, a few miles from Berlin. My parents sent me to a1 graimmar school, wishing me to becomi a candidiato for' thb minis. try in the Established Church. But my eyes were seoon oplned tc the creed I was expected soeic day to teach, antd my dlislikeO wa increasedC to dlisgust when I por' coived that manmy of those profos sing to holieve it were liars at heart. I refused toP pusu a ea leer which had become so hat,eful to mte, and1( resistedl all att.ompts 01 my parents to force me to portso veroc. "Eventually, I saw myself IofC by them to my own devices, am bantstudv artt-thei dlramati< art-I tmean I ishned to becom<i an netor, and1( to preach to th< pumblic in my own way ; biut th< religious mndan(~cit.y raimpan t a rounid me gave me no rest. Some: sawv iuttoring (deliberate uintruth,s whlileI others, kntow inmg thomti to b< such ,Iisten ed with cotem ) >tious ini di Iorenieo. Gt iduahy t augh miysel f that some stri k ing dCe( was ind(is[pesalo to rouse th, p)ulic mindi( from its apathy, a c-hase away the mists of supersti "I thoro-foro (determfined to sei, the flirst opplortuinity that offetre< for shootinig ai clergymian whiil the act of uittoring his accur'sei per-juries. I have (lone it. I hav myself ca-st thte ball andI dono m;, best to render the shot fatal. am sound in body and1 mind, an< scorn the suggestion that I hav actedl undler the dlistuirbing influ once of temraryOPt inisani ty. perfectly knew what I was about .and am conivinceed there are man; able to comprehend the disintet estedo(lss of my purplRo, thoug they may, perhmapM, nt approv the method ehosen to compass i My design was.to shoot Mr. Ipir r'ici, and I was pre pared to pa; the penalty of the deed." Such, in substance, was thm statement of the rot*kloss, mil guided young mian, Inquiries secom fully to confirm ia words. Ho having missod at. a distanco of three paces, at first gave rise to the surmiso that he had fired with blank cartridge; but it is only too true that there was a ball iii the barrel. The course of the hall has boon exactly traced. Passing Within an inchi of the clergyman's head, it ponotriated the oputn bal ustrado of the gallory, in which the Dom Chor-oplobrated for its vocal purformance--was station ed, and grazed tho co1100k of one of the choristors, a boy of' twelvo. The little follow, although his cheek instantly began to swoll, did dot leavu the church, but Sing his allotted part to the end. Tho Prifico Adalbert, the only mom bor of the royal family present, whle the survice was over, hias telned to express his sympiatly to the clerg-iyman and the little chor.. ister boy.- Corresponda nce London Times. The Ages of Animals and Men. When the world was created, and all vreatures assembled to have their lifletimo appointed, tho ass advanced first, and qIskod how lonhe would have to live. -Thirty years.' replied naturo; 'will that be agreeable to thee?' 'Alas ' said the ass, 'it is a long timo. Remomber what a weavi some existenco mine will be, from morning until night I shall have to bear heavy burdens, dragging corn sacks to the mill, that others may eat bread while I shall have no encouragement, nor be refreshed with any'thing but blows and kicks. Give me but a portion of that time, I pray thoo.' Nature wias moved wit) com passion and presented him with but eighteon years. The ass went away comfortod, and the dog catmle for ward. MirI'skisfdirr1itoI'd ;'tIrty Y01ni's were too man11y for the ass, but will you be content 'with them ?' 'Is it thy wvill that I should ?' roplied the dog. 'Think how muich I shall have to run about ; my foot will not.last so long a time ; anld I shall havo lost my voice for barking, and my teeth for biting, what else shall I be fit for but to lie in a cornel' and growl ?' Nature thought he was right, and gave him twelvo years. The ape then approached. 'Thon wilt, doubtless, willingly live the thirtyyoars ?' said Nature. -Thou wilt, not have to labor is the ass and the dog, Lifo will be plelasantl to theo.' 'Oh, no,' cried hio; 'so it may scom to others, but it will not be. Should puddings ever rain down, I shall have no spoonl! I shall play nerry tricks and excite laughter by ma y gri-maces, and then be rewarded with a sour apple. low often sorrow lies eoncealid be bind a jest. I shall not be able to endure for thirty years.' Nature was gracious anld h111 re ceiv'ed hut ten. At last cam m ni, he al thy and strong anid asked the num nber of' his dajys. 'WVill thir't.y years coontt t hoe ?' 'llow shior't a ti me,' exelai mod' man 'Whenm 1 shall hiave built, my house and kintdled a fire on m own heart h-wvheni the trees I shall have planated are ab'ou t to bloom [1( and bear fruit---when life with me will seemi most des5irablos I shall dieoI 0, Nature, grant meoa loniger 'Thou shalt havo thie cightooni .years of~ t he ass besides.' 'That is not enough yet,' r'eplied man. "'ake, likewise, the twelve y'ear's of' the (log' it, is not. yet suffcient,' reitor'a ted man ; 'give me moro.' '. give thlce, then, the ten yourms of thle apjo ; ini vaini wilt thlou crave Man departedn unisatisfied. , Thus1 mian lives sev'enty y'ears. The first thirty ar'e his human 1 yers andl pass swiftly by. 'le is jt hen healti by3 andi happ)y ; lhe labors ohcoorfully3 and( rejoices inl his ox vistenice. The eighteen years of the ass5 comesO netxt, andl( burden upon burd'oln is 'heaped uipon him; o lie carries the c'orn that, is to'feod .others; blows anid kicks are the I wages of his fauithlfuil service. T.he t.welv6 years of' the dog follows, 'andl he loses his teoth and growls. .When these are goga, the ap e's hi ten y'ofrs form the consolation. o Titan man, weak and silly, be ., comes the sport, of' chilhood. .['I'ranslated from the German. The memory of many persons e is nothing but a r'ow of hooks to Agricultural. Every farmor should have. ,a shop fitted up with such tools as are used by the carpentor, Joqker, macbini8t And blacksmith, or with those that w6uld be visioble "n makig repairs. Above all,.a foot. latho is very desirable. A go d foot.lathe costs f-om sixty t0 o hundred dollars; and the mnonio3 is well expended in the purchase, Articles of uso and ornament, mnado of wood, ivory and metal, may be tuirnod out by the foot-lathe cory veniOnt for us in the hipso or oi the fiwm. The prActico on .thq lathe is one of the most ,4soinating pastines for a stormy diay or ail uilnimployod evening. Apart from its use inl making and repairing, i4 is t pleasant companion for tho businoss-haunted and brin-wory; Ono who adopts it as a companion of his litisure hours, will soon be como an-1(lopt; and the mori h) uses and beconies %equainted withg it the better he will like It. li will be surprisod at the numbbd and elegance of the little artiolda of use and ornament he can prr duco from the rough material, an4 at the pleasure tiha the practice of a imechanieal art can aftord, -A southern slop , with sholter on the n1oirth, is a good location for a vineyard. The warmth re flected or evolved from ledges ot rock warns the foot of the grARQ. A dry, gravelly loam or a well, (Iraineld, clayey soil is most desira, ble, and the best grapes are grown on poorest soil. Deep, rich, me. low lounis, sands and open pltiil: should be avoided, adld no other manuro should be used than that. thoroughly decomposed, or asho and bono dust. Trenehing Is.un nocossary, becauEo the roots loyo, to be near the surface. Vines one or two yotrs old are best for tirans planting, and they shoul4 be o6 in the spring, not less than oiho 91y0s or prilvig,-wiro-ana WoWd On trollisos, the ronqwal principle, and other sciontifio systemsi' al have their advantages, but eXpo-' rionco proves that the largesti crops of grapes grow on trees over which the vines clamber at their own sweet will. This plan Is ox. tensively practiced in Italy, and in consequenco there is less mil. dow and early ripening, Keep Your Eye on Your Neighbors. Tako caro of them, do not lot themn stir without watching. They may do something wrong if you, do. To be sure you never knew. them to do anything very bad, bu.. it may be on your account thoy have not. Perhaps if it had not bon foiryonr kind care, they might have disgraced themselves and fimilies a iong tim6 ago. There. fore do not rolax any effort to keep t.hei where they ought to bo; nev or mind your own -business; that will talco care of itself. There is a mau passing along-ho is look ing ovcr the fenco-bc suspIeiousn of himu, poirha ps he contemplates. steaulinig one of these dark mights; thore is no knowing what queer fancies he has got into his head. If' you 11 ndI any symptoms ofany one passing out of the path of' du ty, toll oveory one else what you see, and be p)articular to see a great many, It is a good way to ci rculate such things, though it may not benefit yourself nor any one else particularly. Do keep something going--silentlo is a dreadful thing ; though it is sai.d there was silence in heaven for the space of half an hour, do not lot aniy such thing occur on earth; it would be too much like heaven for this mundane sphere. .If, after all y'onrI watchful eare, you cannot see anything out of tho wany in any -one, you may be sure it is not boonusc they have not done any thing bad ; pIerhaIps in an unguard od moment you lost sight of thoni --throw out hints tha,t they ar~e no botter than they ought to bo that y~ou should not, wonder if the pepefound out what they were after awhile, that they may ugot carry their heads so hight Kdeog it going and aome one may take the hint and( begin to help' you af ter awhile-then there will . be music, and overy thing will work to a ebarm. "B3ob," ad a young' fBI at sA fancy fair, "you are mistgafl. the sights on this side," e'Nve, mind, .Bill," rotorted Bob, "I am. sighting *all thie misses Qfn the' other." "Jack, your wife Is not so pen. sivo as she used to be ?" y"No, she has left that bff, an( turned expensive."