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THIEE 1)OLLARs A YEAR,] FOR TIlE DISSEMINATION OF USEFUL INTELLIGENCE [INAIULIx AnvANCE. VOL. III. WEDNESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 23 1867. NO. 4. THE HERALD IS PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY MORNING, At Newberry C. II., By THOS. F. & R. H. GRENERER, IiCRiS, 83 PER ANNUM, IN CURRENCY, OR PROVISIONS. Payment required invariably in advance. Marriage notices. Funeral Invitations, Obitu &, ani Communications subserving private teste, are charged as advertisemevts. Remarks of lIon. E. S. Keitt, livered in the House of kepresenta tives of South (arolima, on Ted needay, Decemb4er 19. ni the fullotring p read>t le' a&i t .rti tn introduced !>U hime i t o u e byWhereas. the changedl condiiG )n of our country. produced by the late war, iS s0 great as to re(i:re corresponding ciaILes in1 the Organie law. before the entire system of Govermiieint can be worked in harnnv : and wXh('reas, the pe,)ple of South Carolia are anxiolus that anmicable relat i n1s should h1e rest ore<1. as early as possible, bet\ween all parts ot the Union, that peace, 1rosiel'ity an1d happiness may retlui'l to the country. Resolrcd, That the General As eembly of the State olSouth Caro lina respect fully applies for a con volition of all the States comp1osing the United States of America. (two thir(ds of all the States concurring.) to be convened as early as possi .le. in accordance with the fifth :rticle ofthe Constitution. to fairly and fully discuss and1 propose such anendments to the Constitution as the condition of the country imperatively requires. ie'solreI. That hIs Excellency the Governor be. and he is herehv. requested to tranlsmlit a eertilied copy of the foregn)ing pieuma1n e and resolltiolls to his Exellener the Presiden otlhe Unitel States. with the rqClle>t that the stme be tranisllittel by him to Congress and also to transilllt (etI't1Iie i Copies of the samle ta t he GI OVeI'Ino1'S of them several States copoin the Unlited States ot A mericma. MR. SPmya:NI I rise for' thle purpose05 of speaking~ to the resohl tions which I have the hionior to p)resen1t tor thie cnisider'at ion :iol actionl of this' IOUSe. When the .ship is (<mt upIon the vast auni thle ginkniown seas. thle heavenis are )owering. withI cloud1(1 of Jneer, hmeavy blIackness. the thuierCi- are'c rolling, and the lighitnins :u-e reniding the skies, anid the~ terri'iIe -storm is sweeping,lL~ ini its w: and nladdelling filry, Over t110 vatt hosom of the mightv ocean. stir ring~ upi her pr1ofound!est dep ths. aind the wvav.es 1i>lill' 1h iln dashiung wL,yx over' th' dleck of' thle shh>. conc?ernaitin and terror mariner. lmawedl. StalltIs calm tirm and (eeet. at the howV of his ship; he draws his horoscope, takes his hitudi:e andl depar'tur- and( br'ings all safe into the haven of nolO e o1 liihi of Car'olina hals beeni weatheingt one of the wildest and most terrifie gales ihat has ever ,swept over~1 hul or 1'sea. Thme maddellin g stormlt that hias aged around her'. and the wild waves that have daShled over lie]r deck, bare swept :away al of her iing.i) The stormi~ has hulled, the temipest has been tlpeatSed, budit thle waves amre still i'olling high, and mnighty bre akers aire ahead of us. The President of the United States has assumed commfand o f th le mnoble old1 ship). andl it is for~ yul-hr (crew-to say whe ther' von will heed lim s e( i.!)an(lS, or whet Iler you will let your ship ift where'ver' thme winds and wave> may bear .leu'. As ibor myms-elt.mm determin~m at;i n has lonmg slin(ce been made. When the armies of the South were surrmemieretd: wihen I waIS'.ealled 1}>J11 byX liX (c(omand inmi. o(lf('r to lav (UX>Wu may arUlis: Wiln I H!'rHed mdy I l'k U1 onm r (iCimGenra! Shiirm:uO 5 vaSt. a'Imv. ini :oI'tIi ( 'arlina:, 1(1 nir I'rave comradeh in ark who~i ha beeni fearftul contest, that there was but one thing now left to us-we had but to go to our homes, go to work. and restore our country to law and order, and, if possible. to bring her back to peaee prosperity and iappiiness. This is my present determination, and I shall spare no effort to accomplish it. It is true, that some of the great and grand principles which have here tofore directed and controlled this great Government under which I we live, have been jostled from their track-wav, and have gone down forever in the fearful contest; but the President of the United States has given uts his word-he has ple(ged it to thewhole country -lie has mnadle this sacred and so(lemnlll pledge 1eftre the civilized w'orld-(lat it is his unitiltering and( on1(1lying deterinlat ion to resto're the tiep1)blic. as near as p"ssibl'. to her :m1(eieit simlhpli"1ty aoi 1ur1iity". 1In this. lie shall have myh ngl\in and( miOst c"Ordial When this grawnd ad terrific rev >lhliloIl, f'om1 whihl we are just ellerging, w,N-as inla ug,"urate(d. I was not inl political life ; but when mV State p1a.ed her ordinance of secession and called upon her sons to rally beneath her flig and de fend her, we went forth and did all we could to prevent the pre sent awful condition of things. We fought not to (lestroy- the North; we fought not to perpetu ate slavery ; we fbul(ht for self governmient we fought for the independence and separate nation ality of the South ; we fought for Southnel getniu1s. Souit hern civiliza tiol and Soithern society. These were thel high and noble sentiments which1 moved the g2r:uil masses of my ecoun trvIen. an(l which nmadtle thell irresistible luon1U so ]mlanly hard-fou1ghit and well cOnteste(l tields. Tllat \\' have failed in the her' ic effort, is n( argument that ('ou (alse was un1ijust and that we w\ere wrong. When thre Govern mienit of the Uniit ed States was formlded and organiized by the adoption andh ratiiet ion of the Const ituition which un it es :mdI hinds togethier the d (itferenit States of the. Unhion. South (Carolina vo)lun1ttarily acc(ededl to that inistru mnt. W\hat. I ask, was tihe great end and aim of the patriots of' the llev' hution and the fathers of the :anble to th'e Conustitution,. when her~ 1\md) and(l'1:1 or'ganiized the G overnimenlt ? Was it not to formi a mor iie perfeet UInionii. estal ish provide for tile common i defenice, priomolte the general welfare. and secure the lessings of liber'ty to lng a.s the Goiverniment was ad mi disteYed upon t hese igh~ and holy principles I proclainn and maintain that noi State upjoni the broai:d 'onltinenllt of Amnerica did muoreC for the htonuor, the glory and undying''~ fame oft the republie, than did South Carolina. There is not1 a page of her history in w'hich tile na:mues of her sons are niot inltim)ate ly interwxoved for their splendid deds and niob le examle, either in the State or F'ederal counc'iis, or upon the dlark and bloody fields of battle. It was not until 18Go, when the Government wats about to pass out of the hands of those who had admninistered her with equi ty anid julst ice, inito thle h ands oft t hose wiho hadti swornf et eruiah, bitter :tad uningVi hatte to the South,. who hadu openly pro'(chtimed that. tile (4onst iut 01n of ouri fat hers was ''a covenanlt with hell."' that Suth1 Carolina, blievcyin g her rights in the Cnion~ were insecure, odinanice of scess5ionl. Wi'ha:t, I as, was:1 thle oridinanice of seCession ? (it thle people of' tile State. of t.heir wishl and1 desire'c to pe(ac'eably with dUntif, but,if needs hru. thei ede-a t.rmini1ationl to do it at the po(init of~ ,G Levi'm' aoui thle ed-re ''f the.( sw-ord. When South Carolina took this position, she did no more than she had been taug;ht by the ablest statesmen of the re public from its foundation, and what she believed she had an in herent right to do; that, as she had voluntarily acceded to the Government, when the great end and aim for which the Govern ment was founded had failed, she had an inherent right voluntarily to secede. I have said that our failure to establish our indepen dence and separate nationality is 11(1 argument that our cause was unjust and that we were wrong. If the noble spirits who plt South ('1-lina in the attitude of seces Sio11 a:e tr'aiturs; if the heroic and gallant dead :111(1 iiviing Wi ral liled bieneath 1he old P1 eluetto flag. to delfend that posit ion.zare tr 1aitors; if 3III. Davis. Xio is I ow lanI gluish ing in prison. who (oiimlandied tlie armies :u1l navy of the South. froi whose noble )lips not a mrt' mnur has vet broken. is a 1raitor to the Constitution and laws of his ('tlitry, why, I ask, has he been denied a trial for nearly two years ? Is it possiUle that this grat Gov erinment, with her million of soldiers and her great generals, with her judges and her courts, is unal.le to bring to trial one single individual ? No. Why, then, I ask, has he been denied a trial ? Let history answer the question. They know lie is no traitor ; 'hey know lie stands upon the imperish able foUndation of ri'ght, truth and instice-yes. upon the f hundaen tal,organic.colnstitutionallaw ofthe republic, and they cannot convict him. There is no more potential arigumleit of the justice of the eause wlhich we espoused, and that we were right. than the failure on the part of the Government to bring! to a fair and impartial trial him who headed the armies and navv t f the South. But. Mr. Speaker, the war has ended. The contest has boln yieblded. Under our theory of the Government. we were out of the Anlin. 'Wec were vanquished. subjugated and subject to the terms oft thle conquerors. The P.resid1en t oft t he United States-the higihest civil and1( militaryV ofhl'eer known to t lie laws of' the R?epublic, a stat es m:mu worthy of' the enlighitened( age in which we live-imposed the terms. We have carried them out in god fait h. and to the letter. By his ordel~rs. the State Govern ment of South (Carolinla was re vived. and is now i full ope(rationl. I :an here t1o-day b y 1hait aut hority. H[e say's South (Cairolina is a State. and that she is now ini the Union. I kniow no hig~her authiorit;'. ('an the brave. the generon)s aund manly of the North go behinid the record of the (ief' Magistrate of their own c'hoice ? No0. Under the oppo~site theory (fou G11'(over'nment andl agatist whlichi we her'oi('ally' foug,ht for five long y'ears. viz: that a State cannot secede from thle Uniion,. South Carolina is niow a State. and she is now ini the Union1. because she could not get out otf it. lience, undler e'achl and( bthI of these theories. South C'aro lina is a State, and she is now in the Union. Such being the case, I wold have her he:n- hor~se!f1 as becomes a State in the Union. 1 amit. Mri. Speaker, thatgea ehanges have occuriired in the country i' dur'ing the ltte war, which neccessitate c'orriesponding chages in thle organie> himw. and2 1 ami prepar 1ed to m a ke su .ci han ges as will ameliorate the condition of' te ('011ntry'\ and1( advane th ivili'i zain of' thle age in which we live. ari'es here for solution is, how are these ehan ges to be ICmad e and mnet if' we woluld pr-eserve the pr'inci lels of the r'epubllie' ? The Conlsti ttio(n pints out1 but two mode(Is by whichi it can he donI e. Thei~ one is by Congre"1'ss. when tIWO tird of(l bI ot h HlouVs (deem it ne c'.arv Pr' nosine amendlmen t3 which must be alopted and rati- 'I fied by the Legislature of three- h1 fourths of the States, or by coi- a ventiols ill three-fourths t hereof. a before they can become a part of it the organic law. The other is by n a convention of all the States, coin- 1 yoked by Congress upon the ap- a plication of the Legislatures of g two-thirds of the States proposing t< amendments, which must travel ii through the same process of ratifi- p cation. An important qnestion is presents itself just here, viz: Is b the Congress, as now composed, tl the Congress contemplated by the t Constitution, and collp)ctcllt to t+ prop ose aleldl(llenlts to that in- l strionent ? J)uring the war, the g ingress. as now com1posed. was v collmetent to entact suc"h laws as il wVere necessary to peserve and 11 carry on the G,iIoverinIent. 1'ealse t he elevein tiOntIlerii States were I al esnt hv their own volition, and 1 there is no proVisioln in t he 'on- s stitutiol to compel their atten- v (lance. The case now. however. N is very different. The Southern tI States are clamorous to be admit- h1 tedl to their seats in Congress. a The Constitution knows no Con- t gress as competent to propose o amendments. except it is composed t of members from all of the States. a The present Congress is not con posed of members from all of the v States; therefore it is not comlpe- 0 tent to propos amendme11nts. t Hence. any proposit ion to amend il the Constitution emanating from l( that body, as now composed, are illegal, because void of the sane tion of Constitutional law, and you o cannot receive and entertain them C without a subversion of the princi- l ples of the republic. and a change t in her form of Government. An- t other equally important question t presents itself at this point, viz: Can we, from present ap)earalccs, t reasonably expect snlh a change t in the composition of (Cogress a1s 1 to render that boly comiipe tent. in t accordance with the provisions of V the Constitution. to propse amen d mients to that instrunment ? What t is the present conidit ion amli posi- t tion of t hings ? We live under a t great comlelx system of Govern- 1 menit, Demuocrat ie andI Republican e ini its' for,n dividedl into lthree great Diepartments-Lgislative, Executive and( Judicial. The Leg- a islative anid the Exec-utive arec the v two dep)art menits most intimiatelv 1) ndi directly connected with the r solut ion of lihe <quest ion befo re us. h I sha-ll, therefore, define onlyv their ti p)osit ions. The Executive D)epart ment has planted itself upon the C onstitution. which it hias sworn 0 to preseve, prot ect and dlefend(. and( it c-annot rcede1. The iLegis- z: lie Departmenit hia- taken its n] positio in antOgo n ismn w ith thet Exce-ut ive, and1, having been sus- Ii tainied ini it by a ElmjorityV of thle p N orthlern people, will no(t recede. r Thes two departments of the G o- hi vernmilent have. fori t he past twelve a months, been getting wider and ( wider apart each day, the Legis- a lative aull the time ene-roac-hinlg fi up~on and ab sorb inig the poer of 1 thle other two dlepartmnents ot thle v Government. We cannot, there- ni fore, re asonably expect such a ri ehnge in the c-omfposit.ion of the r' prsen)t Conigress as t,o render tl tat body com1pebtenlt, in acor- ni dance with the provisions of the a' Constitution, to propose amendl(- ti ments to that instrument. But t1 for- aull practiical p)urp)oses, the (Con- ii gress, as now 1Wcomposedl, is c-omfpe- p tentii to exereise such fimet ions as P are needful to preserve the G ov- t1 ernent--hav ing' been recogized( T1 as such by the Excutive and .Ju i hicial DI epart mentis of ihe Govern- 11 us byv which to propo se :anend- et ments to the Consttution. andi < abouit which no que-stin of (c u- g stitutionality cani be raised. is a Il coveton of all the St ates. Trhis n can11 only be had by- thle a~pliention of t he L-gislatures of I wo-) h.irds 1 o all the States to (Congress for 0l le reSO luttiols wi ich 1 have the onor to present for the consider tion of t he House, embodies that [plientiOl from this State, and I ivoke their passage, if you would lake an effort to save the princi le.s of the republic. Should you ilopt tlhem, Vou have all to the ain and nothing to lose. As ma rs now stand, we have no hear ig, while all of the groat princi los upon which the Government to bo projected and worked, are cing settled and established. If i1e resolutions ae adopted, and ie great end and aim contempla (d by them attained, you will are at hearing, where all of the reat questions that are now con ulsing the country and threaten i tli' oVert brow of the Govern ient, can be Ihirlv. fully. freely and borouglyll discussed and settle1. hope. ibrie" Ver. Sliould such a i odv e convoked. and you find your lVe:; in a hopeless minority. yon 'ill he in 0 no worse condition t han Oi are 11ow. Ever prp o))( isitioln Sameid the (il iitition w%-ill aVe to g,O back to the State'- and be dlopted and ratified by the .Legisla 'reS of tlree-fourtlis of the States, 1' lv convent ions in three-fburths Iereof before they cai becole a part of the organic law. The orth has made its p'o)pos tion, 'hich has come to us in the form fl)'oposals to amend the Consti Lition. In addition to its severity, emanates from a source of. at ast, doubtful constitutionality. lid we cannot accel)t it. Let this e our proposition. It is a fair ne. and is in conformity with the onsititution, and I trust will be indly received. Should you adopt he resolutions, and fail to attain be great end and aim (onltelpla Id by them. you will have the it isfaction. in future, to know hat you made the last great effort ') Save the republic. and you will eeive the 'well done" of the good, b1e generous and brave every here. Should we fail. hlowever, to at liin the grieat end( andi. aimh ('on mplated by the resolutions. then. > me, the future of' the American ope is dark and gloomy in the xtremne. It has taken all of the ast to make up the present. iIe -ao would uunderstand the p)resenlt nd judge of' the future must know ell the past. Kingdoms. g'overn ints. dyn astijes aind empires have iseni upon the( eath,i anid tlhey\ ae passed away foeer. Talk >me not of' the civilization of' the ineteenithI century\. I n the mid1st f civiizat.ion w'e are in the midlst f barbarismu. A people-an age roceds f'rom b)arblarism to c'ivili at 101. fr'om ('ivilizat ion, to refinuc ient, from refimInemnt to c'orrup on, then back again to barbarism. imt. tyr'anny,'' despot ismi anid op ression. I stanid to-day amuid thec 11ns of vandalism. We are not also civ ilized as were ei ther' the n'eient Greeks or Romans ; yet reee, with all of her c'ivilizat ion nd refinement, has almost passedl em the map oif thec world. The1 omanm Empire, that oncve co vered. 'ith the wings of her eagle, ali uost the entire continent of' En pe, conIvul and shaken by avolutions, has been scattered to .e winds. In the vast and iighty changes through which e are passing, I iuvoke you to -ust. not in men, trust not to cir indluences, for men and their fuenes c'hangZe and1 perish and a5s away forever. Trust prinlei le aone, for that alone survives ie shock of revolutions and time. he human m-iind and human pas ons are1' tihe s:ane to-day that icy everI h:ave 1bien, and t hey' will ininnlie to the 'last syilable of r'e >rded timelO." They are the same adaya that they, were whien the reat ( arthIiagen ian gener(1al wr mes ei ini mortal and deadiy c-ombiat on the ensanin1 ed pilainsi of plia with the soldiers oif the omani Republ Iic fB th Ile mastery' emirlle ;thley arie the samie to met _ompey 1on1)) the (lark aniI bloody field of Pharsalia ; they are the same to-day that they were when Lord Chatham, in the English parliament, curbed the haughty sp)irit of anl oppressive Government ; they are the same to-day that thcy were when Mira beau, scattering abroad the thun ders of his tribunitial eloquence, staggered for a moment the French Revoluttion; they are the same to-day that they were when Napoleon, the Great, pointing to the Pyramids, grey with forty centuries, kindled an enthusiasm, before which numbers were as nothing, and banded Europe sank down in disastrous defeat before his proud and victorious columlns, and he dictated terms to every GOvernmnent Ipon the br1"o:d cO1 ti11ent of .IurOl)e, frm)u their oWnl prou. l and boasted capi tals. lrust, then, not to men ; trust 1iot to their int1llienees trust alone to pcipe. I~..rely, in the history of the world, has a people ever pasc'1 throulgh a revolution so grand and terrific as that from which we are just emerging ; but it was soon followed by another, which was more awful and disas trous in its results. Trace back the long trackway of the mighty past. and survey those vast fields upon which the human mind and human passions have displayed themselves for thousands of years. Go to Europe, that splendid the atre, upon which the arts, sciences, literature and human society have attained their highest forms of perfection, and imbibe lessons of wisdom and learning as they have been evolved by the experience of those who have gone before us. How fared it with that beautiful country when the vast bordes from the great North poured( down like a m1lighty flood, deluging all the land? On rolled the revolutionary tide. until they watered their horses in the Tiber, and stabled theml in the palaces of kings and rioted1 in the fe.stive halls of empe ror and( conisul. Nor was5 their lust for pelf and p)ow~er even sati ated then. On rolled the revolu tionary wave, until they had con fiscated every acre of land through out Southern Europe, andl divi(ded it out among their oftieers, sodiers and followers, and upon those aw ful and territic ruins arose the feu (1a1 system. Such has b)een the history of Southern Europe. has this been true alone of that b.eau itl e(ounltry ? No. Cross the English channel. and go to ELng land-proud old1 Englanud-whose flag float sbeneath every sky; whose drums beat all around the world; upon whose dominions the sun ceases not to shine; whose comn merce covers every sea. andl whose proud fleet plouighs the dark blue wves over every oceanU. Ho0w fared it with this noble old king& lomn in times long since gone by ?V She has been four dIiiterent times subi jugated. Heir ha ws, mamnns. customs and institutions have all been sub)verted and changed.; lhe last time, by the proud Nornnan conqueror., who invadIed her soil with a vast army, and fonuht af rt:at >itchedl battle just out side of London. Thje EngAli army was5 defeated, they laid down theiri armns just as you dlid after the sur render of Lee and Johnson. and went to their respective homes, and resumed their usual avoca tions. The proud conqueror en t ered1 their imperial capital, with his banners flying t riumphantly; he took possessionl of the country, and( dlotted it with his garriSons, and swore, upon the alar of his God, to preserve inviolate the Con stitution and laws of the kingd~tom. The nobility fromI evey1 pavt of the realm, Cr(ow\ded inl and 1sw( re allgiance to him. How were these sacred1 and s 'leum ledgeQs kept ? Six mn Ulths had Isarely lassedl by hetore thbe proud con icror retired to his native N~or -1nrailE oleers ThhIey bore (ownl upi1n the pw; ltphi-tie result was a seccidi 'Cevolution1. Tlle nevs had searc;lv crossed the En gi sl chalnnel. and broken uo)0n the Cars of the n-oild coniqleror, ere he returned to Engh11d and raisecl alother' vast army, with which lhe rollel over her like tho waves of old ocean, He crushed amt annihillateud every obstacle; he confiscate'd the lands of England, and divided them out among his officers, soldiers and followers; and inaugurated and establishlecl there, too, the feudal system which he found in Southern Europe and France, Such has been the history of our kind in times lonr since gone by. The New World is trav eling- around the same great circle over which the old travelled cen tl'ies agoo. I he same causes will, indicr like circulsl,tanes. produee simi r effects. Give me ihe same prelmlises. :i(l I will make the sanie del lici ions. Let us profit I v the ex:nple :aul expc"riec!Ce of those Who have cone h before uls; let us, if pSsi1le. save the republic; let us preserve those great p)riinciples that have cole down to us through the gathering of almost a cE"tury, cemented, haptised and established hbv the blood of a brave, heroic and illustrious an1ces:c. after ,oven long years of suf ferings. privations. defeats and victories. With these remarks, I leave the question inl the keeping of the House, relying, with an unshaken contidence in the Providence of God, that they will .olve it wisely, A Faithful Promise. 31ajor B. had command of the batalion of Texas cavalry, well knQwn to the people of that State far its deeds of daring among the snow-capped mountains of New Mexico al(l the swamps of Louisi, na.-While serving in L ouisiana, )revious to the first raid of Banks on the Red River Valley, he fell in love with a sweet grl, proposed, and was accepted in duu form. But just at this juncture, Bani' columii came along?. carrying~ ruin anid (desolationi in their track. Ohr forces fell back into the interior, but the vi-dr young girl reniainedl with her mother on tihe p)lantation. When the Federal army retreated to Br shear city. the Confederates were close upon their heels, and, of cour~se, onie of the first acts' of the enamored MIajor was to call upon his promfisedl bride. 11er mother had beeni ruined by thsi raid, the neg~roes had all boen cart ried off. stuek all killed or taken away. everything of value about the plantation had been burned or destroyed. The youngia lady met hier lover and said, 'Gwhen I en gaged myvsel{ ~o vou I w;as the ow ner of thiou.Muids. h -day I aln pen niile-ss. It is not right to hold you to your.pledg.e under these circuim stances. You arc free." "No," re plied the 3Major. - I love you and not you- pr'operity. You are dlear er' to mec nlow thlan eve.". Som.e mVonths after'ward thle Mfajor fell uesp'eratlyl wounided'i while br:vely fitingL at the head of his b)atal iont at thle b at the orF'ordoche. Hoe lingered long~ in the hospital, bdt wvas ti n:lh- able to conme out-a wreek of his former self.-HJis right arm hadl beeni amputated andl three fingers had been taken oi' his left hiand. The lady was his tender and dlevoted nurse, all those weary months of suffer ing and confinement.-When ho began to convalesce, he said to her, "I am a cripple andl must be help. lss all my life. It would be se! lish inc to ask you to throw away yourtself oh such a wreck as I amr. 'No" said she. "you did notl deser't mei in my distress arid 1overtyi iOnd niothinig shall part us~ They niow live in the Valley of - in T exais. affordhing a beauti, ful examilple of hauppiness and of he rewVard attend'ing true noble, b]eles of sOul. The prospecrity of Baltimore at the prsel time is "unnrecedentd.".