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T.ii. GENEKER TERME-$1,50 FOR STX) q 4 C4. I. GRENEKER. MONTIIS, IN ADVANCE.. VOLUME IL NEWBERRY S. C. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 18, 1800. NUMBER 16. 6-* THE HERALD 1S PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY, At Newberry C. R., -y TOS. F. & R. H. GRENEXER, LDITORS AND PROPRIETORS. RMS, $1,50 FOR SIX MONTR., EITHER IN CURRENCY OR IN PROVISIONS. kPayment required invariab?y 'En avaiee.) Advertiseme-ts4%serted at 1 ,50 per: quare, for l t" eiton, -1 for each subsequent insertion. _Iarr-age notices, Funeral invitations, Obituaries, -tnd Communications of persoual interest charged 'as advertisements. -The Repeal of all Test Oatlis a Require ment of Peace. The experience of mankind is againtt cither the policy or wisdom of test oaths. They ire inconsistent witn the existence of Republican institutions. They are utterly opposed to ti spirit or legislation of a free people. They are the emblcms of vengeance. They can scarcely be regarded as among the synWols of liberty. It is, therefore, with pleasure that we reco, d the efforts of the lion. W. E. Finck, one of the representatives from the State of Ohio, in favor of their repeal. All honor to those statesmen, of every section, who, amid the clamor and fanaticism of the present, remain firm in their adherence to the Constitution and to the great cause of public right. Rising supe:ior to the madness of the hour, they would still preserve the freedom of the coun try, in deed as well as in name. They have nut yielded to the domination of a partizan ship, which would, in the blindness of its fury, sweep away every landmark ofjustice and ac customed law. Fettered as the South now is, her people ca-: do but little more than render to the President and all true lovers of their country the honest ttibute of their patriotic judgment. Having a few days since briefly alluded to the unconstitutionality of these oaths, wIe would now say a few words in reference to their inexpediency. Their effect certainly is neither to harmo nize the-country or to promote kind and fra ternal relations between the different States. Their result is to shut out nearly the w'-)c of the people of eleven of the Commonwenhos from any practical participation in the affairs of the Government. Mr. Finck thur-clearly illustrates their log ic : "Now what is our duty to the people of the South? Is it to crush them, and while we impose upon them the Lurdei;s of Govern rnent exclude them from its benefits I It is to seek by our legislation to degrade trem and make them outlaws ? We have determ ined that they shall remain with us, citizens of the sanfe conrmon government. Shall they 'remain with us as our eqduls or not? "I want 1hem to return to their full and ,complete allegiance to the Constitution, not as an inferior or degraded people, bul in their true manhood, as the equal" oijthe people of -every otAer SAtte We must have contidence in them, They and their children are des tinedl to lire with us andl our chilren for gen -erations to comne. It is best thait we shouldI live together on terms of friendship and equal ity." T~he continuance of these oaths upon the :statute books is contrary to the amnesty which has been granted by the Executive. The power for this prerogative is beyond the authority or control of Congret-s. It is -derived from the Constitution it>elf. The see ond Section of the second Article vests in the President the power to grant pardons and re prieves for otfences against the United State. The grant is without limit or qualification, 'with the single exception of cases of impeach -ment. Not only so, but Congress itself has recognized the wisdom of this provision of thec organic law, and committed itself in favor of the policy pursued by the President in refer ence to this matter. By its enactment of the 17th July, 1S62, it declared that the President wvas thereby an 'thorized, at any time thereafter, by p)roclaa -tion to extend to all persons who may have .participated in the existing rebellion, in any -State or part thereof, par-don and amnesty, with such exceptions ar.d at such time and on -such conditions as he may deem expedient for -the publbe welfare. In pursuance, therefore, of the Constitution itself, and with the sanction of Congress ex plicitly upon the record, the President, on the 29th of May last, did by proceamation an -nounce his terms of complete amnesty, which -have been accepted and complied with by the people of the South. The necessary result is that they are there by restored to as comnplete anfd entere an era - -Iy~ with thepeo@ple (qTeVery othecr Maite as, if thwtar had nerer occurrd, or any czil strug ple takeniplace. The amnesty sweeps away every statute of disability. It destroys not -enly every pretext. but every weapon of war, Whethteron the field or in' legislation. The amnesty has bee?n acceded to. It is - -icacious and operative. Congress has, there yore, no more legal authority to keep up the -semblance of a war by hostile statutes than it would by embattled hosts. The strife is over. '4t shouldi be so -recogn ized by every depart enent of the Government. And that this view 4s correct is apparent if we consider the effect 'of the amnesty proelhimned by' the President. Lilly in his abridgmnent,thus states the law: -"A pardon," says he, "discharges not only the opunishment which was to have been inflicted upon the person that did comnmit the offence pardoned, but also the guilt of the offenhce it -self. It p,ardons the fault so clea'riy that in the eye of the la1w the offender i- as ianuocnt as if he had never committed the orN,ee." So, too, Bacon, in his abridgement, im dis -cussirig this question, says: "It was formerly 'doubted whether a pardon could do more than take away the punishment, leaving the crime and its disabling consequ~ences removed. But it is now settled that a pardon, whether uy the King of- by Act of Parliamnt, rewa'res not only the pu~nish?nent, it all the leg-il die whilities conseq ent on the crime" A test oath which excludes from ofmie, on secount of voluntary participation in the re cent civil contest, certainly is a "disabling consequence" of that participation. To al lege, there fore, that the amnesty of the Presi dei t does not, by its force and effect,remove this takes away the punishment it sti es tile disabling consequece's of in'e ali"geA ofTence Operative. But this is Co!trary to the decla rations of the law. This annouces that the effect of the amniretsty is f(,u('rC a ep / t/ ],I4InI 7~i -*, ba it 4 ,eV bilitic.. The statement of the propositiou is its own (emonstration And to the same purport are all the anuthori ties. Bishop, in his celhrated treatise on the criminal law, says "Tie effect of a full pardon is to absruve the party fromn Ill the le gal conseqluences of hiis crine an his con viction, direct and collateral, including the punishmnent, whe her of impiisonmient, pec niary penaity, or whatever the law else pr:o vides." In fact, as Bac .n states in another part of .i rdement, nardon so far clears a party of all co'sequenrces of ii. chargd e: loffenlce &/ he wy ie a aMot a;&4<myone ?!i (Adl (trav<ml cu !! him & traWr "- Ji . And tho reason of tis primciple is thus clearly set forth: "jr. j"naa. i.lc 1 i (rc, f iic;r ma/n. And vet, in vio a'ion of iis confit withh the terms of the oath prescbid iy the nsti u tion, in violation f tihe fact ofita being a war mcasure, in - ichitinl of its iconsi>tener with tihe provi:.iol.s ofthe amnimest if the Pres ideAnt, the test owah of i 2 is stil unrepealel, and. in) fact is eisnr Ceo withincreased averity ard stri: gvne We trw-t that a wiser and m14re enlightvned spi'it will prevail, and that the full orb b i complete 1eac n ill smon dawn upon every portion a-nd section of the country. HaIpton. ;o;1ds Conferenc,. OFFICIAL ACCOUNT OF IT Fn.oM SECRLTAn-Y SEVA !D. DE.mRT-NT or S1Arr, { W"_AF:mTN(;ToN, Feb :nary 7, 1663. M. SEWAO TO Mi. ADAMS. Si:-It is a truismll that in times of peace there are a%va!is i.ttrs of war. o S'on a a war be-gins thea are iizens who ina tiently demind nepoi::hins fAr Imace he advointes fur war, %Rver an agitatir lq - sorter, generally pin thidr fAn M Lnd, tough the a decar is not unfrm-y unne * Zsay ua nie So ec c itam1,wS in timle (f wa'r, im ly b ing bont an aba9i-nment of the Co W-Smetiines with out scmuring the advantuges which werW or igi nlliy exieted froml 0he n t The agitators for arl. inl Limc of pence, anrl fr peace in time (fwr are not nece"mai m.,r perhaps ordina ioy, unpattintic in thwir pur p-tes and motivks. RuiTs alone eternr whether tiey arc wise or u we. The treaty of peace signed at Gua:bupe Hid&o vas. secured by an irregular 11nHtKIn under the ban of the Gover!rmeint. Soiie of the et:t whicb have been rmadle to bring about n Pt tions with a view to end our civil war are known to the whole world, because thev have mployed fvreign as well as domietic agents: others with whom you have had to deal conii dentially, are known to yorslf, a ugh they have nut publicly t ran i red ,h e Cf forts have occurred here, v hich are known oly to the persons actualn movi.; in thm aNd to this Governmint. I am now- t) pv vou fr your inforn:ation an account of an A fair of tie same zera in chnarntr whL; re cently' r-eceived much~l at tt h*, an wicia dloubtless will excite imp:yl Ior a. A fewa days ago, Fr anceis P. !EXr, 1g , of Maryland, Cbtai ed foman thre PreVidt a sha-~iI pe I ave to pas thrrouigh .i ur iitar ies, without de-tinrite views ktnowrn to t he Govern- l meat. Mr. Blair vi>ited Richnd, Cnd on his return hre shrowed to) thle Presil en t a letter which Jefersoni Davis had w: it ten to Mr. Blair, in which(1 Davis wrote that Mr. Blair was at liberty to say to President Lmeoln that Davis was now, a:; he had always beenr, wil lig to send Conarni.rioners, if assuredl tihey would be received, or to receive any that should be senrt; that he was not disposed to find obstacles in farms. lie would send.Comn msioers to confer wvith the Pre-ide-nt, with a viewa to the restoration of pearce bretweecn the two countries, if hre could1 be assucred they would be received. The Pr'esident, therecupon, on the 18th of Janurary-, addr'essed a note to Mr. Blanr, in which the Preside-nt, after rck nowlI edgng that hre had read tihe note of Mr. I )vis, sad he was, iS, and ahvways should be, wil!ing to receive any agent that Mr. Davis, or any other irnfluerntiai person, now actually resist ig the authority of thne 'Governmrent, nugnft send to confer informally with the President with a view to the restoration of p~-ect to theo people four -corm in aCounrt ry. Mr. Ei viie Richmond with iris lctte-r, and thren cam b ck; again to Washington. Un the 29th in tnt we were advise I fron: the Camp ofL Liuterat General Grant that A lexanrrrc H.~ ' Stepens, R. M. TI. H unter and dohn A. Campbell were appyir;g or leave to pass thrna th linaes to Washington as P'e:.-e Coimm .nr to confer with the Pt esident. Thney were per mitted by te L"Ieu.teniant-Gieneri'l to Ccno to is hreadquarters, to wait tInere thre c tmn of the President ljorhti E';k.rt was se-nt dowv n to meet tire prt from Rich~mm.nd at (Gene-"al Gran's hcaiqu rteirs The una-r was~ nir-vt d to deliver tn themv a1 copy of the P re idt's !ter to Mr. lar. with a note to be aIrs to thnem tani nigned by' the h- j:r, Iinxwhich thevy n'ere di'-ctlyv irrn med that if threy should be allowedU to) pss'r lines they would be unrderst.ood as coing for arn informal) e-n ference upon thre basis of rhe afir>-namred ister of the 18thc of donuairy to Mr'. Blair. If tin-y should express thleir asenOt to tis condition in writing, then Major Eckert was directed to give themt safe conduct to Fortress Monroe, whe-p a person corning from tire President would mueet them., It beCing thotughit proha be, front a report of their conversation mitni Lieuteant-Geuneral GIrant, thant tire Ric hmond party w ould in the mranner pr-escribed accept the -condition mentiorred, the Secretary of State wvas chrarged by the Presideirt with tihe duty of repr-esenting this Goverrnent at th-n expectedl informal conrferencre. Thre Secretary arrivedl at F'ortress Monroe on the nigh t of the 1st day of Februrary-. Major Ecker t met hn rthtie morning of tire 2d of February with the infrmration thrat thne per'sons who had come fromr Rich Iand Ihad rot accepted in writing tire conurron up on which he was5 allowed to give them Con11 dnet to Fo'rtress. Monroe. Th .iO jor had given the same information bry te'negraphI to the Presidenrt at \VMshmgton. On receiv in' thris infoirmationl, the Pr-esidlenit pnrepme CI a t'legramn liecting the Secretary to) return to w asrgnnt Teecerwas preparimg. at u.C Same mlomnent, t oo So, ;ithout %Vnilm" for i-tructiions from the Prie tnt. It at atlhed to the Srtary of WV-Ir. as v:cIl as to the Secrta'y of Stote that the rarty ft om Rihmond hltad recon-idered1 ando acce.pteu tne oididIs tendered them through Mijor Eck e: t, aid General Grant urgently ndvikd the Preident to confer in per:on ith the Rich L~Wer the circum.tances the Secretary, by the. Presi(entts irtion, remained at 1 urtrcss Monr> aN t President joined hi C tr on the !iKht of Ite 1d of Flruary The Richiond pa Q was brought down the jan:vs Nie in I a MYite tates Steam trans )poIt durn1g te day, and thu trainsport was an chore tat amtonl11 Ros. On temoringof, J thePrto et tt c rccived Messrs. attephens u r aId!( phe!!, on boild the Uite t1atesL e:u inmsport River Que in laimpton Zo:aIs. Thii conference was ailto gether inUforima. There was no attenuance of ecrtaries, elikS. er other witnnkS.e. Noth i was viitten or hra e. The conversation, 1t mh ern':.and I) ve, was calm, and court couu, nid kind kon Wtir sides. The Hichnond pant 'pr'ached the discu.,ion raitier ndi c ti d, a a t 1no iiC 6id tIL CithCr ma1-1ke t Avgo:i demnds er rtdur rmial stipla tns, or aboluts refs. N vertheless; du' ring the cnk'rece, which lafed four hours, the several points vt !ue betwe on the Govern imnt oi the isurgWs wveze d Yis-tictly raised and din.ed fily, Citeig(e.nt 1v and in an aniable spr What the insurpgent party seomd chielAy to fvor was a postponement of the qUi' of siaction opn whSich.I the war is wagd, and a mt directio in of the el01rts 01 (ACrnmlit ;s we ULl as those of tlhe' ;uvin gent.s to somne (Ntliisic policy Or Sche fir a s i, during which passion unight be exzpected to subid, :nd the arnies to be re diiced, id trade :,nd inteutse between the 1Wp1 ' ith sO OCt 'itns resum'e1d. It was 1' SU . 'odvb theml thla"t thfrene'h FluChT piostpone-0( ment w miipht nowx l have inunediate peace, u Il' An t very crtati pro'p'ct of an ul ii :justment of p liticalre 't bI twIeL this overnmehit and the Statt , sections or pevople now engaged in con Wint with it. Tiigge.stion, tOugh, In iertl con si was, niverthelss, rem5rd'e by the Pre 't n s one of arn.stice or truce, and So annIuced that we ,a agree to (; ;cati Sri su 1Sonl of hosi ilities except on the bais (1f th'e di'lban!dmn.".t c-f the insur1gc-t forces and tho r"stera!n er tue i.aLoy! .-.a i thruth, all the Status in the m0. q:. ad in su'ordlnat.on to the pooi tO.Is u%hich wCrc t hl's announeco, t e anti --!-(Ve'y I'olicy of !ho United States was re'i' "w ed ill its ears, ad the Pr('stident an IOuntCed that i emst n t be Cxpectd to do ptrt from the pe,itios hc had heretofore as sumc,d in hi,s provl,,,mation of (mncwipation a o othr d ementl S, these pciF*'.t: ,ns were cia tedI ill hi Inst %nnual mese. It wvas uther dec1aret1 by the Prusidient that the 1m11 te resteration of the natio,nal authorty In ndispnbl ond('01ition of any assent anu u'"par to whate'er f'rm of per'ace 1uight be prapoose1. To President assured the other p:i ty that while he ust aren : to the.Cse posi tifn., heo wo. he prepared, as far as power istltdged with the Executive, to execise libe ralitv. I II5 power is limiit''d by the Constittution. Andi when peace shon!d be0 made, Congress mos necesi3Sly act in r'egariid to appriioprTia t'ons (f manOIer and to admissioni of' Repre '-en tatives from the irsurr'ection'ury States'. Th Richmoitnd party' were then i:formled that C on'gre'ss had on thb 31st ultimto adoptevd, byI a. cons-ti tutio'nal mrjol i ty, a Joint Reslu5)ttion, subit~) ig to the SOeerai States the propomitionl to' ali'h slavery itroughou t the Union, arnd iht there is ev'ery reason to expect that, it wtill soon be acceplted by three-four ths of the Sfttes so as to be-come a part of the natmonal or ganie lawi. The contfercnce camne to an end by mu'tual ::cquiescence, n ithout procuring an a'cce'inent of views upon the sev'eral matters d'-cuMd or ' any of them. Nevertheless, it is pe'rha"ps of sonic im1'ortancre that we have been able to submijt ouri opinons and views direet 17 to [ promiienlt i':surgnt', andu to hear themu answer' in a coturteouts and not unfriedfly man ncr. I amt, Sir, 'ouir obe'Iilt servant, WVILLIAM1 Ii. SEWAR~D. C I Es Fn.LNcis AnAMs, Esq., etc. \ Nr. Cto;ANIZATIoN.-rlThe Mlacon (ie. of MBrc-b sth, rnakes known the exi.stence of ci-ored mna in Georcia, n'uderr the title (of the "Equann!BlRihts A'senition," the memiibers of which are~re'4nestedt to meet "'to attend to businie's C-f gr'eat impIortance. ""Vnew'i'er of theitr ow1n. which they caill t'I' (l ii 'rgin". The 0 oet of tihe coloreC ~perle 'ris" set forth in the "Loy:I Ge 'ot gian," i to iitiate a no-:e:nent by which~ a1 Lcolrd m- ii ll b sent from ea th "so'' irn "tate to i" formi theo Presadnt fily in reid to the condJition of the raic'. Th 'e "An0ition "::0I' proose to send.ila delegL% to 'onIrs:s s on as sufw-cient money can be ::u. for t he puirpose. In commttlenttig on the I'I .egin sttemnttLt, the Citizen says thte wi ist and omst in'ohier'ent views are enter t intd hU ith aea lred musis w ithi re f''ence ( to 1n antiiated Ldawnl of h!iis, and cal's iupon te "''ate II :cainye to) ask assistance from thtinN Sttuets authori'ties to avert 11m !EmaA.-The f!oing'lt. is ant extract from a letter from IIenry W. Johnson, Esq., of Monrovia, Ldated .January 6. 1.fiG. Johnson is ain eloquent and talen t'd colored lawyer from Ctanandnigna, New York, wthere he wias admicd to practi*e in the Supreme Court. Hec emigtratedI to liberia in .June, 1865, withi his f:nni!y, and rejoices in the country of his adt(1option: "1 ant -:'er much pleased with Liberia. I have unboutLded admfi irtiont for the country. It has a "lorious future before it. It mfust, sooni0ier or later, he the future home of the blac main of America. fy famr.ily are now in g lthiorough th1e aecclim at ing f. ever. Prof. Freeman, of Libeoria College, and faninly are nw ti'o(roug hlyi acel imate'd, ad are enjoying th m'elves vecry rneh. I think, with the 01in of~ Io and ordinary prudence, my own faily wiil be ennally1 fotunatitte." A-pin hats as umnel head as a good many au .b'rs, nita n a. dcn1 more noinit. Te I;cstructicn of commma. It will be rlemenberoed that the letter we recently pulishcd from Gen-ral Srman conicerning the destruction of Collmbia was addressed to Mr. Benj. Rawls, of Colunia. BeloW is a letter from M R1awI, taken from the Colnmb1)ia !?':oownix of yesterday, throwingp the whole responsibility of the desrucn of that city upon General Sherman ; this, too, from a Uiinm man : CoA.MMAm S. C., %fircli 2, 1S16. Tu 1jrGnrlW T. 1,2rnin, Sm Your letter of the 8th March instant is betfore me, in which you, in positive term1L, deny giving orders for the d-estruction, Iy tire, of the city of Colunbin. I have in m1V land an aflidavit made helore rn of the As sociate Judges of Superior Provost Court, 1st Sub-Pitrict, Wester-n D)partment, South Cairolin. in the words following: "On the evening of the 17th day of February, a sol (ier at my gate said to me, did you ever see hel ? I told him no. Well, said he, you wait Uptil night and you w-ill sen heil, for we in ten,d to bin every damned house that there s in the town. Accordingly, about 7 o'clock, or a little after, I saw the fire commence c the noxt square from where I live." "On the 18th day of February, 1865, a soPier of Gen. Sherman's amy met me at my gate ; le said that Gen. Sherman had given them a f,irlou-zh for thirty-six hours to come into Columbia and do as they pleased in regard to firing and the destruction of the citv." But, sir, as regards the liability of the Gov ment to indemnify their loyal subjects for the loss of their property. Ycu were in command; and if the loss occurred through eit'hor nev Iect or incompetency, it is immaterial to the sufferer ; lie does not lose his right of red,-ess by either. And it is not to )e prestumed that the Gov ernment would entrust a man with the com mand of fifty or sixtv thousand troops, and that he could not make them obey his orders; and there is the greatest abundance of proof to be obtined here, that the soltlers uner your com1manid, on the 17th Februiry, 1K5, hrew fire-balls, ilambeau and other fireworks into the houses, the bed-rooms, and on the of', and prevented the fire-engines from slacking the fires, by cutting holes in the cather hose to keep the water from flowing to the engines. You know the old l.w adage "What you do by your agent you do by your sel." As for the order of Gen. Hampton causing the destruction of this city, it is in onsittent with nature and with reason, to S i L im: 'd vI to destrov his own home and property. is oraer -wns to jru vent property falling into the hands of the T0:, sir, T presume, believe with me, that our faiters, who framed our Government, wer, % ise and good men. But, as all men are b.I-rn in ignorance, and have to get wisdom by experienc,V. byc exin c,teha not arrived at per f"etion ; nor did they see the absurdity of the State rights doctrine, and the doctrine of the Constitution being the supreme law of all the tates, at the same time.' This doctrine of State sovereignty was maintained with great tenacity by a large portion of our leading poli ticiaos'to the close of the late war. In 18 t ran so high as to cause South Carolina to pass an ordinance nullifying an Act of Con ress. But as God would have it, we had in he chair of the Federal Govern~mert, a', that ime, a master spirit, in the person of Andrew ackson, who, by issn ing to the State a spirit ed and friendly'proclamation, declared that dil the forces and power at his c'ommand, in the United States, would be put in requisition to enforce obedience to the law. Wonld to God a similar proclamation haO been issued by Buchanan or Lincoln ; for, without that oedience, the wheels .of Government must top. Btut as there is only a very slight dif ference between Jackson aind Johnson, I hope there may be no more (difference in their sue ess in restoring the reign of law and( order throughout the United States, by doing jus tice to both parties according according to ieri t. "Syve to the righteous, it sbhll he well im, for he shall eat the fruit of his dio ng; say ve to the wicked, it shall he ill with iu, for the rewardl of his hands shall be giv en him." This is God's eternal, irrev-er.ible ecree ; and a person may as well say, I can put miy handi into fire and it shall not be burnedl, as to do evil and escape punishment. Sir, I rejoice that this bloody, unnatural, ucalled-for war has end(edl, and settled the uestion of State Rights and State sovereign ty, I hope forever ; for I know it has been a ource of discord ever since the formation of the Government, and even before and at the tme of its for mation, between the Fedcral and D)rematic parties. Myv father, brothers and uncles fought ,suffered and bled to achieve the independence of the United States. I re member the angr-y discussion between the Wig and Toryj p'rtir-s (as they were then called), and, afterwards, they were the Fede rais anid D)emocrats. When South Carolina passed the ordinance of secession in 1801l, my poor heart trembled in my breast with the apprehension of a war; ut a great many of our preople did firmly be Hve that the United States Government v onld not make war, but would jet theO seced ing States go in peace. I did have a hope that we would in that way armdl war ;for, althotgh I was only a child in the Revolution, had sniered enoneh to know some of the evil of a war, besides the destruction of life. The thousands of innocent ar.d helpless wo men, c:hildiren, aged and unoffending farmers. tradesmen, and, in fact, all dasses of people, it is enough to sicken the heart of any human who has sensibility. And the horrid harhari t, such as that brought to view in the atiid VIt quoted above, is too bad for the contem plation of any human, much less of any C riu tan people. To give afurlough to lifty or sixty thotusand soldiers, to go into a city among females, children and ol mn, without ar-s or any protection, to do as they -please for thirty-six hours; it is not any wonder that a man would feel ashamed to let the world know that he had done so, w ithiout he intended to either quit the country, or mnake the country quit him ; far better would it be, and miore Christiaulike, to go with and keep them under command, and see that they did ony what was right, and not inflict pain and punishment on the innoccnt :"lest, in destroy ing the tcres~ ye root out the wheat also.'' "Sir, I h ope and believe there are in Con gre. .mcne of roofeelin annod sense enougi to doJ t:e, and h . nonov tat 6 en. Shiernn was the a ,It of the GovrnenIII t and if he (id wro:ng t any loyal subject, the 6overninent is r'sponi le for it. I say, as I said last A ngust in a letter to his ExcelleIIcy Andw Johns.or, MV own Government has toy i v b buruing with fire myv propcrty 1whih had acquired anrd laid up f'r my Support in old age, and left ine with,out he nece ries of life, an(i all that for no fault of mine; a ld I now implore itdem nity for imy loss flcm that Government who las taken my1V livinqg from me. YUurs, respectfully. BENJ. RAWLS. Tmr T:-Wi:nY Corm:.-We resume to dayV the puh:ati' r of the T-.;- Y - rir, wich was suspended on ackunt ofthe interruption of maii facilities after the terai namon ofi the war. Now t1hat we are aain placed in communi cation w.ith our old patrons in the interior, by tC cxten;,;on of the various railhoad', lies, we redeem a p romi e mad. some time sinee, aid Se,d the Ti- TUNy (uurir to those vhlo hmve forxnrdeld their subzeriptions in advance 'lits publ1i'Cation1. It is unnecessary for us to make pldEs as to w;-hat the Co,a;r will be in) the future. We, however, confl'etdy refer to its record of the rast, which is too we[T known throu out th1- ien.gti an rearlth of the Southiern and Si ihwetern itates to require to be re Cour-.tLd in the Pret--rt Way. The ri- U "rir will hereafter be pulished eve ry ThurL:day, Saturday and Tue day u rings, and will contain the latest and meo t relable Te'legraphie, 1omesto anfl For Uign Ne-s, a well as tie latest Con:Ierciall a..d Mai ne Intelignce-the whole forngii a desirablc and instruct:ve sheet either for the rlace of business or thc family circle. We again return our thanks to the many kind friends who have already sent in their subscriptions, and trust the day is not far di. tant when we will be in direct communication with all sections (f the country formerly v;.Jt ed by our paper, when we feel nasured tiht we will have the pleasure of recordingi on our subscription books the names of' many of our cld patrons who have been spared through the long years of war from which our beloved country has so recently cnergd, czippled in rcsources but undaunted in spirit. With thisre -emarks we close, hoping that through the blessings of Divine Pi ovidence, I and by the aid of the wise counsels of our pa triotic President, our divided country may soon be re-united on a n honorable basis, and t for which the Southern States are yearnin t may be vouch nfed us, r.d that all our citi Zels may speedily repair their shattered for tunes, and again occupy the proud position, both socially and politically, fur which tiey and their ancestors have been noted through out the world.- C/w r7m (mir, Two Arosm:t.-Two remarkable sermons were preached Sunday in this city-one from the pulpit of a cathedral, breathing peace and good-will ; one in a Puritan temple, howlin i strife and hatred. BiAhop Lynch, plea 'ing for the miser of the stricken and sufferiug. counselled "c.almness, love and good feeling ;" Presbyter Cheever, beivymg the national tri amph, reviled, in priestly billingsgate, the;a chiefs of the people, who shmrink fr-om oppres-< sion and are rehnihlding thdri rinl!s.t WAhi Ih bears the D)ivine C'rmisson-he < w-ho urges submission, "to the lawful pow er w ~hich hias asserted its righuts by force, or .e who flings dirt upon rulers whose mo(derationa is wiser than his farv- ? Wic. is the Cis tian pastor, the Southerner, v:hose voice i rais d in per uaision of fr a trnal love insteati of comrpinnt over inres, or the Northern 0r who dern.mnnees the powers that ho as "'hy.o crites and robbers," because faey are nott w i'd with his own madness ?-J. T.I Urld, 1st Sat. Fha An M.OimI- Lossos roi -rt P. S Two MoN:us.-Ti.e heavy fire and marine loSOss11 duig theC months of Jan uary and 1Keb ruary (of the present year have borne hardi upon weak insurance companies. In January there were seventy-three idres, where the loss of each amiounted to $20, 0?0 andl upwirds, and the total valne of the property destroy: :4 was within a trifle of $7,0ii0,000. There] were forty-six of the same class of fire.s in. Februarv, attended with a loss of nearly $5,000,uJra, making about $1 2,0(0.00 for the two mon ths. To this must ho ad led at least $3,000,000 wore l of propertyr destroycd where the loss was less than $2u,0t(0 at each lue. The min ie losses for the same time aggre gate $9,000, 000, and the losses by steamboat di ssers (on our rivers anri lakes to a million morAe. Here is a total of $25,000),000 for two months !Strong companies will, of course, wethe r these periodic seaisonts of disaster, hilt wea ones1 0 mtst intevitab)ly go undecr.-2Sm j~'1~If -~J. March :3, It arpears, from a communilntVion o thec War Department, dated March 28, that the number of vdthmteer troops in tee aLrmy, on the 9thd of January, was, w hi to 57500;i cior ed, (3,70:3; or an aggreznte of 12326. Thecre were inu ihe servic e, Mareb 10, whites, 2.71 ; clId 3t.814; or an aggrte of. (;r; , liii t sh- owinxg there ha:ve been imister e<i ont of, th 'rice, since Jaay-wts '.W coloed,' 5,!5x; an nzeregate if 50, 371. Ordere t o b e miustered out sincee March 10, whit es, 10,10 ;O colored, l),597 ; total, 19B, 7 r3]Ttal reduction made and ordered, snee Jainuary 9, whites, 40,525; colored, ;35,41 aggregate, 70,(74. Theo mtis out0" ord:ercd wsill be completed 1 by May 1. Thle w.ork will be well adlvanced by Ap p~il 10, and there will then be left' in ser vliee 1,'65 wh~ ite vohmteers, and :30,21 ' col ored ; tot al, 47,2'1. is proper to adll tha't the SeveurIte-en RLeg tent, United States In fantry, ha'- been cordered to Texas. and upon its artrival, Mai:jor Generald Sheridan htas been ins-tructed to muster out all additional white vounteers in that department. Tihere are nowx in service there, :3.081 that he can sparc. Thius con temiplated reduction will be addi tion al to that referred to in the above summary. ] The Wa- hinigton National b;1-diln, of t ona,asserts that the resident hsli up for prosecution 500) of the most prominent Cofederates, whom he holds for the purpjo5S (otton Growing in lciiczia. The su! j,ined very interesting report from Jr. Lin den, Director of the Zoological Gardens >f Bru-:seis, and also Director of the botanical :ectitio Of he JArdin d' Aclijiiiation, at Par t) the Dircetors of the Enzgib-h Cotton mnym;m-!, su pis the best prool of the caps e (f Venezuelcn soil fur the productic )f Cotton TotwDrr ft T-enr,zvMa Cul"On GrNLMtEN :--You have done me the honor o ask me my opinion onan nlidertaking, the. >icJlt ;f which is to extend the cultivation of :otton in 1(enezuela, and particularly in that Ofrt of the BDivar State burdering the fivers - iulvo, in the province of Ct,ro. l:,%i:I been entru.sted u ith a scientitic Ui:on1 b)y the Government of His Majesty le King of the Belgi,ns, du-inga period of welve consecutive year ii tie various rarts xtra and intratropical of Anc ioa, such a he Brazil, the Island of Cuba, Jamaica, Mex co, 'natemlna, New Granada, Veriezuela and hle Unifted St ates of America, I htve had op )ortnities of fortrirg a sonId orinion of th - espectIve aiv:ntages whiTh they several ,trtes ffer fir the cultivation of cottoi, ard [do not he(itate to declae that of all these :ountries, not even escepting the anul centro f Ameeican cotton producti-;4 Venezuel ,o sesses within itself the mort completely hvorable element tor the cultivatron of the nportant article of cotton which at this ~mo rent is of such absorbing interest, not. Only :o England, but to the continent of Europe ;enerally. At a distance, by sailing vessels, of seven :een days navigation from England and France, enezuela is, of all the southern contineRt- of :merica, the nearest country to Euiope. ft as a great extent of coast, and possesses everal ports in uhich ships of fhe largest onnage can anchor. Although wholly situa ed bucath the torrid zone, ard in immediatM roximity of the line, the northern parts 6F his vast country, comprised between -the in.:h and clever th degrees north latitude, and ro mn the sixtv-first to the seventy-fifth di rees of longitude (meridian of Paris), enjoy, vith the exception of soie points on the coast Lhealthy climate, moderate temp,rature and :xemption from those excessive heats epe. ienced on the low plains of the southern )arts, known under the name of "Llanos." The regions suitable for the cultivation- ot olton are situated on plateaus several hun red feet above the level of the sea. The cat on plant grows wildly in several parts, and I he staple is Q1n^, it IIUL ' t I qy on grown in the South of the Unitd States. shall be happy to prove this tssertion by ending you a sanple picked upon the spot. I traveled over and explored Vcnezela in very direction during a period of three years, nd th-s you w.. conceive the Bolivar State shich yoi, possess for your enterprise wAts ot exempted from my in.vestignticn. I p rove of a great part of the land which you ave selected, and I particularly wish to calt our attention to that part of the coitry mnown out there by the name oF rhch is comprincl between the river ToctjYo mdfl the Mountain chain of -Aron. Watcrei >y the Tocuyo on the one side, and by man. tream's desending from the mountamrs on the >tr side, these lands have upon them a sys em of irrigation par ticulary suIted to-the ultivation of cotton. . The soil is of nrodigious fertility, and- The limatc leaves- nothin to be wished for in re- - ~pect of salubrit v. Te sides of the mountains. tre covere-l wit ul mnifScent forests, with bun.damnCe of drewC~OOtis, and timber suitable or l buildin~g, nav~al and cabi net- ma king >rposes. It' is te chri%n spot of the cele iated imik-tree or (Palo de vac'n) "'Glacto . 'Iron utile," from n hich the natives, by - nakHz incisions ini the trunk, ohtain a nmilk s n':ritive as~ areeable. The neighboring >r insuka of Parognarna, being thickly piopxj ated, arri several other points on the coast tf . I'oro, uill supply you with suf!ihient free Ia -ori for theo conunenement of your cuiltiva ion. The wages are about 0:ne shi!!ing- a lay. The river Tocuyo, ravizable far beyond.thie imits of your property, will faciitate the -di ct carrirse of your products to the port of ?urto Cabello,'which is only forty mHles die ant. Puerto Cabello is efi'ectuallyv sheltered from ho8 zdes and hu rricanes w hih ravage the Wst Indies. Ships of the largest tonage can -eceive their cargo there. The T1ocuyo~ District consequently offers all lesiable~ guaratess fhr the su!cess of y.our anterprise-fecundity of soil, natu:al irngae :on, healtay climiate, neighbot ing populatdOn . supply ycu with labor, and finally, re a: kable fcilities for the shipmecnt of your T 10m e- madel-, even if the war hv.i not broken int in tihe United Statis, and thus rou. l-1 h.nrd to develope the growth of e~ irotton T -ant in) other p:,rt, than sooner' or ater,ad i . th prce of things, Venezuclh 1a LO.tie t bec e the most productive outry, in co tton, of the two continerts of meirica. It r' quir-es but the presiding genius of Eu ope to stim-u'ate it, and to disclose the inex asi'.-i iesunrces of its soil. I shall feel happy if this inforniation con iiutes to sneh a re.,nit, and if it induocesynt o persever. in your. great and p,raiseworthy' nter pri~e, which has all my syriupathy', and hI'ich 1 look upon as the be-ginning of a new na for the' "exteniion" of cotton prodcCtion, hile at the Saime tinie it will tend1 to the fu :nre prosperity of Venezuela. Your enterprise is worthy of all the support 4 the Vene-zuelean G overnnment, who, it can - *ot be doubted, will favor it every possible i terminate by offering you rmy further ser 1ces in anything in which I can be useful, md beg of you to believe rme to he, gentie nen, &c., J- LINDEN. PRis, 21st Septembecr, 18G1. Info1mnatiun received from tile land office at ittle Rock, Arkansas, is to the effect tha't ales in1dica te a much more extended resumnp ion of business than was aaticipatedl a fewv noths ago. Money is from some sourco orthcoming in considerable sums for the .nrc-e or lsandi aicultural nrosnecem