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"' \ \ ;v-w'v.\ 'v-?fdf * / v /<;*,;>"** ' \ ?lie ledger. IttuRLOW S. OAHTER, i A Fatnily Newspaper : Fur the Promotion of the Political, StxsiaL, Agricultural and Cor.+/nsrcial Interest*. J Til*RMS: $1.60 a Ykao. Rpitob ahd Mahaoib. s ^ ' ) Paiaiiub in Auvano*. Sfcrtfit-WM KL? hIII ION. bANOASTbK, S. < ., - V 11 iM)8~ EST SCENE OF THE FIRST BATTLE A STUANGK SOUTHERN CITY Fuels about the History and Commerce of Manila?Both Oriental and Spanish in Character. New York Tribune. Cavito is a fortified seaport town on the island of Luzon, on which Manila, the capital of the Philipine Island, is situaicd. Cavito is in the Bay of Manila, and about ton miles southwest of the city of Manila. The town of Cavite has a population of over live thousand and the population of tlio port is loss than six huudred souls. There is an arsenal at Cavite, which is the capital ?>f the provinoo of tlie same name. The residence of the governor is situated there, and the place is the 1 chief naval depot of the Spanish possessions in that part of the world. i Manila, the capital city of the island of Luzon and of all the Philipioe Islands, is also situated I on Manila Bay, at the mouth of \ the river pasig. The city forms t the segment of a circle between the river and the sea, and its su/' burbs extend over numerous islets, formed by the river and its branches. The river pasig is prolonged into the bay by two piers. At the eud of one of them is a small fort, ami a lighthouse is situated at tho eml of tho other pier. Vessels of small tonnage can go up as far as tho bridge crosses the rivor. The town stands on the south i side, has n dilapidated look, but is said to bo strongly fortified. On tho north side is tho Hinondo suburb, which is tho residence of | tho foreign merchauts and the great centre of trade. It is more \ populous than the city itself. Manila has both a Spanish and , an Oriental appearance. There | aro long lines of heavily mounted Ii batteries, dark looking churches, strange-looking towers and mussivo houses of solid masonry. \ These mingle with light little houses, cottages, in groves of tropical trees, raised from the I gruuim ??y posts, in onier 10 perI mit tho free passage of the waters |H in the rainy season. The streets I are straight, mostly unpaved, and I almost impassible during tho rainy I season. B In tho city the houses are two stories high, and each has its cen tral courtyard. There rosido the heads of tho state, tho church and H the army, and all those who claim 9 to belong to the aristocracy. Tho bridgo across the river 8 leads from the city proper into T the Rinondo suburb, whero a S street called the Escalta, runs to *| the right and to the left. It is | lined with innumerable shops, 1 stores and stalls, and is usually 9 crowded with people of various B races. 9 Iieyond the Escalta is a colony 9 of Chinese, Indians and half cas9 tos, who do business as goldsmiths H and jewolers, painters and en|a amcliers, oil and soap merchants, fa confectioners and keepetj of gam. f| bling houses and cook shops. The ' 1 other suburbs hare each a special I character. For instance, San II Ferando is the seat of tho great 8 cigar manufactories, and Santo Mesa is the centre of the cordage 9 manufactory. At the Alcaicerfa suburb the Chinese sampans die. M charge their cargoes; the fisher men and wearers inhabit the suH|| lHHII j Imirb of Tondo, and its markets ! ! supply the markets with fruit for its embroiderers. Pasco is where | the artisans ami artists live, and health-seekers flock to Santa Ana and San Pedro Maeati. The principal buildings in Manila are the Cathedral, the palace of tho governor, the palace of the archbishop, the town hall, a beautiful building; ten churches, be longing to the different religious orders; several monasteries, u number of convents, the arsenal, three colleges for young men, two 1 colleges for young women, the supreme court building. the prison, the civil hospital, the university, the marine school, the commercial school, the theatre, a large building; the custom house and the barracks. There are several large squares in Manila, the largest of which is l'rado, in which ! is situated the hmn/.c statue of Charles IV. Manila's municipality dates from the year 1571, when the city was I founded by Legpaspi. It is a splendid natural trade centre, an I ranks with Calcutta and Uutavuia. Being the chief port in the I'hili pine Istands, nil their production* flow there and its harbor is visited 1>V a very great number of vessels of nil sorts nod sizes. Its exports | consist of sugar, tobacco, indigo, Manila hemp and cordage, gold dust, birds' nests, trepang, tor-1 ! toise shell, cigars, cotton, rice, I .etc. Its manufactures are chiefly ci 'gars and cheroots, a government I monopoly: cordago from the fila-1 ments of the abaca; beautiful fabrics, known as pinas, woven from , i the fibres of the pineapple leaf, ' and afterward exquisitely em- j broidered; various other cloths' made of the abaca filament, pure; and tuixed cotton fabrics, mats' and cigar cases. In 1G45 Manila was nearly des ' troved by earthquakes, which have since frequently and severely i "isited the place. A British fleet I captured Manila in 17G2, and hold! it for fifteen months, when it was by treaty restored to Spain. The. | population of Manila, with its suburbs, is about 150,000. The l'hilipino islands belong to the Malay Archipelago. Next to Cuba they are the most valuable colonial possession of Spain. In all tliero are about 1,200 islands j | in the Philipine group, the principal of which are Luzon. Mind. i anno and Palawan, with Mindoro, Panny, Negroes, /elm, lhdiol, Leyuo, Samar, and Mashalc and many other smaller islands. Their | totul urea is estimated at ahout 115,528 square miles, and the total population is estimated to he j ahout 8,000,000 persons. The islands are of volcanic formation, and are traversed hy a chain of mountains from north to south, rising in some of them to 6,000 feet. The coasts of most of the islands aro deeply indented i hy the sen and the larger islands are well watered hy large streams, : with estuaries which form excell- i ent harbors. The Philipine group is within the range of the monsoons, and violent hurricanes and earthquakes are of frequent occurrence. From May to September the west coasts of the Philipine Islands, are deluged with rain while the ()ctol>er monsoon brings rain to the east coasts, which are dry at other seasons. The high temperature andabuu' dance of moisture cause luxuriant vegetation, so that the isi i i I a. capable of yielding a' ? n kinds of column an I produce. lliee .< ;u" ( sugar, indigo, ho.i; !??'?< . ? i fee and cotton ar .a ?. ?r ' l!i products include si.'o, * mnuts hanunas, cinnamon, e t\, man line fruits, timber for shipbuild ing and dyewnods. Buffaloes and most of the do mcstio animals common in th I'nited States are reared, and th horse, introduced by the Span iards, runs wild among the inouii tains. The antelope, fox, vildca and monkey are among the wil animals found in tin' Phiitpine i* lands. The cayman is to b found in tiie rivers and lakes tortoises abound on the shore* lish are very plentiful and ser penis are numerous. Among th birds of the islands are the par rot, a species of pheasant, pigeon and water fowls. The mineral products are gold copper, iron, lead, mercury, sul phur and coal. The export amount to about $ 1 0,000,"00 an nualiy, and the imports, consist iug mainly of cottons, machinery coal, iron, umbrellas, earthen ware, hardware, woolens, apparel etc., amount to about $15,000,00 annually. WILL HOLD THE PHILI PIVl'S A til iiiy. (Juha Will bo Immediately invo ded and Porto Rico Occupied? Aggressive War Measures Agreed Upon. Washington, May 7.?The Pot tomorrow will print the follow ing: All day yesterday, follow iug the receipt of the otlicia) ad vices fioni Dewey, important con forences were in progress in th White House and tho War an Navy Departments. Ah the rc suit of these conferences, plan have been perfected for the r< tcntion of the Philipines, tho iir mediate invasion of Cuba, an the occupation of Porto Kicr The telegrams have lieen sent i all directions advising militar and naval commanders of th adoption of an aggressive policy ar.d in six weeks tho war ought t bo at an end. In the meantime Spain's fleet on tho Atlantic wi be sent to tho tnittom of th ocean. It is to be no Hilke glove that the I'nited States wi stretch out over the Pacific. 1 will be a hand of mail. Anno men aro to be sent with guns an bayonets and light artillory, an the expedition is to bono summc picnic. Tho military govonror r the Philinines will nrnbablv 1 i i r (journal Ilenry C Morriam, bravo tighter and a fine ezecutiv officer. There in to be no turr ing the inlands over to a provit ional or experiment governsaer of the insurgent*, as will be tb ease in Cuba. Spaniards Being Sent to th Pbilipines. Madrid, May 6.?Spania troops are being rushed to th defense of Manila. Orders hav been issued to Oorernor Oenen Augusti to fight till death, resist ing the Americans. Am CMMtala Dtaaaaa. Thfr? la bo diaeaaa mon iDwrtaia ta Hi Mure than dyapepaia. Pbyaiciani my thai ha aympt ni of no two mam i|iw. It to here fore .a oat HlOaalt to maka a aorroal i tiaffnoaia. No matter how aavara, ar aadav ? hat diagiiiaa drapepaia attack a yoa, Brawna' Iron Bittrra will eara It Iaralvabla la all liaeaaaa of tha rientth, hlood and n arras. I Browna' Iroa BiUara to aold by all daalan. ?OEWEinS REPORT n ! I A.'iaost as Brief as the Famous o i one Sent by Perry After De i feating the British Fleet. Hong Koug, May 7.?Itruny, I Dewey's ling lieutenant, arrived this m?)inin<r on the revenue eute ^ | tor Hugh MoCullough, with details of Dewey^s victory at Manila. Of the Americans none wore killed and only eleven hurt, j Of the Spaniards, three hundred wore killed and four hundred injjured. The Spanish llect was annihilated. The American licet i, i was uninjured. A second dispatch from Dewey announces that he has taken the e fortifications and landed marines atCavite. He holds d5t> wounded 8| i Spanish prisoners. Manila is at his mercy. lie needs nothing at ' 1 present. Washington, May 7.?Dewey's Si t t | official report reads: "Manila, via Hong Kong.? (Squadron arrived at daybreak Sunday, mmediately engaged the enemv and destroyed the folio wiinr: q j Keina Christina, Isla <le Cuba, iCastilla, Don Antonio de Ullou, | Don Juan do Austria, gunboats General Leso, Marquis Del Suer, ar:ne<i transport lsla do Mindano. American squadron was uninjured. A few men were slightly wounded. The only means of telegraphing is through the American consul at Hong Kong. Shall milimiinicntn with him immoiliatn. ly. (Signed) DEWEY. Dewey reports that he cut the Manila cable himself. Ho has r. insufficient Iroops to occupy Manila. FULLER DETAILS OF THE , AMERICAN VICTORY. is j. A Glorious Triumph for the Stars i- and Stri|>es?Spanish Fleet d i Completely Annihilated >. ' and Forts Completers ly Reduced. y I e j Hong Kong, May 7. ? Bruny - j is eal>ling ji complete report to ,o | Washington. Only six American ?t sailors were wounded, not eleven, II! and no Americans were killed. 10 The hattle began at day break n Sunday, Dewey having taken the U licet through the mine fields past It Corregidore and without disaster, d The challenge to battle was A tbimr l?v? Uin Itoinu ( ino Tim (] Olynipin, Dewey's flagship, ro?r plied ar.d imoiediately afterwards )f the entiro American fleet began ie (firing and the Spanish fleet rea plied heavily. Cavite opened a e murderous raking fire. Soon the i. Spanish flagship was in flame? Admiral Montijo transferred his it flag to the transport Isla deCuha. ie Ten minutes later tho Spanish cruiser Castilla was in flames. Dewey, still fighting the Span6 ish fleet, attacked Cavite savagely, rej>eatedly driving the soldiers from the heavy guns. ^ Cavite's bombproof* offered slight resistance to the terrible American gunnory. t_ Dewey's battle line was led bj the Olympia. The Raleigh was s cable length behind, followed by . the Baltimore, Boston, Concord, | Petrel and MoCulloch. Under easy manotuvering, Dew ey approached Montijo. Th? Spanish ships were in two linei flanking the Reins Christina During the entire action, the American warships were under ' way, inamKuvering ahuut the , enemy. One after another the Spaniards were in flames or grounded to save the crews. Spanish, vessels destroyed were as follows: Keina Christina, steel cruiser; Castilla, wooden cruiser; Velaseo, iron cruiser; Don Ani tonio do I'lboa, iron cruiser; Don I Juan of Austria, iron cruiser; ' Isla de Cuba, steel protected ciuiser; Isla de Lu/.un, steel protected cruiser; Quoros, Vellal lobos, Klecno and Mileno, steel gun boats. Dewey fought until the last Spanish ship was destroyed and the shore batteries reduced, and i 1 then dispatched the McCullough ! with toe news of the victory. | FORMALLY ANNOCNCKD. The President Hears News of the ; Great Victory?Thanks Cabled to Dewey, as Well as His Appointment as Acting Admiral. | I Washington, May ?Formal i " I announcement of the brilliant achievement at Manila was made to tho President at 11 o'clock tod?.y, by Secretary of the Navy Long. Secretary Long, by direction of the President, sent the following reply to Dewey: Washington, May 7, 1898. Dewey, Manila: The President, in the name of the American people, thanks you and your officers and men for your splendid achievement aud overwhelming victory. In rnrnir o ' P? nition ho has appointed you acting admiral, and will recommend a vote of thanks to you by Congress. LONG. THE COST OF THE WAR. Secretary Gage's Estimates Made Pu blic. Washington, May (5.?The tesjtimonv of Secretary (Jage as to the condition of the Treasury and its requirements in order to meet the monetary demands of the war, ! as given before tho Senate corn! ill it tee on tinance, was undo public j today. The secretary stated the , best estimates placed the extraor dinary exjHMiso for the War and Navy Departments at $32,000,00C up to the first of duly next, ir addition to the $50,000,000 vote* for national defense. He though^ (that from $40,000,000 to $50, j 000,000 in addition to the ordinary revenues would have to be renliz Jed between now and .July* I, t< preserve the gold reserve intact. Mr Gage said ho know of m 11 other method for raising this ex | tra money except by taxation o the sale of bonds. The Secretary itefusod to furnish an estimate o ; the expense of the war after Jul; 1, because he had no data fror ^ the War and Navy Departments but ho gave the committee wha he called a 'guess,1 based on th best information obtainable, plac ' ing the figure $'J6,000,000 a montl in addition to tho ordinary ex ' n?nHM Mr (1 anr? OTnrnuuoil (h ?'w ? ?ft" ?I?" ? k opinion that it would he irnpos aible to place &a much as $100, > 000,000 of the loan among ii dividual* and in Hmall sums. * J3TSUBSCRIBE ? TO THE LEDG E< LLK AM) WI1KKLKK SWOltN IN. 'Fighting .Joe' the First to Take ''10 Oath?( eneraI Grant's Grandson May IF; I'laced on (ionoral 1 jee"s Stall. Special to The Observer. Washington, May ??.?This was a proud day for the South. Two of its heroes, one of whom is a hero of the nation us well, were made major generals of volunteers of the I'nited States arinv ? Fit hwgh Lee and 'Fighting .Joe" Wheeler. l'hc\ received their commissions from the President this forenoon and about noon called at the War Department to subscribe to the oath required of them. General Wheeler was the first to be sworn in. He has the distinction of not only being tiie first of the major generals to be mustered into service, but is the first ex-Confederate soldier to bo commissioned in the military ser* vice of the United States. After the oath was administered they were both congratulated on all sides, by Northerners as well as Southerners. They were modest, yet expressed a determination to battle for the Stars and Strioes to tho full oxtent of their Ability and none question their capacity lor lighting. They are now awaiting orders. It is most prohahle that they will command Southern troops, as they have expressed a desire in that direction, and it is known that tho Southern Volun; leers would like to go to the front | under them. Algernon Sartoris, grandson of j Generel Grant, may bo placed I ? - t ? ujhjii i^eo s sum, inns presenting a spectacle that would not have ! been taought possible a tpiartcr of \ a century ago. The association of a grandson of the leader of the Northern forces in the civil war with the nephew of the leader of i the Southern forces links the two ! sections and wipes out the line of 'distinction. President Mclvinley is roundly applauded by the Southerners for his broadminded ' policy in placing Southerners in high positions of responsibility. We Undersell All Othes In ! Groceries. I! I, I NT H > : I j IS pounds granulated ^ujrur for 1 (Ml ^ ! "2<i pounds ligh' orowu Sugar 1 (Ml 1 ^ have the cheapest line ^ of ('hewing and Smoking Tobacco in town. Also we carry a nice line of Notions, such as handkerchiefs, f j Ladies1 and dents' Hose, etc., etc I i . < *li irry I tro? ? : THE MUTUAL LIFE INSU c,| RANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK. . i RICH ARD A MoI'UHDY, Prenident. f Aanetsover $ '263,000,f>00 (X) Hurplun ov??r 85 ono ono on Y Insurance in force, over 936.000,000 OU I N('oMK 1 HOT 11 i Total Income 1897 $ 54.162 608 00 , Income per week, over 1,000 000 (X) Income ach working day 180,000 00 1 Income per lour (Hauko ing houra) 36,108 00 Tnatirtince in f<*n?e in H C I, DOO.81* '97 $8 87 "> SI9 00 Insurance written unci pnM for In H Cln'79 1,296,49300 e Premiums received in 8 (.5 In '97 24 4 057 84 I- Death lossew psid in rt O In '97. 116 477 00 i" _____ i. The largest and best Companv in the world. Paid Policy Hold ers in 1897, $26,992,055. H a. McILWAIN, S P K C I A L A (1 E N T , ?r i Lancaster. S. (J. i