University of South Carolina Libraries
been kt-pL ou tho v.'erl by lb? fierce assaults of envious world. A??au!ts which, at out* time alarming, ii lias boon in .'act scarcely moie than wholesome exorcise to repel ; an exercise which ba'fc tuade us the most virtuous Mid-one of the most enlightened and most powc-iful jwople who now flourish on th-; globe.? The South has long been umhi valuing and doing great injustice to herself. She has been lamenting her weakness, and croaking about the dangers that beset her, when she might glory in her strength and hurl defiance to her enemies. 'i^ut it is snal that with a fixed and -over wire lining free State majority against us in this U lih-ii, with ail our natural advantages, we mu>t dissolve the connection to insure our present safely and acconi piish our proper destiny Perhaps so.? Hut permit me to suggest, not vet. The 'The dissolution of the Union is an alternative that we have always at command and for which we should bo ever ready; but a peaceful, - prosperous and powerful pe >ple may not challenge Kate a day lot) toon. .The question still remains'can the irce Slates be brought to concuf panna nentiy in any line of policy that will subvert the a nstitutii n, <u:d seriously damage the South in this confederacy i I do not believe that they can. lieckiess as is political ambition, and insar.e as funati oism evt r is, 1 have no idea that the free States can be consolidated ou the wild project of ruling the slaveholders by mere brute numbers, either through the ballot box or by force of ai ins; w hether loeman cipato our slaves, or sfrin n? r.t' fI??? fmlio of tlirij labor ; <v to gwverit us with the jni! in.'ss Mud paternal-care due to inleri \>rs. The nervous of tlic South and (ho abolitin deinagouges of tho North, iimv belive it. lint when it comas to the ac tual tost, if neither sober sense nor patri oticisin should prevail, the setiseof danger nml the love of cotton and tobacco would with our northern brethren, in every crisis ovrr-r:r!t their love ol i.egros. On this i think you may depend, despite the in solent boasts of (hi- abolitionists of what they will do when thev get the govern iiicni in t licit hand*. The Noiih litis on ?v to Iin ule clearlv sensible how far she can go, and what the V..<mb will not submit to. Siie will rnt trespass beyond that, but will content herself with the glory of carrying tie alternate beiiuii! elections, as she has just done?always leaving it to the democracy to carry that which makes the J'resident. tHut i am making mere assertions.? Allow me, then, to refer to facts 10 show the past power ol the South in this L :i ion, and the present state of the great questions in which she is most deeply in terested. When, thirty years ago, we ruegan this arduous conflict f<<r the const! tutionai reform of this goverment and the security of the South, the South herself was thoroughly divided. The taiilf, the bank, the internal improvement system, nay, even abolition itself, all had the sanction of a large number of our most prominent southern men. If they did not ail originate, I hey were all resuscitated, in tl.at era oi iufatnation, when a southern 1'resident proclaimed that we were "all federalists, all ivmil?He?n? " when southernstatesmen sneered at State rights, hihI the constitution became lor a itito* a dead letter. The tariff of 1828 levied average duties of more than foriy percent on atliur imports. Hy the tariff of 1857 the aver age of duties was reduced below twenty per cent. We have accomplished that tnneh ; and, besides, the principle of flee trade is pretty generally conceded now throughout the Union. It cat.not he denied that this is a great success I think the duties should he reduced still lower; and particularly that the discriminations against the agricultural interests should he abolished. l?Ut it is supposed that there will he a demand-tof then increase at the next session. It so, it w ill of course Le rcsialdd, and I trust successfully. Free trade is the test, the touchstone of free government, as monopoly is of despotism. I have no hesitation in saying that tho plantation Stales should discard any government that made a protective tariff ita po icy. I liey slionUl not submit to pay ^tribute for llie support of any other industrial system tluin their own; much less, to make good the bubble speculations of another section of (lie (Jnion. Unequal taxation is, after ail, what we have most to fear in the Union, anil against that vu> must be always ready to adopt the most decisive measure. 1'iie internal improvement system was in ftrti -vigor in J828. Inaugurated also by southern men, it absorbed all the sur plus of the treasury, and being in its lis ture unlimited, it w ?s capable of absorb ing all lbs revenue that could he extorted 'by the highest posiible tariff. That too, if not destroyed, has been checked nndciip pled by southern action. I ?. is true lliat ill still appears annually in Congress ?but ibe once haughty brig ind is now little t la n e than a sturdy W e had then, also, in full operation a 'Ibank of the United fchates, with branches ^v:ir all onr principal cities, ft received and Jatpeculated on all the revenues of the gov eMinnnit, an I controlled and concentrated ip*Ui4 N 01 lb all the exchanges, thus levy rentage upon every commercial \ ' of the .South. That has been "'drfflNbU ll sleeps the sleep that kit^^^^lkakinrr. Hut let ib.iL f rir* Jwlbi ?v liicli it established still ex "s des'ruction by ilie government, nnd the collection of tlie revenue in sjracie, our exchanges still .centre in lire N'-rili, h i I our otherwise stable industry i* still compelled to participate mora or leas in all ilm reckless specu'fit ions of f|JHt far. Atiral section-? more f^-miic:?l in its love of money iliau even in its devotion to Dogma, Km tins i* a self-i in posed vassalage. Through " lie privileges which our southern legislatures .have grunted to our innumerable banks, we Are made tributary to New Vork, which is itself tributary to London, the great world centre of' exchanges in our ? age. Thus, hv our own acta, we pay double tribute, thoUtfUjrtlly all the trade of the Ljiuad kjhttenr w?|li England i* ' 11, hv her energy and ,jl|ot'ihn capital grievances \which aire protested, with almost ^PBQHyf her public met. against her, in 1828. fsrtring this lime our opponents have twice wrested the government from us) f niul in Hie toil other injuries, but I Key were e mmhi stripped of tiie* ? power r.jvd their b (acts repealed. Only four times since the 1 I organization ot'this government bus the ; i ' North had possession of it, ntul in each ; 1' ; case only for one term, 'i he North has | si never united long on any policy. The j it injuries indicted on the South have been 1 o mainly indicted by her own ambitious, ' ti factious, and divided public men, and our ( tl history proves that no mstn and no mens tl tire has yet been strong enough to stand j ii against tbe South when* united. 1 believe tl I none ever will. j tl liut it is thought that the abolitionists,a | ii supposition still credited by some of this j ti I country, will inevitably get tbe power of I I this govei nment permanently into their i tl hands, and, backed by tbe opinion of the tl ' world, use it .for our destruction. Let us j ti ' consider what are the facts. .From the j ti time that the wise and good Las Casus p lirsl introduced into America the institu- u tiou of African slavery?I say institution, c because it is the oldest that exists, and i tl ill, I believe, survive all uthers that now u flourish ? it has had its enemies. For a b long wliile they were cliiehy men of pecu ii liar and eccentric religious notions. Their | p lirsl practical and political success arose . ii from the convulsions of the French revo v Iution, which lost to that empire its best e colony. Next came the prohibition of the [-s slave trade?the excitement oftbe Missou ti ri Compromise in this country, and then \ h the deliberate emancipation ol the slaves in thoir colonies by the British govern- Is inent in 1833 -4. About the time of the . h pnssj'gc of that act, the abolition agitation i e was revivtnl again in ibis count)>, and ti abolition societies were formed. I reinem j fi berthe time well, and some of you do also, i ti And w hat then was the state of opinion e in the South ? Washington had etnau- j p cipated his slaves, .letl'eison had bitterly Id denounced the system, and bad done ail p lie could to destroy it. Our Clays, Mar- i ii shalls, Craw fords, and many other prom-1 I inent southern men, had led otl in the | 1* ) colonization scheme. The inevitable e> J ti I feet in t! o South was, that she believed ; ? | slavery to be an evil?weakness?disgrace- c ^ fnl?nav,n sin. She shrunk from tbe. dis | '1 ! cission of it. She cowered under every 1 p I i brent. She attempted u> apologize, to j i j exense iiersclf, under the idea ? which I t i ; j I ' wdh true?tiiHt Kiiglmid had Inreed il oil I t j her : mix I in fear Mini tieniblmg she awiti j n i letl a iluom that she deemed inevitable? > hi Hut a few hot,| spin's look the question up: , o lliey coin polled the South to investig-tte n it anew and thoroughly, and what is the h result ! Why, it would l?e d (liculi to j Itlud now a southern man who feels the | a system to he the slightest htirlhea on his ! I conscience; who does not, in fact, regard j p it as an equal advantage to the master j o and the slave, elevating both; as wealth, j d I strength snd powet; and as one of the ! o 1 main pillars and controlling influences of j a I modern civilization; ami who is not now ; m I prepared to maintain il at every ha/aid ? | o j Such have been for us the happv results j t. I of this abolition discussion. So far, our i n I gain has l>e, n immense from this contest I c I savage and malignant as it ha> been,? j ? ! Xav, we have solved already the question t of emancipation by this re examination ' a j ami explosion of the taise theories of <1 religon, philanthropliy and political econ oniy which embarrassed our fathers ill v their day. With our conviction and our 'I strength, emancipation here is simply an n impossibility to man, whether by perstia- ^ sion, purehuse or coeicion. The rock of j Gibraltar does not stand so firm on its t basis as our slave system. For a quar a ter of a century it has borne the brunt of li a htiiricnue as tierce and pitiless as ever v raged. At the North and in Europe they j 1 cried "havoc," and let loose upon us all i j the tings of war. And how stand it now? j Why, in this very quaiter of a century J ? our slaves have more than doubled j t in value. The very negro w ho, as a I c prime laborer, would have brought four | ji hundred dollars in 1828, would now, with j h thirty more years upon him, sell for eight ^ hundred dollars. What does all this j" mean ? Why, that for ourselves we have | settled this question of emancipation a , gainst all thu world, in theorv at d pruc- n tice, and the world must accept our solu i | lion. The only inquiry is, how long this , t new found supeiatition will survive, and I liow far it may carry its votaries elsew here. ! :l What changes in production, in com | ' mcrce, in society or government it may i J effect ( For production, commerce, soci- ! etv and government, must yield and | , change whenever they come in contact i with the gieat fundamental principle of < the suliordinatioii of the inferior to the 1 superior tnan?as made by God ; and j 1 especially of the colored to the white ra , 1 ces. It is, I say, only through the evils that this superstition may biing upon oth j , | er people, ami especially on those of the j , North and of Europe, with whom wc are i ; so closely connecter;, that the South can i I be materially damaged by it, standing as > t sue now noes, nnn, assured, ui.iled. llow , 1 then, is it with others? I! iVrniit me to any that, in my opinion , the tide of abolition fanaticism lias begun I , ! to ebb everywhere, nrd will never rise a J, gain. Wher. the English freed the ne- , t trios in tlieir colonies, it was n<?l vvliol ? Iv a seiitnnenlHt movement, dictated I?y political radicals and the minis of Exeter |l II ill. Her statesmen, in their ignorance ' * i thought thai what is called free labor? I 'hat is, "wages slavery"?would succeeJ , lin tropical culture, as well or heller than t 'slate labor. In theii arrogance thev bc? ? I he veil also that all the world must follow t { their example in tliia silly scheme of * | abolition ; and that from her great ) wealth and world-encircling colonies, lite J monopoly "f cotton and sugar culture | would ft 11 into the hands of England.? j ? Nature, and the indomitable spirit and I r intellect of I ho itoulii have d.^appointed L all their calculations. The South still . ii llouris!ie?, and cotton and sugar, and cof ' fee. and rice and tobacco, ate still the Iter- \ I' itsge of the slaveholders, flailed |?y their utter dependence upon "j us for cotton, without tho free use of which 1 ^ they would both tumble int3 ruin in a day i ? England and France, w ho, in her frequent I1 Ireiuies, ?l length destroyed all lier coin- II ales hy emancipation, have ransacked the ' tinive.se to tind cliu.cs end rods adapted >r to the cheap grovvto of this great staple. *V They have failed everywhere. It is not,' ! that the noils and climates do not exist; I (ll but that this and the other great agricul p tnruI staples, sugar, rice tobacco, coflfee, ' tl can never be jirodttced as articles of wide , t< xt ended commerce, except l?y slave la |c or. This they nt length found out.? S (lit such labor they had repudiated eve- 11' M*hero. No, not everywhere. Not in !' ranee nor in Gienl llriiiiiti, where lltev J lilt bold acted splendid throites and pal- t| IV aristocracies amid starving laborers ; n lily ti?i" outside loo bat tans thev ordained t< eedom and equality ; but failing in all t< lieir schemes, and Hading that, w ith all h lieir costly expenditures and high sound ri tg manifestos, tUey Juu! simply ruined ' lieir own colonies, and made themselves . lie vassals of the slaveholders, w hat have ; j( Itey done? VYby, renewed llie slave tl rade. Nut in name. Oh. no! Exeter 1 I: tall and the .Parliament Houses still tl It under execrations against that; w hile u lie colonist, under governmental protec* n on, and with English money, wrung by ^ ix at ion from her "wages slaves,"'are im- ^ oiling by hundreds ur thousands Clu- j. es and Hindoo coolies, under conditions I p mi t pa red with which Algerine slavery of u lie last century was merciful. They do it ot hold litem as ?vu do our slaves, for | w etter for worse, an siikiiess and health, , n i cltilhood am! old age No ; in their j " rime of life they seduce lliein from their j., omes, transport them to distant and un- cj dtolsotne climes; for the merest pittance u fwages, consume their bust years in tlie everesl labors, and tbeii turn litem out ( *' odie?the direst slavery tlial brutal uisu as ever instituted. France, less sensitive c - having no Exeter llall?cmbr.cing the nine scheme,resorts to Africa, and open i ,, v makes purchases, for so they may be v ailed bom slave catchers ; nnv, she buys tl oin the President of Libeita, tl.e far- ? lined settlement of our own Colotiiza- al inn Societx : bins the colonist-, our own t ? luaiicipated slaves, w ho, sick of fieeiloin, V refer any fonn^if slavery, and in their j ' esperuiioti do not hesitate to make their t| ious | atioits in this country the laugh- V >g slock of the whole world. tl Thus these two nations?Frame and | et '.ngland, whose adoption of this aboli ion crotchet alone made it respectable ^ ml intbiential ? have thoroughly retioun ^ cd it, practically, and almost in theory ? ' "be ptess of Euglaml, perhaps the great- p si power of the world, sustains these u noveiueiits ; while in l-ranee the news- a< laperu are ojicnlv ili.-cussinif tlie ones . t? ior of impoiting negro slaves, by name, I **' 11<> Algeria. I think it may l>e fairly j in! lliul in Europe abolition lint run its i J' i?urse. Brougham, I'almerirtoti, Kussell, | m! /.II the old political agitators, are j auging their ha'ps upon the willows.? [ t\ .ven the sen <>t \\ ilbeforee, the fanatic , (' pprovi a of coolie slavery,which we abhor. j ol lut Recently tlie British Government o 11'( enly surrendered its claim to the right . 11 f search?a claim ?rt tip mainly to put J"' own the African slave trade, and withill which all attempts to do it will proh lilv he idle. And there ? nothing to H| urprise us in all this, if we are coriecl in w itr views of African slavery. If it is ?us- ( a. lined by the religion of the Bible ; if j " either humanity nor sound philosophy , " ipposed it ; if, as wo are convinced, it is ; ^ i social, political and economical benefit j cj o the world, then it was inevitable that, ; nnnor nr hit*?r llu? ulovlitmi. 1 ieout?and why not now ? I If there is truth in what I have stated to u on?if the abolition fever ban nearly or in uitr exhausted itself in Kuropo?it tune li ml facts have proved there that it is an ah t< urdity?it seems to me we should not al oulit that its career is about to close here, m inch is my opinion, however ditfercnlly ni lioau may think who judge only by appear- ti rices, or take their cues from ngitating po- o itieians, I ask any one to tell me upon | ll i hat measure or upon what man the aholi- m iouisls of thisrountry can ever again mils- ] w er their legions as they did in I8it? t? r* vansaa is squeezed dry- it slinks in the I it lostrils ef ail people. They can do no j In uore there. Will ihov try u "cry" against i vi he Supreme Court tor the Drcd Scott de- | "I ision .' What ts there in that to inilaine tl lopular sentiment ? It is always uphill i h uisineas to agitate ngninst the Supreme J ui 'ourtof the United Slides, which the north* | di rn people have been taught to rev? re as i n he bulwark of their liberties. Will llicy | t? len aiul the abolition of slavery in the l>is- ; r? rict of Columbia ! They have never been n iSle to do much w ith that, though they i h lave tried. Thai issue is a little too prac , h ienl and ton dangerous. Not many are j ir >old enough to embark in it- They might . ?< is well make the questkn of disunion na- | u iedly. Will they take up the abstract, and j d >?ob bly, never again to i>c other than ah- i e itract proposition of 'no uproslayc State*'? | h l'liey have done it. They have already > rplil upon it. The north-w est will not take ! n t, and the frue Stales, at bottom, nil waul ' it 2iiba. They love molasses, and hanker af- ; o er free trade withdhat riuh island. Where ti licit, arc they to go, I cannot see. They ! ft lo net appear to see themselves. Will noy ! b >ne slate the practical question,if we offer tl Item none,?and we have none to offer.? ci >u w hich they are next to rally for the con- ci } nest of the South? 'I'he measure or the e< liar. ? Jt does seem to me that this great H ire is dying out for want of fuel. That a iiis erutade, a* (natty tru-adc* have done, ! n ins exhausted itself, and that there is no j a irgument or leader that ran keep it alive mm ft Pheir Peter Hermits, their Godfreys, their ! ?' Bald wins, their iion-hearled lliehnids,where li ire lltey ? It seems that they w ill scare.-ly w ven on their l.oui* IX, who shall lead 1 a Ih-II Inst pion* cnnipn-gn and Miller mar* >< yrdom. n And let me say that if liic nbolitioniaU n lalinol unite the free States aa n purely , n inti slavery party in the presidential flee- : y it'll of 1860, arid fail again in 186t, we ! o ilmll never hear more of them am n poli.ica! I nirty ; mid It it only n* a politieal parly " lint they are worthy of our notice. There H 11 way a will bo abolilioniata?for foola, en- i ? huuinsla, men of morbid imaginations, l? nt . tl m miHvhiet, or umbilioua of notoriety, nl- , tl vnys will exist. But the nhtdition party jc u the frea Sjat? a in now almost wholly pu? ] l< iticrtl. Do you auppoae that the Sewards, j I lalcn, Wades, Wilsons, Chaaea and their ! ti issocintea, care anything for Aftican slave- i if y, or are really hostile to our system of la- j n ior, an,- mare thaa is the 1'reoident, Dick* : n naon, Bright, -Pugh or Douglas? I do not. ! ei 'heir object is political power. They have 1 di laced themselves on his spring tfde of fa- I p oticisni to obtuiii It. If it fails them?it tl t the next presidential election, nam redly | ?' 'at the two next?we beat them, all this in arty unudiinery will fall to the ground, j ni nd the Smiths, Tappnns, Harrisons and 1 d< 'arkers, will b? left alone to their glory.? | c< lot if I am alt wrong?If my facta and rea- Hi ining are ("alw, and niy hope*delusive?if, ar i I860,they beat ua?what llien ? These f<> rc questions that mny well b? asked.? o! nd the answer is obvious. We must bo bi re pared; and the very efforts we must re inke to prevent such results will bettor ti re pare iim than any courae We can peraue ri< int i can see We must be prepared, I say j m i take care of ourselves, whatever may I fr .1 <?mo. 'It i> clear that the slavoholding ' bates of this cofifed&racv, whatever haz* j ids they may choose to incur by remain* ig in alliance with .? majority of nomslnvc older* now so inflame! against them, must | ver and at sll limes-hold their destinies in lieir own" hands. They can never j>ermit ?y foreign power to legislate in reference ! i? their peculiar industrial system, whether j t> abolish or to modify, or impose undue urdens on it. Such legislation must be ' insisted with all our means, and without egard to any consequences. If it should i u happen that the free States of this Un- j >n, being now, and always to be, in marrity, do establish a political line between be two sections and the two systems of I ibor, legislate upon it and maintain it, then bey w ill constitute a power as foreign to i s as any nation in the world, and we can- j ot submit to it. Whatever the weak and ' efencelcss colonies of other countries may ave submitted to, before these southern itates will be placed in the condition of i it. i'oniingo or Jamaica, or one at al! np* roximnling to it. they will tend this Union ito fragments and plunge the world in rui. it is iu their power to do both, for the j or Id cannot get on without them ; and if1 ntblcss fanaticism and brute force combine 1 nder whatever names, and with whatever ulhority, to tide them down, they will earv with them the pillars of the temple of I ivilization, and force a common fate un a" innkind. There are many who believe that some neli a catastrophe is inevitable. It cannot ' i e denied that, from npperniiccs, here and i Isewhere, It is entirely possible, and it may ot be unwise for all of us to suppose it robabie. Although 1 think that tile ranks i f our enemies are broken and the moral j ietory won, I am fai from proclaiming that i be battle is o\ei, and that we have now i nIV to gather the fruits of our sueees*,? J 1 any battle has Keen won and lost again, by ( verwceniiig confidence, by reckless pursuit, I r by turning aside for the sake of spoil.? ot us fall into none of these errors ; for t e arc still iu the very heat and turmoil of i ils great conflict, and nil might yet bo lost ' flint i wish to iuiress upon you is, thai i icre is hope for effort?triumph for union ] nergy uiul perseverance. i It has fallen upon the slaveholder* of the ' | outli to conduct this question of African I < avery to us tin at convulsion. is our | ile. It in inevitable. I.ctus cheerfully i ;vept si in ti manfully perforin our destined i nrls ; nml do it with no ilinlniHl of timl . I ill) n?i miN^iv iiigs ol our chum* or of our- < elves ; with no panic ; no foolish svlt?* 1111 t > fly from dangers which cannot he avoid- < 1. which hsivu not bcui proven to In? insur. i loutitahlc, nntl w hich I. for one. believe ; nil we can conquer. After what has been 1 :hit'veil by a divided South, now that it is ? most thoroughly united ; now that we I we a Preside.it and his cabinet ; a tnajori ' in both Houses of Congress; a Supremo ourt of the United States ; and still hosts f allies in tiii* tree Slates, ail substantially incurring with us in our construction of ie constitution, and under its obligations truest I v battling with us f.>r tho innintc* tnce of our rights and interests,?we owe to our counltv, to ourselves, to the world id to posterity, to cast aside all Weak fears; I petty or impracticable issues ; all mere rangling and v itiipetalion, personal and ctional, nt>d move forward vvitlt^lhe digity of conscious strength and the calmness f undoubted courage, to the overthrow of Very false theory of government, and eve* l* sentimental scheme for organizing labor; 'rrying w ith us the constitution of our lath rs, jind, if we can, their Union. lint the slave Slates constituting, and as think forever to constitute, a numerical niiorily, can, however, accomplish nothing i this Union, w ithout the aid of faithful ales in the free States. It has been of late >o much tlie habit in tin- South to mistru-t , II such allien?to disparage, to denounce 'id drive theni from us Nolhimr could he ' lore unwise or more unjust. It is distrain iiy lliv truth nnd justice of our nun cause i "calumniating huuiun nature, to doubt that icre tiro in the free States thousands of ! >und thinking, trn-hearted nnd gallant men, ' ho concur essentially in our views: and are j ndy to make common cause with tin. Nay, , in falsifying history and fact. During the it? session I inw men acting cordially nnd > gorotisly with us againat the positive in .ruction* of their excited constituents, at | ie hazard of political martyrdom ; and in , vo instincca tiiat martyrdom was rnnsuininted before the adjournment. Shall we ' i> no honor to such men ? Shall we pay r o tribute to such heroic de\ otion to trutti, < > justice, and the conatitutiou ? Sha'l ?ve j \ile tiiem in common with all northern I ten, because many revile nnd aome hare j ' et rayed us' To be truly great, we must I ] e (lot only juat, but generous and forbearig with all mankind. 1 a t us place cursives in the situation of northern public icn in this great contest, consider their angers ami responsibilities, and making very allowance for human weakness, do ouuige. to the brave and faithful And this leads me to say that, having ever been a mere party politician, inlrieu- i ig and wirepulling to advance myself or thcrs, I am not learned in the rubric of the lousand slangs, unmeaning, and usually ilse party names to which onr age gives j < irth. Hut I have been given to understand Hit there are to he two parties in the South | j ailed ' National" nnd "State ltighl-> Demo- ' j rats." The word ' national" having been 1 urefuily excluded from the constitution by 1 iiose who framed it, ! n< ver supposed it 1 < pplicablu to nuy principle of our govern | I lent,and hating been surrendered to the lmo?t exclusive use,in this country, of the ; idem! ccnsolidationlets, I have ever my* ' ?!f repudiated it. Hut if a south* rn "na- | ional democrat" menus one who is ready to , | welcome into our ranks with open arms, j nd cordially embrace nnd promote accord- j ig to his merits, every honest free State inn w iio reads the constitution as we do, ' i ml will co-operalQ with us in its uiainte- i .on e, then I belong to that party, call it as on may, and I should grieve to find a southrn man who did not. Rut, on the other hand, having Seen all 1 iy life, and being alill, an ardent "State , \ lights' limit?believing "State Rights" in be i n essential, nay, the e**enti il, t lenient ot lie constitution, and that no one who j links otherwise can stand on the name ' (institutional platform that I do, it see ma 1 > me that I am, nnd nil those with whom , act habitually are, if democrats at all, ue "Slate Right* democrats.*' Nothing i public affairs ao perplexes and annoys te a* these absurd party names, and I < ever could be interested in them. I could i icily comprehend two great parties, atari- ( ing on the two great antagonistic prineilea which are inherent in all things human: | 5 e right and the wrong, the good nnd the i I ill, necording to the pe? uliar views of each i < idi vidua); nnd was never at a loss to lind iy side, as now, in what ate known as the . I'liioeratic and republican parties of this 1 >uniry. JRul the minor distinction* have, for ( in most part, seemed to me to On fictitious , , id faetitiona, gotten up by cunning'men ' >r aellish purpvaus, to which the true patri- 1 ' ; and honest man should be alow to lend i i inseif. For myself and for you, while i | , present you, i ahull go for the constitn- . on strictly construed .rid f.'iihfully eared out. I will make iny fight, such ns it ' ay be by the side of any man, w hether ' om the north, south, east, or west who ] will do tin; same; and I will do liomn^u to f Iiis virtue, hit* ability, his courage, and, so far as I can, make just compensation for | his toils and hazards and sacrifices. As to : the precise uiode and manner of conducting this contest, that must iiccessarilly to n great extent depend upon the exigencies j that arise; but of course 1 could be compel- ( led by no exigency, by no party ties or ar- , rangemcnt*. to give up in> principles, or the least of tlroso principles which-consti- ! tutu our great cause. If the Mouth has any desire to remain in the Union, and control it. she, as her safety J requires that she should, in some essential particulars, if she does remain in it, must conciliate her northern allies. Mho must | he just, kind and true, to all who nre true | to truth and to Iter. Hut if she determines, and whenever she determines, to throw off; her northern friends and dissolve this Union, I I need scarcely say that I shall, without j hesitation, go with iter fully and faithfully. ' I do not for a moment duubt that, in or ! out of this Union, she can sustain herself! among the foremost nations of the earth.? j All that she requires is the union of her own people, and happily they never were at nay former period so united ami harmonious as now, A homogeneous people, with our social and industrial institutions the same everywhere, and all our great interests identical, we should always have been united in our moral and political opinions nmi policy. The ambitious dissensions 1 of tiie host o| brilliant men whose names i adorn our annals, have heretofore kept us apart. The abolitionists have, at length, loreed upon us a knowledge of our true position, and compelled us into union?an 1 union not for aggression, but for d?fence; ( purely conservative of the constitution and the eonstitutio..Mt rights of every section and of eve.ri' man. The union of these | States, from the Canada*, to the Rio lirande, ami from shore to shore of the 1 two great oceans of the globe, whatever I splendor may encircle it, is but n policy and j iota principle It is subordinate to rights ^ >nd interests. Hut the Union ol the siave. ] WhVrs of the Mouth is a principle invol- j 1 iing all our rights and all our interests? j i Let that union be perfect and perpetual. It i . ^institutes our strength, our safety and i prosperity. Let us frown down every prop- j isilion that might seriously divide us, and I present to our assailants from every quar- I icr a solid and impregnable phalanx. I.et I UK also give to the wind* everv thought of lear, every feeling of dc*pond? m y, and fully comprehending, and temperately hot rv-o lately asserting, our great power in this sonlederavy and throughout Hie world, let it develope and consolidate our resources, , uid devote ourselves manfully and hopeully to the accomplishment of tin* magnili ent future that in within our reach (Iljr jLtityn. LANCASTERVILLE. S. C. WEDNESDAY MORNING, NOV. lo, 1858 Russell's Magazine The November numh? r of this ndmirshle Southern Periodical has been received ? l'tie following in it* list of contents : What , v Seen and What i* Not Seen : Childhood ; . Piirion?the Carolina Partisan; On see- I ng the Portrait of a child; l^ointin Mr?. tin ; Sonnet ; Notes on the Pine Trees of . Lower Virginia and North Carolina; With i rhee when Suns are Waitiug , Anacreontic. i \ M eet in it with l)e I .a Roche ; An Hour tiuong Medals and Coins ; The Lover's Song ; My ( Country Lodging* ; The Par- J Ihcnon; I*amia; Sonnet; The Hlastok Family ; Sonnet: Heart and Conscience ; Kditot's Table, Another attempt upon Nicaragua Wo find in tho Charleston .Mercury a Proclamation from President Huchanao, dated 30lh nil., relative to an expected violation of our neutrality laws. It states that information has reached tho Depart- j merit, that a third military expedition is being set on foot in the United States, against Nicaragua, a foreign State with which we are at peace; that in order to raise money to equip the expedition, bonds have been sold, pledging the public hinds ! of Nicaragua as security, and the hostile design of said expeditioo is apparent from the fact, that these bonds Can be of no pus. vible value unless the present government of Nicaragua i? overthrown The Presideut also alludes lo Walker's repeatedly expressed intentions of renewing host,lilies agihiat the country over which In; clain.a the right to be president, rtriil for which ke has renounced allegiance Lo th?* United States, and caution* nil (good riti/.cn*, who might wish to join the cape- | dition, not to t>e deluded into the belief that they are about to be conducted to Nicnra- , gua na peaceful emigrants. lie aaya fur- , ther, that Walker hen given notice to the s Collector of the port of Mobile thnt two ( or three hundred emigrant* will be prepar- ; cd to ernb*i V from thence about the middle j of November. 1 , The Proclamation winda up b) enjoining i vigilance upon nil olfkcr* of the govern- ! i meat, civil nod military, in suppressing theae illegal enterprise*, and in carrying out their nlmniing uiHtriicliona to thnt effect, Hid exhort* all good citizen* to aid the i public Authorities in diach.irging their i Julie*. Gbn. An iii.*on.?We *io it ntnted in 1 loine of on Western exchange* that ex- 1 S.-ontor David It. Atchison, of Mi*<ioiiri, 1 a ho did auch gallant service* for the South n the Kansas struggle, ha* announced his I lolerminatioii to retire to the ahaden of < private life, having bccouie disgusted with 1 oolitic* And it* trickery. It is auid ho has ' ine of the finest nnd best plantati ona in > Missouri. * I # Senator Hammond's Speech. ,ci1 We publish to-day the speech of Senalor Hmnmond'R, delivered nt Barnwell Court House on tne *J7lh ultimo. We of- j. for no apology for crowding our columns with fuch a speech, the ablest that has nppeured for many a day, and, in its states* I manlike exposition Of the theory and prat? j tieeof government. its profound origiuuM- j "M ty of thought, its comprehensive views of | ral Southern right- nnd Southern wrongs, and ! its expansive and ably digested suggestions lm to tl?e South in regard to her policy nnd proper course as a part of this confederacy, deserves to be classed among the lincst of* j ' forts of Calhoun or McDultio. Hammond is to-day, emphatically, the brightest star in the Southern galaxy. South Carolina has rarely been without a grcsit Senator in Con* U? gross ; she has a character in this respect, " and if she has lost any p'eslige since the fj'| days of ilnyne, of Cheves, of McDnthe. , |(||1 and of Calliotiu, it is revived in Iter present p,.| distinguished champion and representative, do The State elected him almost by see I aillation, nnd lie has happily demonstrated 'j that none had too high a conception of his , tli; abilities. Many, it is true, have been dis- ' me appointed in him ; we expected that such would be the ease, and lie would r.ot have *j ^ been the profound and honest statesman Df thnt be is if it bad not been so. He lias ate not truckled to the desires and wishes of '' ? (lie lire-eating politicians of the South and J" ' sown disseiitions in Southern ranks ; he t|)t has not appealed to our fears, and pictured the Demon of Abolitionism as a thing too A terrible for the South to meet face to face ? in a manly light in the Union nnd under w|. the guarantees of the constitution ; he does not counsel the South that her only hope is in an immediate dixmlutinn of the Union |]J( ? that it is useless to contend?thht she co| in u>>t strike her colors nt once and avoid t)n the chances of an ignominious defeat. Had ,(p lie done this, he Would have met the desires j|_( and expectations of many in tlm South, nnd an, in our State, whose efforts tend to divide n)| the South and to make party distinctions 1 (.(j among us. But his course has been the j?? very antipodes of this. lake a brave and I tr.( discreet tieneral, lie has care'ully surveyed hi* forces ; counted the strength of his po I'" "' "J ? ' "Ke I?nny I ~ iti llie Stale ami liy many iutmiih in mir 1 .. . . i . , | l)r own section. In their judgments, the ,, r,c speech i< not warm enough upon the noli. 1 ject of Southern wrong* : it* tone i* not I sectional enough; it embrace* in it* coin* ! V. . i alii prehenaive detail* tin area outside of South j ^. (Carolina ! and the speaker is accused ol | , having modified, very materially, hi* view* ^ since hi* *pt ech in the last Congress was | delivered. " , , I'Jl' We think that upon the subject of South- \ (o ern Rights, Senator Hammond i* everything; ! jthat i* warranted hy the present eondition of affair* ; and we see no discrepancy, or ' inconsistency, between hi* late speech and <.lv the one he delivered in Congress, in which &fthe pictured the North and the South in array face to face and warned the opposition ' of the dnngcr of pu*hing u* to extremities nM lie might adopt the same language to-day, t? and it be in perfect consonance with his late Rw remarks. What is more to the point than when he tell* u* that We must lie prepared to bike care of ourselves, w hatever may come ; that we can never permit any foreign iutel^ ^ ferenee with our peculiar industrial system, jnj 'whether to abolish, or to modify, or to im* ^ piH undue burden* upon it.'' Such interfer- j encc.be tell* us, must be rc*i*tcd with all un our might and w ithout any regard to conseijiencsa. What cure for the speeches of such men at the North a* Seward, and wnt mid for the faii.il oa! jubilee* finltei) up for ' 8 1 HOI party purposes, to long a* they do not ef- | feci u? practically ! are we to be scared ^ out of the Union by such paltry demon- \ ^ Htration* ? l-et them put to ns a nrnclicul i ... . r . ' son teat?ons that will touch our intcrvaU or ^ our honor, and the whole South will be ^ j ready to assert her rights, and, if need be, j ^ her independence. The remedy of disso- j lutioti isalwaxsul band,and we can resort 1 ... - I wa .v it ?? uii/ muiiieni mm our right* or privilege* nre curtailed in the Union. We agree with *11 the practical part* of ' fOU Senator Hninniond'* speech in toto, relative to the pi vac n l and future policy of liio W|| South ; we believe thul it in well adapted t|11( to the exigencies of the time*. In tlie?u |an view* we may be in the minority here, but t,of it h * *aiinfection to know that some of ;n^ the beat matured judgment* in our oininu- 0|? nity coincide with u*. The Stale *1 large |(p| we have 110 doubt, ia pleased with Senator t,?|, liammond'a poiiiiioii. We **k from all of jur reader* a careful pcnu.nl of the speech, which thine ocattering rem irk* liava by no n j mean* done justice to. ' In regard to the speculative remarks of iu I Ihe speaker, in reference to early dying out an) ?f the abojitiou sentiment at the North, we bin io not indorse. ao heartily, however much tifij we would like to do ao. We have noma Ijm misgiving* npon thin point, and whioh the has late eleetione at Ihe North arffot caleula. U01 nil ion niiil coiti|>arc<l it with that of t lie* 1 u,.j enemy; ha* calmly rctrottpt cti-il tin- pro- oui |?rcfa of events from the bi-yinnin^ ?>f tins 1,1 nooimoD warfare, arid the result of lus <>l>- ' i, i I nerval ions are the wet. maluted coin tenons 1 j)(> thai the South, united, Iiiih tio reason tor am fear or Mpprebeiiftinii ; that her present |?o- Ian mlion in the (It ion is one of both honor |"r ami siren(jili?strength, considered, not | only in respect to numbers, wealth and in- as exhaustible rest no OH, but a degroe of llior- , ul strength that is inealeulable, and that is ^ ^ increasing with every turn of the wheels of ' ( | civilization throughout the world. Ami if j j tiiis abolition warfare is to continue to an , I to issue, it is clearly to be a wr.rf.irv of defence ' nt the South ; we have ewiythiiig that we | could ask under the constitution?no prae- i tical deprivation of our rights to complain of, and he counsels us, that we have only , r< 1 to unite our resources, confide in our strength, ami await the issue with which 1,11 We are threatened #n' ! So This, it seeiiih lo us, is sound and judi- | eious ad*ice : but in this opinion, we are J ^ aware that we are opposed by many *d' our i ^ \ I to allay. Time, however, will show llit: tli or fallacy of the prediction, nti<i if dcloped in accordance with the speaker's nceplions, posterity will do justice to his | seeing sagacity. The South Carolina College. The Carolinian applauds the effort* Unit it being made by the present Faculty to ho the standard of scholarship in the nth Carolina College by enforcing strict nsures of discipline. Another examinaui of the suspended students resulted in * ? rejection of live. Says theCmulininn : | "Our College has greatly suffered in pop ir estimation by the fare'J of former alnpts at punishing by auspennion. 11 loiinted to no punishmeiiL as the exaiuition for re-admission was hut formal.? ider the present discipline, suspension is punishment. It exvitidcs the student nn the priiilcgcn of the institiitien, while compels him to studious application, by iking his ronduiis-ion a contingency dcndeiil strictly upon a faithful and earnest votion to the studies of his class. Again, College has sntlered by the low estiniato licit beg in to attach to a diploma. The nsition from class to chins was so easy, ,' il the. filial uwauluient of a diploma nut little more than that the graduate I been io the institution and had there ourntd through the period required by i regulations. It was no sure certificate scholarship, and could nvuil the gradu- " i nothing in after life. The public knew it it did not, as it professed, really certify lolnrahip. This new schedule will ath a new importance to ilu* diploma of College. Colleague for Senator Hammond. i'he able editor of the Charleston Sr.ics, 0 is known to be of the thorough Stales {lit School, in the pioper sense of that m, gives a flattering notice of Senator iiiiliiond's speech. He deprecates the urse of certain one-idea politicians in s State, who nre intent upon reading out the States Rights party, such men as- 9 mtrvoiid, Orr, Hoyce, McQueen, Keitt 1 others. These Sir Oraules of Statu {hi- have associated with its time honordocilities that impracticable nul disgust; project?the ro-opciiing of the slave do. lie con tludes with an appeal to the ito : r 'l.et South Carolina rally to a man?t ted brolherliooit, under the banner of r Sc..at or. l.et tier stand with the South our great cause, (jive liiin an able and 1 X'rieiiceii colleague, not faetioui-t ()no 1 i be found, if petty prejudices and i-sin-s laid aside, lie cannot he obtained from ong one idea inen->-siich men are always aties or faclioiiinl*. The time haw come our firmest patriotism ami highest IntelI?those which illustrate themselves on j igh and enlarged scale, to he put forward our counsellors and champions." I kitr Senators and Representatives elect, io at the iippiouehing session of Viic l,"g- , ituro must select a colleague for Senator mmond, would, in our judgmeiit, do well I heed such counsel. Meeting of the Syajd in Sumter, I'he Watchman contains a no the of the cut meeting of the Synod in Sumter.? e Inn.du d and live members were in atdance and the meeting of the body, w. s mated and harmonious throughout.? me of the first ministerial talent wero iscnt. Dr. Thornwc'.l was called aw av fore the close by afflictions in liiscongrr Lion. Dr. McDry de, n returned MissionArum China, presided as Moderator.? \A .... - i Milt inaugur.iu-u rroii HHor ?>t clcsinstical History in the Seminary at lumbia. I>r. J. I.. Wilson, for fifteen irs it Missionary in Africa, delivered it rring address upon the subject of Foreign ssions. I'hu IVatehrnun adds tli.il the |?tist and Prcnbyteri.in < 'hurdles were filled on Sunday with serious nnil ilobted congregations, Mid it was pleasant ? witness the harinony and brotherly nf. lion of the dilTercnl denominations. m \ I* I'lte citizens of Clivraw and vicinity w ill e complimentary dinner to lion. John Queen, at Cheraw, on the 19tii iiul ? William Bullock, l's?j, was elected Ordi. ; y for Kershuw District, on tie ti.rnh ult., supply the place of the Into incumbent, v, John II Joy, decease). For the Lancaster ledger. Jackson'? Bit ill Place. lien. ft. li. NVulsup has shown where kson iraS born, according to the e\idctico | I need. Hut the question where ought < kson to have hecu born is by no mesns important. The follow ing is offered ss answer to that question : vl?y w, not reasonably suppose that it ? the desire snd purpose of General Jacki and his mother that lw ah >itid be b". n J South Carolina ? But they w ere frostrsI in the worthy design It is admitted; t he was born in North Can.li.jt. in after the death of old Mr. Jackson?* hnsbsnd and father?-as wss prsrliea* R , Mrs. Jackson took her journey lo# s uth Carolina. On account / the pover*! . _ _ # _ I J SI I - * "r unwinunen* 01 o:a .>11 ? inHur, *"VH * not permitted to have a horee, a |"'"J < even an m to travel or., but uftdertooKI journey on foot. The hilly, rrouk<-% J igh, unposted and unpointed "pnMiV ifey rth Carolina, with the scanty fare of iltf y, no exhausted Mr?. Jarkaon't t ah? wan unable to get o(T the ' trip JK il" into "Carolina" before Andrew n. Aa early as'Sould be expect," le^>f E th? awaddiingcloth? Ac., in NorthC..f lias, Mrs. Jackson gathered her child ! ' arms and while uncle Hip was >el tjep sho struck a 'beo lino' for South -olina where great in> n are taind an i 0 born when mothers are not forced U ireniature delivery. 1 he jtiiprrsaion that Jackaon was bori South Carolina may he aerounii d t >r i t one of four waya: 1. I lis mother toll ? "ha was born in the Waxbawsturn X to t?<ll liim whether ib the North Can i or Mouth Carolina part of the \V? ? vs. Having anch latitude for the loc . ? a of his birth pb>r*i Andrew /boose I ~j I