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Governor's Message. 11 xkcu rive De?ahtmest, Columbia,S. C., Nov. til}, ISj7. fellow Cilizt ns of t'tn Senate an,I House of Representatives ; Assembling ys you do for I hi* |.ul>lic service from every election District m II.e Stale, representing all profession* and oceopa tiollS, VUU be (I with > on. ?H>li bllcss, a g l aieful sense el the present bles*.ciijo, ed bv our citizens, ot l.eaitli and biMii.luui li#vvests, und will cheerfully unite will, me in aspirations of praise to ilie Almighty power, by wlii'in aiene tliey are. bestowed. In view of all ilie circumstances by which we are surrounded, our people cannot have too scrupulous a regard to individual integrity, nor can we too s;rioilv yuaid again*! uic failings which peculiarly beset us, assured that a practical life, which best illustrates a due sense ot dul\ to bind and our neighbor, constitutes the most acceptable set vice f,. i..... ...i... ? i . - .j..jj ..uuuiucu me ajjairs ot inch, and w hose eyes are upyu*us all. Il must needs l.e thai sickness and death visit ever) community, sinking dean ihc youthful and llje aged. Hie MgoroUs and active, as Well as the iinirin. It we have seen the energetic niii:d?, industrious puweis.and generous impulses of tiieiids and public servants stilled in death, we lia\e left t > lis U>C inestiiiiablc sallat.<clioii ?>l knowing that they met their laic w llli courage III tlie path of duly. iMOl'i' yeur lust session He.ilil lias deprived liic delcga'i " "j l,,.ugress In.in this Stale of two veiucd iiie-uibeis. In the month of February, the lion. I'rcslon S Brooks, while in the midst of active public duty, engaged in a course ot tisefn mess ami j honor,and w inning' l?y his manly conduct Mui sterling worth the Cuiiliiicncc at.d adniiration ot member's wa? rciuowd to anoiiier ] sphere. The only utlieial intimation J had el .Mr. Brooks' death, was communicated j on the Until of March, by one ot' our Senators, tl;e la.e Judge Butler. Within t\vo ' months from that date lie too was laid m j the silent grate biside Ins gallant teiulive and 11 lend I'.M'ilablo and conscientious as I he was, ll'.e labors ot the last Uongress hud I proved too uiueli tor linn. Honorable and ' lair in despatching business?tigiluul and ! faithtul in his peculiar trust?diligent, sum- ' ted, and able in uis> barging it, his nervous 1 sensibilities were too highly wrought upon, , and the tension ot his uiei.lr.l energies loo j incessant to be longer endured by the pliy ? | icai frame. Soon after reaching the cove- . ted quiet of his own home, he sank into j the arias of death, univer.-ally regretted by ! Iiis associates in life, mourned and lamented j by bis constituents?the people of this ' State, The " " 1 _ v.tiiwu in me r uurui V.?'II- I gres.-ional District, lias been tilled by the | election of (ji'ii. Miileilgc Ij. lioniium, of j Udgclield, who was commissioned in Alay I last. In place of the Hon. A. 1*. Duller, 1 have tnude no temporary appointment. A on vvili doubtlessappreciate the importance of supplying the vacancy Ivy joint ballot of b<'tii House* vvilliout delay, in order that the new Senator may be enabled to take his beat in the next Congress at an early date of the Hessian. Tlieie is yet lo be mentioned the name of another* venerable citi zoo, once intimately and prominently associated with the Uoveiiiiiioul of boili the Slate and the United Ml ales, whose loss v\ e deplore, and lo whoso brilliant .iv?r early service I may be pcrinilivd to tiiluile. Erect and commanding in sluliiic up lu lllu day ot? ki< l??t iW???-ww, uriivn m"' ! ??.? tied ill dcpoi ilneiit, wise ill council, lirin, resolute and faithful in the practice of ins profession and the duties of lite?suoli was Eangdon Tlioves. Successful in life, full of honors, and prostrate only under the weight of j earn, lie li. s been laid in the grave by grateful country men and weeping friends, Willi all the mileuiUUics and icspcciful observances due to such ail occasion ? lie was the last of tlie distinguished trio who by tiieir ability, iulegiity, and courage rendered the South Carolina Dclcgiumu in Congress during ihe wai of JSiu, so distiiigiiished and inllueniial. Together iliey labored nobly and ctlicicntlv in tuose days of fearful excitement ami trying diiliculty, for tfie welfare and honor of then* country, fho Navy, which it was Air. 1.1.eves' peculiar care to develope and cliensli ; Hie Navy, bearing i's llag ami leaving ii? name liiuuipilant upon every sea, taught the proud foe a lesson of jusnce, to recognise America as an equal among the naiions of the eat III. The war honorably closed and a peace establishment settled, lie retired iroin the Speaker's cln.ir to serve his .Mule m me Judiciary Department, until called on n* ('resident .Monroe to administer lite it.ink of the United .Millin .Ause.it ten years liu returned in 1BJV, to the ?,uiei of his unlive mils, proclaiming to the MiUlll tne danger which lie und perceived afar olf ai.uuiiuueously with hi.s distinguished compeer in inu tendency of Fidoral legislation. ltcvoud occasional counsel, lie tlcc.nicd nil pariidpa lion in public life, until the j ear I Bull.? Then ut the age of seventy four, he appeared at Nashville us u meinour of the South, urn Convention, intent to perforin to tne Just Ins part, by warning ills country men against the policy ol a majority hi Congress, which, substituting expediency for j principle, was gradually sapping the coi.sti Union, and threatening ultimately the rights of the Slates. His last public uci was signing the Ordinance of ]8uti?passed by inc State Convention ol widen lie was a member. i'ost the age of tour scores ears, having long survived his great cu laborers and vvoituy colleagues, I .own lies and Calhoun, i be too is gone, lake llieui, lie lias left us in his upiighl example in all public stations, ill tills loftiness, the ouriiv. tm- ?uin?ii...?. - Jus character, in the truih and power, and grandeur of his eloquence, a legacy ol priceless worth. The Souni Carolina Collkub.?Tiiis Institution, so deservedly ciieri-died h, the peojdu of lliu tunic lor lis Usefulness, as Well as lis renown, has undergone, since your adjoiirniiieiit, a severe tint1, owing to the indiscreiion nl youili, nidi some mistaken notions of honor, which hate ohluuicd among the student*, together w uh the wuiil of aptitude mid power to aduiuli*lor the Jaws of I he College, which Unhappily char* iicteriEed the President, a mail distinguished for science, and otherwise id' pructicul usefulness, who, i s Professor of Mathematics, was eminently competent, able and valuable. Called together at/in eMraordinary meeting in the mouth of June, the Uoard of 'i'ruslecs deemed it easenljai lutiie due per forinance of their trust, to re-orgaiii/e the Government of the College. Accordingly, the members ol the Faculty were invite i lo resign? President McCay had previously tendered his resignation ; and the exeici*en of the College w?re suspended till the J it ^ of October, inns making toe annual vacation * eighteen days longer lliau Usual, nod dispensing, liccessarii), wull the June exafji- 1 nation. Assembling again in the month ol September, at no little personal inconvenience, the Hoard ol Trustees haic deemed il wise lo restore the greulor number of the j Professors lo the duto-M of a Faculty, assigning to each individual the charge of toe tarioua brandies of learning iu nuc^^^^r i.s It is supposed will ensure horc^^Bjflfc-jW grsalcr unupomAy arrangement, which by ths Hoard ol J instee*. the duTTvMQHPf Jgatlicui.iHc.tl Ih-partoieut havo Ikuv^K^FT ItThi V ! uii to 'he Professors of Natural Science ami j of Chemist re. It in to be hoped that this ! iinporl iii; chair will be dc|Jiiiitel\ (ilb-J bo| fore the close of the tear. However onivcu.aliv it be adiniitetl thai the Classics should constitute the lending feature ill he lead:* ?j l.iterarv Ins itutioii of the State, yet in u eoiiiiiiuuity of planter* and fir incus, W here agi icultiire pierails, evell i.' coiuiecj lion will) this 'eanjed profession*. the iin portatice of tieoin in. 'J'r {joinunetrv, Surveying} Mensuration and Mechanic*, eannot be * \c looLe.I in eoiuplct.no ilie education of youth, nor should we fail of inviting the student* to a due un?leistandiii<r of Astron otjiyNatural and Kvperiuicutnl I'liil<*sophy, j Natural History and (iciieral Seienee ? Again, ("In mist i y, (icologv, Mineralogv and Meteorology, v\ itb lectures and experiments on the application of Cliuinirdrv, Ideology and l-,?l....i rii.it. : - i > > .ig I n llllU I C, COIIHI II (lie )ltl essential branch for which a I'rofcuiir is provided. Until .lime tin* Jhesident of the ('ol logo \Vas, also, l'rofessor of M.ilhenialI les. Sinoe Spptemher 'lie l'rofessors !.e1 ('onte have attended to the duties of this ; chair in conjunction with their own. .\s regards discipline, it would be dernga| ton to the just influence of parents, supposing them to have done their d'ttv j to their children at home, ami liuuiili | ating to our eouiuioi) nature, to maintain that intelligent and ncarU grown young gentlemen reed strict survcilunce at Colhoe ; to b,. kept in order l?y the force of ; authority, whilst tliey are piohting hv the ample means to pursue the higher .Mathe 1 unities, alid to accomplish themselves ill ( 'las-ieal l/iteratnre. vv hjcli the State has so vvisijv and liberally furn shed for their benfill. .No' Jet the seuipr members of the l "o:lege et vv i'll discretion, iiiod.-rui u.u u..t decorum, and lot the >?>un?;i-r In' controlled In their precept and example. It dwi r.ol ol'U'ii happen liitit men who are demoted in st i.dv, either sciehlitic in literary, (and it is Willi such melt, tiu.lh, tllal the I'rolcsso. li.tl cilairs nutsi he tilled,) are found to pus. ' su*a, among ihei r other gifts, administrative talents. Young gclitIcinet) of eighteen er nineteen years id aye siiould know smite- J what Imw to govern tln-insehei?. Until the students of the Unliege shall become , alive to a sense of their personal respoiisi tidily to the State and to Iheinseivi-h, the | very best administration of the College 1 laws, as a government is destined often to fail. On ei toting t'o'lege each student ?igns the Roil," the e iptioii ol wntelt oinhraces a pledge to cntiloiiii to the regain- I lions, and to avoid uniawfoi eotnbinaiions. I < )n the late oeeasioit, the vi nug gentlemen i seem to h;i\e peistiaded litems;*!ves that, in ; repudiating the authority of the ('resident, { they were noting individual!) , not in eotnhi- | nation. Yet, alter a loi.tereneo with the 1'rnfvssois, it was u?al|iiesl to the Hoard that ulllio <t the whole College was implicated. The sltldellls deemed il a point id honor to sustain the class which refused to I reeite to theil" chief l'lid'es>i>r I til... j Iui(I questioned Iiis iutcgiity and condemned | hi* lulminiatrative ability. I lore is ev idcncc | "I extensive combination, \i'l no student j Was Iliadt* conscious ?'l II. Il VVuH deemed ; necessary il'at I lie- Trustees lm iwnvinliled . Id iii-.li m l tin* Faculty us lo tlicir execution | of I lie laws of i lie (,'oliegu. Our young lucn are coUiiuciided to tbo *etit inicnt, \\ ell j expressed elscvv here by an able writer. Iiiui i sell an a I iiiui. us of llic (.'iilli'jjf. obedience | to law and to lawful authority is honor. I ARsKNAL AND ClTADt.L ACADt.MIE.-4. ? I | beg leave ! > refer you to the Report of the j Heard of Visitors of ti?*? M ' Acaileinies, which arc lloiirisliing as ever. Tiu-ir ordcr arid discipline are exemplary i The (iradualing t.'ia?s of tips year, eon| sisiiug of twenty, turns out V.t society, in I its various culling*, jou g men who, as hcrctofoic, bv their capability and willing, i ru-ss to be useful, will <io credit to tlicir | training, and to the Estate w hose patronage they hnveshared. Fkkk iScilooLs?The Frv e School* are I doing more good ihiin they have been allow| cd credit lor. Wherever educated gentle ' men id the country have generously inter! estcd themselves in I lie subject, and with eontiiiemiuhle zeal ami puhiie spirit have ile| voted a portion of their cio-rj. ies to the sueI f'1'nH III lit.' vi..?,.v?.l- -I-.. I --- > ' , . ... .... ............. iiiit i.nv uas operated t well. As a hasis t? r a practical system, regarding tiic character ot' <mr population and tile geographical peculiaralien of the Stale, 1 have not been ulilo to arrange one more ; satisfactory. la-t it-> piov isiin<, with sonic ' uinciidniciit, he faithlully arid judiciously executed, with consideration lor those chiefI, interested, and it will discover itself to i our community a sys'eni at once available, useful and creditable, inviting and rewarding the services ot <|tia,itied teachers, ii sup ply of wiioni cannot he loo early provided : for. 'J'hc excellent public school which has been organi/.ed mi Charleston by '.lie , Commissioners of St. Philip's ami St. Mb ehaei.s, will nooii furnish a number of young persons, who, it may be hoped, will do i something towards introducing in other portions of tile Stale tile benclits of liie improved system under which they have ; been trained. i iccoliliilelid that provision I he made tortile establishment, without deI lay, of one or more Normal tSeln ols, ut vvlneli liie promising pupi.s Irom the Schools III* 111 VI/ iioic 1... ?' ' .....J >'U Kfl IMVI WUItCillUU l*T lilt* pur* pose, and trained to toe art id' leaching. I nc.se are admirable institutions, ami, if' well managed, cannot fail to sclHi I'orili the young people of the Stale into ihe bn?iIiCms oi li.e as witnesses uf their uselul ncss- They arc eminently enii.led to tlie liotieo oi benevolent and public spoiled ciii/ena of wealth, who may desire to render useful to their kind, a portion of the surplus means with w liielt they have been Incased. '1 he hrst Normal School in America Was founded on an offering oi # 10,000 for the j i.rpuse, by .Mr. Ifwigul, a wealthy eili/en of Massachusetts, to which the ' State added ^jll U,UdU, and the thing was soon nccoiuplisiicd. 1 have seen that i sctiool in suceesstul o|ieralion, and fieelv , givo you 111 \ he I it I In.it,1 Statu winch pretends to sustain a general system ol pnolic 1 education should not rchlalu a year wtllioul 1 a school ot the kind lor the regular supply til competent ami uccuslt lued leuchcrs. In j order lt> add effect to the system, by fur- j mulling toe III arm lor null resolution, mid 1 by winch nwy be imparled to II equitl uie- | f<iIri?5?s? in every portion oi the 8ui?, 1 ru commend thai the <*e.cfuI iiunrii of Coui- | miitaioi.cib of I'rti) School*, bo authorized by in ?v lo r.Jso by avmniiifiit on Ine Ninoulit of genera) taxes in Iheir re?peclive hive- , I lion liiN'riclM, a miin of money t-<|uul to < that appropriated by lire Slulu out of the public Treasury, lo lit* expended mid nc* ooutiU'd lor in iiKc manner. VVheiie-cr Hie Iiiii-Im outi lie raited tor liio pur pun.*, I think il would contribute to the welfare of iho Male lo ealubiish ul*o a Murine bciioul ul llio port of Charleston. ~ Akylum roil tup. Deaf and Dumb aud the Hmno ?I transmit Hit* Keporl of lue ! 1'riiicipul of iliu Asylum for i>caf Mulct I ami lire lililld. I hu public Work* there lire , in progress, and 1 urn happy to liuve it i in itiv" powvr, by Hiding in the expenditure j of tue public money, lo eoiilributu moiiio itb,i( to lite liberal establishment of tbt* high charity. Among lire blind, as well as tlie dt* if mid dumb, trade* aril beginning to (occupy the niodk and lira hands of the pu|piU, itiu* assuring l.'u ni of tmir ability to P>t I aipful, nnd cultivating a wholesome P - will grow up a colony of pupils 011 the lands of the State, ami u society w hich w ill bo independent and thriving, by their various trades ami occupations. The Commission?rs will see to its regulation in tlue lime. These good citi/eus have performed so Well the services of the State ja this regard ?so consistent uinl disinterested have been tmir l.itiors?so jtiiiieiotis their arrangements for the bettelit of tin' . jrge, that I lane great satisfaction in ci ? p -ru:ing with them cx-vljicio. I i ..t ii. .i il I? i ? - .* .Mill im I in: linmu ill i" III lease will.in tli?- sphere <d their supervision llii* public education miller I lit' Free School laws; that I hey lie nutlioi i/cd to organize lilid establish (im* or inure .Noiuial School* \ in each ilivisimi of the Slate lor the pre)i:g<iIi?>11 nf (cache's. an I to introduce ami e.\plain nnpiov cli ents in the methods of instruction. Tliey should lie allowed, while on duly, during the recess of t|je Lcgisla* '.iire, the pay and mileage of members. Ililhcilo they have received no coinpcijsulion bevond that which arisen from the consciousness of rendering good service to the | State, and kind ollice.s to the interesting objects of tlicir cure. pe l.a howe Sciiuoi. at l.kthk.?During the past summer, in making n military ! tour through the State, a day was devoted the school .it l<cthc, in Abbeville Pisliict, founded by the will of Dr. John do la liowe, at the close of the last century. Hit devises tile land on which lie ,,'.tl> all Ii'ih I inds adjacent, hi* library, Ac., Hie., lyr tlu* purpose of keeping tip tjie farm, and establishing a Beluui! I'nr Hit* support and t'tluiMlM'ti nt twelve buys and twelve gills, nl AliliiaiJIr District, so as In nun lily tin in In lin.ke intelligent unit useful fanners and tanners' wives, ami especially reeoniiiientls Hint the principles of chemistry be I.ingot. si' tar us tliey are applicable to practical agriculture and domestic ecunuiny. I'luia it is. iiideed, a valuable nucleus of ngrioiiltura education, worthy of tne runsldcralioii and cliilglltctleil patronage ol the tieiieral Askciiiniy. It is the Inundation of a benevolent foreigner, whose remains are the enluiuled, and whose example is entitled to lasting honor and itill ience. I have recommended in the winlliv Commissioners, who now devote their lime and attention to its interests, to raise the standard of education in proportion us their means will allow. A iltlhciiliy in the way ol their greater us. fulness, tliev represent to ine, lies in the waul ol places tor their pupi.s alter completing their term of tour tears. It tliey were autluiri/.cd, ii\ law, to send one ol tlieir .young men annually to ttie Aisoiial Academy, at Columbia, or lour. r even two in the course ut four ycais, and, also, within the same term, four of the girts to a .Ninitial CSehool, in tuder to learn the art ot teaching, this obstacle might ultimately be passed. Tliell teacher, inis jear, a .? 111.ill, nil mi l i_v vim nl Uicir J?IIpils, wlin lias pas-eil successfully through Hie loi.r yciir.H couimv ul the filiate Ac.uiei uiies. I. would contribute materially to I tin* jiruj;ri'iw ot ili.it kind ot education 1 which lint so long been desired in Carolina, il tins young man could be sent to ail agricultural scliool in Luropc for two yearn, 1 and return to take charge of llie Let lie {School tour yearn in comiteusuiiun. Financk ami It a n kt.?The financial condition of iltc fiila.o is sound, lliougu at the liicacni uioiueiil net cssarily soiucw hat cm| tiair.isscd. \\ iiboul including U.c surplus ) revenue, ?l,UoI09. which is held on j deposit, tlic ticbl of llic {Mate amounts to 5j,Uj?,D3i oo, drawing interest at a rate | v.trying irom 3 to l> per cent, I lie t. xcm ! returned lor tbc last lineal year arc $1*3, 111 00. i lie oidtnary annual expenses do not exceed j5.3OU.uuu, but tiio payments ; out of ine I rejisury the past year far exceed thai sum. For particulars I refer to the j report of the Comptroller (iwnerul. 'File same report will present the month* | !v exhibit ot the condition of tbe (tanks, 1 \\ 11 li111 ten years the number of Hanks lias j been increased io twenty, which are re1 turned monthly, with an aggregate capital ol .514.3J 1 ,t>4 I iiO, with a specie basis in {September ol $991),uU9 "iC, anil a lineot domestic exchange amuuuiing to $lui!'i6, oau yj. ?'1 liii" I Mini m\ ol She Hanks I in Hie cuniuuTi-i.il oil. of Charleston, liav. ii.u a capital of 98,137.1)12 j.j, returned tor i Uit-ir |>iti I only *3,U2<,<)67 73. 'j lie capital I of tlic ten itaiika hint aiuiicJ in ilit* exnibil ' amomitn to 9iU,137,612 26; tlicir circu!u* lion fur September a .i? f.l, 8'J,.i2l); tlicir | specie on lutti>1 lor the name month $61)7.* Dill I j. The circulation ol the name itankn | an shot, ii in llic (it on I li ot October, Wat ' #3,81)0,604, mid llicir npccie amounted to - $430,8U3 'Jo. I lie tc'i banks, last named, liuviiia together a capital ol tl,7(U)0(JU, re| turned lor their circulation in September (3,716,344; npccie on hand, $401,460 21 I 1 lie cuculalioii of (lie same HauKn,an allow n ill Hie October exlubii, wan $3,218,316 60; specie on llutld, #30 i,807 II. l*i ine lir.nl hull'ot the )eur I wnn pi caned lo learn tliat Ihu hi I In oflliu principal liankn in SoiiiIi Carolina conaliliited nliil a por* i lion of Hie most approved cuirency in the ; W ent, and were available also to traveller* as tar iNoilh as the city ??I" New York. Those of some of the smaller banks, it was said, were sometime* luutid, at certain poinis in liie W esleru ISUIca, circulating loo freely and in too gieat uiiinbcra. in graining charters hereulter, 1 lliinh it would he well tu eon line the Hanks to dealing in 1 exchange, dlscouul and Ucp??sl. The tisue r>f hills lor currency aliomd ho the prerogative ol Hie liaUK oi tile >>t.ile, wliicn, in its turn, should he denied the privilege ot discounting notes ?t dealing in ooineetic exchange, i he corpuratiuus which demand a eireulating niediuui lur tneir business, should apply to toe cMnle uullmrity for the same, depositing one third oi the amount desired iu specie, alld the remainder III SatIsluclory securities, so as to assure the public ol the soundness and convertibility ot a mixed currency, 'i'liis suggestion is made oo the suppo <111011 that the estate will adhere to the !<aiia of the (Stale as its liscal agent, not because 1 prefer it as such. Unless souie such uiodihcalioii of toe system be adopted, i am ol opinion that it would citiducc to the soundness of the currency, and more lo toe interest of till) w hole community, to liaVe the Hanking business of the (Stale done oy six corporations instead of twenty. 1 recommend that the laws against usury be repealed, leaving the l?ga rate of interest at 1 per cent, w here no contract is made. Ac know (edging the principle of this reform as sound, i have hitlierlo, in another capacity,refrained from pressing it, believing ..in i lium. 11111111 siiuuiu of prepared lor It l)j III I UlMC'iMiOII. 1 Hill HOW of opinion mm ii miioiiM no longer tit* postponed. .Money is entitled to (lie tteoeiii of u mar* ket ivt well a* every commodi'y ; and the owner of money should not bo denied the privilege of lending il except through the artificial, and Mouieiniisa costly, medium of a corporation Hanks, too, nhnuld be ul* lowed to wise, for Hie use ot money loaned, Whalover it is Worth in the market, uini be thereby relieved from the tempting facility of evading the law in order to increuso their prolits. jvusPKHaioM or Specie Payment*.?Ue. gard.ng the rev ent revulsion in finance and the currency, 1 wi II not attempt to eo utile ra.e Us causes, but will venture to direct > our attention Dot so oiuuh to the If an Its, as to lire ayalem of banking. A system v % * m v * yfjw'niS' ' which sanctions the issue of pnpei money ' i to so large an amount, leading to inflated , credits, inllated prices, extravagant habits of living and reckless speculation, may bo I snjijiosed calculated to produce a crisis | j sooner or later. The unhappy sin king of a ship with bullion I'roiji California, or any j , evcl.il sufllicrttly exciting to create a mono tary panic was enough to precipitate it. It ! bad the effect to paralyze the arm of hon* 1 i est industry, wherever labor is opposed to j capital?to depress the opening maiket for produce?and to impair the confidence be- j | tweeii num. The Hunk* in this State were j a fleeted bv tl.e common panic, and felt thu pressure severely. Monte of them, yielding j ty its influence, have suspended specie payments. The suppermioii of specie payments , by a bank is a failuie to redeem its notes | | on deuiand?a forfeiture of its promise to I pay in guld or kilver, current coin, the lull [ value of every bill issued front its counter , I?a promise, on which is based th? privi- [ ! logo granted by the State t<? issue bills and , j to circulate them as eurreltev. However it ! may be supposed to afford present relief to I the business interests of the country, w hich | unfortunately, are so wound up with the J hanks as to suffer inevitably from the eon traction in incir c rears una iiuor stringent j demands, it is demoralizing in its tendency. ; The Honks uf th(s Stale, with which I :iin at all familiar, an; well administered : Several of them have biuvcly withstood j I the shock, and are prepared to do a legiti- i mate tiiisincss as usual. All, it is believed, | ! are solvent. It, Imwev.ir,there tie some so ! dependant on the banks and brokers of New York, its to fail in their pledges to the ! public, when the Northern banks fail, it is their misfortune to have to answer lor the j s'.ris of others, as well as for their own mis- j management. The eotwijoences to the | quiet, uninitiated, and the laboring commit! flitv, are alike di*tru>l and loss, leading to j want and suffering, loo olten to moral ruin and crime. The Slate, too, suffers from J the abstraction of coin and the depreciation ' of credit 111 the sale of her bonds, both lor 1 i building the new Stale t'apitol ami for aidI ino the construction of the lJtue Ridge Railroad. (Of the former I signed 400 certificates oil the 5th ot? March. and of the | latter, 100 on the 4th of May.) Whatever the exigency, it will he long j before confidence is generally restored, ami | commerce can move tranquilly aid safely ! in its u?ual channels, though not near so I long, I Irost, as in 1847. Then tin* suspcii; sion in Charleston look place in May, ami I lasted 15 months ; now, it occurs in Oclo* I her. at the beginning of a business season, 1 with a lair (though not large) crop ?.f eot. | ton and rive on hand, as the basis of com. 1 im r.ial communication with eapitalists of ! the lioiue market, ami of exchange with Km I rope The moment of excitement, npprchcn| sion and liiianciu! pressure, is not a time to legislate respecting the hanks. '1'he exist* ' iiiolavvs.it sound, will be found vindicated tin practice ; if otherwise, it will be wi-e to 1 repeal or modify thein vv hen the public u imi is calm, and commercial confidence shall have been restored. In enacting slat ate law, the statesman, to whose wisdom ami inteirritv the militia, welfare ?i,in.-i...i I !\vill n<i(, for tin- Mike of doing something when in position, yieid either to the crude ; suggestions of hit, own observation, or to j ilie outside influence t.f opinions, created : by undue excitement on the one hand, or by individuals or corporations on the other. Meanwhile I ir.nv not omit to invite at1 ten'lon to tlie n?11nirattle operation of the system of finance, separate from banks, ; long sil'.ce adopted by the Federal Govern. ! until? in Mint boning which, that Govern* nietil has entitled itself to the respect and I contiilelice which are duo to superior wisj <b.in and foresight. During the*ieeeiit confusion and rorihcqneiit panic in commercial circles, it has done lunch to break the crash upon ttie people of the unstable frame | work erected upon the credit system, and i to sine them from the full efleets of the 1 collapse of an indited bank currency. In a pecuniary sense merely, salaried ofli* i eors are not injured by such convulsions, I which must redilec prices. Hut of all clanj s,-s the least liable ts be alTccled by them | is the planter, who is happily out of debt, ! who properly drains and plows deep his | soil, and whose contented family illustrate in their daily life the beauties of simplicity and virtue?the social cheerfulness id ins I .1. . - : - I ouMi i uiiu a jiiai economy. i<ul linn send J forward lr> market his crop, ns it is prepared. Kvery sale that is made, every debt : that is paid, every hundred dollars which | ciiculntcs from hand to hand, will help to restore the general credit, and to re-estub! lish a healthy currency, so necessary to ! prosperous and strble markets. 1'lanlers, ! as well as others, must submit to a reduction of prices. They are entitled, also, to j claim the benefit of a reduced scale in pur! chasing supplies. Although the market for j produce must rule lower. It will soon become healthy and compensating, if the | crops he not w ithheld. The Laws.?With iny best discretion, I . have endeavored to ensure n faithful execution of I he laws. Sev eral vases of hardship doubtless have occurred. Where such have not been relieved by executive interference, j it lias been owing to too frcqnent instances j of a similar kind, imperatively requiring ex| niiiples to deter other* from offending. ; ii is to be regretted that offences by illi? ; oil traffic in spuiliirus liquors with negroes ' especially, are so numerous. The too prev. | aleiil taste for strong drink suggests this ; trade to the unprincipled, as the ready ' means of making a livelihood, or of amass. ' Inf( "'-gotten gains. As the difficulty of do| lection increases, it may be well to revise the iuw and make some amendment as to its sanctions and the nature of its penalties. i in *ri i..hi ipiaricrs me exits growing out of ! Us infraction are complicated, and threaten, 1 unless checked, vo become grave. It limy be in this, as in Nome other cases, ( that the law would be efficacious, if those ? | who are expected to enforce it were more j faithful and prompt. There is a tenderness in our nature, which misapplied, deters men I from informing against offenders, and from carrying out fully the law entrusted to their j vigilance. There exists, too, sometimes. | an irnlirtercnee as to a proper knowledge of the laws generally, which, inexcusable in the citizen, aids tiie bold man, whose design i is to profit by disregarding their provisions. 1 Even some who bear the commission of the ; Stale seem, in ignorance of the law pro I scribing their duties, to act mainly on i grounds of expediency and motives ot poll' cy. Sursly the citizen a ho accepts, much ! more he who solicits a commission, should | inform himself us to the duties ot his ?ta i tion, and perform llietn to the beat of his ability, faithfully. Whenever I havo had occaaoin to interfere at all with the sentence of the Courts, in case* whore the penalty was to be inflated on the person, either capitally or corporeal* ly, I have directed the Sheriff to conline Its execution to the precincts of the jail yard, with the O'lerk of Hie Court and souie few substantial uilueii* as witneaaes. I think that the law is deficient in omitting to provide some punishment for those olfcnces which arc technically called breaches of trust, or einbelzlement, in conlrit-distioction to larceny; the violation of morality is the same in both?the difference be* twecn them, artificially and shadowy ; and I ev no ?o?d reason why the one should be visited.with the igost degrading punishment known to our statute book, while the ollw-r passes unnoticed. Kecciit experience has brought forcibly to inv notice ihat some slatutrs. prescribing a severity of punishment which is not consonant with the necessities. or the spirit of the age, have been , allowed, through oversight, to remain unrepealed. and, though nemly obsolete in fact, are still of force, legally. In tSis view 1 would recommend a revision of the criminal law, and considering that this Taw is simple, and capable of being rendered comprehensible to al1 persons of intelligence, I think its reduction into a code would In- ad visa Lie. Federal Relations.?In the occasional j discussions of the political position of the State, I have taken no part. Regarding it , as well nettled since the Convention of 185;}, 1 perceive no room for material differences amongst Iter citizens who wish to agree ? If t| ere be a respectable number who desire j to associate themselves with the general Democratic party in nominating conventions, let them do so without committing the frhnte. While indulging the spirit of conciliation, however, it behooves us to be- , ware, lest in our kind feelings towards"disx < tinguished citizens of tlint party, we diift into the smooth current of nationalism.? Tho Federal aspect of South Carolina, ho ! fur a* U in influenced bv Iter State polity, in obnoxious to tunny politician* in America ; ; .nnd smite of our own good men scent to ! believe, with them, that it is chiefly aristo- | crutic pride which keeps her in position ; I that the men of South Carolina arrogate to j themselves superior wisdom and patriotism, and to their women superior virtue. Where- 1 as, without arrogating to themselves any superiority, the truth is, that whatever of wisdom or patriotism or virtue may characterise her people, are among the happy consequences resulting from her iii?iiiiiiioii?, political, social and domestic. Cong may we eherish them. The comparative segregation ol the State . in polities heretofore, is not as hopeful to some progressive minds as the power?the . seeming order and harmonv ? proceeding 1 from combination with a national party.? j Kxperictiee teaches the necessity of tolern- j ? Aiivinrn, v? VII III I'v* 11 ill UIUIT ll? j secure a just mean. If South Carolina lias ever occupied the extreme position of is >la* j lion, it wax not from choice, hut from the ! foree ot the-patriclie principles which regit* ! luted hi r action, like the balance wheel, w hose motion, peculiar, and to the careless observer apparently useless, is yet so necessary to the successful and safe operation of the great engine. Thero is, in fact, no <iisposiiioii on the pa t of this Slate to cither fanaticism or isolation. Politicians may wrangle, and public journals may oppose one extreme of opinion and argument against another ; the people of the Stale will adhere to the just medium. Venerating and preserving those principles so essential to the reserved rights of the States, which are illustrated hv the history of Carolina during the last tliiitv years, they will be ever ready and willing to make common cause with the neighboring States, having a common interest to protect, and to unite as heretofore with the general Democratic party in the Klectoral College, and ill the Federal Councils ,d?o. so long as those principles are duly respected in practice. I l\AN- .? ?Otir friends in k'unm ?i... ! have struggled manfully lo ?u*tniu nu une? pi.il contest, arc entitled to our *) uipulhy,? 'tin all ivc have a right to otter. Sotwilhstanding tlie machinations of detiigning lui'ii then-,and the perversion* of power,?hcther indiv idual or conventional, due to notion* of expediency. I trust ili.it just counsel ? w ill yd prevail and ultimately establish in tlint devoted Teriilory a system of (>ov eminent conducive to their true interests and the pulilic welfare. Maine and Connecticut.?I transmit oer- j tain resolutions from the Statu of Maine I and Connecticut, which indicate the pie- I vailing opinion of the Legislature* from which they emanate?so totally at variance ' with our own. 'I'liey protest against the Supreme Court in the ease of Scott rs. Saint ford. The political principle* recognized by the dicision referred to, meet with the sanction of the people of South Carolina, who applaud the wisdom of the decree ; id \\ nu'ii nicy nr? now judicially embodied. 0?injj to tlie prejudices ot both, education ' and Mitdciiitiiin, men renrfd dillercnily will diverge iu sentiment from eacli other. INpecially is this the ease in relation to do. uicslic slavery?an inrtitution which existed when the American Constitution was adopted, and was recognized thereby. l.ct the law of charity prevail in judging one another. In preserving and prolocliug the property of our fathers in negro slaves, we deem ourselves entitled to the respect and sid of all good and wise statesmen. Our unco-tors, dealing w ith gold and silver coin, bought the negro fiotu the capitalist of Eng. lund und New England, whose thriving trade, however abused iu many instances, wus overruled by the Providence of (jo.i, to convert the barbarian bushman of the African cousl into the orderly domestic, the ('hi islian black laborer of America. Tlivru are few results more amazing in statistics than those which are produced by the fruits of this labor?a labor whieh could no more be dispensed with by America now, ihuu could the commerce and manufactures so depeu- I dent on its productions. The Statue or Washington.?One of j the last letters w liich I received from the late Senator Ihiller, related to a copy, iu bronze,of lloudon's statue of Washington, j which he recommended siiouiu be purchased by tbe State. It is pleasing to recur to the I recollection of this great und good nmn. it 1 is a boon to mankind when the good Cod ! permit* sometime* llie w i*ooui of love, associated with tuilh ami hope, to be cinbodied in a human form, whose favor Me may look upon and admire. It i* true that our debt of gratitude to hi* memory cannot thus die paid; but it is duo t?? ourselves that v\# should acknowledge it by some visible to% i ken, and it is due to posterity to provide a monument, to which the young may be | poinlen when curious to realize lite idea of : Ilia manly proportions, or when enjoined by ' their matron* to study the character of Washington, and eiiimule the virtue* which | adorn it. I propose Hint a statue la; order- I ed and that provision l>e made for its eric 1 tion wiih the New State Capitol. State Maoazink.?In the month ot ( February last, in making a visit to the Magazine in Charleston, I discovered th .1 the proprietor of the land adjacent (Payne's 1 Farm) had divided ii into iota, allowing sufficient room for afreets, which the city authorities had caused to be traced. These lota, by square*, in succession, were sold \ by suction in theeity market. Conceiving , forthwith the inconvunien and danger in | the property of the Slate that would ensue ' from having persona settle in dwelling* of | any sort, under the very walls of the Mag- , \ azine, and the lu*s which tno Stale wouTj j have to submit to hereafie r, if dosirou* to dislodge U.em when once in possession, I did not hesitate to assume the responsibility of inflicting Mr. Yeadon to purchase for the Stele nil the lots uud parts of lots ( between tbe State land* and thn line of ths I North-lift*tern Railway. After ?otno delay | this was at length accomplished, hy the a?eiUancH of the Attorney General, in the 1 month of May, at a cost of $2,435 50 for i ' tbe laud, and $11 CO for rocurding the U- j i ties, to which is to be added the mini of $2UG 07 for en"losing tho grounds. A porti<>n of this tract is low marsh, covered by thu tides, ai d at present valueless, except for privilege; but the convenience of transportation by water on the East, and by rail- j way on the West, renders it practicable to ' fill these portions win-never it may be do nimble. The probability is, that the w hole will rather appreciate in value than otherwise in the course of years. It will bo proper and safe to close the streets of the city so far as they run through this pro- [ perly. I recommend that this be done be authority of law at your present session. Charleston and Memphis.?The pres. J rill votir Iimh l??en signalized by the mm. plction of the connected railway communication between Ihu Atbnitio at Charleston and Savannah, and the river Mississippi, nt Memphis, in the State of Tennessee. Tlii* happy event was duly celebrated by the Municipal Authorities of tho cities at j either end of the line, in May and June last. | In North Latitude 3'J dog 4t> tnin. I witness- j ed l|i?> meeting of the waters?those of the i turbid Mississippi poured into tho briny At- ! lantic ; and oil tlie part id the State I gave welcome to our neighbors of (Jeorg'a, and , to our common friends from the Valley of i the Mississippi. I trust it will not be long before tho rail- ! ways from Memphis and Nashville and | Knoxvillc will debouche in'o South Caroli- | lui through the Blue Ridge mountains. I . had the satisfactinn to witness the progress . of the tunnel on this line, in the month of August. I recognized on that occasion the triumphs of science at evciy step, iu the ex- | cellcnt dispositions of the engineers. The best spirit seemed to prevail among engineers, contractors, and laborers. Gkolou.'cal Sukvf.v amd kkgitsration. ? I trust ttie General Assembly will continue its patronage to the Geological Survey of the State, and to the Registration ol tin' Mirths, Deaths and Marriages. Diflleulties iuiint attend both undertaking, in llu'ir iiieipiehcy. Hut I ant persuaded that in the clever reports on those s ihjeets, you ( will tiiul reason to be encouraged in pursuing them. '1 e report of the (icological ' Surveyor,.and l tat of the Adjutant and In spector (b'liei i, arc herewith submitted I together with Major Parker's report on the variations of the Magnetic Needle. That your deliberations may be directed for good to the public weal is my sinjire prayer. Into your hands the affairs of the commonwealth are committed. N II. F. W. AI.LSTON. . (Tljf Irhjfr. LANCASTERVILLE, B.C. WEDNESDAY MORNING, DEC., 2d, I8i7. The Governor's Message Owing to tin* very insufficient mailing arrangements in this quarter, tho mcssago of Ins Excellency did not roach us until the greater portion of the present issue had hcon made up. We have, however, succeeded in laying it before our readers, to the exclusion of much other matter. It is a sensible, practical nnd business-like document, containing many important suggestions worthy the consideration of the body to whom it Js addressed. We would bo pleased to notice some of iis more important points, but this our limited space will not allow, aod we niuat lie cogent to commend it to the careful consideration of our render*. i-if Our Senator and Representatives in the legislature will accept our thank* for interesting public document*. We insy i notice *oine of these in 11 future number. Ordinary's Sale. We direct attention to a notice of the sale of the effects of |liu late John Slew art ' which may be found elsewhere in our pa- ' per. Also noinu negroes to liiro. President of the College. The Carolinian reports that on Wcduesday last the lion. A. II. Longstreet, of (ieorgia, was elected, by tho Trustees, President of the South Carolina College. Commissioner in Equity Our readers who arc interested in Jo Court* Mill be yhid to know thill Mr. James I II Withrrspoon, who lias wo efficiently and ; M.ll MMC UM ily tliO ot". C 4if C<>IRIIiiil> | inner in Kquity, tor Lancaster, for several earw, li.iw been re-elected the picssnt ice : wion to serve the ensuing term. United States Senator. Wo are indebted, through a private source, for the result of n second ballot, lield on Saturday, for United Stales Senator. Tliia ballot Mas as follows:?J. II. MammoDd, II; K W. Pickens, 50; J. Chesnut, jr., 36 ; It. II Khell, I. The friends of Ux-Governor Hammond serin determined to elect hint, notwithstanding that ho some timo ago (Irmly dedined being a Candida's. I In is not in Columbia, and, when balloted for, was not ven aware that his friends designed to run l> i 111. Uoon Ilia laul k.lUl i- ? - r- - ?iiw oanie wurilQ nine volet of being eha-ted. Inaugural Address Wo ?ro indebted to a friend for a copy of tlie Inaugural Add rot t of the lion. M. S. Perry, Governor of Florid i It is an iolerotting document. and a* it touches upon [>omtt of national -uterrat, breathea an elarated and uliivalriu aenliinent. Gov. Ferry, t is known, ia a native of thia district. South Carolina Canforence. We learn through a private source that Jonfcrence will adjonrn on Tharaday. A urge number of |>?auu> ?i? ?v? otte and a good acaaon generally seemed :o prevail. The appointments would not to read until near the hour of sdjourontnl Foreign News. j The Steamer Vunderbilt bring* date# from London and Liverpool to the 14th ultimo. There had been n general panic in the money market, but which subsided upon ^ the Treasury issuing orders for the auspen- ^ sion of the Charter of tho Bank of Knglnnd, and authorizing tlio issue of small notes.? The efTect was most favorable, and the news was received with acclamations in commercial circles. Cotton and all kinds of produce immediately advanced. Prior to this, cotton had fallen from Id. to 'id. per pound since the d .tes brought out by the pre\iou* steamer. Hogs. f We find nothing in our up-country exchanges in reference to hogs, with the A exception of a short paingrsph from the J A*hvillo News, which may be found on our J first page. We can scarcely form Hn rati* * mate what tho ruling prices will he. It should not be more than fire or live and a half cents. The present rata in Kentucky and Tennessee should govern tho prices here, and not whnt drovers n ay havo paid for hogs last Spring. They, as well as everybody else, sho uld succumb to tho elTects of tho " patiic." Exchanges ^ TltlC SoVTHEliN I.lolir?This paper nri nounees that Mr. \V. W. Walkei. Jr., has taken upon himself its editorial charge. Il i* an interesting paper, seetna to lie progress, ing well, and tlio report circulated noino * time since to the effect Hint it had suspended operations, was without foundation. King*trke Star?The Salutatory of J Mr. It. <'. I.ognn, into whoso hnnds the V Star " has lately passed, appears in the N ^ last issue of that paper. Mr. l,ogau has for some time been cotineeted with the paper as publisher, which gives him n two-fold advantage, and he seems well calculated to fill ^ , either position?publisher or editor. r J-W We learn that the small pox hnn broken out ?t Wadesboro, N. C., and is raging to suoic extent in that pl.ieo. I J Comptroller General*! ReportWe have rfcciti-il copies ol this very elahoint< exhibit ot tlie finance* of the Slate. We find e decrease in the taxes of the preeent year, compared with the past, of fft'.O'.'O.VA,?the result of the rednclien tlie last Sc'vion o/the * lax upon several species of property. The Comptioiler reports ^dellni|ucnt Tax Collector?Tlioa. Atkinson, of A)ailington, lie being a defaulter to the anioiint ol $S.2tf?.4!. Measures have been taken to recover from hie sureties, who ere represented as abundantly good. , The Comptroller considers that Tax Col- ' ^ lectors are oveipaid for their services in proportion to thf compensation received hy other civil officers in the State. lie thinks that | OOO may be saved annually by a suitable reduction of their coiiitnisaioi.s. He further points to the incquiiality of taxation on lands, as at present eltssifiud; and recommends that the lands be classified anew. The Comptroller comments freely upon th* course w men our ounk* li tre been pursuing ; their delinquencies ore clearly set foith in his report, ami ho regard- thein nit being responsible, it a great measure, for our pieteui fiuaneial troubles. South Carolina Legislature. 4^ It WHS our purpose to lie at tile Capitol during a portion ?f the time ncciipiml hy the present St ation of the legislature sn 1 report direct mutters of interest for onr rentiers. A multiplicity of engagement* have prevented u*. sto far, from carrying out this intention, hut fruin the excellent reports furnished us through the South ( Carolinian,Me n:e ciiHhied to keep our reader* advised of every thing of intorest that is being done. On our first page will be found a report of the first day# business. Iii tho report of the second day, we lind hut little of importune* with tin- exception of notices of bills to he submitted hereafter. In tho Semite Mr. Withcrspoon off? red this resolution which was agreed to : Hentlvrtl, That * message bo sent to the Mouse of Representatives, proposing to that hodv to go into a ballot for Solicitors of the Southern and Kastcrn Circuits, on to uiorrow, at one o'clock, p. in., nnd immediately thereafter for Coinmis doner sin F.quity for the Districts of Spartanburg, Chester, Luncssler, Renuf >rt, Anderson, ChcsIcrtie'd, Marion nnd Clarendon ; and Master in Kquily and Register for Charleston District. Mr. Dudley offered the following resolu* tiou which was agreed to: Ites"lir4, That it l>e referred to tho font, nr ittee ??n Finance nnd Ranks, to inquire into and report upon the expediency of so modifying the charters granted to the various banks in this State, as to pruhibil thein from issuing hereafter any hills of a less denomination than twenty dollars. In the Mouse Mr <?regg offered a series * of resolutions upon hanks and hanking, the Inst of which authorised the raising of a committee of seven, w hose duty it should he to take the whole subject of banking into consideration and report a bill ; ordered for consideration to-morrow. ? ? > U- > O ? ? ? iu uuutTf .nr. n. r. I'rrrj iuwd* duccd a bill to reorganise the South Caro* lina (College ; read the firal time, and referred to the Committee 011 Kducatioo. On Wednesday, in the Senate, was offer* rd by Mr. Mazyck : A bill to discontinue the granting of public lands; which received the first rending, and wai referred to the Committee no the Judiciary, and waa order* cd to be printed. A bill to repent the laws against usury. The bill received (he first reading, and wae referred to the Committee on Pinsnee and Banks, and waa ordered to be printod. Mr. Porter preaented the petition of tho lllne Itidge Rail Road Company in Somh Carolina, fur payment of the State sub. ecription in State Slock instead of Hiato ? bonds. 'I'he Senate joined the House of Kcpre. L" f?f the following officers, vis : Master and Register in Eqeitx for Charleaton District; Comniissiotyrjt in Kquity for the Dislricta of Chester, LACTe* tee, Cheater Be id, Beaufort, Clarendon, Spar* ,