University of South Carolina Libraries
?~ % V ft ^* jA- -*& * ^ ^N " " " " ?" '- ' < lAfcwi F5BF# i 0SB " ' ~~~ ' * hm i ii .? |taga m 2 P KR \ N N UM Thi'm to Itio torvtir;; Sliwt* htii vov, * XT 4 f A A r 4 \rra^ UW 1 lj,U Biw wil!> ilic ivowlvn. ?: ,.af.|, i^^iuKday.' J A ADVANCE ^ ''"'"''f n"'1 -V-litirnl .Vrnisjinurt SJruolril !u Hit .Iris, sritiUM, litrratorr. fimtnlimi, iljjrirulfnrc, 3a!rninl 'Jiiipruunuruta, .ftrrijii anil JPouitslir J.'tuis, anil tlir 31!nrl;rti VOLUME VI. LANCASTER. C. II, SOUTH CAROLINA. WEDNESDAY MORNING. MAY IT 1S.57 vur u k ir i> Extract from Hoc- jj F. Tin#'s Audress, delivered before the South Caroline. Institute Fair, in November last. *< * * It _ V* * j The general impression is, that agricul- 1 tore yields a better and moio certain profit limn either manufactures or commerce, and \ot every day's cxperenee proses that larger foitunes are made by men engaged in commerce and mamtluc tares, than l>v those ernjrloved in tilling the earth. Fortunes are made, too, more ?? V'lilill' l V<J ?* ??! MinilUIUV.tU| t'At It is true they are not so s<cure as in\o?tI1KII ? in lands hikI nejjrotu. They :ir?; , more liable to i?o lost, and in licit r^pcel only has the Hgi ieilltUl irtt Ilis ailvnniaoo. 1 ho Cotton factories in tho neighborhood of Augusta |my fiom twenty to thirty ; per cent. ; tho tirauitcviilu Factory p?\s trOUl ?ihl !o eighteen per cent. \\ (h-i?i> tho agi ictiltui st, faiind or planter, who realizes tlo.se profits on his capital .nov te?l I !t; illustrating the idea, that plaiitinj i< mote profitable th ?*.? :it>y other pursuit, ' it has ho n hea itita I? fiSi-l, that the earth i?n great machine, .itn>l<* ready to the, hands of the agriculturist, and ho has itso I and the seasons always \v?,ri\;n_r f? i Iiitti. I>u( ii uiiift !.* leuieuilnTt-ii t!..>i t'i s i? it ii'ailiii.i', :i!ll.onj!i made trail-. ti> till) I?: 111 1 u| tlio nj^t icii't HI'ist, rosls Iiim. in its i>iirt liasf, limn < ??< i<? oiu* i Ii.tiiilifil ?ln!i.?r> | it acio. Tnisis a laim* invtslini i t in tin; liirjj?*r p'an'i r. It n.ii?f I ! n-n.ctul iT. il, ti i1. thai llii> "jia-at ma c'i.iic is ft il j*a't to tinh.Ir atul tiinjH st>, ( '.ia in* tin.I ilnui^lit*, wlroli ofim ?!?. -11?_?\, i nr si r*?iii*!v it j in*, tlio crojis, I; mitst , I" ! I'm* in nun.I, n'a??, tl at tiiis ii tti liim* ts "almost tlic only mm \\ !.!.-! j llm n^iii-iiltiiiiiit can use. K\t*r\ tiling Ii s t i In' !?:>y liini tt i;li tnaniiai lali i . t! o it. 11 \atiun of M.s flop, wliiibt t l.i- ( llnllu!'ni;tlHrr ilm-? a!lll * l i\i i \ t Ii ir |.\ l if a ii iiorv. li.i* vnalms 1 i n in :n>?k-' , ]?; lit* i\ liirii tin* Jilaiil -r catiinit iviiliXw. i 'I*1... ...f I : : " ' <>v ? .IX M ^ ' I HMH.IIIIAI I Mi ilil IIH* j c ill's IiSIVO *.1 :> ti OH till* | r \ ?!tiiit>ii in labor, | i. tits ati*I motif ??! , I v no iliiMtt^lioui liif civil-xt'tl worM t to- , iti_* I In' ll'.st roll t it * v. 'I'll 0 .Milton fin. , the ?|imiiiiio mi.I iho l".v.<m e> i:i, , now eualk* one U? tlo, in one .1 ?\, it. he nrinofnctiirn of eo'.'oti, wlm' ; i ,:.:1 ( three ll.oi.siiiiil mi ll tn ilo in Italia, when , I. i^'i.iii.I itiiichased li e cotton iiiunulac- | ..i' 111*o vimrtTrv I ilte iliM'iwi i ? ? ? i.'Miii luniiir, :iii 1 if,.- H|.|.lw?fu?i ol r i?' \ it ivi* vl -n iiinl luv. I, a mm to ; n ahe a t.'ta;'!' oi j .niiifi in two < i thru. . ilnV, which it-fore ini?ht liHVC reijiiiiu-i I n; ... \ -tt-ks r it.oaths ! We now have i i I. tu i v n.r Jo'i'jj almost e\?*r\tli'.njy. t w i: In fine I < < ['1 iI ? 1 MlilII\IH 1 !lllinr. I lie , a i ..f I In* ?. ii'i'ior at..I that ot the j?:? .1 lei, w li ilt I' i u <. i \ n< junta! the v i at..] tin.- uiu.?t jiuiiis taking i n!;. trv, liavu la-en mj/.ml on by uuul.itioiv Mi 1 a in '?t taken out ( tin* bam!- ? f iiie ailist ! Clothing is not onlv niaiiiilui lur ^ .1 l?y in: t hinvry, bill maJo iij? la mi ilu'rri ! li.stead of using the t>lna print's<#t tbo mail, information i> ni>? c iiiiniin; ' calm! b\ leU-grapli, villi li e i-jit-ln! lulling ncro-a tliu contiio nl ; i 1 ni I aligi Miolils luivo beell in itio In M ini r | with tin- same i?puo?l ainl ariuitv at nt? ilio bn'toiii of tlio Atlanta- I bt-ali! < tain.; In t'.-o ell'i-ftp o( ma !iin ry in <! the iinpr '''t-uifiitt in u I il.o iinv-liaiiic mi>. j II j me 'lit is not) Cltubatl lt? tlic.-s atitl 1 In.- iiii.ii. o> iiif.ul ibly iliaii !.!-) n b e or 1 j.iint'c di'l ibrce luiiulretl year* ago. The g i a . !..| J wbo entoitailim! ?|nik I. - three tii ; . ) . r n.. "I | tin* Kg'.lh.did not fiijiiy Sin umny ??f tin liiMiiic i>l lifu a? tin; poor !... I>ri;r i.ow docs. Mnciy, width or. ecus ?n<l |>rin ee-sesw?ie ll.cli JTitUil to wear, nr?;. how cuiimmii to overv rth'ic iLiiiii' in ili<- lam! ! .Ail I!>:.i litis ui'i n done I v uiatiiiucrv mill improvement* in tin- mechanic mis. | Ami why will not South Carolina av.m In rsc.l ?>l (Itcir profits ? In order to fur;Iter illustrate the adv.?n , tof n nation's slivci~?l\ iuct r imlns try ami labor, let us look to Kngland am! Spain, Mini comnare these two k nation < in their wea'th. civilization ntul general piosperitv. We shall sm* by this coin |.;ii.son, the great advantage* ami pi m. aujii riorily which a nation has in uniting Corntiierco and nranuiacturcs will, agiicub ture, over 0110 purely agricultural, in* I n.led Kingdom of Great iWitaiu and ; . Ireland has an aro.i of l'd'd,t>ol sijuwre iniU.4, whilst Spain has an area of 18 4,rfHJS sipiare miles one third greater. In climate and fertility of soil, Spain has till greater advantages over Knglaud.? ller climate is milder, inoro genial, and by its variety, is adapted to the growth of niiiiust every agricultural product on the f.ico of t^e earth. Spain was renowned in ancient times for thu fertility of her soil and her agricultural product*. 'Ihe clitnato of Kngland is comparatively cold and cheerless the greater part of the sea* i son. ller soil Ifas been made by the science and industry of her citizens. In ancient History, Spain was the superior; in i.ii|;iniiii hi tvi iy re* peri. i?ui now aland* tho ca?.o now I Liltiielv rovctsed. ( ^ '1 lie L'uiled Kingdom of groat Hritaifi mid Ireland has now a population of twenty-seven million*, wlii!r>t Spain ha* liut fourteen inilliona. The itnpnu of s Kng!an'<! amount, to five hundred millions of doilais annually whil-t th ,?e of Spain are only thirty four uiilliont of dollars ! . ' The export* of (iient Hritaiu are i me ! hundred million* of dollar*, whilst tho*c 1 rj ' of Spain am twenty four millions. In ? Jr education and civilization, in ail the arts, S/ science*, litth-aturo and learning, national wealth a* l prosperity, private property V .A an(^ eomforts, there i* *lill a greater cf^lriijr let aeen these two Kingdom*. Wlie H thiii ? 14 Something, si groat <I?hI, i* doubtless owing to tlio character ot the two nations of pvoplo, Hlt'l llll'ir l> I Ills of government J but much, too, to the lad that Spain is entirely an agricultural nation ; 11 ml situ drove from lur border? her ancient inatui factored and mechanic?, ami ilioir platen - i it.* m 111o other hand, Kngland unites, in the 11iIn* ? 1 perfection, agriculture, commerce and mtitiuhietnies. Instead of driving from her territory her mechanic* a**.?.l artizah*, Kng land passed the most stringent law?, for- , bidding their emigration from the King (loin. Instead of digging up her mineral wenl, her iron, tin, copper ami lead, t<> rend abroad and have manufactured, a* South Carolina dies her notion crop, l\:i?r land mall'dactuies ;t herself, an i thereby gives emplof meiiL t<> thousands and lain dreds of thousands of he '?opulal:on.? Instead 'I digging up her nnnis.'-n?i ami e\!iau>i less teds of coal, and sending tho ' product abroad, with Iter wool and corn, ' to s<dl, she imports our cotton ami the lurs of Kuvdi, to le .naiiuftclured r.ith her coal, at; I keeps her com .at home to i ... i I - ' - i.in 111;iii111 iciurir tti:1 , .Notwith stati li?*i ti<lo i,I' t migration to the new wnrM .hi.I ber j>n?e*-ioits in the o!>J, Kajluml lots <!otil>.u'l lltt' 1111111<>< r <.'1 licr iiilniliiiaiiUt during the last halt' century, v\liilu Spain liits only iturcnscil bet s four millions \\ ilit:ii tbe same pcrintl ; am! I.as <tu !: into |invertv mnl iyiioi anee,<list iirbd !>\ e< nstat re\ olulinus, ati l : t!- i !.ibill little. seen: it v to tl.e !.ii;t> ami i i ticiiv ul lur people. Li t tin t. w inn tlio pnalil between , Si atli Car tra :ii1 .\!.i-*.:n lin.selts, ami *oe what ill it tin" (* t ?u ilitleioiit s\sic pis have It.i?l "i. the u. iltli, growth ami pros polity el those two States. TI.e one, a! luii.-l t \ob:>i\t k, hi: a^rii ii'tur.ii people, iinl thu o'.bei i.;i* it ^ wisely ilistribut'.'il I.i i ileitis' r\ ; t: i ?i bib be; w?cn Mgrienl Itir?- eoinineno ;?< 1 inannfm turo.s. In vet v r ?i? 11. a 1 t!. natural advantages t' tin -o i.\o Sia ? ? are in favor at S *ilIt 'arolinu. She :s four times larger in t?-r atorial extent titan Ma-.$aeli'.:se'.t.< ! Na* I ?: > ' in; u:i> 'jnui ii*-i a a.ate jjivativ m;i e.af# la ilie I'l'uautivciK'M ut life >'>;! Iitrv :.o cuiitpni ;m u, Ami vel M i->a:!r.; < I !. i papulation ol 9t? I .M I, kl|i'? Sutr.Ii Cuiohtiit Liii I ut CCS,507. I! .< Iiitil- of M av-su-Ijifi-it", < jTt! i :i-cj < i J % '.< ! iMf'li < ! '.!! ? of ?ni!i I ' itoliu , in xleiit, Hie valueil al one littiiilrvJ aii|j iVC ' ! mf'urr times theater in i\t? ill, ate alia t ?'ti v at ?. ' tx tviu uii!la>iis ut ?!<?' H> ! .\1 i^sivliii'Ctli has til" \ li* *' lliou uuul farmers, ami buuib Carolina fortyInto tl.Mi-.iiii l..rni'n au?l planter*.? I!; <\i its !* Si.ntli l.'.ir.ilii.a .tie eleven it"I all 1 a l.ail, a little it.uu: lliau In m: i. f M .el.iiM-its ; luit l.or import* in: i.< ' 'j'nte 1<> millions, ai.'l tlii>-e el t! .sv.ehu-ttts are upwnii!* i>f thirty mil i n:>'. Why is this ! *W !iAt cause is litre ;* i tlits I'tpcrtority, on the part of Mas* te!ui?e".t-, in . Mpiilatiun, wi-nith, harm < i;ieiit aiul gi'turtil prospenll f h n the ctiii.aieivt', inaiiutacluri.* aiel ti e hatiiu arts ut Massachusetts, :?i??I omi Jiale t'iOlll Willi lho*C uf Sul'.ui Clll'< ilill.'l, mill lite cuUm* is uuviiiij*. .?t'.s i. i ihti.ate 1 in innnnfac iiiu* i i^liiy ;l?ro?- millions i.t doh.ir-, nio 1J*: ino annually an is o?>i:i? ? f unc lainIft-il an I fifty one millions of doHni* ; ? whilst S milt < \ir< ! n.i has a inaniif ittur'"o ?Ti5:,l 01 oll'.v iioii-i, yielding i:i m i:iial in :cuiie or profit of seven milioiK. Massachusetts has two handled an.I .llilU'ell colt. It factories, Ittld Solllll U.oo ii.i only ei^htc* n. 1 hero iiie, no doubt, ten private cairta^e;, p> ilinp* fifty, in South Canuiiia, to >v!i ie t!i ' is i lie hi Mas-meliiivctt*; ai.il vet Hi' have i n'.y two hundred and two ei' .ih manufactories, w hell Massachusetts Iris ? _'!.t hundred imd twenty s:v ; New t oi a has four thousand. 1 wind sj eat a iiii\ or two at K ndeihook, in the heart of New Volk, a viila^u iarofi than < recti vide, in South Carolina, where daily a hundred eaiiia^ei may he mi n, and the only eani ioy J saw in K.ndei hook, at chinch or elsewhere, wa? that of Kx* ' I'iesideiil Van Daren's." Instead of ni i kino otir own carriage*, wo a?si&t inaloiially in supporting the tdjjhl handled in I twontv*e'N carriage inakeis in Masaa i the four thousand in New York, the two thousand :n I'cnn?>\ Irania, one liiouMiai in New Jersey, and the thou sands e'sowheiu in liie Northern States.? ' Your exhibitions this year, and for several years past show that carriages may he maiiufaclun I as handsomely in South Carolina as in nnv of the Northern C'itie-. In the articles of houtehoM furniture, it would natural^ be supposed that South Carolina would manufacture l.er own tallies, chairs, sofas, bureaus, sideboard*, book cases, bedsteads, and so forth. It is as easy for all these articles to be made in the Slate as out of it. Your present exhibition proves it. And yet wo have only oue hundred and titty eight cabinet makers in the whole Slate, whi'o Massu chusetts has her three thousand, Ne-.v 1 < >1 k eight lliOllMtlKl, i Vim*) 1 v all lit Well thousand, and several other Nurllifrn State* a thousand each. It would not bo extravagant to say, I I lint hundreds of thousand* of brooms ' and basket* are annually sold in South Carolina ; and there was not in 1850 a single broom factory in iho State, and but two basket makers ! Massachusetts, Now York and Pennsylvania, have each their thousand*. Some year* since there was a broom factory in Greenville, and the tiooins made there were equal to any brought from the North. Shoes, hnl* and cap* are, wo believe, in pretty general use in South Carolina, and ali must admit they are easily made, requiring but Ijltlc capital yt skill in their manufacture; and yet articles of prime i necessity aro all brought hero from tl?c North, and principally from Ma&snchu i Sl Its. ' j ( South Carolina has Ifut four paper : mills, \vhil>t Massachusetts lias six 1 Iiiiudled and twenty two paper inanufu'!* j Hirers. In making nails S?>.?th Carolina j lit!* three poisons engaged,nud M:?:sachu- t setts litis eight hundred an i s xiy-livc.? ? In t!io manufacturing of gia?s, we It;i\o i not one.w liilst Massachusetts has two liun- I died thirty. Hardmiiic t^outli Cuo- c Jinn does not pieteiul to make, l??it Massa- f cliissetts has four hundred tin I fifty six t poisons engaged in that business. We I have only four hundred nrd twenty-nine e d'.ors tii this State, whilst Mts-aehu.- Us t ha* three thousand one hundred and lit- I teen ! There ate hut fifty live machinists e reported in South Carolina, and upwards r of live thousands in Massachusetts ! ? lleiico wc have nil of our machinery t brought from tlio North, and o'.tr rtorov a nod shops are li led with ready made c clothing. J 1 'The cou.scaji.^uce of rdi this neglect . li of the mechanic arts in SjMIi Carolina, ' a has turned her to fall la-hind Mas*.-v.hn- I so'.is, as we have already sho?n, in prtP* < ' ulation, wealth and pro peii'c, |'Otv\j?!|- t standing her sap- r or iiaiuiu! u-iv.uitngca e in aliro't every re-ject. It is to ho hop- | ?1 that this eoinhtmti of tiling- will not t he.contmued, at:d that the foil* 'h-lion of your Institute is to l>o the beginning of a <i i.ow ci a :n > * < r< Let uh iich't'vo t o:.i ilivii pflnlctKO i!i tl.c iM.cliaiiio ait?, i! anil axa;l ourselves o! all tlie ailxai l ti wliiili uiacliiut-ry yivos in luh. r. Lit it < lio longer I>?? sai.l l>y tile North, that wo li Ijjiv M;l>.sliuito<l s!a\< IV f i mnliiniry, ii an I lli .1 iu>tc:?<! of looking to tin* imn- e ilorfti! j?. rof macliinciv, \\o looh only n to .?h?\? I i! or, for nil that i> to ho ilnne (i 1 >y iinlti.-'ty. !.< t us show tin* North, t! that ' .'i :1 . So all is h < ?*c 1 with si Airman bl.iuii, xxhhh sl.o has tna-lo a : \\ Hosm:.o to the African rare, xxoarc n< v?t- I llich'ss i! is post'J to avail ouisciics of all I ll.O ;?.|\illltilgt's HI.'! bh'ssill^s which tin* j niriTH of mio liiiu i v give to i;?l>? r ai.tl e< io'ln-.tiy. Whilst s! ivi-s till tin* soil, the t \*li to man < a i tlevoto him?cif to tho mo I. vli ihie juts, i oiuUH't'OO ai.'l tho sc i'i i' r; f agriculture, litiiatun-, llm lcaiiml pio- i fi'.-sioi.s, oo"? ri int'iil ami the art of war. li l?u; tin* ln*!'lo|i;?s slioMli a nival ?oi. ? h'UlfiiV'ti'd :VhV| tt'iotivands in South t *.ir< - I. linn who are co.p!o*ed as l?o;s<cr oaifeti I teis. I !.u! >niil!u<, masons, nnllwr ght*. t' ran age maliei-, .? !d!us, l.ii rs, hi a U t! InVeis, Jco. There rail he no doiil.t that t! they may ?-o | rvtitiili'v employed in all w ilio t>iA!>tifaAti<i mn.! Uicvihau c arts. 1 lie a N i hern | e p !i tvo atlrili i'od nur want a of pi*iperity t" tin? <1 jiiH":t:c institution* o' of ho S -u;li, wl.cn, in fa t, tliov idiotiM a iiavi! utii.Lut' 'l it to our neglect < ! tin? ri mechanic arts. Whi'sl we continue alto- 1 ii "alia r an a 41 .rait ual people, wo forego \ ti.u profits Hint advantages fiouici by fi too bedel a! < ovcriiiiit'lil to tin' inaini'ai- <1 tui?r, in llu* shape of du as levied on all importations of good* from abroad.? > o TI.o>o duties tire a l oon to the manufacturer, an. uinllng to twenty five and t'riity five p. r rent, en' i.tlortm en evei\thing he iiiaiHitaettiK*. lhey itstiaiu 'lie importation if foreign manufacturi*, and incre .se the vaiue of dome-tie goi d* onefourth, <>r a tuin! ! If these domestic ' goods mo inanufactiue I at llie South, then this l?oi.n? to the inat.-rfaeturor is received by tie Setitlic-n'i States. It is i. com use- tli j Northern State# have i i.j ?y ?l at' this go* rtiiiuiitil | rote i on, and the South none ot /*, that they hate pros pcre?l to (voiulertnlly. r *11.' whole nmnunl of i ;j *t: ! inv ite >1 v in the manufaelireul coUoit in the I niled Stales, l?y thy cviimi* ot 18o0, w si* e soM'iity fj?r ini!:i<>i?s. Tlio inn >I.i\?-)ioK1ing Slates had t-ixiy four millions, ami the I slaveholdmg States ten millions. Tho n j.rod in t of cotton manufactures was s'xly ? one mi.lions of doll irs?that of the flee * Stales I < im? fifty two ml ntul il.at of '| the >:a\y States only nine millions. Tlio j. amount of the capital invtMod in woollen . t iiiaiiiifacture was twenty ciorlit millions of 1 dollars ; twenty -fix of this investment i belonged to thy North, and one million r only to thy South. Tlio value of the I \ woollen manufactures was forty-three t 111 it I i ns The Northern States produced \ fort\ one .tiiiii. 11?,and tilt S-.mlherr S'ah . '1 two u.uii us. According to the estimates | made of thy duties and expenses on the 1 importation of tho amount of cotton and : woollen good*,there would l>e tliiity-eight r mil ion* of dollar* which goes into tho ' a pocket of those manufacturcra. l>nt of * this sum, tho Noiili receives thirty four a miili ns, and thcSouth four million*, aim- f ply Localise the Southern Stales i'.o not ; more largely enter into lunnufacl'iiiri" t cotton and wool, These are aoroe ot the v advantages which the nuihufacti'rcr ha* a over the planter, and denied from the c government under which they hoth live! * I low can we expect to i.pial the North \ in prosperity, whilst we forego all these >i advantage* i I It has been a most fortunate circuin* i vtance for the Northern people that our \ slaves have been kept in the field, instead , f of being put more generally to the mo- 1 [ chailic art* ; thereby they have boon working for the Northern Manufacturer, j Instead of assailing this Southern insti- , tliluvik llui Vi.rlli f.mrlit I.a tin.I "I "*" ,r..a... ? ...... I protect it. Our slaves make cotton fur t litem to manufacture, and tho more cot- i ton grow n the cheaper it it, ami the *. greater nmouttl of manufactured good* \ sold. Wo make sugar, rice t >bacco and j wheat l?y mean* of alave labor, which ri the North purchase* and consumes. It is , in tin* way that they find a market fur p their manufacture* in the Southern Slate* p ami circ employment to three rmllfotnof t * v ... 1^X1 >1 n ir-.rsrwr?--o-m-xak urv* v?j *r.-w li'ir industrious an i enter; rizing iti/i ns. If slave labor wer" disci tittiued in the southern Slates, it \voul<: im!!?? 1 ::itclv a nriiNc New Knghwd and Oh; Kng'and, uid the whole civilized world. Shiveiv ias beooine, bv the growth of ci>tt< n cs weially, an element of civilization. In 11! the assaults which ha*e I . n made ??n his South by the North, in regard t > laxery, there lias been maiiihstod as micli of ignorance /is ot wi Ucdtiess.? I bis crusade against our institutions have riginatcd in a shoit sighted policy, wh ch / ehs to check the political sT 'tigth of he South. 1 s friends have ' vi-i l?.ob.?l toyotiil th't> rosti!?. The rilijhius laiiili:-?in <.f tltij Ninth has been i in his crusade, until il 'ins bcconm Ihrinida h>, ami threatens to involve tin; whole <??i:i>i v, Noiih atul South, in ;nc com n in ruin ! In fine f? uu or shape slavery has oxised in all time, an 1 wilt continue to exist ,s !on^ as civilization last.-. I: never has xMcil in a better form than it does in he Southern State*. 1 he Ahiea' savage irs belli bioii^ht to tin* I. ;. : ! Sialic, lul civilized and ihii-liuiiize . From a ,'.v hundred thon-an I, thin iiav - itieiess > i unco "r mur iihiiton = vv tlmi a i < n rrv ftt.'l a li;t!f ! J liis If' alone t * eeiio n > i/> tli i <-1 'i. .i :u t. ontn o*.t ['ho 1,!story of i\o Alric:u'. >" <.' tlnv.-.s 1 ir?t ilioy have nlwava l>>- ;i ir i > * r>j* / net everywhere, from the earliest dawn >f ii;:iii's history to tin.* priscnt tir.to, and lies tin v cannot exist in tiny other con ition. 'I ! ? earliest r. cor is of K^vpt li nisiuiils of vein ; 1 < fore tin- ("l.riv ian m, tliow that thev were then slaves, and eld in slaveiv hy the Kjjyp'i ns. In his .tinitu wixl in, the Ahniyiity lr.> stamp I lliciti with I he :oI:i|itnt i< >n to slavery, ichtally and phy-ajally. Whoa rc!h ved i :n shiverv, which I.as <i . ilit in, toy naturally and qnn !;'y IVI in'o a ' Lute of Inrlinrumi. This has been show n ith.ii the last 1 a t'c nitury l<\ l >oiu*a ai.<l ruiMi toot* .111<>ii id the i- I 'tt ! if" Stilt hiiui?ip;o tin ! Jamaica. 1m iliA-nec <>t tlie mo nit*, let its .tiiparo the bib. r vsi;li that of' allien Itu1. I: lias l ci ii iimci! to tvi-ak it!?o ;i]i|>;i,es- am! |i!i'.Mir.s .,i : ;?i n il 1 !' , .'.in! j lii' it '...til !":r a! vV'j those !' any other pnistrt. This may a!! be tie in rc^ar i to tho uni -:t: i vi>:on nil id tio?o>>iiici,l ..I" tin aori' iii;i.r.i' i-Malo ibor in tin* tii'Ms oi a 1 .nr. - r j jui! ili<>n. Ii" a^i'i-ii!tinal laborer woiks harilor nil) the me? !i:iiii?%. lie ! < \J 'i I > in hc<'i liinjj i;ivs u! a ii'i tie i it;;!, ami 10 miows, citul \\ urns, y ?-iM t v\ n'.' r the imc'.auic is eon.' rt.i ily home! t.il ;iioti elfil Ironi botbi :t tinsel beat , ' , , .. i. . .! - i - 11U c< .U. I lit' ??>:u ' ! ! m<; i< t in) and ?.:>??, i' 'i.* ; '.!? jlie dn.'>t lid lilt:-! whieh v>?T ? !? Mtitors t!iu ;\ ycultural Uluiicr. I! > ! I > r, t< o, i-more itelloctual, and miuai. !- a higher pi ice. Yhilst the I:i! or r in t! lo-hl earns I.is fty cciiIs ii i! iv, tin* ir.e 1 nrtk?;? inolliir ma1 twod-Ilars p?-r day. In a moral, it lie us :n 1 social p >int f view, it is very doul<::' 1 uliel1 cr any ngieiili Mia! ! u is in Ma-- a-h - .setts are s\eri ir to the fame c!a>- < ! |? nous found s op rativc- in tl.o rial. f?c'.< lies at LowII. Ami I sin Mil", I'l. tn what I have en and heard, tlial ;he p- pulnton oi Iiamteville, in this Slate, .. ! comp ile fa orably in morals, rt-1 : n nnd hrtellijence, ?illi lie same > ! < f persons in ny agricultural disiiiei f South C'aroli n. Men and tinmen are. taught iclinenoi t and the enj ?ym i t- < . ic l?y n.-so iation ; ami if tb.v bavo to perform ( nant.nl labor for then d .i'> support, why ;<M !-t tbrm ? i "no,, in ?!?;.? pursuit in i bid. their lal-or ? Id -m?:-tl.?; high ? st prices, an i which will ( : 1 !o them to i j'?y more of the c uiforts f iife ? As soon its you have n.vukiiied :i suf icient (h-givy of ii.vii-st in the mechanic ut*, you will gentlemen, see your city prim.; forward in t1 . race f nprovemc-nt uul prosperity ns 1'liii.o'clpbi.i lias done, [his city oius h<r prc?>nt growth and [ix-atnoss more to b< : in uiufaelurers .ban o l.cr coiunicrcc. An .uteresf.ton, in the Mechanic. arts may stun date and mature ; oi.ik lil.in fni ftiioi>liii ' v.iur i'iv with a distant and al m.ditit supply of fresh | vater. There is nothing w hich Charles. | oti more needs at this time, or which I vouh! add nmro t > h<alih and comfort. Dint scourge wld hd.- ! .:< .1 Phil-idel* diiji before hei present wvrks wore sup dyir.3 the city, ai d whi h now threatens 0 bean annua! visitor in t"iiarloston, lias tot been able to proud in New York, or my other city in the I uited States well applied with fresh water. The ingenuity md invention of mechanic \l skill, when troperlv dirtctcJ, inav also point lo nunc I ?racticablo plan <-f removing llic olmtrue ions to tit*3 entrance in your harbor, illicit lias licretofoio been so formidable 1 barrier to the c< niinetcial pr?>|<ii;\ ?f Chrrhston. New pi ejects will be uggested for improving and extending our railroads to cairy oil'your commerce md mauufaotiiHs, and biing to you the uoduco cf the country. Schemes for mproving, beautify ing and ornamenting our city will lie originated, iind a bright uturo will he drawn on this ancient tin oiitim of the South. In conclusion, gentlemen, let me tender ')u my thanks for the honor you have lone mo. I would that I had had the iniC, and ability, and information ncces arv to have discharged mydulyhn ainanler more Hcceptahlc to yon, more worthy if your Institute, and more in accordance villi the interest I feo! in the great objects on have in view, Hut thi* ottering, such is it is, I render freely and cheerfully, 'for the promotion of art, mechanical intenuity and industry." 1 know that it is pMieraliy an unthankful duty lo point out lie errors of any people; but 1 know, too * .* -v V ? * +A' tint no improvement c n take place, till uc am fully impressed wkVtho conviction of our ermr^. 1 havo honestly ami faith fully, as I conceive, directed your attention to what 1 have always thought tin: groat mistake of the South, iti not divrrv'ih ing their indiistiv, and depen.ling on Kttropu and the Northern States for their tnanufifltiri a 11 it no.." .o t . ...i . t -.i 1." !ll?' p"'new the c*x| ?< .-si- ti ot the If] e, that the louiulali' it of the Soutli Carolina Institute will he ilio beginning < I" a now era in Southern enterprise ami industry, ami that we sha'l preserve in 'tin* promotion of art, mechanical ingenui!v and industry,' till our :eal independence of tli" Noitli llld of lvil(i[)fl is achieved alio hornet established; ami thai tho whole Si nth will l.? piopa.od, in pcaco < r in w ar. to moot any issue or crisis which inav he fore fl ii|ii)ii us in defence of our honor, our interests ami our constitutional rights. trhnifii ;?kctrl}C5. THE AWKWARD III STAKE. Cora i?. \va-something of a tlirt?there is no denying it, though J do not like to admit anything to her disadvantage, t". .1 s'io was a great favoiite of mine. Co:a wis only eighteen, hut lor lorerWv... already ?0 numerous, that hail si o eared ... keep vomit of them, she imut have ii.nl a i. ' !..' ! . ke II ' !i.?c: < 'itlsoe, f. i ? ire'v In r giddy l:?t'* head could i.over have remembered tin in ail, without that < r some similar ai>!. Kvcrylio.lv petted, admiicl ami flatter c?l lor; ami to make love Jo one so lo\ea'nit', seeme.l as <:a> v ami natural as loinhale the fi a gr.inco of a flower. Among llie new. st. ami eniise.pieiillv the most favoie?i <-t her admirer', was I! rave Henderson, w ho ha>l leeemly come to Coia's native place. Kofii'iea h 'iig the novel; v . t the season he was decid.dlv u clever an 1 agreeable fellow? handsome and talented ; there fore Cot i. without wmhiior . - rintis caii.j- o<f. wiiii!,! have I eon inortilh ! a! !;or he U ?>1" shi!l, if she had not soon eel in adding so ili^tin^uir!i?. ! an i to her ti ?ia. It ? < !?t sin cli'ort greater than usual t> do mi, however --and even when she had , .. ..! ... . :.)> i h's assiduities wa re loss i!,e lOstnl <?f Ime t!i tit gallnntrv r.t.il admiration. >!ie w as o'l.te oiV:i! h.ovevi-r, at 1 the iiiliiiciv v between them increase 1 t' ia lliitod with no one so tnin li. Ilotuoerar rie.l 1 et ! i one's mora than s!.e <1 i?t hi r self? he hardly ever allowed any one else to fan her after daneing. and when he . !:cu ! "T to ride with hint site eoti-eiit oh A beautiful, cool suinmrr a he.-moon, was M-h'.'Wsl for their first ride; ar.d Coin mounted ti a gentle, hut ppiritod nn mnl. xhtl .-rated l?y the excrei-e, and excited \ \ the r.on-onse <*r companion was talk iug to lier, had never teen in bettor spirits, i r looked more lovolv. Their w ay led the n along the romantic bank* of the Connect ion'. Tho country was looking et.chnniirijjly ? the river gleamed blue Mini sparkling on their Jitnl on the left a (nil and oomp'ote orchestra of to-uls 1?- cln lister?, chanted hewiteliili;.'!V behind their vernal screen. Cora's heart as well as her eat* was filled with imibic, and Iter bright cheeks glowed, and her b!a> '< eyes spar kit*.I with pleasure. 'I lie sun was sli'.i high when they 'urn ed homeward, and after a li\c! v cantor they aim kened their pace to etij y tint quiet loveliness <-f nature. Coining t<? an alluiing little side road which led into a wood, they were tempted by curiosity and ilio eailit'Osa of the hour t>? leave the main r< ad ??? explore it. u was an encnaiumg lime l iny causewnv carpeted with turf", ami canopied wit?i green. Cora was wild with delight.? Horace seemed less pleased, or more occupied with otlicr thoughts, for lie was unusually ailenU Cora observing his absent mood, laughingly inquired the reason. Horace rallied himself, and replied with gaiety, a little forced ? "Ah, Miss Cora, has not a man the sanction of Slinke-pero and all the poets, to be metry sad, absent or whimsical, at his ow n capricious will! I claim iininii nitv under tlie laws enacted l>y the poets in fa vor of distressed lovers?for) on knowMiss Cora, you see before you a man very much in love." "It is coining," said Cora to herself.? "Well, I'm ?< iiy ? perhaps 1 can laugh it off,'' ami she answered aloud, "indeed let tne take a good look then, for 1 should like to see the symptoms of n slate, eomo to be regarded now a days as problematical. "l'ray, l e seiiou-*, dear Cora, for my sake," replied Horace, in an earnest voice. "I cannot jest on this subject?it is one too deeply involving my happiness. We have not known each other long. Cora, hut I afn not one of those w ho believe that the growth of friendship must always ho counted by days and weeks, I think I have known you as if I had been acquainted with you all my life?and I am sure you will not think I claim too much in nuking \ ou to listen to mo. The love i iffi 1.4 so oe? p and earnest mat it do iuhij.U and must have expression. May I speak freely, Cora!-' "Oli, no, do!" cried Corn, in a tone of distifps?for though sonic-thing of, a flirt a* f have admitted, she wan incapable of a ecoileitis'* pleasure in witnessing her victim s pain, or keeping him in suspense. "Do not teil me any more?1 am very sorry it I have done wrong, but, I do not, aud enprwt returfl y*ur wtf?4etior." Mvoarc - . wf um?r Henderson looked up in astonishment ; lie appeared for h moment not t>? understand her, and fur a few minutes to fuel some emharrns?inen\ but he 1 at last with a hall mile? "Von have made a very natural mistake, Mi>< (Jorn -ami it would, perhaps, be m-r<> politic, or u ieast p'i'ite, to ienve it uuroi reeled. 1 >til uiy poJi.-v is rtiivavs a straight loi wiird'one, and I will confess that it was not to yourself 1 had allusion ju?t new, hut to Miss of lloaton. The kind friendship you hare shown mo induced me to hope you would allow ni? the luxttl V of talking Ir> you of wiint constantly occupies my thoughts. 1 trust Voii will permit me to do so still, will yon now f" (.' ra's face was seailet?-lie had made il i- a v kwitnii -t of fvin nine mi-lakes.? She dtopped licr louse's reins, ;iml 11i<\ her faco iti her hands, overwhelmed with ' emotion and unable to utter a word. II race caught tlie bridle, an 1 hold the horse t< r her?w hi!o ho stiove 1 y raying the k't dest thing in the woihl, \.v treating tin* whole thing as a trilling j**st, and l?y skilifully presenting t'> Cora the only Cotm ding featuie in the case ? that Iter reply had been a refusal?to banish her annoyance ami mollification. Aft. r a time she wua induced to join 1 rati ?-r shyly iti hi.-, laugh, ami ho followed in hi- proinbii g confession. It consist. .) sin ji'.v of a l.ivei's ra|'lure'H over a fair . eliv iti ty, wl.oni notw ithstanding hi* secret adoration poverty foibado him to :;ddrt ss. I Cora j rotcl a very sympalhysing and i interested l.stt nor; and though she had . no a.lvico to < tier. Mr. Henderson was L clnuiii".1 w ith the absorbed attention she i L-riw to his ?l?'iv, and 111?*v parted hotter j trends ih ?n ever, notwithstanding the \ blunder she had made. A few days after this conversation an i <'j t.ltig ] le-etit'vj itself to voting I lender- , son in another cilv, and l.o left to avail ] himself of it. lie was absent f<>r two yean, and h->\ing succeeded lieyond his utmost h< pes i:i his business, he treated himself, one summer to the pleasure of retainin;* t" S. to spend his vacation. As a matt r of course he ronexved Iris at r| n a int.'ir.ee with Cora. He found her stui unmarried, and unengaged?but <p ,t as pretty, and as he thought, far 111. ' . f ll>'? vnl.ll.fil' t . I... t ? . .... . .......... i.ini j UW IlilU UlitiSI- | ! i Mi---. by t!. ? unexpected , man.. 4 - lady i ? f. re hi* circum ,i > - - !i i i - > Mr improved as to justify , 1 itil in hiring his attachment. lie n ct ( ? <ra widi a lir-.it (Yep, instead of fettered, , ami lie could not. tut see how vorv attrnc- , live fuel lowah'.y sweet she was. , 1 fis attentions were renewed. hut in a , very diti" i'11 -jiiiit from that m which they hail l-ctii letnh red of eld. Cora, I.-wcw r, quite unaw are of this ? !.: : ? " cf circumstance and feeling, rece'vI them quite on the former friendly footing. Indeed she was fir more friend- , Iv and seeuto than then, for she fancied -!.< huew the mntc of Horace's affections, ,, and her inlima v with him could not, | j licit 'fine jiO-Mhly lead to misunderstand- | ing* either on his j ait or hers She felt thus, ijiuto free nnd ea?v to lid , walk, t i talk with him without serut)!e, Sometime*, it i-, true, she h:\tl a let ! ,ig 11...t tin re was something in his manner she did not quite understand?a something more of reserve, ami at the same time, warmth, than formerly which |.it7.7.'ed her, hut decided that she most be inis'. ik ii, ami tried to banish such fan t >t.o day it chanced that they ro le out in the very same direct ion they ha.i taken on :ho men-ion of their first ride. ft.tiring to the shady lane, they turned aside, as before, to see if two \cats had brought any changes to so retired a spot. As they .-dowdy pursued theii way 11 ?rluo said smilingly? 'Do you r> member Cora- 1" ' My awkward mistake?" interrupted she, will) a k blush. "I was just , thinking of il; but don't talk about it." "I was thinking," said Horace .]uict'y "that was tny mistake, nut yours." How hut" 4,l?ocau*o I have since found tliat tie confession of love 1 then made, was 1 at a mistake and a falsity ? in slum tnv profission should have been to you, Cora, and I cannot imagine wlu-ie toy wits were not to know it. Dearest Cora, iel mo corioct my error, by ti lling you bow dearly?bolter than 1 can toll or you can 1 imagine?I love you." lie looked it Iter p"rhaps fur encouragement, hut not meeting the responsive glance lie doubtli expected, he added in I alarm? "Surely, surely, Coin, you will not rc- I teat the same cruel answer?" j "I can hardly tell," said Coih hesitat- : ingly. "You take mo hy surprise. Hut, she added, with a blush, and a shy smile, "f will !i i?unfnt^inu I mo- il.S..l? ingji at ii' w, 11 n*. it I had le'.t tow nr 1 you, In h, as I ?!'. now 1 nrght have made my hlundei still mere awkward hy saving yea ! instead of no." Till v \ kiss M.\aniLD. The other day a Jew was quizzing an Irishman, and kept at him until he was Boiurn inn aggravated, wneii, turning round, l.o tartly roromkul: "Yf?, dom vet sow I, if it hadn't been , for tlie likes of yees, the Saviour would n bin a live now, an?l doin' well." Mrs. Stnith, bearing stiango sounds, inquired of lier n?-w servant if she snored in tier sleep. "I don't know, inarm," ru plied He^ky, quit# innocently, " I never awake K-ng enough ro diskiver. * *+>' ' x?> *? .< i in u u a i'J. THE BOY ON THE WITNESS STAN D. Judge (iro?li,of Pennsylvania, communicates the following to the "Ambassador." After the jdea ol "not guilty" was entered, and :! o jury v.as sworn or affirmed, h small, very intelligent looking boy w as called to the witness stand. The defendant's attorney objected to his testifying on account of his age, Ac. 'J lie atlornev for the Common w ealth, said tlie boy was unusually intelligent, and requested the court to examine bis competency, and 1 proceeded accordingly, very mildly : Judge. ?What is your name, my son ? Hoy . (Hiving bis name very distinctly, which I do not now remember ) Judge.? Where do you reside, my litt'o man I Hoy.?In tliis city, sir. Judge ?IIhvo you a parent or parent* alive and residing here? * Hov.?-One only ; my mother. Jinige. -Ho ymt attend school, my son ? Hoy.?Yes, sir. Judge.? I presume from jour intelligence and praisworlhy conduct here, that yon will soon bo allowed to attend the Uigh School, atid become a useful r.i: n,"* and (if ncceisarv,) a-sist your good mother. l'lds drew tears of pleasure to bis cws, and lie replied that by the favor of the S. llfw.l tlir. I I ' ' - ' ' ' uvwiui mivi.uvi.iuie .Mtgu School for the host six months. Judge.? How oi l are you, my good boy I Jtov.? My motlier says that on tomorrow I will bo thirteen years old. Judge.?Are you here to give evidence to the cort and jury in this case ? (nailing.) Itoyv? ) ??, sir; if required so to do. Judge.? Do you know the solemnity of llio obligations of a judicial oath, my son! llellect before you answer. Hoy.? (Very niodest'y.) I think I do. Judge. ?What wiv, ho your punishment, my d-ar bov, h you swear falsely or 'peak a lie on oath ? l'oy.? 1 will be sent to the penitentisirv, (weeping.) and thus break mv dear llU.ll.i.r'. Iu?... r i'? - ? * ^invriu wvrts oiuer even bea'dcs liis in that home overflowing with on i yju hiu w mat n you ten a no on your oaili, when yon die you will bo endlessly tortrrcd in a fiery pool? Hoy.?That would be an additional in liiccutenl to speak the truth, the whole ruth, and nothing l>ut the truth; but that punishment can be avoided by a timely repentance; but repentance will avail nothing to beep me out of the penitenliaiy. Judge.?Vou are a noble toy. AYho g ,ve you those excellent instructions ? Hoy.? Mv mother, sir. Judge.? Such a mother deserves suck a son f May our heavenly Father bless yon both. Mr. Clerk, qualify the witness. He has in this examination given us more common sense information on tne binding nature of judicial oaths than all the musty hooks injthe court room could do. Repeal your law s for the punishment of perjury, and false sweating will be as com nion ns it. i* now rate. An honest person w ill speak the truth without an oath ; but a dishonest 0110 were it not for the fear of immediate punishment wc uhl never test 1 t'v 11111 v if a he would in l.is (st.inaticn benefit him moie than truth. A gentleinnn, passing through cue of our public offices was alii on ted by some clcks, and was advised to complain to the principal, which he did thus: "l liave been abused here hy some of tho rascals of this place, and I came to nxpiaint yon of it, as I understand you are the pyinci/toi*1 It i? fortur.atc that the gentlemen'# fashions do not keen pace will. the ladies, or else by this time, their hats would have dwindled down to the size of a charity Uoy's ii ullin cap,and ilieir tmwscrs would have swollen c ul to double the size of 11 link's ami :i 1 Mitclunnn's stitched to* gether! "May 1 leave a few tracts <" u>hed a medical missionary of n ladv, who rfirofc^ * iK'U to Li* knock. "Leave some tracks?certainly you may," said she, looking at him most benignly over her specs; "leave them with the heel towards the house, if j cu please." Lorenzo L)ow once said of a grasping, avaricious farmer, that if he had ti e whole .. ^...'.1 ......I, . ?. i : : i J!-1 i - ? oviiii 111 JV BlllglC lieitl, 111* Vlt u.il not l>e content without a patili ot groural on the outside to raise potatoes. ? mm* mr> u Mrs. Partington says ilie hest "aneedoto" for "piztn'' is i.ot to take the "darned stutr." 4$.' a iRrt lias heen introduced into tlio Legislature of North Carolina "to encourage and promote matrimony/' An old maid, speaking of marriage, says it is like any other ditenre; while there is life there is hope. Beware of judging haatilv ; it is heller to suspend an opion than to'ietract an av ertion. Th? man who wan 4 l ent on matrimony," straightened np after aetda. j How to get n pood wife? tale a rmar; girl ami go ;o th* patsor, /