University of South Carolina Libraries
Tanning Skins at Home. The first thing to do with any kind ?of skin is to soak it over night or un til thoroughly softened, then remove the surplus fat and flesh from the ?esh side. If hair is to he removed it -can be done by. laying skin hair side np and .covering it with air slaked ilime or fresh wood ashes, about half .an inch for small. skins up to three fourths for cow hides, keeping same ?evenly moistened and watching them frequently, for as soon . as the hair sfips nicely the ashes or lime must bo removed and the skin washed. Be fore tanning a sheep or goat skin the wool or mohair must be washed well' with suds and rinsed in clear wate: Skins must not freeze during Process, the formulas work much wetter in moderate than in col .weather. For tanning thin, small skins life .rabbit or squirrel put one gallon ?warm water into a wopden bucket ;add slowly and carefully, one ounc< sulphuric acid, also one pint of ole salt. Leave the skin in this solu tion thirty-five minutes, hang in warn oroom under surface dries off, aftei . which pull and kork it until dry. For sheep,, goat, dog or small calf skins put into a half barrel or othei wooden vessel 3 gallons of warm soft .water, add 6 ounces of oxalic acid also IVs. pounds table salt. Stir and when dissolved put skin in and leave .fourteen hours, moving it about oe .easionally. Wash the skin in clear wa -ter, let drain, then scrape and work costil dry. For similar skins such badger, 'coon, 'possum, skunk, house eat, muskrat and the ilke, use only '? gallons of water, 4 ounces oxalic acid ?and 1 pound salt. To those who wish to try tanning the hides of cattle, horses or mules .the following method has been used .and recommended by Mr. Stokes of Arkansas. We" do not know as to its value or where the ingredients can be obtained. After soaking the hide " take it to the currying horse, which is made of a smooth log a foot through, split in center, placed Tounding side up and one end raised about three and one-half feet by means of legs. The hide is placed on this for removing flesh with a curry ing knife or old drawing knife. The smaller skins mentioned in above rpaTagr^hs can be fleshed with a dull &n2Ee ar'ialf round 'file. Dissolve 8 ox 10 pounds of the gum ci ganibier in a kettle with enough iain water :to cover the hide well. To this add 4 pounds of salt, 2 pounds of saltpeter and '1 gallera ?of good vine gar. A barrel will do for a vat, and you must have enough o"f the solution to cover the hide. It is. sot necessary to add all the water when dissolving the gum gambier ; it can be made up by adding cold rain water when put ting the solution in the barrel. Air the hide every two or three days by Tifting it out of the solution and hold ?t a short time. In from twenty to thirty days take hide out, wash and sang it in the shade or a moderately warm room. When nearly dry oil and work it well with the hands. This formula does not work well in cold , weather.' By adding one-third more of each ingredient the solution will tan a second hide. For making sole leather add one ounce oil of hemlock to above formula. .A way that some like better for taking the hair off is "to put into a wooden vessel enough water to well cover skin, then add a quart of lime for each bucket of water used. Put skin in and move it about occasional ly until hair slips and proceed as above.-Kansas City Star. World's Largest Deposit of ( .^'w^ . Kock Salt "Vast'quantities of rock salt lie less than half a mile beneath the surface of the earth in the United States. In New York, Ohio, Michigan, Penn sylvania, West Virginia, and other states, and probably in the world, is that which extends,from Northern Kansas across the west end of Ok lahoma, the panhandle of Texas, and : Southeastern New Mexico to Western 'Texas. The area underlain by these : great Permian salt deposits is not : far. from 100,000 square miles, ac i cording to the United States Geolo fgical Survey, Department of the In . terior. The limits of the deposit, es pecially to the northwest and south ?east, have not been ascertained, but in general the area of thick salt ex pends folly 650 miles from northeast to southwest, and is fifty to 150 miles wide. The thickness and the suc cession of the beds are variable, but 700 feet is reported in one hole, and un many places the aggregate is more tfhan 300 feet. On the assumption of .an average thickness of 200 feet of salt, the gross quantity in the area of 100,000 square miles is so large, about 30,000,000 billion tons, that the present needs of the United States (about 7,000,000 tons a year) can be supplied for millions of years. -Farm & Ranch, American Extravagance. Politicians have a great deal to say relative to the difficulty, of compet ing with the pauper labor of Europe. To this one thing is charged many of our economic difficulties. As a matter of fact, is not American ex travagance the primary cause for so many of our troubles? By extrava gance we do not mean the purchase of luxuries when money is plentiful, although individually and as a nation we would be better off if we increas ed our savings account when oppor tunity offered. We mean that we are extravagant in production ; in the use of our lands; in the destruction of our natural resources; in our man-| ner of work and in our way of liv ing. We are extravagant in distribut ing our products and even in the use of the English language. The agricultural industry contin ues to lead all others in the number engaged and in volume and value of its product. It is the most important of industries and is conducted with less consideration of approved busi ness principles and rules than any other. It has been a producing indus^ try without a sales department. This, perhaps has been the chief obstacle in the way of its prosperity. But, there are some things about produc tion which every farmer should con sider. The cost of production could be lowered in many instances by a little, planning and more system. Of ten times the margin between profit and loss depends on taking of the lit tle things about the place. Farmers who take the opportunity on rainy days to put their machinery in order are ready to go into the field the first bright day and frequently this ad vanced preparation makes and saves a crop. Fixing a gate at the right time takes but a few minutes, while letting it go sometimes costs many dollars in destroyed crops by loose running stock. The American farmers, many of them, are extravagant in their acre age. They try to put into crop more land than they can properly prepare, cultivate or harvest. As a result they receive smaller returns from a large acreage than they would have receiv ed from half as much. Every farmer knows that his plowing should be done at the proper time; that it should be done in a certain way; that his seed must be of the best and put into the ground at the right time, and that constant and good cultiva tion is necessary*to the production of a maximum crop of quality products. Yet, how many farmers are able to do these things at the right time? Under our large farm system it can't be done except at the .expense of much hired labor, and as a result we cover a great deal of ground in a skimpy, haphazard way without re ceiving adequate returns for labor and investment. The small, well cultivated and properly managed farm generally produces a greater income than the farm of large acreage which does not receive proper attention. Communi ties in which small, well cultivated farms predominate are generally prosperous.-'Farm & Ranch. , Bee Industry Growing. Clemson college, June 25.-South Carolina farmers in general and es pecially in, certain Piedmont counties a$e taking greater interest than ever before in bees, as may be illustrated by an account of progress in Oconee and Anderson counties, where the bee specialist of the Extension Ser vice has many calls in promoting the work. In Oconee county "Bee Week"" was abserved recently under the leader ship of County " Agent George R. Briggs and Extension Bee Specialist E. N. Pr?vost. Nine d?monstrations (vere held with a total attendance of 74 beekeepers, and great interest was mown in all the demonstrations. 14 aid box gums were discarded and re placed by modern hives. An example if the value of the work done is in the experience of Mr. Davis. Martin, a farmer of Oakway, who two years ago transferred his bees under the specialist's direction into two modern [lives and has this year obtained about,300 pounds of first class hon ey. This product figured at 30 cents per pound makes a good showing for so small an investment in money and labor. Additional value is attached to the demonstrations held during "Bee Week" because of the fact that it will be easy for those who attend ed the demonstrations to continue to transfer their own and their neigh bor's bees into modern hives. The beekeepers of the county are organiz ed into a county association with three divisions to cover three distinct sections of the county. ?In Anderson County good progress is also being made in bee work and this county now holds the record for bees in South Carolina with over 5,000 stands in the county. Many of these stands have already been trans ferred to modern hives and others are being transferred. The county has a well organized beekeapers' asso ciation with a good membership all over the county. Monthly meetings are held at which problems of various kinds are discussed and often lectures given by some leading authority on bees. [Sunday School Bulletin Issued by University. Columbia, June 27.-A complete study of the rural Sunday schcol and its problem, with an outline of organ ization and suggestions for the ad ministration of rural Sunday school is contained in a bulletin just issued by the University of South Carolina. jThe bulletin was written by C. E. Kepley, as his thesis in the Depart ment of Rural Social Science for the degree of Master of Arts. The Fore word is by Prof. Gee, head of the Department. It is for distribution and will serve as a great help to Sunday ?chool leaders. The facts and suggestions contain-) ed in the bulletin were gathered by Mr. Keple^ is a complete survey made by him of the rural Sunday school. This ' bulletin gives a brief history of the Sunday school movement, dat ing from the organization of the first school, in 1789 by Robert *Raikes. Its study of the organization^ of the modem rural Sunday school begins with the committee on educa tion of the modern purpose of which is to map out the course of study to select teachers and to supervise the course of study; and covers in detail the work of th? officers, the organi zation of the' departments, the adop- j lion and use of a program and a set of standards for each pupil, and the kind and quantity of equipment, in-j eluding the school building. The bul letin also discusses the importance of proper leadership and other means for making the Sunday school ef fective. The Sunday school, the bulletin shows, is a community builder and is of immense importance to the rural communities. Its teachings from the Bible are closely associated with the beauties of nature and the poetry of country life, and its training for \ leadership meets the greatest of all rural problems. There are fifty million Americans living under rural conditions. Nine tenths of the ministers are from the country and two-thirds of the Sun day schools are rural. The solution of the rural problems depends large ly on making religion vital to the i man of the country and thi3 needs j the efficient Sunday school. The bulletin is being distributed to persons throughout the state by I Dr. Reed Smith, director of the Uni-j versity Extension Department. Wants Prisoners to Support | Selves. Washington, June 26.-A short] time ago Senator Dial took up with Attorney General Daugherty the matter of purchasing farm lands to be utilized by inmates of various pen itentiaries, his idea being that the convicts should do more work and thus become more self-sustaining. To day he received a letter from the at torney general, in which, discussing conditions .at the Atlanta and Leav enworth penitentiaries, he said : "Without a doubt the same economy j will be effected at Leavenworth as was at Atlanta, when we acquired a farm at the penitentiary. The whole question of employment of federal prisoners is now being given earnest attention and consideration, and it is hoped that the department will be in a position to make some definite recommendations to congress in this j respect in the next year." Senator Dial believes that every-1 .thing possible should be done to utilize the services of these convicts in order ethat they may help to sup port themselves and be less of a tax | on the people. Notice. On the night of October 19th, 1920 the vault of the Bank of Trenton, Trenton, S. C., was burglarized and the following certificates of stock covering stock owned in the Trenton Fertilizer Company, was stolen and the public is warned not to accept any, of these certificates as. application has ! been made for duplicates: Certificate No. 2 for 3 share owned by F. Pi and T. P. Salter. Certificate No. 24 for 3 shares owned by J. W. Miller. Certificate No. 25 for 3 shares owned by J. W. Miller, Executor. TRENTON FERTILIZER CO. Tswaton, P. C. 6-l-6t. NOTICE. We having organized the Edgefield National Farm Loan Association in connection with the Federal Land Bank, I shall be glad to file your ap plication for a loan. J. H. CANTELOU, ' Secretary-Treasurer. Edgefield, S. C. 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